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A TRANSBOUNDARY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN for the OKAVANGO/KAVANGO/CUBANGO BASIN July 2013

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A TRANSBOUNDARY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN for the OKAVANGO/KAVANGO/CUBANGO BASIN July 2013 A TRANSBOUNDARY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE OKAVANGO/KAVANGO/CUBANGO BASIN July 2013 i A TRANSBOUNDARY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE OKAVANGO/KAVANGO/CUBANGO BASIN ANGO/KAVANGO/CUBANGO BASIN July 2013 Prepared by: Denis Tweddle & Clinton J. Hay NNF/EU Community Conservation Fisheries in KAZA Project on behalf of the Governments of Angola, Namibia and Botswana and supported by: Southern Africa Regional Environmental Program Implemented by: Chemonics International 1717 H Street NW, Washington, DC 2006 Southern Africa Regional Environmental Program SAREP Supporting the sustainable management of the Okavango River Basin i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................. ii Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... vi 1. OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN ............................................................................................................ 1 2. SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................................................. 2 2.1. TOR for management plan ......................................................................................................... 2 2.2. Consultation process .................................................................................................................. 3 3. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................... 6 Synopsis of issues arising from review of literature ......................................................................... 9 4. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION .................................................................................................. 14 International/transboundary organisations ................................................................................... 14 National fisheries departments ...................................................................................................... 15 Research institutes .......................................................................................................................... 16 Community fisheries organisations ................................................................................................ 17 5. DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSBOUNDARY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................... 20 5.1. Management interventions .................................................................................................... 20 5.2. Report of survey defining current status of fish populations, fisheries activities and the implementation of various regulations, acts and policies within the basin ................................... 21 5.3. Influence of adjacent basins. Collaborations, alignments and standardisation of monitoring activities and regulations ............................................................................................. 22 5.4. Driving forces within the basin affecting fish populations, direct threats, conflicts and indirect impacts .............................................................................................................................. 22 5.5. Co-management, lessons from elsewhere.............................................................................. 23 5.6. Fish Protection Areas .............................................................................................................. 25 6. MONITORING ACTIVITIES, FRAME SURVEYS, BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS ......................................... 26 6.1. Longitudinal profile of fish populations fully documented, from the riverine habitats in Angola to the seasonal swamps in the lower delta in Botswana. .................................................. 26 6.2. Introduction to fisheries monitoring surveys.......................................................................... 26 7. LITERATURE CONSULTED ........................................................................................................... 33 Management plan guidelines for co-management ............................................................................ 43 Proposal for establishing FPAs on the Cubango/Okavango system ................................................... 44 Outputs that will be achieved from the implementation of the plan ................................................ 45 Remaining activities to be developed through the consultation process with an established steering committee ............................................................................................................................. 51 Legislative Framework .................................................................................................................... 52 The Fish Protection Act (Act 42 of 1975) ........................................................................................ 52 APPENDIX 1. THE LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE OKAVANGO DELTA FISHERIES IN BOTSWANA .................................................................................... 52 The Fisheries Regulations (2008) .................................................................................................... 53 Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) Policy ............................................ 53 The Draft Wildlife Policy ................................................................................................................. 53 Code of Conduct for responsible fishing in the Okavango Delta .................................................... 54 Okavango Delta Management Plan (ODMP, 2008) ........................................................................ 54 Institutional Framework ..................................................................................................................... 55 ii National Institutions ....................................................................................................................... 55 Staff deployment ........................................................................................................................ 55 Compliance operations ............................................................................................................... 55 Fisheries monitoring ................................................................................................................... 55 Local Institutions in the Delta ......................................................................................................... 57 International institutions / Transboundary initiatives .................................................................... 58 APPENDIX 2. SUBMISSION BY KAVANGO OPEN AFRICA ROUTE (KOAR) REGARDING TOURISM CONCERNS ABOUT FISHING ACTIVITIES IN THE OKAVANGO/CUBANGO RIVER SYSTEM ................... 59 APPENDIX 3. TABULATION OF LEGISLATION TO BE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO HARMONISATION OF POLICY AND LEGISLATION DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN, WITH NOTES ON FACTORS TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION . 59 APPENDIX 4. ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST THE ESTABLISHMENT OF HARMONISED TRANSBOUNDARY FISHING CLOSED SEASONS FOR THE OKAVANGO/CUBANGO RIVER SYSTEM ...... 59 APPENDIX 5. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................................................................................... 59 APPENDIX 6. PROPOSED FORMS TO BE USED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES UNDER THE MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................. 59 iii Acronyms AECB Association of Environmental Clubs of Botswana BDF Botswana Defence Force CBNRM Community Based Natural Resources Management CBO Community based organisation CORB Cubango-Okavango River Basin DEA Department of Environmental Affairs, Botswana DoT Department of Tourism, Botswana DWMPC Department of Water Management and Pollution Control, Botswana DWNP Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Botswana EU European Union EUS Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FPA Fish Protection Area GEF Global Environmental Facility INIP Angola Ministry of Agriculture’s National Institute of Fish Research IRDNC Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation JPCC Joint Permanent Commission of Cooperation between Botswana and Namibia, KAZA Kavango/Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area KIFI Kamutjonga Inland Fisheries Institute, KOAR Kavango Open Africa Route MEWT Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism MFMR Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources MINAMB Angolan Ministry of Environment’s Institute of Biodiversity MPA Marine Protected Area NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Angola NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NINA Norwegian Institute for Nature Research NNF Namibia Nature Foundation NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation OBSC Okavango River Basin Steering Committee ODMP Okavango Delta Management Plan OFA Okavango Fishermen’s Association. OFMC
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