Geologica Balcanica, 25. I. Sofia, Febr. 1995, p. 61-70

Some fossil from the Lovec Urgonian Group at the village of Pusevo, Veliko Tarnovo District (Lower , Central Fore-Balkan)

1 Todor Nikolov 2 1Petar Parashkevanov I

1 Geological-geographic Department, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1000 Sofia 2 5058 Village of Hotnica, Velika Tarnovo District

(Received ll.04.1994; accepted 13.05. 1994)

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Introduction The sediments of the Lovec Urgonian Group are very rich in bivalves, gastropods, echinoderms, brachiopods, corals, chaetetids, sponges, algae, but rare in cephalopods (X p H c 'I e B, 1966; H H K o JI o B, 1969). For that reason the findings of some cephalopods with heteromorph ammonite among them in the sediments of the Magara Tongue of the Balgarene Formation represent special interest. The locality is situated at the Drjankov Hill, to the north from the village of Pusevo, Veliko Tarnovo District (fig. 1) . The Magara Tongue of the Balgarene Formation in this section is represented by clayey slightly silty marls with lens of coral limestones. Rare intercalations of calcareous sandstones and sandy oolitic limestones are met in the top part, changing in aphanite and organogenic limestones of the Debelcovo-Mladen Tongue of the Emen Formation to the west. In a separate outcrop, to the south-east from the section studied and to the east from the village ofPusevo, the Barremian ammonite species Valdedorsella haugi B res k., was found in the limestones of the Debelcovo-Mladen Tongue years ago (I-I H K o JI o B, 1969, fig. 2). The character of the Magara Tongue of the Drjankov Hill is determined by the marls predominating the section. Lens of coral limestones are spread among them without any regularity. Usually, most of the lens are parallel or subparallel to the layers, while some of 61 19 · 0 fp 2p 3f1 km

I· , - ; ..,.. ._,..r ·' ·- ._. .- ·1

Fig. I. Sketch-map of the investigated area I -principal locality Drjankov Hill

the them are located obliguely, resembling chaotic internal structure determined by the landslides of separate lenses (fig. 2) . The thickness of the sediments in the outcrop is 20-25 m increasing from west to the east. The studies association of species determined the Late Barremian Age of the locality. The specimens described are preserved in the Museum of Palaeontology at the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (MP - US).

Systematic Palaeontology

Class CEPHALOPODA C u v i e r, 1897 Subclass NAUTILOIDEA A g a s s i z, 1847 Order Agassiz, 1847

Superfa mily B I a i n vi I I e, 1825

Family Spath, 1927 Genus Heminautilus S p a t h, 1927 Type species. saxbii Morris, 1848, Aptian, England, by original designation ofS path (1927, p. 22). G e n e r i c c h a r a c t e r s. Involute, compressed conchs with distinctly higher whorl section than wide. The lateral flanks are flattened, strongly converging towards ventral area. The venter is fiat or concave, with differently deep furrow, with or without median keel ; the umbilicus is narrow, while the umbilical area is rounded. Remarks. The genus includes also H. lallierianus (d'O r big n y, 1841) and H. sanctaecrucis C o n t e, 1980, besides the type species. The relations between the three species are very interesting but are beyond the purpose of this study. The major differences between them are related with the character of the ventral area mostly (fig. 3) .

62 w E

I I

-Gil ({ 1<3> (q; 1 ~ 1 p-c!!J it# 1w . --- .A'fr--- u!] a 1 cJ ) ---- -~------~---

I I I I I 12

Fig. 2. The section of the Drjankov Hill to the north of Pusevo Village 1 - marls; 2 - limestones; 3 - oolitic limestones; 4 - sandy limestones; 5 - nodular limestones with corals

