Studi Komperatif : Aksi Protes Masyarakat Hong Kong Tahun 2014 Dan 2019)

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Studi Komperatif : Aksi Protes Masyarakat Hong Kong Tahun 2014 Dan 2019) PENOLAKAN MASYARAKAT HONG KONG TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH HONG KONG (STUDI KOMPERATIF : AKSI PROTES MASYARAKAT HONG KONG TAHUN 2014 DAN 2019) Oleh : Citra Mahotta br Sitepu 160906009 Dosen Pembimbing: Adil Arifin, S.Sos, M.A DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2021 Universitas Sumatera Utara i Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK CITRA MAHOTTA BR SITEPU (160906009) PENOLAKAN MASYARAKAT HONG KONG TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH HONG KONG (STUDI KOMPERATIF : AKSI PROTES MASYARAKAT HONG KONG TAHUN 2014 DAN 2019) Rincian isi Skripsi 133 halaman, 10 tabel, 21 gambar, 33 buku, 15 jurnal,56 situs internet, 12 artikel (Kisaran buku dari tahun 1898-2020) ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menguraikan tentang aksi protes politik masyarakat Hong Kong tahun 2014 dan 2019. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya kebijakan pemerintah Hong Kong yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 2014 dan 2019. Namun sejak dikeluarkannya kebijakan oleh pemerintah Hong Kong masyarakat Hong Kong melakukan aksi protes. Teori yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan penelitian adalah teori partisipasi politik dan teori gerakan sosial. Untuk teori partisipasi politik tokoh sentral yang dipakai adalah P. Hungtington dan Joan M. Nelson. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini bersifat studi pustaka menggunakan data sekunder dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber seperti dokumen negara, statistik dan laporan lembaga resmi, jurnal internasional, artikel internasional, buku cetak dan elektronik serta lembaga penelitian internasional Aksi protes politik masyarakat Hong Kong pada tahun 2014 dan 2019 merupakan aksi protes terbesar dalam sejarah Hong Kong. Kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Hong Kong menjadi latar belakang terjadinya aksi protes politik. Aksi protes politik tahun 2014 yang dikenal dengan ―Umbrella Movement‖ menuntut hak pilih universal terkait pemilihan kepala eksekutif pada tahun 2017 namun tuntutan tersebut tidak disetujui oleh kepala eksekutif yaitu Cheu. Sedangkan aksi protes politik tahun 2019 yang dikenal dengan ―anti- ELAB‖ menuntut dicabutnya RUU Ekstradisi yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Hong Kong yang mencantumkan wilayah China daratan dalam wilayah ekstradisi tambahan. Aksi protes politik tahun 2019 membuahkan hasil dimana RUU Ekstradisi secara resmi ditarik pada 23 Oktober 2019. Kata kunci : Aksi Protes, Hong Kong, Partisipasi Politik, Gerakan Sosial ii Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITY SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTEMNT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE CITRA MAHOTTA BR SITEPU (160906009) HONG KONG PEOPLE'S REJECTION OF HONG KONG GOVERNMENT POLICIES (COMPARATIVE STUDY: HONG KONG COMMUNITY PROTESTS IN 2014 AND 2019) Detailed thesis content 133 pages, 10 tables, 21 pictures, 33 books, 15 journals, 56 internet sites, 12 articles (range of books from 1898-2020) ABSTRACT This research attempts to describe the political protests of the Hong Kong people in 2014 and 2019. This occurred because of the Hong Kong government policies issued in 2014 and 2019. However, since the issuance of the Hong Kong government policy, the people of Hong Kong have staged protests. The theories used to explain the research are political participation theory and sosial movement theory. For the theory of political participation, the central figures used are P. Hungtington and Joan M. Nelson. The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive analysis. Research is a literature study using secondary data by collecting data from various sources such as state documents, statistics and official institution reports, international journals, international articles, printed and electronic books and international research institutions. The Hong Kong people's political protests in 2014 and 2019 were the largest protests in Hong Kong's history. The policies issued by the Hong Kong government formed a backdrop of political protests. The 2014 political protests known as the “Umbrella Movement” demanded universal suffrage over the 2017 chief executive election but the ban was not approved by the chief executive, Cheu. Meanwhile, the 2019 political protests known as "anti-ELAB" demanded the repeal of the Extradition Bill issued by the Hong Kong government, which is mainland China's territory in additional extradition territory. The 2019 political protests bore fruit where the Extradition Bill was officially withdrawn on 23 October 2019. Keywords: Protest Action, Hong Kong, Political Participation, Social Movement iii Universitas Sumatera Utara iv Universitas