<<

Neeme Jdri is Principal Conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra and Musical Director of the Scottish National Orchestra. He was botn in , . in 1937 and studied at the Tallinn Music School and later at the Leningrad State Conseroatory with Rabinovich md Mravinsky. He made his debut at the age of 18 in a concert performance of Strauss's "Eine Nacht in Venedig" md in 1963 became director of the Estonian Radio and Television Orchestra and of the Tallinn Opera. He lvon first Ijrize at the international conducting competition in in 1971, which led to invita- tions to conduct major orchestras throughout the world. In 1980 Neeme Jiiwi emigrated to the U.S.A. and ever since then he has worked extensively both with the leading orchestras in the Western world and in prominent opera houses. Dudng the 1978-9 season he made his debut with "Eugene Onegin". With the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra he has been involved with tous to and. in March 1987, to the U,S.A. and Far East. He is engaged in recording projects of the complete orchestra-l music of Sibelius, Stenhmmar and Tubin for the BIS label.

Kerstin Lundin studied singing with Ingrid Maria Rappe (founder of 's Vadstena Academy). She is best known as an oratorio slnger (Southern Sweden, Denmak and ) but is also a concert singer (Malmii Symphony Orchestra, Helsingborg Sym- phony Orchestra) and a lieder singer (Netherlmds, Sweden).

Lund's Student Choral Society dates its origins from 1831 and is now one of Sweden's oldest choirs. Since 1972 the choir's artistic directol has been Folke Bohlin. During re- cent years, activity has increaed and the repertoire has been extended. Besides its regu- Iar performances in Lund (including the May Day concert from the university steps, broadcast and televised) and appearances throughout Sweden, the choir has made con- cert tours of Poland, Britain. SwitzerlaDd, and the Nordic countries, including Iceland.

The Gothenbug Symphony Orchestra, one of the oldest in . wro founded in 19o5. within a short period the , piardst and conductor won the orchestra a leading position in Scmdinavim musical life. and made frequent guest appearances conducting their own works. and continued the tradition. The principal conductors in recent yeils have been Sergiu Comisiona, and Chaies Dutoit. Other famous conductors who have made guest appearances with the orchestra include . Wilhelm Futwiingler, Edch Kleiber, Sir , Sir Malcolrn Sargent, Sir , Sir , md . Since autum 1982 the chief conductor has been the highy sought-after Estonian Neeme Jd.rvi.

We gratefully ack.nowledgethe support towards the cost of this production from the Society in Sweden, Bruno & Helge Laan, Hendrih Leesment, Eriha Andreas, Heino J6gis, Marje & Rein Luih. Tubin startedto composehis Requiemin 1950 but in the middle of the secondmovement he sudd- enly ceared writing. It rvasnot until nineteen ]'eils later that he continued with the work and he fin- ishedjt on 17 August 1979. The poem "Greetings"forms the basisof the first movement. It was written by (born 1890-died in NervYork 1951)during theEstonianwuofindependenceinl9l9. Organand timpani begin the melancholyfuneral music and the choir sings: "How fine to die still young". In - the middle of the movementcomes a note of some consolation: " those who are left will live in freedonr". Estoniabecame an independentcount4 until 1940. The first movementis in someways conrparable\rith the classic.Req uie m aeternam. 'fhe secondnrorement's "A Soldier'sFuneral" (Henrik Visnapuu)was written in 1944 at a much hardertime: this time it proved impossiblefor the Estoniansto achievelreedom betweentwo mighty poners. The dramaticmusical language of the Pcond movementis reminiscentof a Dies irae' The third movement. "The Soldier'sIIother" is for plo contralto. The poem by (born 1883.died in Stockholm1980) isfrom 19-12.Themusicallanguage isheremoreintimate-a mother talks to her son who ison leavefrom the battle-fieldbut who must return. The text of the fourth movement,"Lilac" (Henrik Visnapuu),again dates from 1919. The poet contrastsboughs of lilacwith riflesand war. The fifth movement beginswith a lengthy trumpet slo and the choir repeatsthe text and music of the first morement though in an aliered form. Here again one can find parallels to the classicalre- quiem. At the end one hears the trumpet play some notes from the Estonian folksong "Beneath the wise man'slodging". Tubin saidhimself in this connectionthat the dying pldier's lastthoughts go to thos at home. The was first performed on 17 IIay 1981 in 'sHedvig EleonoraChurch with rhe composerconducting. Those partjcipatingwere Stockholm'sEstonian Male Choir, IleanaPeter- sn (contralto),I{ark Falsjci(organ), Torben Rehnberg(trumpet), Seppo Asikainen(side-drum) and Richad Sundstedt(timpani). This wasEduard Tubin's lastappearance as a conductor.

