Cómo Funciona El VTEC [Editar]Ventajas Del VTEC [Editar

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Cómo Funciona El VTEC [Editar]Ventajas Del VTEC [Editar VTEC, sigla de Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control, es un sistema de distribución variable de las válvulas de un motor de cuatro tiempos, desarrollado por la marca Honda e introducido al mercado en abril de 1989 Cómo funciona el VTEC El VTEC consiste en emplear una tercera leva adicional por cilindro en árbol de levas que entra en funcionamiento a partir de un cierto régimen de giro al hacerse solidario el balancín que debe moverla con los que accionan las otras dos levas, gracias a la presión del aceite. Esta leva pasa a controlar las válvulas de admisión y de escape, variando tiempo de apertura y alzado. Esta leva adicional está controlada electrónicamente y es más agresiva que las normales, es por ello que también se la llama leva caliente. Honda utiliza dos tipos de distribución VTEC: en admisión y escape para los motores de doble árbol, y sólo en admisión para los motores monoárbol, aunque en este segundo caso existe una variante denominada VTEC-E específicamente adaptada para un motor que funciona con mezcla escasa o pobre. Este mecanismo es capaz de controlar la variación de la admisión en los motores de un árbol en cabeza SOHC y la variación de admisión y escape en los motores DOHC de doble árbol en cabeza. Cuando se pisa el acelerador, las revoluciones del motor se incrementan y la unidad de control electrónica recibe la señal del sensor de posición del acelerador informando mediante señales analógicas que se requiere de mayor potencia y la unidad de control procesa esa información mediante un lenguaje binario de compuertas lógicas y envía una señal a manera de orden mediante el paso de voltaje a un actuador electro válvula que permite el paso del aceite del motor lo que permite se accione una leva de mayor dimensión abriendo las válvulas de admisión con una mayor carrera permitiendo el paso de flujo de masa de aire incrementando su poder de detonación lo cual genera una mayor potencia en el cigueñal lo que se transmite a las ruedas traduciéndose en un incremento de aceleración en el vehículo. [editar]Ventajas del VTEC La potencia, el par y el régimen de giro de un motor son proporcionales. La ventaja del VTEC reside en ofrecer un buen par a un régimen bajo -que es donde más se necesita- y mucha potencia a altas revoluciones. El mecanismo está controlado por un sistema electrónico que se encarga de regular la variación de la apertura de las válvulas según sea necesario, de esta forma se alarga el recorrido de apertura de las válvulas con tal de aumentar la entrega de potencia y se limita para contener el consumo de combustible, de forma variable. El resultado de todo ello da un motor económico cuando se conduce de forma moderada y un motor potente con una entrega deportiva en el momento que se pisa el acelerador. Es por ello que el VTEC, además de depender de las revoluciones, también depende en gran medida de la forma de conducir, ya que permite al conductor controlar el mecanismo con el pedal del acelerador. [editar]Cómo surgió el "VTEC" El mecanismo fue diseñado por Ikuo Kajitani cuando trabajaba en el primer departamento de diseño de Honda. Entonces Nobuhiko Kawamoto era el presidente y le solicitó a Ikuo Kajitani que desarrollara un motor que fuera la base de los futuros motores de la compañía nipona. En un principio la propuesta surgió para crear un motor ligeramente más eficiente y más potente de lo normal, pero pronto Kawamoto presionó a Kajitani para que desarrollara un motor de 1.6 litros con 160cv de potencia (100cv/l) en una época en la que los motores erogaban un máximo de 70 u 80cv con ese mismo cubicaje. La inspiración del VTEC es simple; se fija en el cuerpo humano y su sistema respiratorio. Cuando los humanos estamos en reposo, sentados, parados o inclusive caminando, nuestro sistema respiratorio consume poco aire, ya que nuestros músculos y cerebro requieren una cantidad moderada de oxígeno en ese momento. Cuando corremos o estamos bajo un estado estresante para el cuerpo, nuestros pulmones se abren (bronco dilatación) permitiendo una mayor oxigenación. De esta forma nuestro cuerpo se llena de oxigeno cuando lo necesita y conforme lo necesita, sin la necesidad de sobresaltar los pulmones en todo momento. Cuando a Kajitani le pidieron un motor de 1600cm³ con 160cv, él dijo "It felt like a dream" (Parecía un sueño) ya que incluso para su ingenio esas cifras sonaban casi imposibles, pero cuando se introdujo el Honda Integra en abril de 1989 con motor DOHC VTEC, las palabras de Kajitani fueron "It was a true dream engine" (Era un verdadero motor de ensueño). De ahí el lema de "Honda, The power of