The Life and Legac of Little L D Ig

The Life and Legac of Little Ldig Listening Gide

Msic Order in the Sho (and anlaion):

1. Beethoven Ode to Joy theme from his last Smphon - entrance msic

Listen ho eer msician is plaing the same melod (monophonic tetre), and ho the sond changes as the instrments are added in. Can you name all of the instruments as they enter?

This melod ill come back at the er end of the sho. Can you sing this d?

MELODY (Do, Re, Mi...) The part of the msic o can hm, histle, or sing to orself. Yo might call it a tne. Some melodies bonce all oer the place, hich ma be difficlt for o to sing, bt are eas to pla on an instrment like the iolin.

2. Beethoven First Symphony, First Movement: Adagio molto - Allegro con brio (V , ad a ad c)

DYNAMICS (Lods and Softs) Dnamics refer to ho lodl or softl the msic shold be plaed. Notice ho this moement begins rather qietl - in or msical langage e call this piano. Later on, there are some er lod chords alternating beteen the ind and string instrments - e call those forte.

3. Beethoven Sixth Symphony (Pastoral), First Movement: Allegro ma non troppo (Fa... b a)

Beethoen took inspiration from natre for this smphon. Can you imagine youre out on a walk like Beethoven while you listen to this movement?

4. Mozart Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A N-c), First Movement: Allegro (Fa!)

This is another er famos piece of msic, and e hear the first fe notes to kno hat it is! Can you sing this d with a loud dac like we heard the musicians use?

5. Beethoven Fourth Symphony, Fourth Movement: Allegro ma non troppo (Fa... b a)

PULSE/RHYTHM (Finding the beat) This is the part of the msic o can tap or foot to. Man people call this the beat. Watch the condctors arm moements if o can see them. Eer time he moes his arm in another direction is here a beat is. In some msic, the beat changes as the speed, or tempo, changes. This moement is fairl fast, tr to keep p!

6. Haydn Surprise Symphony, Second Movement: Andante (Kd )

SURPRISE! In this smphon, the melod in the strings is rather peaceful and quiet. Sddenl, there is a LOUD chord here eerone is plaing. Rmor has it the King kept falling asleep at Hadns concerts, so the composer rote a little joke into the msic to keep eerone on their toes (and aake for his performances)!

7. Beethoven Eighth Symphony, Second Movement: Allegretto scherzando (Kd a, ad a )

METRE/RHYTHMIC PATTERNS Once o find the plse in msic, these can fit into bigger patterns. Yo ill sall find that the main plses fit into grops of tos, threes, or fors. Tr to follo the metre hile the msic is plaing. A good place to start is the beginning of this moement, here there are for beats groped together. Try counting along in your head: 1-2-3-4-1-2-3-4...

8. Beethoven Third Symphony (Eroica), Fourth Movement: Finale. Allegro molto - Poco Andante - Presto (La a. V a - a - ad a!)

TEMPO (Slo or Fast) This is the speed of the msic. The speed ma be er slo, at a alking pace, er fast, and eerthing in beteen. Most composers se Italian ords to describe the tempo: adagio, for eample, means er slo; andante, moderate; allegro, liel; and presto, er fast. This moement begins er fast and ild, then settles into a sloer tempo.

9. Beethoven Third Symphony (Eroica), Second Movement: Marcia funebre. Adagio assai (A a ac. V )

TIMBRE (ononced TAM-b) The specific kind of sond each instrment makes is its timbre. The bright and high iolin sonds different from a darker-toned iola or from the deep, lo cello, een if its plaing eactl the same note. There are een bigger differences in timbre beteen the families of instrments. Yo can hear the difference of timbres here hen the same melod is plaed first on the iolin, then on the oboe.

10. Beethoven Fifth Symphony, First Movement: Allegro con brio (Fa ad c)

THEME The Fifth Smphon, ith its da-da-da-daaa beginning, is one of the orlds most famos pieces of msic. Beethoen took these simple tones and rhthms and bilt the hole first moement arond them. It has been sggested that these for notes represent the sond of Fate knocking at the door.

