Journal of Indonesian Tourism and doi: 10.21776/ub.jitode.2018.006.03.04 Development Studies E-ISSN : 2338-1647 http://jitode.ub.ac.id

Tourism Destination in Remote Area: Problems and Challenges of Tourism Development in North as Remote and Border Areas of -

Yerik Afrianto Singgalen1*, Gatot Sasongko2, Pamerdi Giri Wiloso2

1Politeknik Perdamaian Halmahera, North Halmahera, , Indonesia 2Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, Central , Indonesia

Abstract This paper will describe the problems and challenges in North Halmahera tourism development and describe the coordination, resources, disposition of executor and bureaucratic system in the process of tourism policy implementation by local government. This research used a qualitative method and case study approach. The method used in this research is qualitative with case study approach. This research conducted in Kakara Island, Tagalaya Island, Bobale Island, Kumo Island, Luari Beach, Paca Lake, Duma Lake, and Mamuya Hot Spring as the priority in North Halmahera Tourism Development Program by local government. The results of the evaluation indicate that the bureaucratic system, resources (human resources and sources of funding), the disposition of the commissioning and coordination was instrumental in the process of implementation of the policy on tourism. The implications of the implementation of tourism policy hampered are the lack of participation of the community and damage to facilities and access for tourism which threaten the sustainability of tourism. Thus, it can be noted that the challenges in the development of the leading tourist attraction in North Halmahera are the effort to increase community participation through partnerships to achieve sustainable tourism. Keywords: Bureaucracy System, Coordination, Disposition, Resources, Tourism Policy.

INTRODUCTION* Previous studies showed that government in This research will describe the bureaucratic the development of regional tourism has the role system, resources, disposition, and coordination as operator, regulator, designer, coordinator, and to identify the source of constraints that occurred educator [2,3]. This shows that the development through the implementation process. What and sustainability of tourism are also determined distinguishes this research from previous studies by the implementation of tourism policies by the is that this study describes the problems and government. Furthermore, Truong [4] shows that challenges of tourism development in remote the government in tourism development has a areas; specifically the border area of Indonesia very important role as a policymaker and as a and the Philippines. This research is important to tourism policy executive, although the be implemented considering the Indonesian perspective used is a pro-poor perspective. government's policy of expanding access to the Government intervention through tourism entire archipelago through the policy of marine policies in favor of local communities is not always toll construction and tourism development as a considered as good. As indicated by Whitford and priority of national development. Tourism is one Ruhanen [5] that government intervention of the important industrial sectors and has great through tourism policies to mobilize market potential and opportunities to be developed. The growth and product development should not use development of tourism in developing countries, a one-for-all measure; it only demonstrates including Indonesia, is expected to help equalize sustainable retrograde rhetoric without steps the economic opportunities and hamper villagers concrete. Thus, policies need to utilize diversity, to migrate to the city [1]. This study showed the collaborative, coordinated and integrated, in the conditions of tourism development in remote capacity building of communities to achieve areas, problems and challenges faced and the sustainable tourism. Thus, it can be seen that the response of local governments to central implications of the implementation of tourism government policy. policies affect the sustainability of tourism.

*Correspondence address: Yerik Afrianto Singgalen Email: [email protected] Address: Politeknik Perdamaian Halmahera, Wari Ino, , North Halmahera, North Maluku, 97762.

