Chapter I Influence of Morphogenesis and Connecting with a River on A
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THE BUG RIVER VALLEY for NATURE LOVERS Eastern Poland with a Difference
THE BUG RIVER VALLEY FOR NATURE LOVERS Eastern Poland with a difference By Olivier Dochy, Belgium From 21st until 25th of June, I got the chance to join a study visit to the valley of the Bug river on the border of Poland and Belarus, in the far east of Poland. The purpose of this visit was tot evaluate local initiatives for sustainable tourism, oriented to "riverside & country- side" tourism. This visit was organized by a Flemish-Polish exchange project with the prov- inces of West-Vlaanderen en Lubelski (Poland), but also the flemish initiative vzw De Boot (www.deboot.be). My task was to evaluate which topics in the region could be interesting for nature-lovers in general and keen nature-specialists in particular, such as birders. Well, there is a lot ! It is not like the wild expanses of the well-known Biebrza valley or the untouched forests of Bia- lowieza, but rather a small-scale (agri)cultural landscape. But it still has all the biodiversity that once flourished in Western-Europe and now all (but) disappeared. Here follow a number of tips voor those who want to visit the region. There is a lot of in- formation great and small on the internet about the region, but you have to surf a lot to find it all. Anyway, there certainly is a lot to discover for naturalists with a pioneer drive ! You can find pictures of our visit here: http://picasaweb.google.com/Odee.fotos/BugRiverPoland?feat=directlink 1 WHERE IS IT ? The province of Lubelski is in the extreme east of Poland. -
Forestry in Poland with Special Attention to the Region of the Pomeranian Young Moraine
AFSV Forstwirtschaft und Standortkartierung Waldoekologie online Heft 2 Seite 49 - 58 9 Fig., 2 Tab. Freising, Oktober 2005 Forestry in Poland with special attention to the region of the Pomeranian Young Moraine Marcin S z y d l a r s k i Abstract In the year 2004 the ASFV celebrated its 50th anniversary holding a conference in Sulęczyno, Kartuzy. This event offered the possibility to give an actual overview of forest resources and forest functions in Poland. The excursions of the meeting focused on the fascinating, diversified forest landscape formed by the Pomeranian phase of the Baltic glaciation. The Kartuzy Forest District is situated in the heart of the Kashubian Lakeland and the moraine hills. The landscape is not only characterized by the natural occurrence of Baltic beech forests but also by high diversity of soils and meso- and microclimatic de- viations providing habitats for rare plant species, including some plants typical of mountain regions. The tree species combination of the District is formed by pine, spruce, and beech. The oldest parts of the forests are legally protected as nature reserves. I. POLISH FOREST RESOURCES At the end of the 18th century the Polish forest area comprised about 40%, nowadays forests in Po- land cover approximately 8,942,000 hectares, which is 28.6% of an overall country area. According to international standards (FAO Forestry Department) and tests on economic forestry areas, the wooded area in Poland comprises more than 9,040,000 hectares, which is as many as 30% forest cover and is close to Central European average (www.fao.org/forestry/site/18308/en/pol). -
Floods in Poland from 1946 to 2001 — Origin, Territorial Extent and Frequency
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers, 15 (2004): 69–76 Proceedings of the Conference “Risks caused by the geodynamic phenomena in Europe” FLOODS IN POLAND FROM 1946 TO 2001 — ORIGIN, TERRITORIAL EXTENT AND FREQUENCY Andrzej DOBROWOLSKI1, Halina CZARNECKA1, Janusz OSTROWSKI1, Monika ZANIEWSKA1 Abstract. Based on the data concerning floods on the territory of Poland during the period 1946–2001, the reasons generating floods, the number of regional floods in the rivers catchment systems, and sites of local floods occurrence, were defined. Both types of floods: caused by riverbank overflows, and land flooding by rain or snow-melt water, were considered. In the most cases, the floods were caused by rainfall. They were connected with changes in the rainfall structure within Po- land. In each season of the year