CERAMBYCIDAE from SELECTED SITES of NORTH INDIA IJE Vol. 82, 2020 Online Published
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20053--Prasad S Burange Indian Journal of Entomology Online published (Preview) DoI No.: CERAMBYCIDAE FROM SELECTED SITES OF NORTH INDIA PRASAD S BURANGE*, G T BEHERE1 AND D M FIRAKE2 Department of Entomology Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004 1ICAR- Central Citrus Research Institute (CCRI), Amravati Road, Nagpur440033 2Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam (Barapani) 793103 *Email: [email protected] (corresponding author) ABSTRACT The inventory of cerambycids from Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir prepared in this study revealed 21 species under 14 genera in 20 tribes of three subfamilies. Subfamily Lamiinae with 12 tribes followed by Cerambycinae with 5 tribes, and Prioninae with 2 tribes were the taxonomic arrangements for these. Of these 12, 7, 2 species from 11, 1, and 2 genera belong to the subfamilies Lamiinae, Cerambycinae and Prioninae, respectively. The maximum adult activity in these groups was observed during June-August while the maximum diversity was exhibited from Dhar block of Pathankot, Punjab. Key words: Cerambycidae, North India, distribution, Lamiinae, Cerambycinae, Prioninae, species diversity, families, adult activity, seasonal abundance Beetles belonging to the family Cerambycidae by opening spaces and eventual seed germination Latreille, 1802 (order Coleoptera) are widely known as (Tavakilian et al., 1997). Tavakilian (2015) estimated longhorn beetles due to its long antennae, in particular that described cerambycid species is approximately for males (Evans et al. 2004).Members from the 36,300 belonging to over 5,300 genera. The length Cerambycidae family are also known as longicorns, of adult body ranges between less than 0.2 cm in capricorns, round-headed borers, timber beetles, sawyer Cyrtinuspygmaeus (Haldeman) (Linsley, 1961) and beetles, etc. Cerambycid beetles are known to feed on >17.0 cm in the titan beetle, Titanusgiganteus (L.) a variety of perennials and semi perennials. Most long (Williams, 2001). A great variation in shapes, colour horn beetle grubs prefer to feed on the solid tissues and ornamentation is also seen. of live, or dead plants or even dying or, less often, in rotting wood (Linsley 1959) while the adults feed on From Indian subcontinent, the reported length in adult leaves, flowers and fruits (Kariyanna et al., 2017a). ranges from approximately 0.35 cm, as in Ropica sp., However, it is of utmost importance to correctly identify to approximately 12.0 cm (Acanthophorusserraticornis these collected beetles. Most of these longhorn species Olivier) (Kariyanna, 2016). From India, Kariyanna belong to the subfamily Lamiinae and Cerambycinae. and coworkers (2017a, b) reported 1536 longhorn Species identifications were studied based on external beetle species which are classified under 72 tribes, 440 morphological characteristics of adults. Cerambycidae genera and eight subfamilies. Cerambycid beetles are is one of the most diverse insect families with high cosmopolitan in nature and are widely distributed all abundance and diversity in the tropical region (Berkov over the world ranging from sea level to 4,200 meters and Tavakilian 1999; Berkov et al., 2000). above sea level and feed on different hosts (Wang, 2017). However, the subfamilies namely Lamiinae The grubs damage trees and wood, and are also Latreille, Cerambycinae Latreille and Prioninae known in disease transmissionPreview (Linsley, 1959). Latreilleare speciose and widespread in the tropical Cerambycids are habitually either phytophagous or and subtropical regions (Ślipiński and Escalona, 2013). sapro-xylophagous (Duffy, 1953; 1957; 1960; 1963; There are not many reports on the diversity studies of 1968). They can damage living, dead and dying trees cerambycid beetles from the north Indian states. The in forest, viz., felled logs, timber, creepers, climbers, present study explores the species composition of and also to the fruits and sometimes in other parts of cerambycid beetles in the varied habitats of northern the plants (Mitra, 2013; Linsley, 1959). These help to India’s Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and decompose dead wood enabling forest regeneration Kashmir. 2 Indian Journal of Entomology Online published (Preview) MATERIALS AND METHODS the monograph by Rondon and Breuning (1970) was consulted for the specimen identification of the Scanty information about cerambycids is available subfamily Lamiinae. Specimens were also confirmed from north India especially from the states such as by comparing the reference collection of the National Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir. PUSA Collection, Division of Entomology, Indian Field studies were intended to gather information on Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi and cerambycid diversity. Multiple survey-cum-collection at the PAU National Insect Museum, PAU, Ludhiana tours were undertaken in agri-horticultural fields and after comparing specimens with identified reference forest areas often, seven, and three districts of Himachal specimens. Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Punjab, respectively, between May 2013 and October 2016. Regular field RESULTS AND DISCUSSION visits on PAU campus were also carried out. The adults of cerambycid beetles were collected mainly After recording the observations and a thorough by light traps operated during nights. The districts literature review, 21 cerambycid species were identified surveyed includes Chamba, Sirmour, Solan, Shimla, (Table 1). This included 12 species of Lamiinae, seven Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, Bilaspur, Una, Hamirpur in species of Cerambycinae, two species of Prioninae, Himachal Pradesh, while Jammu, Kishtwar, Udhampur, respectively. The scientific names were updated after Ramban, Srinagar, Anantnag, and Shopianin Jammu and a thorough online and literature survey. An inventory Kashmir. Three districts viz., Pathankot, Ludhiana, and of longhorn beetles of North-eastern and Western Hoshiarpur were surveyed in Punjab state. Himalaya was prepared (Behere et al., 2019). Forests in the states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, and Different collection methods were attempted to the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir are 6.12%, collect the live beetle species viz. through the use 66.52%, and 9.10% of geographical area, respectively of light trap (mercury vapour lamp (160 w) light (Anonymous, 2019). A checklist of species of Arunachal (>400 nm) and white terylene cloth sheet) measuring Pradesh by Kumawat et al. (2015) revealed 49 species. approximately 2x2 m to capture the nocturnal species. Cerambycid fauna of Meghalaya was summarized Visual examination of existence of beetle tunnels on by Mukhopadhyay and Biswas (2000). Sathe (2014) the trees, and through wound making to the trees to studied the biodiversity of cerambycid beetles from attract the beetles. However, light traps using mercury Western Maharashtra and reported 24 species of 13 lamps yielded the maximum collections. Most of the genera. Mitra and coworkers (2017) reported the beetle activities were observed starting after the sunset first revised compiled list of cerambycid fauna of which gradually lasted till mid-night or declined after Assam, while Mitra et al. (2016a) covered the fauna 2:00 a.m. The collected specimens were individually of Nagaland. Mitra et al. (2016c) reported 81 species preserved in the polythene zip-locked bags after being under 53 genera of 28 tribes belonging to three killed with ethyl acetate. These freshly killed specimens subfamilies from the state of Meghalaya. Namboodiri were spread, pinned, and labeled. The collections were and Thirumalai (2009) included 181 species under 103 maintained at Department of Entomology, College of genera from Tamil Nadu. Agriculture, PAU, Ludhiana. Mitra et al. (2017b) enlisted 562 species of 211 The morphological identification was done by genera of 56 tribes from northeast Indian states. using the Nikon stereozoom SMZ 25 microscope and Majumder and co-workers (2014) covered Chhattisgarh photographed with the attached Nikon D5300 DSLR state, while Mitra et al. (2015) listed 146 species of camera body. Images of the bigger samples were West Bengal. A study in Madhya Pradesh by Majumder captured by Canon EOSPreview 6D Mark II 26.2MP Digital et al. (2015) revealed 18 species. The present study SLR Camera with Canon EF 100 mm f/2.8L Macro involved 228 specimens with 21 species (Table 1). IS USM lens. The images were processed with Picasa Based on the number of species found in the three 3.9.138.150 software. The morphological identification subfamilies, the subfamily Lamiinae is the most of the collected specimens was achieved by utilizing diverse and constituted 57% species; the dominant adult morphology with the help of available published with 12 species, followed by Cerambycinae with literature on Cerambycidae from India. Studies done seven species, and two species classified as belonging by Gahan (1906) were referred to identify species to the Prioninae subfamily. Within this subfamily, 12 of subfamilies Cerambycinae and Prioninae while species and 11 genera from 12 tribes were identified Cerambycidae from selected sites of North India 3 Prasad S Burangeet al. Table 1. List of Cerambycidae from north India S. No. Subfamily Tribe Genus Species 1 Cerambycinae Anaglyptini – Oligoenoplusventralis Chevrolat Cerambycini Aeloesthes sp. Aeolesthessarta Solsky, Hoplocerambyxspinicornis (Newman), Diorthuscinereus (F.) Hesperophanini – Stromatium barbatum (F.) Oemini – Hypoeschrus indicus Gahan Xystrocerini – Xystroceraglobosa