THE CONTINUOUS PATH AMERIND STUDIES IN ANTHROPOLOGY Series Editor Christine R. Szuter AMERIND STUDIES IN ANTHROPOLOGY THE CONTINUOUS PATH PUEBLO MOVEMENT AND THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF BECOMING EDITED BY Samuel Duwe and Robert W. Preucel The University of Arizona Press www .uapress .arizona .edu © 2019 by The Arizona Board of Regents All rights reserved. Published 2019 ISBN- 13: 978- 0- 8165- 3928- 4 (cloth) Cover design by Sara Thaxton Cover art: Green Mobile © Victor Masayesva Jr. “Placing the green automobile (and the wreck in the yard) below the ancestral ruins at Kawestima asserts that we still live here at Kawestima. The seemingly empty, uninhabited ruins are in fact antici- pating our return. They are waiting for us when we return by foot, car, wind, cloud, rain, or memory. This is my tribute to the ancestors who have gone before and who await us, looking for the swirling dust that signifies our transport- time” (Victor Masayesva Jr., Husk of Time: The Photographs of Victor Masayesva, 91). Publication of this book is made possible in part by a subsidy from Brown University. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Duwe, Samuel, editor. | Preucel, Robert W., editor. Title: The continuous path : Pueblo movement and the archaeology of becoming / edited by Samuel Duwe and Robert W. Preucel. Other titles: Amerind studies in anthropology. Description: Tucson : The University of Arizona Press, 2019. | Series: Amerind studies in anthropology | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018040713 | ISBN 9780816539284 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Pueblo Indians—History. | Pueblo philosophy. Classification: LCC E99.P9 C728 2019 | DDC 978.9004/974—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018040713 Printed in the United States of America ♾ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48- 1992 (Permanence of Paper). In memory of Damian Garcia and Saul Hedquist Sadly, shortly before publication we received word of the untimely passing of two of this volume's contributors, Damian Garcia and Saul Hedquist, due to wholly unrelated circumstances. Damian, whose work and love for the history and culture of his community is illustrated in chapter , was the Pueblo of Acoma’s inaugural tribal historic preservation o¤cer. During his all too brief tenure, Damian was an advocate of an engaged cultural resource management approach, which respects his Pueblo’s traditional val- ues and views archaeology as a tool with which Acoma can fulll its sacred obligation to be a steward of its homeland and a trustee of its cultural inheritance. Saul’s work, re¥ected in his contribution to chapter , embodies the best of contemporary archaeology: solid empirical research framed through a lens of collaboration and respect. He embraced a holistic approach to anthropology that included conducting ethnography for and with the Hopi and other tribes and employing cutting-edge archaeological science, the latter of which was informed by his deep appreciation for the landscapes and histories of the Pueblo people. ese ne men will be dearly missed by their many friends and col- leagues. It is with deep respect and fondness for Saul and Damian that we dedicate this book to their memory. ere is a song which goes like this: Let us go again, brother; let us go for the shiwana. Let us make our prayer songs. We will go now. Now we are going. We will bring back the shiwana. ey are coming now. Now, they are coming. It is ¥owing. e plants are growing. Let us go again, brother; let us go for the shiwana. A man makes his prayers; he sings his songs. He considers all that is im- portant and special to him, his home, children, his language, the self that he is. He must make spiritual and physical preparation before anything else. Only then does anything begin. A man leaves, he encounters all manners of things. He has adventures, meets people, acquires knowledge, goes di¨erent places; he is always look- ing. Sometimes the traveling is hazardous; sometimes he nds meaning and sometimes he is destitute. But he continues; he must. His traveling is a prayer as well, and he must keep on. A man returns, and even the returning has moments of despair and trag- edy. But there is beauty and there is joy. At times he is confused, and at times he sees with utter clarity. It is all part of the traveling that is a prayer. ere are things he must go through before he can bring back what he seeks, before he can return to himself. e man comes and falls. e shiwana have heeded the man, and they have come. e man has brought back the rain. It falls, and it is nourish- ing. e man returns to the strength that his selfhood is, his home, people, his language, the knowledge of who he is. e cycle has been traveled; life has beauty and meaning, and it will continue because life has no end. —Simon J. Ortiz, “Prologue” CONTENTS Preface xi