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The implications of tourism policy on the and toward the implementation followed by a sustainability of the tourism sector can be seen strong understanding. Regarding the disposition from the monitoring and evaluation of policy of the implementer, the organizational structure directions and strategies of tourism develop- regulates the flow of work so that each has a duty ment. Scholar suggests that a critical approach in and no longer interfere with other tasks. Based on evaluation emphasizes the context of tourism this, the researcher will describe the performance development programs, the climate of evaluation in tourism policy implementation intervention, arrangement, evaluation context process in North Halmahera, Indonesia. and decision-making context in identifying market The public can participate in the decision- dimensions, stakeholders and programs that have making process at the stage of planning the been formulated [6]. It is necessary to know which development of a tourist attraction especially in parties are most benefited from the an effort to formulate a program of development implementation of policies, either local of tourism which is able to alleviate poverty as communities, the environment or stakeholders. demonstrated [14,15]. Through community Tourism policy should be integrated with the involvement in the decision-making process, the interests of local communities and stakeholders in community can determine the direction of the tourism, this will encourage inter-sectoral development. Even though, Li [16] shows that partnerships or collaborations so as to achieve local communities obtain economic benefits good governance and sustainable tourism [7]. without engaging in the planning process. In The evaluation of tourism policy is a strategy addition, Simpson [17] shows that community to achieve sustainable tourism, it can be seen involvement in the planning stages especially on from various development contexts. Just as the the decision-making process does not guarantee previous study suggested that an evaluation of the distribution of the profits evenly, but can tourism policy is needed to reduce economic cause a number of problems or conflict interest in growth as a result of tourism development that the program development. affects aspects of sustainability [8]. On the other The government as a driver of tourism hand, the evaluation of tourism policies can development seeks to increase public sustain business development, when climate participation in the tourism sector so that the change becomes a serious problem affecting policies formulated is a joint decision. Thus the tourism sustainability [9]. In addition, the sense of ownership of any tourism development importance of evaluating tourism policies and program becomes a motivation in overcoming their impacts on social and cultural aspects [10]. every impact of tourism activities. The problems Research on the evaluation of tourism policy has related to tourism policy are efforts to control the been done before [11,12]. However, the context corporation of travel business by foreign investors of policy implementation always yields different and migrant entrepreneurs [18]. Thus, to achieve results. an equitable distribution of benefits from the Pallewa uses George Edward III theory of tourism sector between local communities and communication, resources, disposition and other entrepreneurs, tourism policy is required. bureaucratic structure affecting tourism policy In the process of implementation of the policy implementation in North Toraja District [13]. on tourism, socio-cultural conditions of political, Communication is needed to establish personal economic, and also has a very important role. The interaction among tourism actors in expressing availability of resources, communication and the desire and plan of tourism program coordination, as well as socio-cultural conditions, implementation, as well as to reach prospects and politics and economics plays an important role in opportunities in the field of tourism-based the implementation of their development economy. In addition, adequate human resources programs [19]. In addition, evaluation is needed in terms of quality and quantity can support the to control the impact of tourism activities. implementation of tourism policy, thus Indraswara [20] have shown that in evaluating the contributing positively to the realization of tasks government performance, the efforts on the and responsibilities in every tourism development utilization potential of natural resources are to be program. projected with emphasis on the welfare of life. As for the process of disposition in the The existence of business accommodation has implementation of policies as outlined in the form exceeded the environment capacity thus lowering of work programs, the delivery of strategic ideas resources support and influence the ecosystem. It becomes a symbol of the ongoing disposition from means that, the challenge to achieve sustainable