H eminautilus sanctaecrucis C o n t e, 1980 Pl. I, fig . 1; pl. II, fig.•1; pl. III, fig . 1, 2, 2a; pl. IV. fig. 1, 1a, 2, 2a 1859. Nautilus lallierianus d'O r big n y sensu Pi c t e t & Campi c he, p. 148, pl. XIX, fig. 6a, b, c. V pars 1967. Xenocheilus /allierianus (d'O r big n y, 1840) sensu,[{ H M H T p o B a, p. 18, pl. IV. fig. 1, Ia, lb (=K, 1962, non K, 1963 & 1964). 1980. Heminautilus sanctaecrucis nov. sp. C o n t e, p. 138, pl. I, fig. I, 2. 1989. Heminautilus sanctaecrucis Conte, p. 30-31, fig. 5-7. N o m e n c I a t u r e. The holotype is a species from the P i c t e t & C a m p i c h e collection (1858-1860, pl. XIX_, fig. 6). Sainte-Croix (Jura suisse), "Marne jaune", Lower Aptian. 1 Dimensions : D H E L H~ EM L~ KL 1962 en: li M li T p 0 B a, 1967, pl. IV, fig. I, from Lipnica Village) 113 80 53 12 0.70 0.66 0.10 K 6001 (from Pusevo Village) 147 97 59 13 0 . 660 . 610.01 Description. Discoidal compressed involute conchs with average size and narrow umbilicus. The whorl section is considerably higher than wide. The lateral flanks are flat and definitely convergent towards the ventral area, at the end of which edges are formed. These edges are more distinct in the last whorl. In the initial whorls the ventral area is tabulate. By increasing of the shell, a distinct furrow with fine median keel is observed. The burrow itself is surrounded by well defined ventral board edges. The suture line is with a wide and shallow lateral lobe and relatively narrow and slightly curved saddle. C om p a r i s o n s. Heminautilus sanctaecrucis Conte is the closest to H. lallierianus (d' Orb.) differing from it by the development of median keel, as well as for its wider and shallow lateral lobe of the suture line. H. saxbii (M o r r i s) is with a flat and smooth ventral area, narrower and strongly curved lateral lobe and more oblique lateral saddle of the suture line. D i s t r i b u t i o n. Switzerland, France, Bulgaria. Barremian - Aptian. Material and deposits. Upper Barremian: MP- US, K 6001, to the north from the village of Pusevo, Veliko Tarnovo District; MP - US, K 6002, ~bid., MP - US, K 1 1 6003, ibid.; MP- US, K 6004, ibid.; Lower Aptian: MP- US, K 1692 (cool. N. Dimitrova), 1 village of Lipnica, Velikb Tarnovo District.

1 D - diameter; H - height of the last tour; E - thickness of the last tour; L - width of the ventral area.

63 Explanations of plates

PLATE I 1. Heminautilus sanctaecrucis C o n t e. Drjankov Hill, Pusevo Village, Magiira Tongue of the Biilgarene Formation. Upper Barremian. MP - US, K, 6001 .

PLATE II 1. Heminautilus sanctaecrucis Conte. Drjankov Hill, Pusevo Village, Magiira Tongue of the Biilgarene Formation. Upper Barremian. MP- US, K, 6001.

PLATE III 1, 2, 2a. Heminautilus sanctaecrucis C o n t e. Drjankov Hill, Pusevo Village, Magiira Tongue of the Balgarene Formation. Upper Barremian. 1- MP-US, K, 6001 ; 2, 2a- MP-US K, 6002.

PLATE IV 1, 1a, 2, 2a. Heminautilus sanctaecrucis Co n t e. Drjankov Hill, Pusevo Village, Magii ra Tongue of the Biilgarene Formation. Upper Barremian. I, Ia - MP-US, K, 6003; 2, 2a - MP-US K, 6004.

PLA TE V I, Ia. Heminautilus sa.xbii (Morris). Drjankov Hill, Pusevo Village, Magii ra Tongue of the Biilgarene Formation. Upper Barremian. MP-US, K, 6005.

PLAT E VI I. Lithancylus pushevensis sp. n. Holotype, x 0,5. Drjankov Hill, Pusevo Village, Magiira Tongue of the Biilgarene Formation. Upper Barremian. MP-US, K, 6006.

PLATE VII 1. Lithancylus pushevensis sp. n. Holotype, x 0,5 . Ibid.

PLATE VIII I, 2. Lithancylus pushevensis sp. n. Holotype, x 0,5. Ibid.

PLATE IX I. Barremites waageni (S i m i o n e s c u). Drjankov Hill, Pusevo Village, Magiira Tongue of the Bftlgarene Formation. Upper Barremian. MP-US, K, 6007.

