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Pennsylvania Magazine of HISTORY and BIOGRAPHY THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY BLACK LEADERS IN PHILADELPHIA JANUARY 1989 FEMINISM, FREEDOM, AND COMMUNITY: CHARLOTTE FORTEN AND WOMEN ACTIVISTS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILADELPHIA Emma Jones Lapsansky 3 "ONE GREAT BUNDLE OF HUMANITY": FRANCES ELLEN WATKINS HARPER (1825-1911) Margaret Hope Bacon 21 THE BLACK "BETTER CLASS" POLITICAL DILEMMA: PHILADELPHIA PROTOTYPE ISAIAH C. WEARS Harry C. Silcox 45 THE EARNEST PASTOR'S HEATED TERM: ROBERT J. WILLIAMS'S PASTORATE AT "MOTHER" BETHEL, 1916-1920 Robert S. Gregg 67 ESSAY REVIEW Thomas P. Slaughter 89 BOOK REVIEWS 95 PUBLISHED SINCE 1877 BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA VOLUME CXIII NUMBER 1 BOOK REVIEWS KULIKOFF, Tobacco and Slaves The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680 1800, NASH, Forging Freedom. The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720-1840, by Thomas P. Slaughter. 89 WlNCH, Philadelphia's Black Elite Activism, Accommodation, and the Struggle for Au- tonomy, 1787-1848, by Roy E. Finkenbine. 95 BAUMAN, Public Housing, Race, and Renewal. Urban Planning in Philadelphia, 1920- 1974, by Jon C. Teaford. 96 ANDERSON & HEVENOR, Burning Down the House: MOVE and the Tragedy of Phil- adelphia, by Dennis Clark. 97 LEWIS, Black Coal Miners in America. Race, Class, and Community Conflict 1780 1980, by Ian M. Taplin. 99 GOTTLIEB, Making Their Own Way Southern Blacks' Migration to Pittsburgh, 1916- 1930, by Charles Hardy, III. 101 RUCK, Sandlot Seasons Sport in Black Pittsburgh, by Donald Spivey. 103 TUSHNET, The NAACP's Legal Strategy Against Segregated Education, 1925-1950, by David W. Southern. 105 SOUTHERN, Gunnar Myrdal and Black-White Relations: The Use and Abuse of An American Dilemma, 1944-1969, by Stephen Steinberg. 106 LEMAY, The Canon of Benjamin Franklin, 1722-1776: New Attributions and Reconsi- derations, by David M. Larson. 108 MORRIS, The Forging of the Union, 1781-1789, by Peter Charles Hoffer. 109 WATTS, The Republic Reborn: War and the Making of Liberal America, 1790-1820, by Richard Buel, Jr. 112 CUNNINGHAM, In Pursuit of Reason The Life of Thomas Jefferson, by Robert F. Jones. 114 LlNDERMAN, Embattled Courage. The Experience of Combat in the American Civil War, by Joseph T. Glatthaar. 115 FOSTER, Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New South, 1865 to 1913, SMITH, An Old Creed for the New South Proslavery Ideology and Historiography, 1865- 1918, by Barton C. Shaw. 116 BANNISTER, Sociology and Scientism The American Quest for Objectivity, 1880-1940, by Howard P. Segal. 119 PEELER, Hope Among Us Yet Social Criticism and Social Solace in Depression America, by Peter J. Kuznick. 120 COOPER, Once a Cigar Maker Men, Women, and Work Culture in American Cigar Factories, 1900-1919, by George E. Pozzetta. 122 JAMES, A Time for Giants: Politics of the American High Command in World War II, by Peter Maslowski. 124 ROGIN, Ronald Reagan, the Movie, and Other Episodes in Political Demonology, by Allen Woll. 125 GREIFF, Independence. The Creation of a National Park, by Doris Devine Fanelli. 126 JACOBY, The Last Intellectuals: American Culture in the Age of Academe, by Robert C. Bannister. 128 ISSERMAN, If I Had A Hammer The Death of the Old Left and the Birth of the New Left, by William L. O'Neill. 130 MARQUIS, Hopes and Ashes. The Birth of Modern Times, 1929-1939, by Robert M. Crunden. 131 (continued on back inside cover) THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME CXIII THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA 19107 1989 CONTENTS ARTICLES Page Feminism, Freedom, and Community: Charlotte Forten and Women Activists in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia Emma Jones Lapsansky 3 "One Great Bundle of Humanity": Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825- 1911) Margaret Hope Bacon 21 The Black "Better Class" Political Dilemma: Philadelphia Prototype Isaiah C. Wears Harry C. Silcox 45 The Earnest Pastorh Heated Term: Robert J. Williams's Pastorate at "Mother" Bethel, 1916-1920 Robert S. Gregg 67 Felony Law Reform in the Early Republic Bradley Chapin 163 The Society for Political Inquiries: The Limits of Republican Discourse in Philadelphia on the Eve of the Constitutional Convention Michael Vinson 185 Unsung Partner Against Crime: Harry J. Anslinger and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 1930-1962 John C. McWilliams 207 American Catholics and the First Amendment: 1776-1840 Patrick W. Carey 323 Economic Change and Political Realignment in Antebellum Pennsylvania James L. Huston 347 Popular Justice in Pennsylvania: The Nutt-Dukes Tragedy Robert M. Ireland 397 Whitefield in America: A Two Hundred Fiftieth Commemoration Jon Butler 515 The "Myth of the Middle Colonies" Reconsidered: The Process of Regionalization in Early America Wayne Bodle 527 "The Friendly