[176] J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.6, No.3, September 2018 Tourism Destination in Remote Area (Singgalen et al) tourism is not only seen from the economic aspect established by the local government of Kakara but also social and environment sustainability. Island, Tagalaya Island, Kumo Island, Bobale The effort to achieve the goal of sustainable Island, Luari Beach, Talaga Duma, Talaga Paca, and tourism is to obtain economic, social and Mamuya Hot Spring. Access to research location environmental benefits by tourism policy as can be reached by researchers easily because of demonstrated in previous studies [21-25]. Thus it the availability of transportation modes and other can be seen that the program to optimize the public facilities that support the data retrieval economy, social and environment can be a process. strategy to achieve sustainable tourism. Data Collection MATERIALS AND METHOD At the data-taking stage, researchers need a The method used in this research is qualitative process of adjustment or adaptation with local with case study approach. This research communities in the eight leading tourist conducted in Kakara Island, Tagalaya Island, attraction. This process is done to build good Bobale Island, Kumo Island, Luari Beach, Paca relationships and communication so as not to Lake, Duma Lake, and Mamuya Hot Spring as the create a suspicious impression for the local priority in North Halmahera Tourism community. Development Program by local government. Case In the early stages of adaptation, researchers study approach is used to describe the problems position themselves as tourists who become and challenges in North Halmahera tourism customers at a restaurant or gathering place development process. The stages of this research residents in the environment of a tourist are divided into Preparatory Phase, Research attraction. Researchers began sharing stories and Location Setting Phase, Data Collection Process experiences while eating and drinking to create a Stage and Data Validation Process Stage. familiar atmosphere with local communities. The process is done repeatedly so that researchers Preparation Stage have an intense time to visit the location of the At the preparatory stage, the researchers attraction. In the adaptation process, researchers conducted scientific searches related to the selectively view potential individuals as key theme of tourism area in remote areas including informants. Key informants are selected taking rural areas even in the outer regions or borders of into account individual experience and knowledge Indonesia. Based on the theme, researchers set up related to the tourism development process. a research framework to describe the dynamics of Researchers also consider the educational tourism development in remote areas or background, occupation and residence of Indonesia's outermost regions to identify informants. problems and challenges facing local After finding the key informants in each of the governments, in particular, the Tourism Office. leading tourist attractions, researchers convey the Based on that, the researcher chose North intent and the real purpose of making a scientific Halmahera Regency located in the eastern part of article. This was reassured by an official research Indonesia and included border area between letter from North Halmahera District Government Indonesia and the Philippines. and supported by an official research letter from Study Area the university. Communication relationships that At the stage of determining the location of this have been built before, into consideration for the study, researchers consider the social and cultural key informants, thus they are willing to provide context of local communities including the information needed in depth. Thus, the language used to facilitate the process of data researchers set a time to meet specifically to retrieval. The results of the document of Regional discuss the various problems and challenges that North Halmahera Regency in 2011 showed that occur in the dynamics of development of North Halmahera Regency has 56 tourism attractions in Kakara Island, Tagalaya Island, potentials spread in each sub-district. Meanwhile, Kumo Island, Bobale Island, Luari Beach, Talaga the category of tourism potential includes natural Duma, Talaga Paca, and Mamuya Hot Spring. attractions, maritime and beaches, history, and After the in-depth interview process was culture. Considering the limitations of access and completed, the researcher along with the key coverage to all areas of regional tourism potential, informants visited the location of the tourist the researcher decided to focus on the pre- object to reassess or match the information that eminent tourist attraction that has been has been submitted with the actual condition (the

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physical condition of the environment). Some Furthermore, community-based approach is used informants described the conflict between the to increase the level of participation or local landowner and the village government, to the community involvement in the development misconception that the internal government process. In fact, there are obstacles and problems areas and their impact on the sustainability of arise in the implementation process. tourist attractions. The results of in-depth Table 1. Regional Regulation in North Halmahera Regency interviews indicate a problem that makes related to the Tourism Policy informants reluctant to publish their identity in Regional Regulated Matters the writing of scientific articles. Considering this, Regulation the researchers agreed not to publicize the No. 9 on 2013 Master Plan for Tourism Development of identity of informants to informants who did not North Halmahera Regency want to be published. This research only publishes No. 8 on 2016 The Establishment and Composition of the identity of informants who are willing. Thus, North Halmahera District No. 37 on 2016 Organizational Structure of Main Duty the data retrieval process can run well. Thus and Function of Tourism Office of briefly it can be said that Participants of this Halmahera Regency. research are local government officers (AU, YA, SP), Local Community (NN, JF, HH, PS, RB, TD, EK, The local government reform bureaucratic MP), Head of North Halmahera Tourism system in Tourism Department by displace the Department in 2015, (TS) and Head of North Cultural Sub-Department and establish Creative- Halmahera Tourism Department in 2016 (JBM). Economic Sub-Department as a strategy to enhance the development of tourism industries in Data Validation North Halmahera. According to North Halmahera At the stage of data validation, the researcher Master Plan for Regional Tourism Development uses triangulation technique by reconciling the 2011, the existence of cultural department information received with the actual conditions influences the theme of development even the and the results of the study document such as programs, which are dominated by cultural Regional Tourism Master Plan in 2011, the preservation. In 2016, the creative-economic Strategic Plan of the Tourism Department, and the department replaced the cultural department Medium Term Plan of the Tourism Agency. In based on North Halmahera Master Plan for order to fill the gap in the analysis, we also use the Regional Tourism Development 2016. document such as Tourism Destination Master Local Government provides funding system Plan in 2008 to sharpen the analysis in this study and utilize the human resources in the Tourism and find the constraints or problem in the Department to optimize the tourism policy implementation process. In addition, researchers implementation process. In addition, tourism also utilize information technology, especially development in North Halmahera is still immature social media and communications to trace the and the human resources as an expert in tourism information and ensure the information received are limited. However, the funding system suitable with the actual conditions. After the data supports all the programs to enhance sustainable validation process, the researcher narrates the tourism goals. research result about the performance evaluation Tourism Department utilizes funding support in the tourism policy implementation process. to develop human resources in tourism as an RESULT AND DISCUSSION expert. Unfortunately, in the early stages of Governmental Tourism Policy tourism development process, dispositions Local Government in North Halmahera District performance are not qualified as professionals has four main aspects in tourism policy and causes the lack of tourism development development, such as destination management programs in 2014 and 2015. In addition, low level policy, tourism industry policy, tourism marketing of coordination between local government and policy, and human resources development policy. local community causing problems in tourism It is included in the regulations in North development process such as land disputes. Thus, Halmahera Regency (Table 1). Policy formulated community involvement becomes essential in should be integrated with the needs of local as tourism development. demonstrated by several studies [26-30]. Local Albrecht [33] showed that partnerships as the Government plays an important role in the policy solution to solve problems and increase the level implementation process to achieve sustainable of participation. On the other hand, Jovicic [34] tourism development as demonstrated [31,32]. showed that the efforts to achieve sustainable