Eduard Tubin was born on 18th June 1905 at Kallaste on Lake Peipus in Estonia. He receivedhis mu' sical education at the Tartus Musical High School, where he passedihrough 's composition class. In the autumn of 1944 he and his family fled to Sweden, and he lived in Stockholm until his deathon 17th November1982. Tubin,s Tenth Symphony was commisioned by the Gothenburg Orchestral Society. Tubin stdted work on it on 1Oth Jinuary 1g?3 and three months later, on 4th April, it was ready. "As I was in a huny, the symphony has only one movement," the composer commented half in jest. But this one movement contiins in truth the elementsof four movements fused together into a singleunity. The Tenth symphony starts with a melancholy Adagio from the strings (l). Their forwad motion is interupted Uy u n"rri call (II), which returns later. Piltly this call forms a contrast to the strings' sentimentality and languor, and partly it links the separate"moyements". I'rom the call chords often 'lhe develop which accompany the themes themselves,and also certain rhythmic motifs. oboe pre" sents the third theme (III) accompanied by the second violins and violas. In the last two bars we find m oboe decoration (a) which will asume great significancelater. From the Adagio, a timpani accelerandoleads to the main part of the work - Allegro molto ma energico. This starts with violent chords from the trombones and tuba, showing some resemblanceto the horn calls earlier.These chords ale then taken over by the , bassoons,violas and . The first theme of the classicalsonata-form allegro is given to the violins (V), and later to the full orchestra. A horn solo leads to a lyrical episode where the following musical material (VI) is develo- ped. The oboe returns with its decoration. which is then passedto the full orchestra. In the development we hear first the main theme (V), which then appears in an energetic and powerful form (VII). It is accompanied by the syncopated rhythm from the lyrical episode. The dotted rhythm of the horn call (II) is recalled in the strings' mysteriously coloured ostinato (VIII). To this accompaniment we hear again the powerful theme (VII), now solidly with extended note- values (IX). The horn call (II) leads on from the development, this time played by the whole bras section except the tuba. Now comes the reprise, at the end of which we hetr the oboe decoration (a), now played first by the flute, then the oboe and finally by the full orchestra. After a major subsidenceTubin basesthe entire scherzo (X) upon the apparently insignificant oboe decoration (a). After a lyrical interlude, featuring a lengthy violin solo, the stormy scherzo continues until it is suddenly cut off by the horn call(II). Now the Adagio festivo begins, which grows with enolmous power until the symphony,s biggest climax and then dies away to the peaceful ending of the work. Tubin's Tenth Symphony was first played by the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra on 27th September 1973, conducted by the American, William Byrd. The composer himself was present to receiveovatiods from the public and the orchestra alike. Tubin alustas Reekviemi komponeerimist 1950.a., kuid Il osa keskel jiti ta tod pooleli. Ta jiit. kas sddltalles l9 aastathiljemja lOpetasreose 17. aug.1919.