floods of various origin were observed. When the flood initiating factors appeared simulta- neously, the flood grew into a catastrophic size. In present analysis, for the first time in Poland, a large group of local floods has been distinguished. A special attention has been paid to floods caused by sudden flooding of the land (flash flood), including floods in the urban areas — more and more frequent during the recent years. The results of the analyses have provided important data for the assessment of the flood hazard in Poland, and for the creation of a complex flood control strategy for the whole country and/or for selected regions. Key words: flood, classification of floods, floods territorial extent, frequency of floods occurrence, torrential and rapid rain- fall, threat of life, material losses. Abstrakt. Na podstawie zbioru danych z lat 1946–2001 okreœlono przyczyny wystêpowania powodzi w Polsce, liczbê powodzi re- gionalnych w uk³adzie zlewni rzecznych oraz miejsca wyst¹pieñ powodzi lokalnych. -
Sediment Yields and Denudation Rates in Poland
Erosion and Sediment Yield: Global and Regional Perspectives (Proceedings of the Exeter Symposium, July 1996). IAHS Publ. no. 236, 1996. 133 Sediment yields and denudation rates in Poland JAN BRAÑSKI Research and Design Office HYDROS, ul. Somleñskiego 16 B m.58, 01 698 Warsaw, Poland KAZIMIERZ BANASIK Department of Hydraulic Structures, Warsaw Agricultural University SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland Abstract In Poland, there are many 40-year records of suspended sedi ment transport. These records have been used to estimate the intensity of denudation processes over the territory of Poland. The denudation index, expressed in t km’2 year’1, was calculated for many river basins, using data from 50 river gauging stations. The results are presented in the form of maps of denudation rates over the territory of Poland for four decades during the period 1951-1990. INTRODUCTION One of the first studies of the intensity of denudation processes in the Vistula river basin was carried out by Jarocki (1957). Based on hydrological measurements at the Tczew gauge during the period 1946-1953, he concluded that the average value of the denuda tion index (i.e. total sediment yield/river basin area) was 81 km’2 year’1. The first maps of the spatial differentiation of the denudation index across Poland were produced indirectly, by using a map of potential soil erosion published by Reniger (1959). Two versions of such maps were produced using this approach by Dçbski (1959) and Skibinski (1959). The results of Skibinski’s investigation, which dealt only with suspended sediment, in contrast to Dçbski’s investigation which also included bed load, showed considerable spatial differentiation of the denudation index, particularly in the zone of the south Polish uplands, with values ranging from ca 10 to 160 t km"2 year’1. -
The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During World War II: an International Legal Study, 45 Case W
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 45 | Issue 3 2012 The rC ime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II: An International Legal Study Karol Karski Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Karol Karski, The Crime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II: An International Legal Study, 45 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 703 (2013) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol45/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 45 Spring 2013 Issue 3 The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During WWII: An International Legal Study Karol Karski Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law·Vol. 45·2013 The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During World War II: An International Legal Study Karol Karski* The USSR’s genocidal activity against the Polish nation started before World War II. For instance, during the NKVD’s “Polish operation” of 1937 and 1938, the Communist regime exterminated about 85,000 Poles living at that time on the pre- war territory of the USSR. -
Operational Challenges to Port Interfaces in the Multi-Modal Transport Chain (Maritime and Hinterland Connections)