[178] J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.6, No.3, September 2018 Tourism Destination in Remote Area (Singgalen et al) tourism is inseparable from the support of the the boat larger (Pamboat) the price is also community, good governance reflected adequate different. Income derived from the tourism sector, tourism infrastructure. While Sakata and Prideaux quite good for village income. However, not long [35] showed that community involvement in the after that, we received information about a development of tourism in rural or remote area lawsuit from the landowner to the village, the has its own way in developing tourism, including lawsuit was processed by law to the court. Initially, governance system. the village won the battle, but when the landlord appealed, we lost. There was a misunderstanding Tourism Condition in North Halmahera between the Marine Office and the Tourism Office Problems arising from the lack of coordination because the building is a Marine Office's support with local communities are land disputes and not from the Tourism Office, but I do not really damaged facilities, such as the case of Kakara understand how it goes. The information I got Island in North Halmahera in Figure 1. Figure 1 from the government has lobbied with the shows that lack of coordination between local landlord but apparently, the landlord refuses to government and landowner causes problems such accept the offer of land acquisition and chooses to as land disputes and causes resistance of the local sell the land to another party at a cheaper price community to maintain tourism facility. than the government offers. After winning the case, the landowner immediately remodels the homestay building that has been built. Our constraint is that there are no stalls selling food so that when tourists come here, they bring their own food. If they do not bring their own food then their visit will not stay long". The local government program to provide restaurants for the local community in Tagalaya beach, Kumo beach, Kakara Island, Luari Beach, Duma Lake, Paca Lake, Mamuya hot Spring, and Figure 1. Tourism Facility in Kakara Island, North Halmahera, Indonesia on 2017 Bobale Beach has not been implemented. (Source: personal documentation) Nevertheless, local communities volunteer to participate as entrepreneurs and build their own The same case happend in Tagalaya Island, restaurants. It shows that local government was based on the results of the interview with SP as not able to provide tourism facilities. Based on in- the local community in Tagalaya Island shows that depth interviews with Ms. N, it can be seen that the problem of land disputes hamper the tourism support facilities in Mamuya Hot Spring development of tourism, as follows: still limited, as follows: "The problem in tourism development in Tagalaya "I am N’s mother, I have been nine years old was disrupted by land disputes. Before, we managing this tourist attraction. Since Mr. Sb lead villagers worked together to clean up the village the tourism official in North Halmahera District, he environment including making roads along the often comes and visits this place. Furthermore, coast to the bridge. When there was a visit from when Mrs. Mh lead the tourism officiall, she rarely the marine and fisheries department, we were comes here. This Land previously owned by local given assistance for tourism, they provide support people and they sold it to the government. But the in the form of homestay building as a supporter of problems still occur because the lack of tourism tourism. At that time, we agreed to build around infrastructure support, for example, there is no the bridge, the construction project went well until electricity here and trash bin are limited. it was done. We also have the community to Sometimes I have to argue about the tourist participate in the foundation construction in the behavior, they throw away trash or plastic bag north, which in the north are all the contribution into the hot spring. This habitual action becomes of society, we want tourism to grow. After the an obstacle because I have to make it clean every building is finished, the domestic and foreign day without payment. The local government still tourists began to visit, we had time to manage the find the solution about funding support to utilize entrance fee of 1000 IDR person but we usually the Mamuya Hot Spring destination management, calculate based on the boat used (Katinting) can but still on the process. We have to wait. All that reach 5000 IDR depending on the type of boat, if we have to do is selling the parking tickets, and