I osa alusekson Henrik Visnapuu (1890 - surnud l95l New yorgis) luuletus,,ole terviter, tervitet", kirjutatud Eesti VabadussOjaajal l9l9.a. Orel ja timpanid alustavadraskepdrase leinamuu- sikaganing koor Iaulab: ,,Nii ilus on surra kui oled noor". Hiljem kostub teatavatroostina: ,,Kes ijle jliab, vabalt vdib elada." Eesti oligi iseseisevkuni 19.10.aastani. Teatava maerani vOiks I osa v0rrelda klassikahseRequient aetenrum'iga.

II osa tekst, ,,Sodurimatus" (H. Visnapuu) on luuletatud 19,14.a.,niisiis hoopis raskemalajal: seekord ei Onnestunudeestlastel taassaarutadaoma vabadust kahe suurv6imu vahel. Helikeele dra- maatilisuselton seeosa olsekui Dies rae.

lll osa on aldisoolo,,,SOduriema" (Mane Under: 1883 - surnud 1980 Stokholmis).mille tekst pdrineb 1942.a. Muusika on siin intiimsem - ema koneleb lahinguviiljalt koju tulnud pojaga, kes agapeab sotta tagasiminema.

IV osa, ,,Sireli"(H. Visnapuu) luuletus pdrineb jiillegi 1919.a..Poeet on vastandanudsireli 6ie- kobarad piissirauaja sOjaga.(Vabadussdja ajal olid t0drukud asetanud koolis sireli6isi oma lange- nud koolivendadetindipotiaukudesse.) V osa algab pikena trompetisoologa ning koor kordab I osa teksti ja muusikat mdnev6rra varieeritud kujul. (Ka siin v6ib leida samasust klassikalise reekviemi vomiga.) L6puks m?ingib trompet katkendi eesti rahvaviisist,,Targa rehea.lune". Nagu Tubin sellega seosesijtles - sureva soduri viimane mOte liiheb koju.

,,Reekviem" tuli esiettekandele17. mail l98l Stokholmis Hedvig Elonora kirikus. Kaastege- vad olid Stokholmi Eesti Meeskoor, lleana Peterson (alt), Mark Falsj

Eduard Tubin siindis 18. juunrl 1905 Kallastel, Peipsi jdrve ddres. Muusikalise hariduse omandm KOrgemasMuusikakoolis. kus ldpetm Heino Eller'i kom- positsiooniklassi. 1944.a. septembris pogenes ta koos perekonnaga Rootsi ja elas Stokholmiskuni oma surmani 17.nov. 1981. Tubina X siimtbonia on tellitud Gdteborgi s0mfooniaorkestri poolt. Helilooja alustaskomponeerimist 10. jaan. 1973 ja kolme kuu pdrast,4. aprillil, oli teos valmis. ..Kuna mul oli kiire. tuli stimfoonia ainu!t ijhe osaline". iitles Tubin pool- naljatades. Aga see .,iiks osa" sisaldab Oieti siimfoonia neli erinevat osa tervikuks liidetult. X stimfoonia algab raskemeelseAdagi

Nii ilut d rurrr lui olcd mr, Be heiled, bc h&iled! ni piilao mr3rmr hhn:. Hou fine to die uhen young, Su iintt. on r5prrdc lcin:i Lor, to go to Bleep like the aetting sun. f rdd. tijdrhd i8.Et n6r. Suftounded by the mourning choir eid ruttu ju jmilr Iinnr. of friends, Ol. t.rjrd, tcfviict v:br Drr l Ei mincje unurtr ruudr oluay6 young in their hearts, m:ad scdr, mir rrmartrr ndFna you get quichly to Cod't city. Ji: i8rv6t, igrvdt 6i$or I Hrud rur.jr rmu ei muudr. Be hailed, be hoiled, free country! He uho leauea cannot forget OIe tcp;Fr, F.ve.t kodudrrl the country he loued as a youth. Surm lSili nc mc$i ci murn: Stoy oluaye , alway; in bl@m! jiib. v6ib K6 iilc vrbJt el:d:. The graue cannot change a dying Onn igrvot olSu tinu8r! Nii m:8ut 6 lnu st 3urfr. mn's Iove.

