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What is Citizenship? Find the portrait of Dred Scott, and read about him on the label. Talk with your family about this statement: “ To be a citizen is to be accepted, to be ‘one of us.”’ How does being a citizen mean being accepted?

In this exhibition, you will discover how gained citizenship after the Civil War and the racially oppressive system of laws and social customs known as "Jim Crow" which prevented them from exercising their citizenship rights.

Each card includes a guiding How question; three color-coded, gallery-based investigations; to Use and a glossary all exploring a theme in the exhibition. Use These the cards in any order, or do the investigations in one gallery Cards across multiple cards.

Credit: Unidenti ed artist, Dred Scott, after 1857. Oil on canvas. New-York Historical Society. home & family

What makes a home? A family? Enslaved people did not have a choice about keeping their families together or where to make their home. Explore the many ways African Americans created family and home life after slavery. 1 investigati GALLERY on Read the label for this object and discuss with your family: what did building a house like this mean to freed people like William and Lucy Fractious?

1 investigati GALLERY on Why was this Bible so important to the Ellis family that they kept it through so many generations?

Y 3 investigat GALLER ion Two "Exodusters" made this quilt. What is an Exoduster? Why might the family who made this have decided to make a place like Nicodemus, Kansas their home?

GLOSSARY freedman/freedwoman: a person freed from slavery homestead: a family residence, including land and buildings exodus: a mass departure of people

Credits: Model of an A-frame house, Barry Farm, late 1860s, courtesy of the Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Family Bible belonging to the Ellis family, Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Clara Ellis Payne. Quilt top, 1875–1900, from the collections of the Kansas Historical Society. Freedom

With your family, list di erent kinds of freedoms everyone deserves. Discover how African Americans gained and lost freedoms during Reconstruction and under Jim Crow.

1 investigati GALLERY on Explore the display and text related to the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments with your family. What did each of these amendments do? Why were each of them needed to create and preserve freedom for black Americans after the Civil War?

2 investigati GALLERY on Find this scale and read its label. How did sharecropping aect black farmers? What was at stake if a sharecropper wanted to ght back against their employer? Can you nd other examples of Jim Crow limitations on black peoples’ freedoms?

Y 3 investigat GALLER ion Find the Pullman Porter hat. Who wore it? Read the nearby text. How did Pullman Porters see and experience freedom, or lack thereof, through their work? How did they contribute to the Great Migration?

GLOSSARY emancipate to free from slavery constitutional amendment a legal article, or change, made to the Constitution franchise/disenfranchise the right to vote/to take away someone’s right to vote Great Migration mass movement of approximately six million African Americans out of the rural South to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West in the rst half of the 20th century

Credits: Scale, New-York Historical Society, Bequest of Weber Hill Arkenburgh. Pullman porter hat. Collection of Anthony Mulvey-Reyes. equality

What does equality look like? Exploring the objects on this card will shed light on ways African Americans sought equality and how Jim Crow suppressed it following the Civil War.

1 investigati GALLERY on What is happening in this painting? What does each person's body language suggest about how they feel towards each other? How do you think post-slavery life is going for each of these women?

2 investigati GALLERY on Why might the mailman who owned this bag have labeled one side "colored" and one side "white" even though no one else would see it? What does this bag show you about how segregation aected daily life under Jim Crow? Read the text about Plessy v. Ferguson to learn more about segregation.

Y 3 investigat GALLER ion Explore some of the ways W. E. B. Du Bois fought for rights for black Americans. What were some dierent methods Du Bois used to confront Jim Crow?

GLOSSARY segregation Jim Crow practice of separating black and white people colored, negro most commonly used terms to refer to during the Jim Crow era; today seen as outdated and oensive agitation actively ghting for social or political change

Credits: Winslow Homer, A Visit from the Old Mistress, 1876, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Gift of William T. Evans. Mailbag, ca. 1896, courtesy of the National Postal Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Have each person in your family name someone they admire who stood up for their beliefs. Black people fought to gain and maintain their rights in both large and small, successful and unsuccessful ways after the Civil War. Explore the exhibition to learn about some of these struggles. 1 investigati GALLERY on How did black men and women participate in democracy after the Civil War? What issues did they ght for?