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cleaning the area. In the future, I hope the local products such as shells and craft. By community are able to participate and fill the providing opportunities for local communities in economic benefit of tourism development. the destination area, the communities are able to Especially for a woman in the village, we hope involve as merchants and able to maintain the there will be a place for them to sell their product security and preservation of an area. Further, the and increase their income.” lack of support and low level of participation can be threats to the sustainability of tourism in North Based on the results of interviews with N's Halmahera (Fig. 3). mother, it can be seen that there are limitations of local people to enjoy the results from the existence of the tourism sector. Without involving the local community in the develop-ment or maintenance of an infrastructure supporting tourism, then the potential damage to the infrastructure is higher. It can be seen from the bridge development program of Tagalaya, Talaga Paca, and Kakara that has been implemented but some of them are not well maintained, thus it is damaged.

Figure 3. The Condition of Tourism Infrastructure Support, in a) Bobale Island, b) Luari Beach, and c) Paca Lake (Source: Personal Documentation) In an effort to maintain the comfort of tourists in the location of tourist attractions, tourist security and vehicle security need to be improved. Security conditions in tourism destination of North Halmahera Regency show that the security settings in each tourist attraction are different. As Figure 2. The Physical Condition of the Bridge, in a) well as security arrangements at Kumo Beach, Tagalaya Beach Attractions, b) Kakara Island, Bobale Beach, Mamuya Hot Spring, Duma Lake, and c) Paca Lake and Paca Lake still rely on the awareness of (Source: Personal Documentation) tourists and local people to maintain security To keep the destination remain safe and clean, together. On the other hand, the security the involvement of local communities in the arrangements in Tanjung Kakara and Tagalaya development of tourism is becoming very Beach attractions are not sustainable due to important. By setting up the business area for constraints of land disputes. Unlike the case of local community, the citizen was given the security arrangements in Luari Beach attractions opportunity to gain income from tourism which involve local people as special officers to development. Due to the case of Tagalaya Beach safeguard the security of tourist vehicles, and Kakara island, constrained derived from involving authorities to maintain security at completion of land acquisition. On the other hand, tourist sites during peak/high season, and Paca Lake, Duma Lake, Mamuya Hot Spring, and involving National Agency for Search and Rescue Bobale Island were not provided area for locla (Basarnas) to keep tourists’ security who swim in communities. Unlike the case of Luari and Kumo Luari beach (Fig. 4). beach where local government provide an area In addition to security arrangements, hygiene for local communities. Compare to another arrangements are also not evenly distributed destination such as Bobale Island, local throughout the tourism destination of North community are not involved in tourism Halmahera Regency. Even though trash facilities development. However, there were community are available, not all tourist attractions have

[180] J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.6, No.3, September 2018 Tourism Destination in Remote Area (Singgalen et al) hygiene settings. The results of observation indicate that the arrangement of cleanliness at Tanjung Kakara Island tourist attraction, Bobale Beach, Tagalaya Beach, Paca Lake, and Duma Lake are not sustainable. On the other hand, the attractions of Kumo Beach, Mamuya Hot Spring and Luari Beach already have environmental hygiene arrangements at tourist sites. In the context of Duma Lake tourist attraction, waste bins facilities are available but the arrangements on environmental cleanliness are not sustainable (Fig. 5).