Dreams" (El poder de los sueños). [editar]Variaciones del VTEC En la actualidad todos los modelos de Honda usan esta tecnología e incluso en botes y motos de Honda con variaciones como el Hyper VTEC. Además de los motores SOHC VTEC y DOHCVTEC, hoy en día existen los i-VTEC (intelligent-VTEC, básicamente el mismo mecanismo con el sistema de gestión electrónico mejorado), el no tan famoso VTEC-E mejor conocido como VTEC de 3 etapas (encaminado a reducir todavía más el consumo), el Turbocharged VTEC (versión sobrealimentada mediante turbocompresor) y el Advanced VTEC aparecido en 2006. En el segmento de las motocicletas existe un prototipo denominado Hyper VTEC. En el 2001 Honda desarrollo la tecnología i-VTEC y vendió la tecnología VTEC que fue adquirida por muchas marcas para hacer sus propias versiones de variación de válvulas. [editar]Automóviles que actualmente disponen de sistema VTEC Accord o TSX, Civic, City, CRX, CR-Z, CR-V, Del Sol, Elyson, Element, FR-V, HR-V, Inspire o Accord, Integra o RSX, Jazz o FIT, Legend o RL, MDX, NSX, Odyssey, Passport, Pilot, Prelude, Ridgeline, RDX, Stream, S2000, TL, Thats, etc. El Civic SI o SIR en México y Canadá, tienen una estampa de "DOHC VTEC" aunque lo que anuncian es el DOHC. [editar]Importancia del VTEC Esta tecnología ayudó a Honda a ser la primera en llegar a una eficiencia de 100hp por litro. y le ha dado desde esas épocas un 90% de los premios de ingeniería automotriz en cuestión de motores. Hoy en día Honda produce el motor atmosférico (naturalmente aspirado) de mayor rendimiento del mundo: el F20 del Honda S2000. Motor SOHC (Redirigido desde «SOHC») SOHC ciclo Otto, de 1987 con cámaras hemisféricas y balancines. Un motor single overhead camshaft o SOHC (en español "árbol de levas en cabeza simple") es un tipo de motor de combustión interna que usa un árbol de levas, ubicado en la culata, para operar las válvulas de escape y admisión del motor. Se contrapone al motor double overhead camshaft, que usa dos árboles de levas.1 Motor SOHC de ciclo Otto, con válvulas paralelas, sin balancines. La principal diferencia es que, en el SOHC, el mismo árbol de levas maneja ambos tipos de válvulas, a diferencia de los motores DOHC, en donde se usa un árbol de levas para las válvulas de admisión y otro para las de escape Menores costes constructivos que los DOHC. Se pueden eliminar los balancines, accionando las válvulas directamente a través de taqués de disco o hidráulicos. Por ejemplo, los motoresVolvo B21-B200, Volkswagen o Renault "F". Aunque se puede construir con la cámara hemisférica, ello supone el uso de balancines con lo que el mayor número de piezas en movimiento dificulta los altos regímenes (esto no se aplica en los motores diésel). Dificultad para situar la bujía en el centro de la cámara (cámara hemisférica). Mayor coste constructivo que los OHV, es decir con árboles de levas en el bloque. Los motores SOHC, por las razones expuestas, no tienen tanto rendimiento, es decir generan un menor par motor y por lo tanto una menor potencia que los DOHC, aún cuando el resto del motor sea idéntico. Motor DOHC (Redirigido desde «DOHC») Corte de una culata con doble árbol de levas o DOHC. Un motor double overhead camshaft o DOHC (en español "doble árbol de levas en cabeza") es un tipo de motor de combustión interna que usa dos árboles de levas, ubicados en la culata, para operar las válvulas de escape y admisión del motor. Se contrapone al motor single overhead camshaft, que usa sólo un árbol de levas. Algunas marcas de coches le dan el nombre de Twin Cam.1 La principal diferencia entre ambos tipos de motores es que, en el motor DOHC, se usa un árbol de levas para las válvulas de admisión y otro para las de escape; a diferencia de los motores SOHC, en donde el mismo árbol de levas maneja ambos tipos de válvulas. Los motores DOHC tienden a presentar una mayor potencia que los SOHC, aun cuando el resto del motor sea idéntico. Esto se debe a que el hecho de poder manejar por separado las válvulas de admisión y de escape permite configurar de una manera más específica los tiempos de apertura y cierre, y por ende, tener mayor fluidez en la cámara de combustión. Índice [ocultar] 1 Historia 2 Ventajas 3 Desventajas 4 Véase también 5 Referencias 6 Bibliografía [editar]Historia Mercedes-Benz M110. Hasta los años 1980 estaba restringido este sistema, conocido desde los años 1920, a los motores de marcas de prestigio (Ferrari, Alfa Romeo, Jaguar, etc...). Tan sólo FIAT lo popularizó anteriormente con su famoso motor "FU" en cilindradas desde 1430 hasta 2000 cc. En la variante de SEAT se partía de los 1600 cc. Este sistema fue la gran novedad para muchos mecánicos españoles de los primeros 70, al igual que la correa de distribución.
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