Sumatera Utara v Universitas Sumatera Utara Karya ini dipersembahkan untuk dunia akademik dan penggemar kajian politik Hong Kong vi Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena berkat rahmat, kasih karunia-Nya sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan judul : ―Penolakan Masyarakat Hong Kong Terhadap Kebijakan Pemerintah Hong Kong (Studi Komperatif : Aksi Protes Masyarakat Hong Kong Tahun 2014 dan 2019)‖. Skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam menempuh gelar Sarjana (S1) pada Program Sarjana Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Saya merasa sangat bersyukur karena saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan sangat baik dan dalam keadaan yang sehat walafiat, tidak kekurangan sesuatu apapun, dan selalu dicukupkan serta diberkati oleh Tuhan Yesus dalam perjalanan hidup saya dan dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. Dalam kesempatan ini, saya ingin mengucapkan terima kasih dari hati yang paling dalam kepada seluruh keluarga saya yang selama ini sudah mendukung saya dalam masa perkuliahan hingga saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Keluarga yang sekaligus sebagai motivator dan penyemangat saya dalam menjalani hari-hari perkuliahan dan juga penyemangat saya dalam kehidupan yang terkhusus saya ucapkan terima kasih dari hati paling dalam kepada kedua orangtua yaitu mamak saya Elly Nirmala Dewi br Sitanggang dan bapak saya Berdikari Sitepu yang selama ini selalu menjaga saya, memperhatikan saya, mensupport saya dan sudah merawat saya sampai saat ini. Tiada kata-kata yang cukup untuk mengucapkan terima kasih saya kepada kedua orangtua saya. Terima kasih nde selalu mensupport saya untuk menyelesaikan perkuliahan saya dan selalu mau direpotkan dalam hal apapun. Tak lupa juga terima kasih pak e, untuk segala apapun yang ada untuk mensupport pendidikan. Terima kasih keluarga kecilku yang selalu ada dan selalu menopang saya dalam hal apapun dan dalam keadaan apapun. Saya selalu mengucap syukur kepada Tuhan Yesus karena telah memberikan orangtua sehebat mereka. Tiada kata yang dapat saya sampaikan lagi selain terima kasih paling dalam kepada bapak dan mamak walaupun kita hanya bertiga tetapi kita akan selalu berjuang bersama dalam keadaaan susah dan senang. Saya juga berterima kasih kepada Bapak Adil Arifin, S.Sos., MA selaku dosen pembimbing saya, sekaligus orangtua, inspirator, motivator, dan juga tempat bertukar pikiran yang saya hormati. Berkat beliau, saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan sangat baik dan terima kasih juga saya ucapkan atas semua ilmu yang selama ini Bapak sampaikan kepada saya. Saya sangat bersyukur karena Bapak selalu bersabar dalam menghadapi saya meskipun dalam perjalanan skripsi saya ini banyak sekali kesalahan yang saya lakukan tetapi Bapak dengan sangat sabar membimbing saya hingga akhirnya skripsi ini boleh terselesaikan sampai akhir. Untuk setiap ilmu dan sharing yang sudah diberikan, saya ucapkan terima kasih pak sejak awal mulai perkuliahan dosen pembimbing saya ini merupakan salah satu dosen favorit saya karena selama berlajar dengan vii Universitas Sumatera Utara beliau banyak sekali hal-hal yang baru yang saya dapat dan sebagai dosen yang sangat disiplin. Dalam perjalanan kuliah hingga penulisan skripsi ini tidak terlepas juga dari peran pribadi-pribadi luarbiasa sebagai pengajar dan juga penyemangat saya yang menjadi bagian dari kehidupan saya, maka dari itu dalam kesempatan ini saya ingin menyampaikan terima kasih kepada : 1. Bapak Drs. Hendra Harahap, M.SI, Ph.D selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara yang sudah membimbing saya dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan baik. 2. Bapak Warjio, M.A, Ph.D selaku Kepala Jurusan Departemen Ilmu Politik Univeristas Sumatera Utara dan sekaligus sebagai motivator saya di kampus. Beliau adalah salah satu sosok yang selalu memberikan support, semangat, dan juga kata-kata positif setiap penulis menjumpai beliau. Terima kasih ya Pak. 3. Bapak Husnul Isa Harahap, S.Sos, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing saya selama PKL (Praktek Kerja Lapangan) di Jakarta yang sudah memberikan waktu dan tenaganya untuk membimbing kelompok saya selama kami PKL di Jakarta. Terima kasih juga saya ucapkan karena berkat bapak kami kelompok PKL dapat berjumpa dengan narasumber yang hebat-hebat dalam masa PKL. 4. Ibu Dr. Tengku Irmayani, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing akademik saya yang selalu memberi semangat kepada saya dan juga selalu memberikan nasihat yang positif agar saya dapat mempertahankan apa yang sudah saya dapatkan. 5. Dosen-dosen Ilmu Politik untuk berkat jasa dan pengajaran Bapak dan Ibu dosen kepada saya akhirnya saya dapat menyelesaikan perkuliahan dengan baik. 6. Staff/ Pengawai Departemen Ilmu Politik Bapak Burhan dan Kak Emma yang sudah memberikan hati, pikiran dan waktunya
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