2 investigati GALLERY on What was T. Thomas Fortune’s response when he was refused service in a City hotel? What was the outcome of his action?

Y 3 investigat GALLER ion Watch the video of the 1917 Silent Protest Parade. Why do you think the NAACP used this strategy to protest racial violence?

GLOSSARY franchise/disenfranchise the right to vote/to take away someone’s right to vote suppress to forcibly limit or prevent segregration Jim Crow practice of separating black and white people public murder committed by a mob without a legal trial for the victim, and meant to strike fear into a community of people

Credits: T. Thomas Fortune, New-York Historical Society Library. Silent Parade, 1917, Library of Congress. communtity

How is a community stronger than an individual? In the unstable years after slavery, black people sought unity around safety, common beliefs, and goals. Discover di erent types of communities African Americans formed, even in the face of Jim Crow.

1 investigati GALLERY on

Why did education matter so much to African Americans during Reconstruction? How did they show how much they valued education?

2 investigati GALLERY on Where and how were baskets like this used? Why were these places important to black communities?

Y 3 investigat GALLER ion Why was Harlem such an important place for African Americans in the Jim Crow era? How did each of the people pro led here contribute to making Harlem a thriving black community?

GLOSSARY Reconstruction period of rebuilding and reunifying the after the Civil War, between 1865 and 1877 race riot outbreak of public violence against people from one racial group, or between people of dierent racial groups white supremacy a set of laws, customs, violence, and other practices that uphold the belief that white people are superior to others

Credits: Sweetgrass church collection basket, created for the exhibition by D’Sweetgrass Basketry, South Carolina. Soldiers & Service What are some reasons people join the military? Black people have served in all wars fought by the United States. How did black soldiers impact this nation, and how were they treated during Reconstruction and the Jim Crow eras?

1 investigati GALLERY on Find this image, part of a trio of paintings. What does each of the three images represent? How and why does the gure change from image to image?

2 investigati GALLERY on

Find this canteen and read the nearby text. What nickname was given to black soldiers who used canteens like this in the American West? What are the theories behind how this nickname came to be?

Y 3 investigat GALLER ion What does this diorama portray? Explore other objects and text related to black WWI soldiers nearby. How does Private Henry Johnson’s story stand out and how is it similar to the experiences of other soldiers like him?

GLOSSARY contraband an enslaved person who freed themselves by escaping to the Union Army; they were legally de ned as “contraband of war” or con scated property from the Confederate enemy race riot outbreak of public violence against people from one racial group, or between people of dierent racial groups

Credits: Thomas Waterman Wood, A Bit of War History: The Contraband, 1865, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Charles Stewart Smith, 1884. Canteen, New-York Historical Society. 369th Regiment toy soldier set, New-York Historical Society, Robert C. Postal Collection. White Supremacy

How do people and systems engage in oppression, in both obvious and subtle ways? Explore ways people participated in white supremacy—the belief that white people are superior to others in the Jim Crow era and beyond.

1 investigati GALLERY on Look at this garment and read its label. What messages might this robe send to a person who is being threatened by its wearer?

2 investigati GALLERY on Read about the dierent methods used to suppress black voting. Why do you think this was the central goal of the Southern Jim Crow system?

Y 3 investigat GALLER ion Find the section devoted to the Lost Cause. What was the Lost Cause? How did the Lost Cause inuence the building of the statues on Monument Avenue in Richmond, VA and other Confederate monuments? What should be done with these statues today?

GLOSSARY franchise/disenfranchise the right to vote/to take away someone’s right to vote suppress to forcibly limit or prevent segregation Jim Crow practice of separating black and white people lynching public murder committed by a mob without a legal trial for the victim, and meant to strike fear into a community of people oppress to use an imbalance of power to keep people in a lower standing

Credits: robe and hood, Lincoln County, Tennessee, ca. 1866, Chicago History Museum, Gift of Mr. W. G. Dithmer. Currier & Ives, The Lost Cause, New-York Historical Society Library.