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Pomwisedr1207.Pdf (3.927Mb) STUDIES OF PEPTIDE MIMICRY OF THE GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS TYPE III CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN by Rattanaruji Pomwised A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana August 2007 © COPYRIGHT by Rattanaruji Pomwised 2007 All Rights Reserve ii APPROVAL of a dissertation submitted by Rattanaruji Pomwised This dissertation has been read by each member of the dissertation committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citations, bibliographic style, and consistency, and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. Dr. Mark Young Approved for the Department of Microbiology Dr. Tim Ford Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree at Montana State University, I agree that the library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. I further agree that copying of this dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for extensive copying or reproduction of this dissertation should be referred to ProQuest Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, to whom I have granted “the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute my dissertation in and from microform along with the non- exclusive right to reproduce and distribute my abstract in any format in whole or in part.” Rattanaruji Pomwised August, 2007 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my parents, Damnern and Samroum, and my brother, Natthakon for all the unconditional love and support during my graduate studies. Their love and care sustained me through this endeavor. Secondly, I would like to thank the Royal Thai government for providing me scholarships since my first step in the U.S. Next, I would like to thank my mentor, Dr. Seth Pincus, who introduced me to the world of microbiology and immunology, for all his support, patience and kindness. I am extraordinarily fortunate to have him as my advisor. This work would not have been possible without his help and support. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Mark Young for his lab collaboration and providing valuable suggestions to the project. I also would like to thank the Young lab members especially Debbie Willits and Sue Brumfield for being such great helps. I greatly appreciate Dr. Martin Teintze for his lab collaboration and allowing me use his lab as my lab base during the move from Montana to New Orleans. I would also like to thank the many members of the Pincus laboratory both in Montana and Louisiana – their friendship and assistance has been invaluable. My thanks also go to the Microbiology Department staff, especially Kari Cargill, who have done all of the foot-work in Montana necessary to allow me to complete my graduate work in Louisiana and in Thailand. I would like to thank my friends Emily and Barrett for packing me in their backpacks during hurricane seasons. I also would like to thank my best fiends, Waranya Thibodee, Ittiphong Leevongwat and Chirawan Thana, for all the help and support. Their help and care upheld me through all difficulties. v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 Streptococcus .................................................................................................................. 1 Growth and Classification .......................................................................................... 2 Group A Streptococcus............................................................................................... 5 Pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae).............................................................. 9 Other Streptococci .................................................................................................... 11 Group B Streptococcus (GBS)...................................................................................... 12 Identification and Morphology ................................................................................. 12 Lab Test .................................................................................................................12 Capsule and Group Antigen...................................................................................13 Phase Variation ......................................................................................................14 GBS Infections.......................................................................................................... 15 Disease Caused by GBS.........................................................................................15 Epidemiology and Transmission............................................................................16 Pathophysiology of Infection.................................................................................... 17 Adherence ..............................................................................................................18 Invasion..................................................................................................................20 Host Injury .............................................................................................................23 Avoidance of Immune System...............................................................................24 Induction of Sepsis Syndrome ...............................................................................27 Use of Antibiotics to Prevent and Treat GBS Infection ........................................... 29 Protective Immunity to GBS..................................................................................... 31 Development of a GBS Vaccine............................................................................... 33 Mimotopes .................................................................................................................... 36 Antigen...................................................................................................................... 36 Epitope...................................................................................................................... 37 Antigen-Antibody Interaction................................................................................... 38 Anti-Idiotype Antibody (Anti-Id) ............................................................................. 39 Polysaccharide Antigen ............................................................................................ 40 Epitope Mapping....................................................................................................... 42 Mimotope.................................................................................................................. 43 Phage Display Technology ....................................................................................... 45 Peptide Mimicry of Carbohydrate Structure............................................................. 48 Peptide Mimics of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Group B Streptococcus ............................................................................................. 52 Conjugate Vaccines and Carriers.................................................................................. 54 Vaccines to Microbial Polysaccharides .................................................................... 54 Virus-Based Carrier Systems.................................................................................... 57 Plant Virus-Based Vaccine ....................................................................................... 58 Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV).............................................................................60 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS-CONTINUED Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) .............................................................61 Research Goals.............................................................................................................. 64 2. CCMV EXPRESSING PEPTIDES THAT MIMIC THE GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL EPITOPE......................................................... 66 Introduction................................................................................................................... 66 Materials and Methods.................................................................................................. 67 Engineering CCMV-Peptide S9 Chimera (Plant Expression) .................................. 67 Verifying Positive Clones......................................................................................... 68 In Vitro Transcription of CCMV cDNAs for Plant Inoculation ............................... 69 Plant Inoculation....................................................................................................... 70 ELISA ....................................................................................................................... 70 In Vitro Transcription and Translation ..................................................................... 71 Engineering CCMV-S9 Chimeras in Pichia pastoris............................................... 71 Protein Expression and Small Scale Time Course Experiment................................ 73 Medium Scale Expression of CCMV-S9 Chimeras in P. Pastoris..........................
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