Pennsylvania Magazine of HISTORY and BIOGRAPHY

THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

JANUARY/APRIL 1997

A SCOTTISH PRINTER IN LATE-EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PHILADELPHIA: ROBERT SIMPSON'S JOURNEY FROM APPRENTICE TO ENTREPRENEUR Rosalind Remer 3

THE EVOLUTION OF WOODFORD, AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY "RETIREMENT" Mark Reinberger 27

"THE DOUBLE CURSE OF SEX AND COLOR": ROBERT PURVIS AND HUMAN RIGHTS Margaret Hope Bacon 53

J. H. C. HELMUTH, EVANGELICAL CHARITY, AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE IN PENNSYLVANIA, 1793-1800 A. G. Roeber 77 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS: LONDON MERCHANTS AND THE LAUNCHING OF PENNSYLVANIA Mary K. Getter 101

BOOK REVIEWS 123

PUBLISHED SINCE 1877 BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA VOLUME CXXI NUMBERS 1/2 BOOK REVIEWS

REMER, Printers and Men of Capital Philadelphia Book Publishers in the New Republic, by James Tagg 123 FOGLEMAN, Hopeful Journeys German Immigration, Settlement, and Political Culture in Colonial America, 1717-1775, by Marianne S. Wokeck 124 MERANZE, Laboratories of Virtue Punishment, Revolution, and Authority in Philadelphia, 1760-1835, by Leslie Patrick 126 HOFFMAN and ALBERT, Religion in a Revolutionary Age, by Rachelle E. Friedman 128 HOFFMAN and ALBERT, The Transforming Hand of Revolution Reconsidering the American Revolution as a Social Movement, by Paul A. Gilje 129 KEEGAN, Fields of Battle The Wars for North America, by Russell F. Weigley 131 NUXOLL and GALLAGHER, The Papers of Robert Moms, 1781-1784 Volume 8 May 5- December 31,1783, by Richard Leffler 133 MATTERN, STAGG, CROSS, and PERDUE, The Papers of James Madison, Secretary of State Series Volume 3 1 March 1802-6 October 1802, by James Roger Sharp 135 HUDSON, The Minister from France Conrad-Alexandre Gerard, 1729-1790, by William Stinchcombe 136 MANDELL, Behind the Frontier Indians in Eighteenth-Century Eastern Massachusetts, by Virginia Dejohn Anderson 137 PENDLETON, Oley Valley Heritage, The Colonial Years 1700-1775, by Gabnelle M. Lanier 139 STOTZ, The Early Architecture of Western Pennsylvania, by Franklin Toker 141 TlDWELL,April'65 Confederate Covert Action in the American Civil War, by Scott A. Merriman 143 VANCE, The North American Railroad Its Origin, Evolution, and Geography, by Curtis W. Richards 144 LOUNSBURY, Louisa S McCord Poems, Drama, Biography, Letters, by Jeffrey H. Richards 146 BRONNER, Popularizing Pennsylvania Henry W Shoemaker and the Progressive Uses of Folklore and History, by Brent D Glass 147 LUBOVE, Twentieth Century Pittsburgh, Volume II The Post-Steel Era, by Walter T. Howard 148 GUNDY, A Community of Memory My Days with George and Clara by Lee Arnold 150 RETTIE, Our National Park System Caring for America's Greatest Natural and Historic Treasures, by Patrick B. Nolan 151 BRANDT, Harlem at War The Black Experience in WW II, by Jesse T. Moore 153 HARLAN, All at Sea Coming of Age in World War II, by Ian M. G. Quimby 154 MILLER and CIMBALA, American Reform and Reformers A Biographical Dictionary, by David Blanke 156

THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY IS appearing as three issues in 1997: January/April, July, and October THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

VOLUME January/April 1997 NOS. 1/2 CXXI

Editorial Advisory Committee

RICHARD R. BEEMAN GARY B. NASH University of Pennsylvania University of California, RICHARD S. DUNN Los Angeles University of Pennsylvania JEAN R. SODERLUND J. WILLIAM FROST Lehigh University Swarthmore College DAMIE STILLMAN JACK P. GREENE University of Delaware Johns Hopkins University DELL UPTON EMMA JONES LAPSANSKY University of California, Haverford College Berkeley J. A. LEO LEMAY RUSSELL F. WEIGLEY Temple University University of Delaware STEPHANIE GRAUMAN WOLF RANDALL M. MILLER Philadelphia Center for Saint Joseph's University Early American Studies CARLA MULFORD Pennsylvania State University

Editor IAN M. G. QUIMBY Editorial Assistant EVE HOMAN Contributors

ROSALIND REMER is assistant professor of history at Moravian College in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. She is the author of Printers and Men of Capital: Philadelphia Book Publishers in the New Republic, as well as articles on colonial economy and religion, and the early national printing and book trades.

MARK REINBERGER is an assistant professor in the School of Environmental Design at the University of Georgia where he teaches architectural history and preservation planning. Before moving to Georgia, he taught at Drexel Univer- sity's Department of Architecture and worked for the architectural restoration firm of Martin Rosenblum and Associates.

MARGARET HOPE BACON is the author of Valiant Friend, the Life of Lucretia Mott and of a previous article in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, "One Great Bundle of Humanity: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911)" 113 (1989).

A. G. ROEBER is the author of Palatines, Liberty, and Property: German Lutherans in Colonial British America. He is now head and professor of history and religious studies at Penn State University.

MARY K. GEITER earned her doctorate in history at Cambridge University and is currently teaching in the history department at Bloomsburg University. She is working on a biography of William Penn.

THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY is published each quarter in January, April, July, and October by THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107- 5699. Yearly subscriptions: individual, $30.00; institutional, $40.00; single issues, $10.00 plus $1.50 postage. Back issues: available in microform from University Microfilms International, 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Author- ization for academic photocopying: Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Academic Permissions Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Submissions: All communications should be addressed to the editor. Email may be sent to [email protected]. Articles submitted for publication should be sent to the editor in triplicate and should conform to the The Chicago Manual of Style. Manuscripts will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Please send SASE for submission guidelines. The editor does not assume responsibility for statements of fact or of opinion made by the contributors.