Introduction: Engaging with Pueblo Movement Robert W. Preucel and Samuel Duwe Part I. On Becoming . Movement as an Acoma Way of Life Damian Garcia and Kurt F. Anschuetz . Movement Encased in Tradition and Stone: Hemish Migration, Land Use, and Identity Paul Tosa, Matthew J. Liebmann, T. J. Ferguson, and John R. Welch . Anshe K’yan’a and Zuni Traditions of Movement Maren P. Hopkins, Octavius Seowtewa, Graydon Lennis Berlin, Jacob Campbell, Chip Colwell, and T. J. Ferguson . Tewa Origins and Middle Places Samuel Duwe and Patrick J. Cruz . To and From Hopi: Negotiating Identity rough Migration, Coalescence, and Closure at the Homol’ovi Settlement Cluster Samantha G. Fladd, Claire S. Barker, E. Charles Adams, Dwight C. Honyouti, and Saul L. Hedquist Part II. Always Becoming . Seeking Strength and Protection: Tewa Mobility During the Pueblo Revolt Period Joseph Aguilar and Robert W. Preucel x Contents . Apache, Tiwa, and Back Again: Ethnic Shifting in the American Southwest Severin Fowles and B. Sunday Eiselt . Moving Ideas, Staying at Home: Change and Continuity in Mid- Eighteenth- Century Tewa Pottery Bruce Bernstein, Erik Fender, and Russell Sanchez . Toward the Center: Movement and Becoming at the Pueblo of Pojoaque Samuel Villarreal Catanach and Mark R. Agostini . Getting Accustomed to the Light Joseph H. Suina Commentary: Pueblo Perspectives on Movement and Becoming Paul Tosa and Octavius Seowtewa Contributors Index PREFACE is book is the result of our desire to rethink aspects of southwestern archaeology by taking Pueblo conceptions of history and philosophy seri- ously. With this goal in mind, we invited Native and non-Native scholars and community members who are leaders in collaborative archaeologies to join us in a session titled “Pueblo Movement and the Archaeology of Becoming” at the nd Annual Meeting () of the Society for Amer- ican Archaeology (SAA) in Vancouver, British Columbia. Our aim was to present a series of collaborative papers of wide geographical breadth (from Hopi to Taos) that explored Pueblo movement and history and that emphasized continuities from ancient times to the present day. We are particularly indebted to T. J. Ferguson, who graciously helped to shape the session, particularly in connecting us with new colleagues (and new friends) and in assisting Paul Tosa and Octavius Seowtewa in preparing their comments. We also thank Tobi Brimsek, the former executive di- rector of the SAA, who reduced the costs of attending the meeting for our non- archaeologist Pueblo colleagues. e original session included most of the authors in this volume, as well as a wonderful paper by Porter Swentzell, who unfortunately had obligations that precluded him from being included here. However, anyone who was in the room that urs- day morning will never forget his telling of the story of Turkey Girl and its connection to the importance of Tewa places. We were delighted with the vigorous discussions that began at the SAA session (both during the question- answer portion and afterward) and were thrilled to be invited to continue these at an SAA Amerind Seminar. e resulting workshop, held over four days in September at the Amerind Foundation in in Dragoon, Arizona, was among the most intellectually and emotionally satisfying experience of our academic ca- reers. e participants were both Pueblo and non- Pueblo, and although we had di¨erent backgrounds and life experience, all were passionate about Pueblo history. Our dialogue, steeped in archaeological language, was guided by the interests and concerns of our Pueblo colleagues. In xii Preface particular, Paul Tosa and Octavius Seowtewa played an integral role in highlighting the essential conceptual elements of this project. eir ex- perience as participants in the seminar is recounted in the nal chapter, which can also be read as an alternative introduction to this volume. We wish to thank Christine Szuter, the director of the Amerind Foundation, for providing a supportive environment and being one of the biggest champions of this project. We wish to thank two Pueblo artists whose creative practices con- tinue to inspire us. First, we thank Victor Masayesva Jr. for the image we have used on the cover of the book. is image appears in his book of photography Husk of Time: e Photographs of Victor Masayesva. We were drawn to this image because of the way it juxtaposes senses of time, space, and technology. is image happens to be a favorite of Sev Fowles and, indeed, he brought it to our attention. Second, we thank Simon Ortiz for allowing us to publish his poem “Prologue” from his amazing book Woven Stone. is poem beautifully expresses the idea of movement as a prayer, linking lives, shiwana, clouds, rain, and growth in the endless cycle of Pueblo life. e process of transforming our thoughtful discussions into the book you are holding now required an enormous e¨ort by a large number of people.