Glass": Drink and Gentility in Colonial Philadelphia Peter Thompson 549 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS The Precarious Freedom of Blacks in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Excerpts from the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1776 Billy G. Smith Richard Wojtowicz 237 William Penn's Proprietorship in Danger: The View from James Logan in 1705 Craig W. Horle 419 John Henry Goetschius and The Unknown God: Eighteenth-Century Pietism in the Middle Colonies Randall Balmer 575 Musical Commerce in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia: The Letters of Michael Hillegas JoAnn Taricani 609 ESSAY REVIEWS Thomas P. Slaughter 89 Paul A. Cimbala 265 Thomas G. Dyer 439 David Brody 627 BOOK REVIEWS 95, 277, 447, 635 INDEX 673 THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA OFFICERS President HOWARD H. LEWIS Vice-Presidents STANLEY ABELSON GEORGE W. CONNELL MARGARETT F. MCKEEL S. ROBERT TEITELMAN Secretary DAVID W. MAXEY Treasurer WM. RICHARD GORDON Counsel WILLIAM Y. WEBB Councilors CAROL SOFFA BALDRIDGE CARL L. NEILSON MURIEL BERMAN FRANK E. REED GERALD T. BRAWNER CHARLES W. SOLTIS DREW G. FAUST F. JOSEPH STOKES, JR. EDWARD D. GRIFFITH JAMES A. UNRUH RAGAN HENRY WILLIAM G. WARDEN, III CAROL E. HEVNER RUSSELL F. WEIGLEY STANLEY N. KATZ HARRISON M. WRIGHT ROSEMARY LAPHEN BERTRAM L. O'NEILL, Emeritus JULIA LEISENRING CAROLINE ROBBINS, Emerita FRANK P. LOUCHHEIM W. THACHER LONGSTRETH, EX officio STAFF RANDALL M. MILLER, Editor CARLA MULFORD, Associate Editor MELISSA J. GREENWALD, Managing Editor ELIZABETH SMITH, Assistant Editor PETER J. PARKER, Director MlCHELE F. VOGE, Assistant to the Director Library THOMAS JAY KEMP, Library Director RONALD MEDFORD ANDREW CHALFEN MARTHA PILLING LINDA CHRISTY JANIS PUGH RACHEL DACH THERESA ROCCA NANCY J. HALLI DANIEL ROLPH Manuscripts and Archives Department LINDA STANLEY, Curator TRACI L. PAUL CAROL ERESIAN ANNE-MARIE T. SCHAAF MARIA A. HALL MARCY SILVER LOUISE JONES ELLEN SLACK CAROLYN PARK THERESA SNYDER Treasurer's Office IRMGARD MAXWELL, Assistant to the Treasurer Development Office JOANNA GlLBRlDE, Director of Marketing and Development WENDY PARSONS JUDITH GOLDSCHMIDT AMY RIFKIND VERA GROBES ANNIE WESTCOTT Education Department CYNTHIA J. LITTLE, Director of Education MARGARET JACOBSEN JACQUELINE HAWKINS KATE STOVER Museum Department ELIZABETH J. JARVIS, Curator THOMAS GARTNER DAVID CASSEDY JULIA TOWNSEND Conservation Department ROLF KAT, Conservator PAULA ZYATS Biographical Dictionary of Early Pennsylvania Legislators CRAIG W. HORLE, Editor ROSALIND J. BEILER JOY WILTENBURG, Editor JOSEPH FOSTER MARIANNE S. WOKECK, Editor DAVID HAUGAARD JEFFREY L. SCHEIB U.S. Newspaper Preservation Project WILLIAM HAMILL, Project Administrator ROBERTA DELL ROBERT CULP BARBARA KURIMCHAK CHRISTINE DACIER ELIZABETH SHAPIRO DEBORAH SKOK Administration SALVATORE MASSARE, Building Superintendent ROBERT GRANT, JOHN PONCHER, EARNEST L. MEDFORD, Maintenance Supervisor Security RACHEL GREEN, PATRICK HOBAN, PERCY JACKSON, LOUIS W. MEEHAN, Photography ALBERT RIDEWOOD, Maintenance MARIA CHRISTOPHER, Receptionist THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME CXIII January 1989 NO. 1 Publications Committee Chairman RUSSELL F. WEIGLEY THOMAS C. COCHRAN Emeritus DIANE LINDSTROM Historical Society of University of Wisconsin Pennsylvania JOHN J. MC CUSKER RICHARD S. DUNN University of Maryland University of Pennsylvania GARY B. NASH DREW GILPIN FAUST University of California, University of Pennsylvania Los Angeles J. WILLIAM FROST CAROLINE ROBBINS Emerita Swarthmore College Historical Society of Pennsylvania STANLEY N. KATZ MORRIS J. VOGEL Princeton University Temple University EMMA LAPSANSKY STEPHANIE GRAUMAN WOLF Temple University Philadelphia Center for J. A. LEO LEMAY Early American Studies University of Delaware Editor RANDALL M. MILLER Associate Editor CARLA MULFORD Managing Editor MELISSA J. GREENWALD Editorial Assistant ELIZABETH A. SMITH Editorial Intern DAVID H. SERLIN Contributors EMMA JONES LAPSANSKY is Associate Professor of History at Temple University. Her published work has been on the topics of Afro-Amer- icans in popular culture and on the development of community values and community discipline in the nineteenth-century Philadelphia Afro- American community. She is currently completing a monograph on this subject. MARGARET HOPE BACON is a Philadelphia author and lecturer who has written frequently on historical subjects. One of her books is Valiant Friend: The Life of Lucretia Mott (1980). HARRY C. SILCOX received his doctorate from Temple University in 1972 and is Principal of Lincoln High School in Philadelphia. A previous contributor to the PMHB, he has published articles on politics and nineteenth-century black Philadelphia. In his forthcoming book, Politics from the Bottom Up, on Irish ward leader William McMullen, Irish- black
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