11. Beethoven Piano Bagatelle ( c c) Für Elise (F a ad ad E) - arranged for 10 musicians FORM When a piece of msic is composed, it is organied in a certain a to gie it strctre or form. In songs e listen to one the radio, e are sed to hearing songs ith a chors, erses, and sometimes a bridge snck in beteen them. F E is in rondo form (ABACA). This means that the melod heard at the beginning of the piece comes back later on. In or sho, e dont pla the hole piece of msic, bt e heard the main melod (the A section) man times.

Listen to the whole piano bagatelle, and see if you can hear when the A section returns.

12. Beethoven Piano Sonata #14 (Moonlight Sonata), First Movement: Adagio sostenuto (S ad ) - arranged for 10 musicians

Beethoen didnt originall name this piece Moonlight Sonata. In fact, this nickname appeared fie ears after his death hen a German poet (also named Ldig, b the a!) pblished a reie on Beethoens famos piano sonata. Ldig Rellstab heard a boat floating in the moonlight on a lake hen he listened to this first moement. What comes to mind when you listen to this part of the piece?

13. Beethoven Second Symphony, Second Movement: Allegretto (Kd a)

METRE/RHYTHMIC PATTERNS This moement has a different pattern than most of the msic oe heard so far. This time, there are three beats groped together. Try counting along in your head: 1-2-3, 1-2-3.

14. Beethoven Sixth Symphony (Pastoral), First Movement: Allegro ma non troppo (Fast... but not too fast)

Listen to the eamples of the flte, oboe and clarinet mimicking the calls of the nightingale, qail and cckoo. Can you hear them when they return at the end of the movement? Compare these sonds to the sonds of the actal birds fond in the online resorce folder.

Beethoen sed the string section to represent the sonds of the babbling brook. What sounds would you use to represent the South Saskatchewan river that flows through our city of Saskatoon?

15. Beethoven Seventh Symphony, Second Movement: Allegretto (Kd a)

HARMONY (Ho does the msic make o feel) Underneath the melod are more notes plaed b other instrments called chords, each of hich sonds different. These chords can be b themself or the can help a melod sond een better. Some chords sond gentle and pleasant, some ma sond harsh or npleasant. The composer ses these to create the kind of mood he ants at each moment. What kind of mood do you think Beethoven was trying to create with the harmonies here in the lower strings?

16. Beethoven Ninth Symphony (Choral), Fourth Movement: Finale (T d)

The melod from the er beginning of the sho has retrned! One of Beethoens most famos melodies, the Ode to Jo as originall a poem b Friedrich Schiller. The melod that Beethoen rote to go along ith Schillers ords as eentall adopted as the Anthem of Erope becase of hat it represents: universal togetherness with wishes for freedom and peace.

TEXTURE In msic, tetre is ho the tempo, melodic, and harmon are combined in a composition, and often incldes ranges beteen loest and highest notes being plaed. Tetre is often described in thickness. For eample, a thick tetre contains man laers of instrments. One of these laers cold be a hole string section, or smaller sections ith one or to msicians each. The thickness is then also changed b the amont of the instrments plaing at an point. As this moement progresses, listen to ho the tetre changes. It is qite simple at the beginning, ith onl the loer strings. As more instrments and harmonies are added, the tetre becomes mch more thick. In the fll orchestra ersion, Beethoen een added a choir!

Cataloge of Msic in the Sho (ith birth/death ear, and pblications dates):

Ldig an Beethoen (1770-1827)

Symphony No. 1 in C Major, Op. 21 (1801) I. Adagio molto - Allegro con brio Symphony No. 2 in D Major, Op. 36 (1804) II. Allegretto Symphony No. 3 in E-flat Major, Op. 55 (Eroica) (1806) II. Marcia fnebre. Adagio assai IV. Finale. Allegro molto - Poco Andante - Presto Symphony No. 4 in B-flat Major, Op. 60 (1808) IV. Allegro ma non troppo Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67 (1809) I. Allegro con brio Symphony No. 6 in F Major, Op. 60 (Pastoral) (1809) I. Allegro ma non troppo II. Andante molto mosso Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92, (1816) II. Allegretto Symphony No. 8 in F Major, Op. 93 (1817) II. Allegretto scherando Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Op. 125 (Choral) (1826) IV. Finale Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-Sharp Minor Qasi na fantasia, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight Sonata) (1802) I. Adagio sostento Bagatelle No. 25 in A Minor, WoO 59 (Für Elise) (1867) Wolfgang Amades Moart (1756-1791)