Nii ilot on rurrr kui olcd mr, nii piilcn m:gme minnr. Be hailed, be hoiled, my homelond ! Su iimbcr on:6prrdc lcinei )

MNRIK VISNAPUU I94 SODURI EllA The Soldier's Mothet (ab breuiated) ( it\ctdatud ) Put your hands into mine, \-/mr l6vrd kt"d au plbtu ru\ boirh rind, Eu vrprrt r6jecc!L I hoW rou, my bratre uarrior, P.. eul odrd j!1. rLU pur Again I clasp my honde and prcy .inu Jr n rclvrvln& aL for you ond your comrudeg. So manl! your - N6ndr h.hin. on niiiid ru pdc - face when you left you weri ttill a boy . . . tui !r liklid. olid rll.! poi&.,. - Tul., tulc r8r Ilb.mrl. - Come, but come closer t6lincnd !r mcbrd.r Jr ei!. soddened from the woods and swampt Children'e eyes . , . but as if they kneu hpc.silmrdl... rgr nr8! tli)cid thingc grieuous and. ghutly; brd nii h6ndrfi. dr ri* jr v6il; os if they hnew more than they ,hould t.rlljd vrh.!t rchk.b kui nrd p.rk!id, - nrt! t€rklid - nrg! t.rklid k6iL. as if they hneu hneu it all. Don't just 6tand there silently ! Alr eilr n6ndr hur tulErlt! What's behind your 6tore - Mr .u pil8u b8r - l@turb luud . . . - - uhy so tongue-tied . . . Nrl.lt luuElt Elult" Slmlt kumbdt - you, ol.4 rjnuman., miraitud? Life or Deoth uhich hos marhed uhich hu giuen a premonition? Sinu lied mu libt jiu! lbu Your hands uere torn from mine ogain r116 hii5k.in. hu lilereell still uet from my tear6. prn.n vrik!.lt rilu Jill€ 06rd Again I my honds and pmy .lnu ji !u rclvrvcnaL sL clasp for you ond your comrades. Ei mu beled kiiini .nu Euuj, I can't get it off my mind, olcn Li.tud DrSu u. pfrlt - I am torn ss sleep - dlc! puudutin !u ldlu pruuni - from I just touched your broun lochs - jubr puhib tuirk !u iiltd jiilt . . . nou the blizzard er6es your steps. Lih.d linnr lumailjrdlIl., You go to those snowfiel.dt. hit&bddju rilu l6rd lijb. o guord.ion angel ualhs beside you. Oobn vail*lt, kunj tul.d j!!!, I woit quietly for your return trus v6it Jr vrbrdu! jr l.ib. uith uictory and freedom ond bread. X@klki lbu [mb.r !.Uc nu. Euen if death should wesue luh. rutur obr le, its great snowy shrcud around you, jiim. juw: liilkj tti!. bie ue uould Etill stay cloce to each other Einu liiduc. on lbd e. in my heart you haue uarmth.

II^FIE UNDEN I942 S]RELI Lilsc * Liloc put in the gunboftel S;,.1i b,l.! piiilrudr. Srrcli, rircli. Lilac, liloc. ,.lju o^ r6pru I.n8ftd hr,,d: Many s friend h6 follen, lilo,c. Lilac htd,eout, watch the foe. s,rlt6 ririr, vdv! vr6i.n Liloc, Iilac. S icli, trclr Lilac strewn from epring's shouwer. S rlit ld.d puirt.b l.6lr( Lilac. Lilac behind the home windou. Sirljt lodu rlne tr6r Lilac, lilac- Sirdi, rireli. Liloc Ho! doze, sleep! Strclit Eo! uinu, hr8.l Lilac-time wsr, thinh of lil4c. Liloc, lilac. SiFli, 6dr, rirclil l.ndr. Lilac ircteod of Eteel. Sircli, rircl.i. Lilac. Sir.lit rru, vlitu:ndr. Lilac put in the gunbaneL Srcli. Lilac, Iilac. Many o has follen. Srrcli rrlrr pi*ioudr. friend. SiEli, !,'"1i. Liloc. Palju on 6pru hngmd hrudr Lilac at home! Sproys of lilac! sil.1i. Lilac, Iiloc! Lilac home - sokiier's hauen! Sirclit kodul Sircli rrri!l Libc. Si.eli, ''rdil Sjrclir kodu - $du'i q'ju' Liloc gives luck! Count the leaues. Sitcli. Lilac, Iilac. Lilac to foes ond friends. Sirclist 5nn.l KrlcrLord: ncli. Lilac. Sr.li, riFli. * In the we of independence Estonim Sir.lit 3ullc v6or j1 v.li Sircli. students maked the deaths of their comrades by putting splays of lilac in ENRIK VISNAPUU I9I9 their inkwells.

