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Information Dissemination of BMKG Tsunami Early Warning at the Geophysical Statium of Ternate

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Information Dissemination of BMKG Tsunami Early Warning at the Geophysical Statium of Ternate Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages. 2317 - 2327 Received 20 January 2021; Accepted 08 February 2021. Implementation of Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) Information Dissemination of BMKG Tsunami Early Warning at the Geophysical Statium of Ternate Abdulhalil Hi. Ibrahim1 Lecture Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Thamrin Husen2 Lecture Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Kustoro Hariyatmoko3 Lecture Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Raoda M. Djae4 Lecture Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Marno Wance5 Lecture Unversitas Pattimura, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract This study aims to determine the implementation of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) policy for the dissemination of tsunami early warning information by the BMKG at the Ternate Geophysical Station. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive survey method. The data collection techniques used were observation, documentation, and interviews. The data analysis in this thesis is after the implementation of the policy so that research is carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The informants in this study consisted of several staff of the Ternate Geophysical Station by conducting more in-depth interviews with the Operations staff. Then take information from officials of the North Maluku Provincial BPBD and Ternate City BPBD, BPBD Pusdalops staff, the Chairperson of the Ternate City PRB Forum, the Chairperson of the DPD PPDI North Maluku Province, and the community. The results showed that the implementation of the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) policy for the dissemination of BMKG tsunami early warning information at the Ternate Geophysics Station had gone according to the mechanism. This study focuses on four aspects that affect the performance of the Ternate Geophysics Station related to the implementation of standard operating procedures for tsunami early warning information dissemination, namely aspects of communication, aspects of resources, aspects of disposition, and aspects of the bureaucratic structure by analyzing how they are implemented by looking at the performance of the operational officers of the Ternate Geophysics Station, response BPBD Pusdalops officers, community response to earthquake information and BMKG tsunami early warnings as well as http://annalsofrscb.ro 2317 Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages. 2317 - 2327 Received 20 January 2021; Accepted 08 February 2021. community actions in carrying out evacuations. Looking at the objective conditions of the research results, the recommendations that need to be implemented are for the government to increase public awareness of the risks and dangers of the earthquake and tsunami by building communication through coordination and socialization and training between institutions, building facilities, and infrastructure in their regions, establishing regulations as a form of delegation of authority, as well as adjusting conditions to aspects of the bureaucratic structure. Keywords: Tsunami, Earthquake, BMKG, BPBD Introduction The North Maluku region is one of the regions with the highest number of earthquakes every year. Tectonically, North Maluku is an area that has a fairly high and complex level of seismicity, this is influenced by three large plates, namely the Eurasian plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indo-Australian plate meeting in the Halmahera region (Ballantyne, 1991). The meeting of several of these plates causes the pushing of each other to make the North Maluku region has a fairly active potential for seismicity (Condie, 2016: Lourenco et al., 2016: Nakagawa and Spiegelman, 2017). The general director has not been able to manage human resources. maximally. (Halil, Deni, & Sugiarto, 2018). In the northern part of North Maluku, several micro plates affect seismicity in this area, namely the Halmahera, Sangihe archipelago, and the microplate in the Maluku sea. These three microplates are margins of the Eurasian and Pacific mega plates that are pressing against each other, especially the Maluku sea plate which characterizes a complex seismicity pattern as a source of enormous pressure. While in the southern part there is a fault that extends from the bird's head in the Papua region to the Banggai archipelago in Central Sulawesi. This fault is seen as a tectonic boundary between the North Maluku region which is influenced by Eurasia and Pacific plates and the tectonic area in the southern part is influenced by the Indo-Australian plate. This fault is a left-lateral fault with a strike-slip in southern Halmahera, this fault passes through several areas, namely Bacan Islands, Obi Island, and Sula Islands (Hall, 2000). The existence of Halmahera is a tectonic plate that is separated from the Maluku and Sangihe sea plates. What is evident today is that Halmahera is part of an extension of the Maluku Sea which was subducted during the Neogene period between 45 and 25 million years ago (Hillis & Muller, 2003). The community needs to get education about earthquake mitigation because not all earthquakes cause collapses such as the Sasak traditional shelter in Lombok which remains standing after the earthquake, as is the case with the existence of button houses in Maluku and North Maluku indicating local wisdom taught by the ancestors/ancestors of the people of Maluku and North Maluku in making reliable and resilient settlements against earthquake shocks. But along with changing times and the development of civilization, many humans have built houses using modern buildings without paying attention to the layout and risk of building in areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis because houses and buildings designed with the concept of earthquake mitigation, although they may collapse, will tend able to provide opportunities for residents to save themselves because the structure does not collapse instantly. The new paradigm of public administration is to formulate the practice of using the value of the implementation of public service accountability. (Herizal, Mukhrijal, & Wance, 2020) suggest that public policy is carried out through a planning process that has been analyzed comprehensively (Supriatna & Ibrahim, 2020). The physical vulnerability of housing occurs due to this social vulnerability in the aftermath http://annalsofrscb.ro 2318 Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages. 2317 - 2327 Received 20 January 2021; Accepted 08 February 2021. of the absence of access to knowledge of the minimum building security standards. Poverty makes people unable to access earthquake-resistant technology. Institutional delays in the regions in adopting national earthquake safety regulations and standards have resulted in a vacuum of regulations in the regions regarding earthquake-resistant housing construction standards. Many regions in the district have not adopted the Building Building Law which was passed in 2002 where the capacity of the regions to adopt national standards related to earthquake resistance planning procedures is minimal. Even if there are regulations in the regions, there is often no public administration system that consistently controls safety standards for household housing and other infrastructure. The implementation of minimum standards for public services, which began in 2019, is required to include security guarantees for housing in disaster-prone areas. The logical choice is to adapt through seismic mitigation in building housing and infrastructure on earth. The focus on mitigation and preparedness is very important, BMKG through mass media and social media needs to systematically communicate the anatomy of seismic risk in a more up- to-date but simple and understandable way to the public. In the dissemination of information in the mass media and social media, there needs to be a greater emphasis on the human dimension and "public policy". The focus is not only on earthquakes but on how to design earthquake- resistant buildings and infrastructure. That the vulnerability to earthquakes is the result of the physical vulnerability of buildings and infrastructure that collapsed on its inhabitants. People must understand the earthquake phenomenon as a natural phenomenon that is commonplace, earthquakes are geological phenomena of planet earth. This emphasis is important because some areas of the earth are geologically dynamic. Plate shifts that cause friction or collisions between the plates at the confluence of the layers of the Earth's crust can cause earthquakes, some of which we feel on the earth's surface with all the consequences. Every year at least 500,000 earthquakes are detected on Earth, 20% percent of which can be sensed sensitively. Only 0.02% (100 earthquakes) have the potential to cause damage including casualties (in Earthquake Nation The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity 1868-1930 written by Greg Clancey). When disaster mitigation has been implemented at the policy level at the household level, conscious action that needs to be taken is to increase preparedness for the possibility of failure of shelter structures in the event of a disaster. There are always human deficiency factors, no system is perfect. Vulnerability to earthquakes and other disasters is entirely a “socio-economic policy”, not for magical and
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