PL ATE X 1. Barremites sp. D rjankov Hill, Pusevo Village, Magiira Tongue of the Bii lgarene Formation. Upper Barremian. MP-US, K, 6008. 2. Valdedorse/la haugi B res k o v ski. East of the Pusevo Village, Debelcovo-Mladen Tongue of the Balgarene Formation. Lower Barremian. MP-US, K, 305.

a

b

c

Fig. 3. Types of suture line and ventral area of the genus Heminautilus (after C o n t e, 1980) a- H. sanctaecrucis Conte; b- H. saxbii (Morris); c- H. la/lierianus (d'O r big n y)

H eminautilus saxbii (M o r r i s, 1848)

Pl. V, fig. J, Ja 1848. Nautilus saxbii M o r r i s, p. I 06 & fig . 1964. Heminautilus saxbii M o r r i s sensu Kummel, p. K 454, fig . 335 - 2a, 2b. vpars 1967. Xenochelins /allierianus (d' 0 r big n y, 1840) sensu H M H T B ,n p o a, p. 18 (K1 1693 & K1 1694, non K1 1692=H. sanctaecrucis). 1972. Heminautilus la/lierianus (d'O r b.) sensu Sornay et.Marin, p. 103. 1980. Heminauti/us saxbii M o r r i s sensu C o n t e, p. 139, pl. I, fig . 4 b. Nomenclature. The M o r r i s (1848) specimen originating from the Lower Aptian, Lower Greensand near Artherfield, England, is the holotype. Dimensions: D H E L H~ EM L~ K 6005 (from the Pusevo Village) 53 35 24 4 0.66 0.68 0.07 JS 1693 ()J. H M H T p o B a, 1967, p. 18-19, from the Kara Mihal Village) 1l0 81 41 11 0.67 0.50 0.09 D e s c r i p t i o n. Discoidal involute conchs with average dimensions. The whorl section is triangle, higher than wide. The flanks are smooth and expressively convergent towards the smooth vertical area. The suture line is with a narrow and relatively deep lateral lobe and comparatively narrow lateral saddle.

5 Geologica Balcanica, 25, I 65 Comparison s.Heminautilus saxbii differs from H. sanctacrucis and H. lallierianus with its smooth ventral area and suture line character. D i s t rib u t i o n. England, France, Switzerland, Spain, Bulgaria. Barremian - Aptian. M a.t e ria I and deposits. Lower Barremian: MP - ps, K 1693, Kara Mihal Village, Sumen District; MP - US, K 1694, Kriva Reka Village, Sumen District (.ll: H M H T­ 1 p o B a, 1967, p. 18, 19); Upper Barremian: MP- US, K 6005, to the north from the Pusevo 1 Village, Velika Tarnovo District.

Subclass Z i t t e I, 1884 Order LYTOCERATIDA Hyatt, 1889 Suborder Wiedmann, 1866