English Translatio\: Eino Tubin Neeme JXrvi ist Chefdirigent des Gdteborger Sinfonieorchesters und Musical Director des Scottish National Orchestra. Er wurde 1937 in Tallinn (Reval) geborenund studierte an der Tal.linner Musikschule sowie speter am Leningrader Staaiskonservatorium bei Rabin- owich und Mtawinskij. Mit 18 Jahren debiitierte er als Dirigent in einer Konzertauffiih- rung der ,,Nacht in Venedig", und 1963 wu.rde er Direktor des Orchesters des estnischen Rundfunks und Fernsehens und del Tallinner Oper. Er gewann den l.heis bei einem intemationa.len Dirigentenwettbewerb in Rom 1971, was zu Dirigierauftragen bei fiihren- den Orchestern der ganzen Welt fiib-rte. 1980 emigrierte Neeme Jiini in die u.s.A.. seither hat er mit fiihrenden sinfonieol- chestetn deJWestens und in den groBen opemhdusern (darunter Metropoutan opera in New York) gearbeitet. Mit dem Gtiteborger Sinfonieorchester wurde er fiir verschi- edene Tou.rnees engagiert, darunter nach Deutschland und, in Miirz 1987, in die U.S.A. und den Femen Osten. Er ist mit Aufnahmeprojekten der gesamten Orchestermusikvon Sibelius, Stenhammu und Tubin (Schallplattenmarke BIS) beschiiftigt.

Kerstin Lundin studierte bei Ingrid Maria Rappe Gesang (der Griinderin der vadstena- Akademie). sie ist vor allem als oratoriensiingerin in siidschweden, Ddnemalk md Nor- wegen tiitig, auch aber als Konzerts:ingerin (mit den Sinfonieorchestern in Malmij und Helsingbore). Sie hat auch in Houand und Schweden Liederabende gegeben.

Der Studentensingverein Lund entstand 1831 und ist einer der iiltesten noch aktiven schwedischen Ch

Die Giiteborger Sinfoniker wurden 19O5 gegriindet und sind eines der eltesten Orchester Skandinavienl. Der Komponist, ud Dligent Wilhelm Stentramme brachte bald das Orchester an eine fiihrende Stelle innerhalb des skandinavischen Musiklebens. Jein Sibelius und Carl Nielsen waren hiiufige castdtigenten mit eigener Musik auf dem Programm, und Tor Mann und Issay Dobrowen fiihrten die Traditi.on weiter' Chefdiri- Dutoit. genlen spiiterer-beriihmte zeit wden Sergiu Comisiona, Sixten Ehrling und Charles iVeitere Gastdirigenten waren Bruno Walter, Wilhelm Futwdngler, Erich Kteiber, Sir iohn Barbirolli, Si.r , Sir Colin Davis, Sir ceorg Solti, Her- bert von Karajan und Zubin Mehta. Ab Herbst 1982 gelang es dem orchester, den sehr gefragten estnischen Dirigenten Neeme Jiirvi als Chefdirigent zu gewinnen. X SYI\{PIJONY