Operational Challenges to Port Interfaces in the Multi-modal Transport Chain (Maritime and Hinterland Connections) 2013 Table of contest Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4 PART I EVALUATION OF THE EXISTING SITUATION .................................................... 5 1. Research methodology ....................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Setting the Criteria ....................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Selection of indicators ............................................................................................... 11 2. Latvian ports ..................................................................................................................... 21 2.1 Freeport of Riga ......................................................................................................... 22 2.2 Port of Liepaja ........................................................................................................... 33 2.3 Port of Ventspils ........................................................................................................ 38 3. Lithuanian ports ................................................................................................................ 43 3.2 Port of Klaip ėda ........................................................................................................ -
Die Spätpleistozäne Bis Frühholozäne Beckenentwicklung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern - Untersuchungen Zur Stratigraphie, Geomorphologie Und Geoar- Chäologie
GREIFSWALDER GEOGRAPHISCHE ARBEITEN ___________________________________________________________________________ Geographisches Institut der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald Band 24 Die spätpleistozäne bis frühholozäne Beckenentwicklung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern - Untersuchungen zur Stratigraphie, Geomorphologie und Geoar- chäologie von Knut Kaiser GREIFSWALD 2001 _______________________________________________________________________ ERNST-MORITZ-ARNDT-UNIVERSITÄT GREIFSWALD Impressum ISBN: 3-86006-183-6 Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald Herausgabe: Konrad Billwitz Redaktion: Knut Kaiser Layout: Knut Kaiser Grafik: Petra Wiese, Knut Kaiser Herstellung: Vervielfältigungsstelle der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, KIEBU-Druck Greifswald Kontakt: Dr. Knut Kaiser, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Geographisches Institut, Jahnstraße 16, D-17487 Greifswald, e-mail: [email protected] ________________________________________________________________________________________ Für den Inhalt ist der Autor verantwortlich. Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 5 1. Einführung 7 1.1 Allgemeines 7 1.2 Spezielle Fragestellungen 8 2. Methodik 11 2.1 Geländearbeiten 11 2.2 Laborarbeiten 12 3. Paläoklimatische, stratigraphische und paläogeographische Grundlagen 15 3.1 Spätpleistozäne bis frühholozäne Klimaentwicklung im nördlichen Mitteleuropa 15 3.2 Regionale Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie 16 3.2.1 Stratigraphie 16 3.2.2 Paläogeographie 18 3.3 Regionale Radiokohlenstoffdaten 20 3.3.1 Allgemeines 20 3.3.2 Datenvorlage 22 3.3.3 Auswertung 24 -
Malacofauna in Oxbow Lakes of the Bug River Within the Nadbuĩaēski Landscape Park
Teka Kom. Ochr. Kszt. ĝrod. Przyr. – OL PAN, 2013, 10, 132–142 MALACOFAUNA IN OXBOW LAKES OF THE BUG RIVER WITHIN THE NADBUĩAēSKI LANDSCAPE PARK Beata Jakubik, Krzysztof Lewandowski Institute of Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities B. Prusa str. 12, 08-110 Siedlce, [email protected], [email protected] Co-financed by National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management Summary. Malacofauna was studies in six oxbow lakes situated in the NadbuĪaĔski Landscape Park between the outlets of two confluents of the Bug River – the Liwiec and Nurzec. The water bodies are of different hydrological regime, from throughflow to isolated lakes. From 9 to 18 mollusc taxa were noted there. Oxbow lakes connected with the Bug had a higher species richness than those long ago permanently isolated from the river. Particularly large share in malacofauna of connected oxbow lakes had bivalves of the family Unionidae, Dreissena polymorpha and snails of the family Viviparidae. Protected species