Figure 4. Security Setting in Luari Beach (Source: Personal Documentation) The price list for entrance to the destination is very varied, it can be seen from the difference of admission price to Luari Beach and Mamuya Hot Figure 5. Condition of Tourism infrastructure Support, in Spring. Arrangements for admission to Mamuya a) Bobale Beach, b) Duma Lake, c) Tagalaya Hot Spring attractions are not calculated based on Beach, d) Kumo Island, e) Kakara Island, f) Paca Lake, g) Luari Beach, and h) Mamuya Hot Spring the number of tourists but are based on vehicles (Source: Personal Documentation) used by tourists. Special two- and three-wheeled vehicles, charged 5000 IDR and for a four-wheeled Management of Tourist Destinations vehicle charged 20.000 IDR. Unlike the case with In the mapping problem of tourism, we Luari Beach attractions that set the price of identified some very essential matters in admission based on the number of tourists and organizing the task function Tourism Regional the type of vehicle used. Entrance fee per Work Unit. In includes the necessity of increasing individual charged 2000 IDR, for a two wheeled the number of foreign tourists, inadequate passenger ticket charged 3000 IDR; entrance construction and develop-ment tourist ticket of three-wheeled vehicles charged 5000 destinations (especially in the archipelago), the IDR, a four-wheeled vehicle ticket is charged need for increasing cultural festival, inadequate 20.000 IDR and the entrance ticket of a vehicle art and cultural facilities and infrastructure. It is with the type of truck or bus, is charged 30,000 not only for its optimal preservation of historic IDR. Meanwhile, ticket sales post has a distance of and cultural heritage objects, it is as well as the approximately 500 meters up to 1000 meters with need for an inventory of objects on historical and the location of the attraction. cultural heritage. The determination of entry fee based on the The need for an increase in the number of type of vehicle of tourists. It is also adjusted to the tourists is very important in order to increase the condition or area of the parking lot at the location income of the region. Cross-sector turnover of the tourist attraction. On the other hand, not ranging from transportation and accommodation all the tourism destinations has a parking lot through visits of tourists, become the challenges arrangement, as most are archipelago areas. for Tourism Office of North Halmahera Regency. Parking arrangements are only applied at Paca Therefore, partnerships between stakeholders in Lake attractions, Luari Beach and Mamuya Hot the field of tourism is needed. It is also essential Spring. to integrate all stakeholders in the development of North Halmahera tourism. In addition, Tourism

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Office also need the attempt to fix the supporting observation shows the region of Gotalamo, Kao, infrastructure tourism while also providing and Malifut as the location of the archaeological guidance for the people to realise Sapta Pesona site. Overall, there is 22 location distribution site around tourist attractions. that consists of 60 kinds of archaeological remains Since 2005-2016, Local Government of North (a pre-colonial period until colonial ). Halmahera Regency or Halmahera Tourism Office Direction of Tourism Development does not yet have a superior tourist destinations. In a preliminary report on Tourism Develop- According to the interview result with TS (2013- ment from Master Plan of North Halmahera 2015) and JBM (2016-2018) as the leader of Regency year 2008 recorded that the vision of Tourism Official shows that non of the tourism tourism development is to increase people's destination become superior because of land income and the area, improving the quality of disputes, lack of coordination with land-owning human resources, impartial on middle to bottom, communities, and low level of community entrepreneur partnership between regions, the participation. public and private sector employers, encouraging “The determination of regional tourism the increase of the role and contribution of the development priorities is still done unilaterally. We secondary economy, increase independence and seek to work with landowners to build tourism justice, guarantees the harmony of relations support facilities so that landowners gain among humans, the environment, and the economic benefit from tourist. Meanwhile, the Almighty. This indicates that the planning and government will get benefit from profit sharing development of tourism policy of North with landowners. But problems begin to appear Halmahera Regency emphasized three main when landowners refuse to continue cooperation aspects that are economically viable, socially with the government so that tourism development acceptable, and environmentally sustainable. planning that has been formulated in Regional Thus the knowable existence of North Halmahera Tourism Master Plan cannot be implemented. This tourism manifesting efforts sustainable happens in some tourist attraction such as ecotourism, marine-based history, and culture Tagalaya Island and Kakara Island. In addition, towards the welfare of the people. community participation is very low.” The effort to achieve the goal of tourism development as described in North Halmahera During this time, management of tourist tourism development vision is to obtain destinations in its development is still partial and economic, social and environmental benefits. in collaboration with the owner of the land. Thus, According to the interview result with JBM as the the management of tourist attractions still leader of Tourism Office 2016, shows that an belongs to a private property. This affects the effort to achieve economic benefits are made by revenue sharing area. In an effort to resolve the increasing the capacity of human resources in issue, the need for the acquisition of land for the tourism. construction of a tourism destination that is fully managed by the local government through the “We set strategies to improve the economy by Tourism Department of North Halmahera increasing the capacity or human resources Regency. development in terms of a creative economy. It is The importance to increase cultural festivals also supported by tourism policy by forming for tourism development is the globalization regional development of creative industries challenges for Tourism Office of North Halmahera department in tourism official to improve the Regency. On the other hand, to facilitate tourism entrepreneurial skill and spirit. Thus, infrastructure in the field of Arts and culture, people who live around the tourist attraction area Tourism Office of North Halmahera Regency will gain economic benefits. In addition, expertise attempt to complement the needs of art and in entrepreneurship is able to improve survival cultural facilities and infrastructure. skills and the ability to improve the welfare of In addition, in the context of North Halmahera, living standards. Economic sustainability will there are areas that have a history and cultural affect social and environmental condition. heritage objects, but not everything is well Therefore, we will start by forming partnerships documented. So far, there are 54 kinds of among tourism stakeholders.” historical relics are well documented. It can be Things that relate to the efforts to establish a seen from the results of the observation team of partnership between the regions, as well as Archaeology Hassanudin University in 2014. The

