Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
1. Describe the functions and characteristics of muscle tissue.
2. Describe and compare the 3 types of muscle tissue based on location, histological structure, innervation (somatic/voluntary or autonomic/involuntary), and function. Draw a cell of each type including major features like nuclei, striations, etc.
3. Describe the gross structure of a skeletal muscle, including the different tissue components.
4. Describe the following parts of a skeletal muscle including location and tissue composition if applicable:
a. epimysium
b. perimysium
c. endomysium
d. fascicle
5. Draw and label a longitudinal section through a skeletal muscle showing connective tissue elements and fascicles. Draw and label a cross section through the belly of a skeletal muscle.
6. Define
a. tendon
b. insertion
c. origin
d. aponeurosis
e. biarticular muscle
7. Define and compare direct and indirect attachment of muscles.
8. In the muscles of the limbs, the origin is (proximal or distal?) ______to the insertion. In the limbs, muscles that move a bone are usually located (proximal or distal?)______to the bone being moved.
9. Describe the structure and function of these components of skeletal muscle tissue:
Strong/Fall 2008 page 1 a. sarcolemma
b. t-tubules
c. sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and terminal cisternae
d. motor end plate
10. Draw and label a longitudinal section of part of a skeletal muscle cell showing the sarcolemma, t-tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, terminal cisternae and myofibrils.
11. Define and state the function of:
a. myofibril
b. myofilament
c. sarcomere
d. actin
e. myosin
f. titin
g. Z disc
h. M line
12. Describe the relationships between:
a. actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
b. myosin and thick filaments
c. sarcomeres and myofibrils
d. myofibrils and muscle cells
e. muscle cells and fasciculi
f. fasciculi and whole muscles
g. thick filaments and thin filaments
Strong/Fall 2008 page 2 13. Draw and label a sarcomere, including: Z-lines (discs), thick and thin filaments, titin, A and I bands, H zone, and M line. Describe the molecular basis for the A and I bands and the H zone.
14. Briefly describe the process of muscle contraction and extension.
15. Describe and compare the three main types of skeletal muscle fiber based on size, color, and physiological characteristics.
16. Describe the location and function of myoglobin.
17. Define, discuss and compare atrophy, hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
18. Describe the basic structure and function of cardiac muscle tissue.
19. Describe the basic structure and function of smooth muscle tissue.
20. Compare the embryonic development of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells.
21. Explain how skeletal muscles grow during childhood. Draw and label a diagram comparing embryonic myoblast arrangement and a mature skeletal muscle cell.
22. Compare regeneration (following injury) in skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
Strong/Fall 2008 page 3