Serenade No. 13 for Strings in G Major, K. 525 (Eine kleine Nachtmusik) (1787) I. Allegro

Fran Joseph Hadn (1732-1809)

Smphon No. 94 in G Major, H. 1/94 (Surprise Symphony) (1791) II. Andante

The Fifth Symphony, with its da-da-da-daaa beginning, is one of the world’s most famous pieces of music. Beethoven took these simple tones and rhythms and built the whole first movement around them. It has been suggested that these four notes represent the sound of Fate knocking at the door. The Sixth Symphony, the Pastoral, focuses on Beethoven’s love of nature, which he shows in a series of musical scenes. By the Ninth Symphony, Beethoven had incorporated poetry, vocal soloists, and choir, as well as starkly contrasting moods. All these innovations paved the way for such Romantics as Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Mahler, Wagner, and Strauss.

Quick Facts

THE BEETHOVEN-HAUS (Beethoven House) The Beethoven family’s apartment on Bonngasse in Bonn, with its kitchen and three rooms, has been preserved. Visitors can see Beethoven’s piano, ear trumpet, manuscripts to some of his music, and the little room in which he was born.

WHAT IS… A CONCERTO? A concerto is a musical composition, usually in three movements, in which a solo instrument performs a solo part accompanied by a full orchestra.

WHAT IS… A MOVEMENT? A movement is the largest, unified division of a musical composition, separated by pauses.

WHAT IS… A SONATA? A sonata is a piece of music, usually in three or four movements, for a solo instrument or a solo instrument accompanied by a piano – for example, a flute and piano.

WHAT IS… A SYMPHONY? A symphony is a long, highly organized composition for full orchestra, usually in four movements.

The Life ad Legac f Lile Ldig Ie i he Sh

The Sig Fail

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The Wid Fail

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The Wdid Fail

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The Ba Fail

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Wha he cheal ie belg i hi fail? Thee i he e, be, ad ba. Thik ab h big each f he ae. Which e ake he le d?

The Peci Fail Thee ae eci ie i hi h, b he la a e ia le i he iece f ic ha he d la i. Whe e la gehe ih he hle chea, hee ae all eeal ecii age. Wha ie belg i hi caeg? Thee ae he iai d, lhe, cah cbal, ad ee he ia!

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Ca hik f a ie ha hae bee lied e? Seie lae f hee ie ji he chea a ge, b egla ebe. A Composer Made of Fire