[182] J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.6, No.3, September 2018 Tourism Destination in Remote Area (Singgalen et al) cooperation among stakeholders through the creative economy enterprises or partners for tourism sector, has been discussed. It is related to entrepreneurs of tourism services; the the patterns of the partnership between local improvement of the quality and professionalism government, the private, and the public, which of tourism services as well as the trade policy showed an attempt to find solutions to the benefit makers in order to understand and manage of each party's interest by looking at the needs, destinations well. vision, and goal to make a deal with. In the context The theme of Tourism developement in North of community-based tourism, partnerships Halmahera is marine tourism and ecotourism. The between Governments and the private are consequences of establishing coastal tourism maintained, as well as the local communities. development themes are changes in coastal In the final report of the Regional Tourism environmental conditions [36]. Thus, it is Development Master Plan of North Halmahera necessary to conducted preventive steps to Regency year 2011, tourism development maintain environmental sustainability in coastal planning in Halmahera Regency is divided into areas. Coastal tourism development products are four parts, namely the tourism industry, tourism caught up in three S (Sun, Sea and Sand) that are destinations, tourism marketing, and institutional particularly susceptible to climate change, tidal tourism. Based on the foregoing, the and other impacts such as erosion and floods that implementation of community-based tourism indicate coastal environmental degradation [37]. approach that examined in this study focus on the To optimize the development of tourism, we need development of tourism destinations and to be built adequate access [38]. Komarsa tourism, especially at institutional empowerment explained that in order to achieve sustainability, a and the development of human resources. This priority scale of development is needed [39]. In indicates that the integration between concepts, this context, the local government can identify planning and policy became the basis of local economic develop-ments, tourism potentials, the government before building a partnership with efficiency of management. the various stakeholders in achieving the Furthermore, Iorio and Corsale [40] shows objectives of developing regional tourism. that partnerships as a strategy to address the The development direction of institutional and problems posed by changing environmental human resources in the final report of the conditions. This requires collaboration in Regional Tourism Development Master Plan of formulating strategies to maintain the North Halmahera Regency on 2011 focus on sustainability of the tourism sector [21,41,42]. To improving The human resources ability for the resolve the issues, local governments should staff and the leadership of the Tourism Official, establish partnership with the land owner. trade in partnership with other investors, tour act Other challenge in the process of tourism by the local community, improve the development is level of participation in the administrators’ awareness of the tour, a tour development process. Conflicts that occur due to guide and crafting entrepreneurship. The differences in global priority interests with the direction of development in capacity building of needs of local people in the tourism sector also human resources dominated the course of appeal affect the sustainability of tourism supporting or an apprenticeship in other areas. In addition, facilities and infrastructure [43]. Thus, it is counselling and coaching is focused on conscious necessary to conduct cooperation and efforts to group tours and tourist services or manager for adjust the interests of local government with the the object of tourism attraction. needs of local communities [44-50]. Thus it can be Even so, the direction of development is also seen that partnership becomes a strategy to considering an effort to develop a management achieve sustainable tourism. model that involves the local communities from CONCLUSION the planning process up to the monitoring and The results of this research indicate that the evaluation of development programs of interest. bureaucratic system, resources (human resources Policies and strategies to improve the quality of and sources of funding), the disposition of the human resources as well as the role of the commissioning, and the coordination was community in the development of tourism in instrumental in the process of implementation of North Halmahera Regency conducted as follows: the policy on tourism. The hampered implications socialization of tourism to improve the on the implementation of tourism policy are the understanding of local communities concerning lack of participation of the community and tourism and supporting aspects; develop the

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