were found among studied molluscs. Studies carried out in two periods 2003–2004 and 2007–2011 showed small differences in species composition of malacofauna. Key words: NadbuĪaĔski Landscape Park, oxbow lakes, molluscs INTRODUCTION The NadbuĪaĔski Landscape Park occupies a 120-km long part of natural valley of the Bug River, where a meandering river channel is accompanied by numerous oxbow lakes [Dombrowski et al. 2002]. Ecology of these oxbow lakes was poorly recognised though the interest in such water bodies has markedly increased recently. This pertains mainly to rivers of eastern Poland – the Bug and Narew [see e.g. Górniak 2001, Biesiadka and Pakulnicka 2004, Jurkiewicz- -Karnkowska 2006, 2011, Lewandowski 2006, Strzaáek 2006, GruĪewski 2008]. -
ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA Vol
ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA Vol. XV Fa.sc. Suppl. Szczecin 1985 Ryszard BARTEL DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATIONS OF TAGGED RAINBOWTROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERIRICH.) RELEASEDTO THE BALTIC SEA ROZSIEDLENIE I Wf;DROWKI ZNAKOWANYCH PSTR,\GOW T�CZOWYC:H (SALMO GAIRDNERIRICH) WYPUSZCZONYCH DO BALTYKU Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn Laboratoryof River Fisheries,Gdansk-Oliwa 41502 tagged rainbow trouts were released into the Baltic Sea, mainly to the Gulf of Gdansk, and to some Polish rivers, mainly to the River Vistula. 2504 returns from "older" fishes and 1486 from "younger" fishes made it possible to determine distribution and migrations of the released fishes. Rainbow trouts migrated all over the Baltic Sea, but most were caught in the Gulf of Gdansk and in coastal Polish waters. They were also fairly abundant in Danish Straits, and single specimens were caught in the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, The fishes tended to migrate westward. This trend was more pronounced in the fishes released at Jastarnia. Site of release and fish age affected the distribution and migrations of rainbow trout. INTRODUCTION Introductions of rainbow trout into the Baltic Sea, carried out since 1964, showed that the fishes adapted quite well to the new conditions, and were caught by Polish fishermen as well as by Baltic fishermen from other countries (Bartel 1973). The objective of studies was to determine the distribution and migrations of tagged rainbow trout, and of the factors influencing this distribution. 22 RyszardBart el MATERIAL AND METHOD 41502 tagged rainbow trouts were released in 1963-1980. The fishes were at the age of O+, 1 and 2 years, of body length 11-49 cm. -
West Water Way Study Program
Preliminary Assessment of the Proposed East-West Waterway Scheme in Poland Prepared for WWF’s European Freshwater Programme by Wieslaw Dembek · Adam Jacewicz · Tomasz Okruszko Warsaw, June 2000 Prepared for WWF’s European Freshwater Programme Preliminary Assessment of the Proposed East-West Waterway Scheme in Poland Wieslaw Dembek Department for Nature Protection in Rural Areas Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming in Falenty Adam Jacewicz HYDROPROJEKT Warsaw Tomasz Okruszko Department of Hydraulic Engineering Warsaw Agricultural University Warszawa, June 2000 Cover photographs J Madgwick, WWF European Freshwater Programme Top – Middle Vistula River Bottom – River Bug Preface This report was prepared by three independent Polish experts in the fields of ecology, hydro- engineering and hydrology on behalf of WWF Internationals’ European Freshwater Programme. It was commissioned due to the growing concerns by WWF, IUCN and Polish environmental NGO’s regarding plans for the development of the Vistula, Odra, Warta, Notec and Bug rivers in the context of an East-West waterway scheme. This waterway scheme is currently under consideration by the Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment group for the European Commission, (TINA) that assesses transport needs for EU Accession countries. It is considered by many that the engineering works necessary for the East-West waterway development could be devastating for rivers and wetlands in central and eastern Europe. In recognition of this threat, Resolution VII.12 of the Conference of Contracting Parties of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands COP7 (1999) called on the States concerned "to undertake a full review and assessment of these impacts, in accordance with international transboundary impact assessment procedures". -