Superfamily ANCYLICERATACEAE, 1876 Family Meek, 1876

Subfamily ANCYLOCERATINAE M e e k, 1876 Genus Lithancylus C as e y, 1960 T y p e s p e c i e s. Hamites grandis J. de C. Sowerby, 1828, Lower Aptian (Deshayesites deshaesi Zone), SE England, by original designation of C a s e y (1960, p. 16). "G en e r i c c h a r act e r •s. Coiling probably ancyloceratid, though the presence of an initial spiral is uncertain. Shaft very long and slender, straight or slightly curved, subcircular or elliptical in cross-section, sculptured with low, narrow, densely-spaced costae that pass obliquely forwards across the sides and are bowed gently forwards on the venter. Costae in maximum relief on the venter, at a minimum on the dorsum. Crozier with trituberculate, heavy, distant costation and suboctagonal cross-section as in Australiceral gigas. Body-chamber commences at the beginning of the crozier. Suture-line of Ancyloceral-type, highly complex, with narrow trifid lateral lobes; saddles so deeply dissected as to appear balanced on thread­ like zigzag stems" (Casey, 1961, p. 70). R e m a r k s. The species is very interesting with the type of the conch, as well as with the ornament character. Its suture line is from the Ancylocerds-type (Casey, 1961; K I in­ g e r & K e n n e d y, 1977). The type of coiling is close to this of the Ancyloceras, though no specimen with initial plain -spiral part was found yet. All kiwwn representatives ofLithancylus have well formedHamulina-type straight part transferring into final crozier. The comparative analysis of the up to now findings of this genus, as well as the characteristic features of the Bulgarian specimen give the assumption that the Lithancylus do not probably have an initial plain-spiral part of the conchs. It is from the Hamulina-type, as shown on the C a s e y's scheme (1960, text - fig. 5; 1). Besides the type species (L. grandis C as e y, 1961, p. 70, pl. XIX. figs. 1a, b; pl. XX, fig. 1a-c; text- figs . 27a, 28) we include the following species toLithancylus: L. tirolensis Casey (1961, p. 74 text- fig. 29) from the Upper Barremian of Puez Alp, Tyrol (=Ancyloceras cf. audouli A s t i e r sensu H a u g, 1889, pl. XI, fig 2); L. Justis C a s e y (1961, p. 75, pl. XXI, figs. 4a-d) from the Lower Aptian, Hythe Beds, southern England; several An de r son's species (1938) - "Hemibalulites" cyclopius (Anderson, 1938, p. 221, pl. 58, fig. 3; pl. 66, figs . 3, 3a); "Hemibaculites" neleus (ibid., p. 221, figs. 2, 2a; fig. 3); "Hemibaculites" nauplius (ibid., p. 221, pl. 66, figs. 2, 2a); "Hemibaculites" mirabilis (ibid., p. 220, pl. 78, figs. 2a, 3); all from the Horsetown Group, California, probably Barremian-Aptian;L. australis Day (1967, p. 19, pl. 2, figs. 1-5, text- fig . 2 from the Aptian of Eromanga Basin, Queensland, Australia; L. guanocoensis L e a n z a (1970, p. 204, fig. III, 1-4) from Patagonia and Lithancylus sp. K I in g e r & Kennedy (1977, p. 254, figs . 25A-B, 83A, 84A- C) from the Lower Aptian of Lubemba, South Mozambique. The T h oms on specimen (1974, p. 15, pl. II, fig. 1),

66 described like Lithancylus (?) sp., resembles Hamulina, though its suture line'is from the Ancyloceras. We agree with the opinion of K I in g e r & Kennedy (1977, p. 255) that the Bulgarian specimen, described by .ll: H M H T p o B a (1967, p. 61, pl. 29, fig . 1), likeLithancylus elephas (And e r s o n, 1938), does not pertain to the Lithancylus, as it practically has "an inflated body chamber which is a characteristic of Ancyloceras (Audoliceras) rather than Lithancylus" (ibid., p. 254). It seems that Lithancylus is a widely spread genus, although its species are not very frequent. This can probably be explained with the features of its shells, because separate fragments resemble other genera. Undoubtfully, Lithancylus has for the time being been identified in Europe (England, Austria - Tyrol, Bulgaria), Africa (Mozambique), North America (California), South America (Patagonia) and Australia. V e r t i c a 1 d i s t r i b u t i o n. Top of Barremian and Lower Aptian.

Lithancy/us pushevensis sp. n.

