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Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trend pages 539–700 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Associate Editors Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA David Brandling-Bennet, Washington, DC, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Donald S. Burke, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Stephanie James, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Paul V. Effler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Michael Drancourt, Marseille, France David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France Duane J. Gubler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Marguerite Pappaioanou, Washington, DC, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Patricia M. Quinlisk, Des Moines, Iowa, USA David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Jocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Daniel B. Jernigan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseilles, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan David Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Founding Editor John S. MacKenzie, Perth, Australia Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA Marian McDonald, Atlanta, Georgia, USA John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Copy Editors Mills McNeil, Jackson, Mississippi, USA Thomas Gryczan, Anne Mather, Beverly Merritt, Tom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Carol Snarey, P. Lynne Stockton, Cathy Young Ban Mishu-Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Production Fred A. Murphy, Galveston, Texas, USA Reginald Tucker, Ann Jordan, Shannon O’Connor Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Editorial Assistant P. Keith Murray, Geelong, Australia Susanne Justice Stephen Ostroff, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA www.cdc.gov/eid Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina Emerging Infectious Diseases Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-639- Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA 1960, fax 404-639-1954, email [email protected]. Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Control and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. Dixie Snider, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA permission; proper citation, however, is required. Robert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South Africa Use of trade names is for identification only and does not Phillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USA imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Health and Human Services. Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 14, No. 4, April 2008 April 2008 On the Cover Emericella quadrilineata as Moschophoros (Calf-Bearer) Cause of Invasive Aspergillosis ..............566 attributed to Phaidimos. P.E. Verweij et al. Statue of the patriot Romvos offering This opportunistic fungus is frequently misidentifi ed sacrifi cial calf to Athena. because of its morphologic similarity to E. nidulans. c. 570 BCE. Marble. Height 165 cm. No. 624 Acropolis Museum, Control Measures Used during Athens, Greece Lymphogranuloma Venereum Outbreak, Europe ..................................... 573 About the Cover p. 695 A. Timen et al. The degree of preparedness may affect the ability to respond quickly and to control an outbreak. CME ACTIVITY β-Herpesviruses in Febrile Children with Cancer ................................ 579 S. Yee-Guardino et al. These viruses should be included in the differential Perspective diagnosis of febrile disease. Bluetongue Epidemiology in the European Union ................................. 539 Human Herpesvirus 8 C. Saegerman et al. Infection, Rural Egypt .............................. 586 Central and northern Europe are now at risk from S.M. Mbulaiteye et al. bluetongue virus. Findings suggest salivary and possible nosocomial transmission. Synopsis Potential Use of Antiviral Agents Retrospective Analysis of Monkeypox Infection ................................592 in Polio Eradication ..................................545 p. 541 A.M. De Palma et al. M.E. Dubois and M.K. Slifka These compounds may serve as starting points for Tests have been developed and optimized for the design of more potent poliovirus inhibitors. serologic differentiation between monkeypox- and vaccinia-induced immunity. Research Wild Ducks as Vectors of Determination of Oseltamivir Highly Pathogenic Avian Infl uenza Virus (H5N1) ............................. 600 Quality by Colorimetric and p. 603 Liquid Chromatographic Methods ..........552 J. Keawcharoen et al. M.D. Green et al. Some duck species are potential long-distance The high-performance liquid chromatography vectors; others are more likely to function as method is useful. sentinels. Clonal Population of Rapid Typing of Transmissible Flucytosine-Resistant Spongiform Encephalopathy Candida tropicalis from Strains with Differential ELISA ................608 Blood Cultures, Paris, France .................557 S. Simon et al. M. Desnos-Ollivier et al. A strain-typing ELISA distinguishes bovine Such isolates are widespread around clinical centers spongiform encephalopathy from other scrapie and are associated with malignancies that cause strains in small ruminants. fewer deaths than other C. tropicalis isolates. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 14, No. 4, April 2008 Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Caused by Dobrava Hantavirus, Russia ...................................617 April 2008 B. Klempa et al. Two new lineages are emerging; 1 is associated with the novel host Apodemus ponticus. Letters Group I Coronaviruses in Bats, 670 Rat-to-Elephant-to-Man Transmission Northern Germany ....................................626 of Cowpox Virus F. Gloza-Rausch et al. 672 Avian Infl uenza Knowledge among The virus is probably maintained on the population Medical Students, Iran level by amplifi cation and transmission in maternity colonies. 673 Lorraine strain of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1, France Dispatches 675 Bluetongue in Captive Yaks 632 Sublineages of Infl uenza Virus 676 Murine Typhus, Algeria (H5N1), Vietnam, 2005–2007 678 Natural Co-infection with 2 T.D. Nguyen et al. Parvovirus Variants in Dog 637 Reassortant Infl uenza Virus (H5N1) 680 WU Polyomavirus Infection in in Poultry, Nigeria, 2007 Children, Germany I. Monne et al. p. 645 681 Hepatitis E, Central African Republic 641 Neuroinvasion by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Acute Disseminated 683 Rickettsia sibirica subsp. Encephalomyelitis mongolitimonae Infection and B. Stamm et al. Retinal Vasculitis 644 Chagas Disease, France 684 Rickettsia felis in Fleas, France F.-X. Lescure et al. 686 Novel Genetic Group in Rotavirus 647 Human Thelaziasis, Europe 688 PorB2/3 Protein Hybrid in Neisseria D. Otranto and M. Dutto meningitidis 650 Rabies Virus in Raccoons, 689 West Nile Virus in Birds, Argentina Ohio, 2004 J.C. Henderson et al. 691 Clostridium diffi cile Surveillance, Saxony, Germany 653 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism p. 647 Typing of Bacillus anthracis from Sverdlovsk Tissue Book Reviews R.T. Okinaka et al. 693 Travel Medicine: Tales Behind the 657 Human Mycobacterium bovis Science Infection and Bovine Tuberculosis, Michigan, 1994–2007 693 Coronaviruses: Molecular and M.J. Wilkins et al. Cellular Biology 661 Mycobacterium avium Lymphadenopathy among News & Notes Children, Sweden J. Thegerström et al. About the Cover 695 “In Dreams Begin Responsibilities” 664 Kala-azar Epidemiology and Control, Southern Sudan Etymologia J.H. Kolaczinski et al. 666 Leishmaniasis 667 Dengue Virus Type 4, Manaus, Brazil R.M.P. de Figueiredo et al. Erratum 696 Vol. 14, No. 2 Another Dimension