) -- rq( A1\;" )

bJ^!. ,J fw l)2 Tj):- '-/ 4.1

+r I . ; | +l 7l-l -7-? vvry L-P '/ -J

P:;f acceleranto -e,l--- - )"91. ,i,lf\----=/

r

:) J. t) ^_,:l_

i llQ4.. ,^\ J..roo'-rot -tle. ---1t J^Jtll- cb. , -lft

fi+ U Neeme Jdri est le chef d'orchestre principal de l'Orchestre Symphonique de Gothem- bourg et le directeu musical de I'Orchestre National d'Ecose. Il est n€ en 1937 d Tallinn, Estonie, et a 6tudi6 au Conservatoire de Tallinn puis au Conservatoire National de Leningrad avec Rabinovich et Mravinsky. Il fit ses ddbuts i l,age de 18 ans lors d'une exdcution de concert de < Eine Nacht in Venedig ) de Strauss et. en 1963. il devenait le directeu de I'Orchestre de Ia Radio et Tdl6vision d'Estonie et de I'Opdra de Talunn. Il gagna le premier prix du concouls international pou chefs d'orchestre a Rome en 1971, ce qui lui amena des invitations d diriger des orchestres majerus partout dans le monde. En 1980, Neeme Jdrvi 6mtra aux Etats-Unis et il a beaucoup travailld depuis avec les orchestres majeurs du monde occidental et dans d,6minentes maisons d'op6ra. Lors de la saison 1978-79, il fit ses d6buts a I'Op6ra Mdtropo[tain avec < Eugene Onegin D. Avec Neeme Jdrvi, I'Orchestre Symphonique de Gothembourg a fait des tou-rn6es en AIle- magne et, en mars. il se rendra aux Etats-Unis et en Extr€meorient. Neeme Jiirvi est engagd a entegi-strer l'intdefale de la musique orchestrale de Sibeuus, Stenhammar et Tubil: su 6tiqu.cte BIS.

I(erstin Lundin. Etudes de chant avec Ingrid Muia Rappe (fondatrice de I'Acad.imie Vadstena), chante sutout de I'oratorio (Su€de du sud, Danemalk et Notvdge) mais fait ausi du concert (Orchestres symphoniques de Malmti, Helsingborg) et du recital (Hol- lande, Suede).

L'Associatlon de Chant des Etudiantr de Lud existe depuis 1831 et est un des chcurs encore actifs le plus ancien de Sudde. Depuis 1972 Folke Bohlln en est le directeu u- tistique. Ces dernidres anndes le chcu a dt6 toujous plus actif, a particip€ d beaucoup de concerts et a m€me dtendu sn repertoire. En plus des appuitions d'usage dans lcu propre ville (le concert du premier mai sur l,escalier de I'Universit6, diffus6 par la radio et la TV, pou en citer un exemple) et de tourndes de concetts ell Suede, le ch@ur a fait des toundes en Pologne, en Angletene, en Suisse, en France et dans Ies pays nordiques (y compris en Islande).

L'Orchestre Symphonique de Gdteborg fut fondd en 19Ob et est l,un des plus anciers de Sendinavie. En peu de temps Ie compositeu, pianiste et chef d,orchestre Wi_lhelrn Stenhammar acquit a l'orchestre une position de tout premier plan dans tra vie musicale Scandinave. Jean Sibelius et Carl Nielsen fuent fr6quemment invit€s d y diriger leus propres @uvtes. Tor Mann et Issay Dobtowen reprirent la tradition. Ces dernidres ann6es les principaux chefs ont 6t6 , Sixten Ehrling et . D'au- tres chefs renomm6s ont 6t6 invitds i diriger I'orchestre, parmi eux Bruno Walter, Wil- helrn Furtwe'ngler, , Sir John Barbirolli, Sir Malcolm Sargent. Sir Colin Davis, Sir Georg Solti, Herbert von Karajan et Zubin Mehta. Dds l,automne 1g82 I'or- chestre a r6ussi i obteni! les services du chef estonien si recherchi. Neeme Jervi. en ranr que son nouveau dirigeant en chef.