Pl. VI, fig. I; pl. VII, fig . I; pl. VIII, fig . 1. 2 Nomen cIa t u r e. The name originates from the village ofPusevo, Veliko Tarnovo District. The specimen figured on pl. VI-VIII is the holotype. It is found in th e Magii ra Tongue of the Balgarene Formation, Drjankov Hill, to the north of the village of Pusevo, Veliko Tii rnovo District. Upper Barremian. D i mens ions: mm General length above 470 Whorl breadth of the proximate shaft part 32 Whorl height of the proximate shaft part 51 Wb of the initial crozier part 57 Wh of the initial crozier part 78 Wb close to the aperture 73 Wh close to·the aperture 91 Wb of the crozier 195 Des c r i p t i on. Large ammonite from theAncyloceras-type. The specimen is incomplete from its proximal part. The whorl section is elliptical to oval, in all cases the height is more than the width. The shell is built up of a long straight part (shaft) which passes in a strong final curving (crozier). The straight part is Hamulina-like, covered by strong, low, rounded oblique ribs, wich pass through the ventral area without decreasing their relief. At the beginning of the crozier stronger ribs with ventral tubercule appear. Further on the ornament character is determined by very strong tritubercular ribs with 2-4 secondarty ribs between them without tubercules. The body chamber covers only the crozier. The suture line is incompletely observed, though it looks complex and interlocated, Remarks. Lithancylus pushevensis sp. n. is close to L. grandis (J. de C. Sower by, 1828) (Casey, 1961, pl. XIX, figs. 1a, b; pl. XX, figs . a, b, c) differing for its compressed whorl section, ornament character and presence of intercalatory ribs located between tritubercular major ribs in the crozier. The whorl section of the new species is close to L. neleus (Anderson, 1938, pl. 59, figs . 2, 2a), though the Bulgarian specimen displays stronger ribbing in comparison with the latter. Lithancylus sp. (K I i n g e r & K e n n e d y, 1977, p. 254, figs. 25A-B, 83A, 84A_ C) is also of interest, possessing the same shaft ribbing, but with practically equidimensional whorl section. Disc rib uti on. Bulgaria. Upper Barremian. M a t e r i a I a n d d e p o s i t s. One fragmented but well preserved specimen.: from the Upper Barremian MP -US K 6006, to the north from the Pusevo Village, Veliko Tarnovo 1 District.

67 Order Hyatt, 1889 Suborder AMMONITINA H y a t t , 1889

Superfamily DESMOCERATACEAE Zit t e I, 1895 Family Zit t e I, 1895

Subfamily BARREMITINAE B r e s k o v s k i, 1977 Genus Barremites K i 1 i a n, 1913 T y p e s p e c i e s. Ammonites difficilis d'O r b i g n y, 1841. Barremian, SE France, by original designation by K i 1 i an (1913). Genera 1 characters. Averagely to strongly involute ammonites with compressed whorl section. Sinusoid ribs and feeble intermediate striae are observed over the sides. R e m a r k s.Barremites includes several subgenera which characteristics are not precise, and the status of some of the genera is under discussion. The revision of this species is beyond the subject of this study. D i s t r i b u t i o n. Cosmopolite. Barremian.

Barremites waageni (S i m i a n e s c u, 1898)

Pl. IX, fig . 1 1898. Desmoceras Waagen i n. f. S i m i o n e s c u, p. 127, pl. III, fig. I a, b, c. vl967. Barremites (Cassidoiceras) waageni (Simione s c u, 1898) sensu ,n u M u T p o B a, p. 132, pl. LXIV, fig . 5. . Nomen c 1 at u r e. The lectotype, )lere designated, is the syntype ofS i m ion esc u (1898, pl. 3, fig. la-c). It is found in Valea-Meurii, Dimboviciorei, South Carpathian, Romania. Barremian. C o m p a r i s o n s. The species is characterized by distinct discoidal form of the conchs, relatively narrow umbilicus and funnel-like umbilical area. B. hemiptychus (K i 1 ian, 1888) is the closest to B. waageni, possessing considerably more compressed whorl section. D i s t r i b u t i o n. Romania, Bulgaria. Barremian. Materia 1 and deposits. Lower Barremian: MP- US, K 1648, Ostrovce Village, Razgrad District()]; H M H T p o B a, 1967, p. 132, pl. LXIV, fig. 5); Upper Barremian: K 6007, to the north of the Pusevo Village, Veliko Tarnovo District. 1 Barremites sp. pl. X, fig. 1 D i m e n s i o n s: D II 0 E O{D H{D K 6008 117 55 24 - 0.20 0.48 1 D e s c r i p t i o n. Discoidal, slightly ellipticone shell with relatively slowly increasing curves. The ware section is higher than wide. The umbilicus is averagely wide, with oblique flanks and sharp edge. Over the sides well expressed sinusoid ribs are observed, usually without lateral streations. The intervals between the ribs are smooth. Comparisons. This ammonite species is close toBarremites difficilis (d'O r b.) and to Barremites subdifficilis (K a r.). It difrs from B. difficilis by the lack of depression on the lateral walls near the umbilicus, and from B. subdifficilis- by the lack of striae in the intervals between the ribs. The similarities with the Simione s c u' s (1898, pl. IV, fig. 1) speciemen, determined by the author like "Desmoceras difficile d'O r b.", are the biggest. In fact, the species

68 is related with Barremites difficilis dimboviciorensis B r e s k o v s k i by E p e c K o B c K H (1966, pl. VI, fig. 2). M a t e r i a 1 a n d d e p o s i t. Upper Barremian: MP - US K 6008, to the north of 1 Pusevo, Veliko Tarnovo District.