Maps -- by Region Or Country -- Eastern Hemisphere -- Europe
G5702 EUROPE. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G5702 Alps see G6035+ .B3 Baltic Sea .B4 Baltic Shield .C3 Carpathian Mountains .C6 Coasts/Continental shelf .G4 Genoa, Gulf of .G7 Great Alföld .P9 Pyrenees .R5 Rhine River .S3 Scheldt River .T5 Tisza River 1971 G5722 WESTERN EUROPE. REGIONS, NATURAL G5722 FEATURES, ETC. .A7 Ardennes .A9 Autoroute E10 .F5 Flanders .G3 Gaul .M3 Meuse River 1972 G5741.S BRITISH ISLES. HISTORY G5741.S .S1 General .S2 To 1066 .S3 Medieval period, 1066-1485 .S33 Norman period, 1066-1154 .S35 Plantagenets, 1154-1399 .S37 15th century .S4 Modern period, 1485- .S45 16th century: Tudors, 1485-1603 .S5 17th century: Stuarts, 1603-1714 .S53 Commonwealth and protectorate, 1660-1688 .S54 18th century .S55 19th century .S6 20th century .S65 World War I .S7 World War II 1973 G5742 BRITISH ISLES. GREAT BRITAIN. REGIONS, G5742 NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. .C6 Continental shelf .I6 Irish Sea .N3 National Cycle Network 1974 G5752 ENGLAND. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G5752 .A3 Aire River .A42 Akeman Street .A43 Alde River .A7 Arun River .A75 Ashby Canal .A77 Ashdown Forest .A83 Avon, River [Gloucestershire-Avon] .A85 Avon, River [Leicestershire-Gloucestershire] .A87 Axholme, Isle of .A9 Aylesbury, Vale of .B3 Barnstaple Bay .B35 Basingstoke Canal .B36 Bassenthwaite Lake .B38 Baugh Fell .B385 Beachy Head .B386 Belvoir, Vale of .B387 Bere, Forest of .B39 Berkeley, Vale of .B4 Berkshire Downs .B42 Beult, River .B43 Bignor Hill .B44 Birmingham and Fazeley Canal .B45 Black Country .B48 Black Hill .B49 Blackdown Hills .B493 Blackmoor [Moor] .B495 Blackmoor Vale .B5 Bleaklow Hill .B54 Blenheim Park .B6 Bodmin Moor .B64 Border Forest Park .B66 Bourne Valley .B68 Bowland, Forest of .B7 Breckland .B715 Bredon Hill .B717 Brendon Hills .B72 Bridgewater Canal .B723 Bridgwater Bay .B724 Bridlington Bay .B725 Bristol Channel .B73 Broads, The .B76 Brown Clee Hill .B8 Burnham Beeches .B84 Burntwick Island .C34 Cam, River .C37 Cannock Chase .C38 Canvey Island [Island] 1975 G5752 ENGLAND. -
Waterways – in Reference to the Previous Comments
WATER MANAGEMENT mgr inż. Marek MAZURKIEWICZ DOI: 10.15199/180.2019.2.5 MSc. water construction WATERWAYS – IN REFERENCE TO THE PREVIOUS COMMENTS DROGI WODNE – W NAWIĄZANIU DO WCZEŚNIEJSZYCH UWAG Summary: The comments to the assumptions for development of waterways in Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono uwagi do zamierzeń rozwoju dróg Poland, as submitted in the article entitled „Expertise on the development of inland wodnych w Polsce przedstawionych w artykule pt. „Ekspertyza w zakresie rozwoju waterways in Poland in the years 2016-2020 with the perspectives up to 2030” have śródlądowych dród wodnych w Polsce na lata 2016-2020 z perspektywą do roku been presented. The conception of implementing another (authorial) solution together 2030”. Zaproponowano koncepcję realizacji innego (autorskiego) rozwiązania wraz with the arguments, supporting the mentioned proposals has been suggested. z argumentacją uzasadniającą te propozycje. Keywords: waterways, conceptions, perspectives for implementation Słowa kluczowe: drogi wodne, koncepcje, perspektywy realizacji Introduction Fig. 1. Category E inland waterways in Poland When formulating the comments, I utilized the elaboration of the Ministry of Marine Economy and Inland Navigation, dating to 2006 entitled “Expertise on development of inland waterways in Poland in the years 2016-2020 with the perspectives up to 2030”. The mentioned expertise was the basis for undertaking the Resolution no 79 of the Council of Ministers of 14, June 2016 (Polish Monitor of 2016, item 711). The present text refers to the article “Waterways – some remarks” published in the monthly “Gospodarka Wodna” no 6/2019 and to my earlier articles. I have worked in hydro engineering for almost 60 years, so, based upon my previous experience I confirm the maxim of my older colleagues- professionals about running the national water management “from flood to drought and from drought to flood”.