Little Ludwigs Biography - Lower Elementary Reading Level

B L Ludwig van Beethoven was a very smart man that didnt always get along with people. Each day, he wanted to write more and more music. This was hard for him as he got older because he began to lose his hearing and eventually . Even though he could not hear before he passed away, he still kept on writing music. Born in B, G in December 1770, Beethoven had a difficult time growing up. He was one of 7 children, and only 3 of the children lived to be adults. Although he loved his mother, Maria, he feared his demanding father, Johann. Johann wasnt the greatest musician, but he gave music lessons to children of rich families. When Ludwig was very young, he always loved music and sounds. He would even turn the iron handle of window shutters to hear the musical noise! His father recognized Ludwigs ability and nurtured it, maybe because it was how their family could have more money. In 1787, when he was 17, Beethoven made his first trip to V, the city that would become his home. There, he quickly found out how big and important the city is. He even played the piano for M, another great composer. When Mozart heard Beethoven make music, he said: . Beethoven had to go back to his familys home because some of them were very sick. He returned to B to his dying mother. Shortly after, his very young sister died. When his father lost his job, Beethoven had to take care of the family. After his fathers death in 1792, Beethoven returned to V for good. Beethoven had grown into a man who sometimes was rude, but also kind and generous. He helped raise money for the only surviving child of J S B, who was very poor, and he donated new music for a fundraiser to help Ursuline nuns. Even though he could get very angry, Beethoven made friends easily. He studied piano with composer F J H. And even though the student-teacher relationship did not go well, the two were still friends. In Vienna, Beethoven also met Mozarts rival, A S – the man people say poisoned Mozart. Salieri was nice to Beethoven, and Beethoven wrote three violin sonatas for him. Beethoven never married anyone, but he did write music like M S and F E for the women in his life. When he was 28, just before writing his , Beethoven began to lose his hearing. He tried everything to fix it, and sometimes he could hear! But in the last 10 years of his life, he lost his hearing completely. H as late as 1814. Maybe he “heard” music by feeling its vibrations. As time passed, Beethoven spent more and more time with his music. He began to ignore what he looked like, pouring water over his head instead of having a bath. On one of his outdoor walks, he was arrested by a local policeman who assumed he was homeless. His rooms were piled high with music that nobody was allowed to touch. He had 4 that had the legs sawed off so that he could feel the musics vibrations through the floor. He often worked in his underwear, ignoring the friends if they visited him when he was composing. Maybe he was scared and mad about losing his sense of hearing. Maybe he was too busy writing music all of the time. Even though people thought he was angry and mean, he was admired and respected for the music that he made. He knew that his music made some people cry, but he would say: C . C . In November 1826, Beethoven left his brothers home and travelled to V. By the time he got home he was sick with pneumonia. Late in the afternoon of March 26, 1827, the sky became dark. Suddenly Beethovens room was lit by a flash of lightning. A great clap of thunder followed. Beethoven opened his eyes, lifted his fist, and passed away in his bed. He was 57 years old. Ludwig van Beethovens funeral showed how famous he really was. On March 29, 1827, 20,000 lined the streets. Nine priests blessed the composers body. He was buried in a grave shaped like a simple pyramid with one word: “Beethoven.” Today his body is beside the Austrian composer F S, in Viennas Central Cemetery.

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THE BEETHOVEN-HAUS (B H) The Beethoven familys apartment on Bonngasse in Bonn, with its kitchen and three rooms, has been preserved. Visitors can see Beethovens piano, ear trumpet, manuscripts to some of his music, and the little room in which he was born.

WHAT IS A SONATA? A sonata is a piece of music, usually in three or four movements, for a solo instrument or a solo instrument accompanied by a piano – for example, a flute and piano.

WHAT IS A SMPHON? A symphony is a long, highly organized composition for full orchestra, usually in four movements. A Composer Made of Fire Little Ludwig’s Biography - Upper Elementary Reading Level

Beethovens Life Ludwig van Beethoven was a smart, complicated, and difficult man who lived to make music. His music still delights, challenges, and moves us 200 years later. Born in Bonn, Germany in December 1770, Beethoven had a hard childhood. He was one of 7 children, and only 3 of those children lived to be adults. Even though he loved his gentle mother, Maria, he was scared of his demanding father, Johann. Johann wasn’t the greatest musician, but he gave music lessons to children of the rich. When Ludwig was very young, he always loved music and sounds. He would even turn the iron handle of window shutters to hear the musical noise! His father recognized Ludwig’s talents and tried to make them even greater, possibly because he saw it as a way for their family to have more money. In 1787, when he was 17, Beethoven made his first trip to Vienna, the big city that later became his home. There, he was quickly inside of Europe’s great culture, even playing the piano for Mozart. Mozart’s reaction to this was: You will make a big noise in the world. Beethoven’s stay was cut short because of family tragedies. He returned to Bonn to see his mother before she passed away. Shortly after, his infant sister died. When his father lost his job, Beethoven had to look after the family. After his father’s death in 1792, Beethoven returned to Vienna for good. He had grown into a man who could be rude and violent, but also kind and generous. He helped raise money for the last living child of Johann Sebastian Bach, and he donated new music for a fundraising concert for Ursuline nuns. Even when he could sometimes get very angry, Beethoven made friends easily. He studied piano with composer Franz Joseph Haydn. The student-teacher relationship was not great, but the two still remained friends! In Vienna, Beethoven also met Mozart’s rival, Antonio Salieri – the man people say poisoned Mozart. Salieri was nice to Beethoven and, Beethoven dedicated three violin sonatas to him. With his talent and big personality, Beethoven was popular with the ladies. But he never married - instead he dedicated music like the Moonlight Sonata and Für Elise to the women in his life. At the age of 28, just before writing his first symphony, Beethoven began to lose his hearing. He tried everything to make it better and some of the treatments worked in the beginning. But in the last 10 years of his life, he lost his hearing completely. Nevertheless, he continued to conduct rehearsals and play the piano as late as 1814. Possibly he “heard” music by feeling its vibrations. As time passed, Beethoven spent more and more time with his music. He began to ignore his daily care and cleaning, pouring water over his head instead of having a bath. On one of his outdoor walks, he was arrested by a local policeman who assumed he was homeless. His rooms were piled high with sheets of music that nobody was allowed to touch. He had 4 pianos that had the legs sawed off so that he could feel the music’s vibrations through the floor. He often worked in his underwear, or even naked, ignoring the friends who came to visit him if they bothered him while he was composing. Maybe he was scared and mad about losing his sense of hearing. Maybe he was too busy writing music all of the time. Even though people thought he was angry and mean, he was admired and respected for the music that he made. He knew that his music made some people cry, but he would say: Composers do not cry. Composers are made of fire. In November 1826, Beethoven went back to Vienna. When he got home he was ill with pneumonia, and never seemed to get better. Late in the afternoon of March 26, 1827, the sky became dark. Suddenly there was a flash of lightning. A great clap of thunder followed. Beethoven opened his eyes, raised his fist, and fell back dead. He was 57 years old. Ludwig van Beethoven’s funeral revealed how famous he really was. On March 29, 1827, 20,000 people lined the streets, while soldiers controlled the grieving crowd. Nine priests blessed the composer’s body. He was buried in a grave marked by a simple pyramid with one word: “Beethoven.” Today his remains lie beside those of the Austrian composer Franz Schubert, in Vienna’s Central Cemetery.