Subfamily PUZOSINAE S p a t h, 1922 Genus Valdedorsella B r e i s t r o f f e r, 1947 Type species. Desmoceras akuschaense Ant h u 1 a, 1899. Lower Aptian, by the original designation of Breis troffer (1947). G e n e r i c c h a r a c t e r s. The conch is inflated with slightly shallowed sides and rounded venture. Oval ware section. The ornaments are represented by radial constrictions and fine ribs located between them. D i s t r i b u t i o n. Cosmopolite. Lower - Upper Aptian.

V aldedorsella haugi B r e s k o v s k i, 1966

pl. X, fig. 2 v1966. Valdedorsel/a haugi sp. nov. I> p e c K o B c K H, p. 95, pl. VI, fig. 4 (syn. cum.) v1969. Valdedorsel/a haugi B res k o v ski sensu N i k o I o v, p. 78, fig. 2. Remarks. The species is detailedly characterized byE pecK o B c K H (1966). M a t e r i a 1 a n d d e p o s i t s. Lower Barremian: MP - US K 406 (E p e c K o B­ 1 e K H, 1966, p. 95, pl. Vi, fig. 4, holotype ), to the south of Brestak Village, Varna District; Upper Barremian: MP - US K 305 (H H K o no B, 1969, p. 78, fig. 2). 1 * * * The completion of this work was possible due to the financial support of the National Fund for Scientific Research (contract Nr. H3- 218/1992).

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69 Pic t e t, E-J., Campiche, G. 1858-1860. Description des fossiles du terrain C:n!tac des environs de Sainte-Croix. Geneve, 1, 2; 380 p. S i m i o n e s c u, I. 1898.- Studii geologice ~i paleontologice din carpatii sudici. II. Fauna neocomiana din basenul Dimboviciorei . - Publ. Found. Vasilie Adamaci, II; 101-167. So r n a y, J., Marin, Ph. 1972. Sur Ia faune d'ammonites aptiennes de Ia Tejeria de Josa (Teruel, Espagne).- Ann. de Paleontologie, 58, 1; 101-114. · Thomson, M . R. A. 1974. Ammonite faunas from the Lower Cretaceous of south-eastern Alexander Island.­ Br. Antarct. Surv. Sci. Rep. 80; 1044. E pecK o B c K H, C. 1966. liHOCTpaTHrpalfiHll Ha 6apeMa, IOJKHO OT c. lipecTaK, BapHeHCKO. - Tp. reon. E'hnr., cep., nan., 8; 71-125 . .l1; H M H T p 0 B a, H. 1967. cllOCHJIHTe Ha D'hJlrapHll. IV. ,lJ;OJIHa Kpe~a . rnaBOHOfH (Nautiloidea H Ammonoidea). - 113~ . liAH, C., 236 p . .l1; p y ~ H ~ . B. B., K y ~ p ll ~ e B, M. II. (pe~ . ) . 1960. ATnac HHJKHeMeJIOBOH «f!ayHbi CesepHoro KaBKa3a H KpbiMa. rocTOIITeXH3.UaT, M., 700 p. K a p aKa m, H . H . 1907. HHJKe-MenOBble OTJIOJKeHHll Kpb!Ma H HX «f!ayHa. - Tp. HMrrepaT. C. - IleTep6yprcKoro 06~ecTBa EcTeCTBOHCII., 32, 5: 1-442. H H K on o B, T. 1969. 0THOCHO B'h3pacrra Ha yproHCKHTe ce.nHMeHTH B IIpe.n6anKaHa. - 1'13B. reon. HHCT., 18; 73-82. X pH c q e B, X. 1966. 1IHTocTpaTHrpa$Hll Ha JioseiiiKaTa yproHcKa rpyna.- H3B . reon. HHCT., 15; 231-240.

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