Beethoven and Romanticism When Beethoven was born in 1770, culture centred around Classicism. The fm and le of things was important, and value was given to poetry, literature, painting, and music that followed the rules that people were used to. By the 1800s, Classicism was leading to Romanticism, and Beethoven’s music led the change in Classical music. Romanticism valued imagination and emotion over intellect and reason. It was based on a belief that people are naturally good, that physical passion is splendid, and that political power and rigid social rules should be overthrown. Beethoven’s Romanticism transformed every kind of music he wrote. One of his most popular compositions is the Moonlight Sonata. It became known as the Moonlight Sonata well after Beethoven’s death, when poet Ludwig Rellstab said that it reminded him of moonlight rippling on the waves of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. Like all Romantic art, this music appeals to the senses. Beethoven’s first symphony was presented in 1800. Although the orchestra members were not very skilled to play the music, and the critics were not nice, it became widely known. In 1802, Beethoven completed his Second Symphony, which has been described as “full of summer air and summer flowers.” Beethoven had intended to dedicate the Eroica, his third and possibly favourite symphony, to Napoleon Bonaparte because he thought that Napoleon would free Europe from the iron-fisted control of royalty. In 1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor. Beethoven raged: “So, he is just like the rest, after all. He will become a greater tyrant than the others.” He grabbed the title page and scratched out the dedication so violently that he tore the paper. The Fifth Symphony, with its da-da-da-daaa beginning, is one of the world’s most famous pieces of music. Beethoven took these simple tones and rhythms and built the whole first movement around them. It has been suggested that these four notes represent the sound of Fate knocking at the door. The Sixth Symphony, the Pastoral, focuses on Beethoven’s love of nature, which he shows in a series of musical scenes. By the Ninth Symphony, Beethoven had incorporated poetry, vocal soloists, and choir, as well as starkly contrasting moods. All these innovations paved the way for such Romantics as Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Mahler, Wagner, and Strauss.

Quick Facts

WHAT IS… A CONCERTO? A concerto is a musical composition, usually in three movements, in which a solo instrument performs a solo part accompanied by a full orchestra.

WHAT IS… A MOVEMENT? A movement is the largest, unified division of a musical composition, separated by pauses.

WHAT IS… A SONATA? A sonata is a piece of music, usually in three or four movements, for a solo instrument or a solo instrument accompanied by a piano – for example, a flute and piano.

WHAT IS… A SYMPHONY? A symphony is a long, highly organized composition for full orchestra, usually in four movements.

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