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10-1-1937

Special Libraries, October 1937

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Humanism in Bibliography ...... J. F. Fulton, M.D. 279 Costs and Budgets in Special Libraries . . . . . Ruth Savord 283 Financing and Purchasing for the Special Library Josephine I. Greenwood 287 A Matter of Saints . . . . , ...... Giza Sdzutz 289 How a Manufacturing Plant Coordinates Published Information William F. Jacob 291 The Functions of a Library with a Small Staff Josephine G. TiGhenor 293 How an Insurance Library Coordinates Published Information Geraldine Rammer 294 As Groups Grow, So Grows S.L.A. ! . . . . Wilhiam F. Jacob 295 Letters to the Editor ...... 297 Informal Note on the Joint A.L.A.-S.L.A. Committee Meeting on Training - Margaret G. Smith

From the Editor's Point of View ...... , . 298 Events and Publications ...... , . 300 Publications of Special Interest ...... 301

Indexed in Industrial Arts Index and Public Affairs Information Service

OCTOBER 1937

VOLUME 28 NUMBER 8 SPECIAL LIBRARIES MARIANC. MANLEY,Editor Vol. 28, No. 8 October, 1937

-Humanism in Bibliography An Appreciation of Leonard Mackall By J. F. Fulton, M.D. Yale University School of Medicine

HOSE who have the honor to deal a parallel to the accepted term,' bio- Twith books must inevitably pause metrician. If one man measures living occasionally to consider the ultimate ob- processes, why should not the man who jectives of bibliography. The late John concerns himself with the physical di- Ferguson defined bibliography as the mensions and other physical character- "science or the art, or both, of book istics of books be designated a bibliome- description." This in some ways is an ex- trician? At all events you will understand cellent definition, because it indicates what I mean. For the purposes of this that bibliography is an art, as well as a address, the first of these two men, the science, but a perusal of Professor Fergu- bibliometrician, shall be nameless, since son's varied writings also indicates that he merely illustrated a tendency and he bibliography implies something more can, therefore, be treated quite imper- than book description. We perhaps more sonally; he also illustrates what is likely than anyone else in the 19th century ele- to happen to any one of us if we allow a vated bibliography to the dignity of a tool or a technical procedure to be an end humanistic discipline; indeed he made in itself, and thus to triumph over reason. his own definition oulmoded almost be- I shall describe something of his work be- fore he had uttered it. I have chosen to cause I hope it will make more clear the discuss the aims of bibliography in these contrast that I shall later draw between general terms for a somewhat special bibliography as a technique and bib- reason. There have recently died within liography as a humanistic discipline. a week of one another two of the most Our bibliometrician was a man who widely known bibliographers of our collected books actively over a period of time; they were men, however, who stood 60 years, and was one of the first modern for different things, each had useful mes- bibliophiles to attach importance to the sages but they were to be carried in op- original state of a book; he loved them in posite directions. I hope through a brief boards, uncut, with dust covers, and al- discussion of their work and achieve- ways indicated the size in millimeters, ments to define some of the higher ob- and knew a great deal about the me- jectives of our calling. chanics of book-making, how they were The firs1 man might be characterized assembled; he knew papers and inks and without particular desecration of his types, -papers not quite so well as he memory as a bibliometrician, a word should have, - everything indeed relat- which I have coined for this occasion as ing to the manufacture of a book, and he 280 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8

was able from the analysis of the cnm- a plaything of the book trade designed to pleted product to tell you just how it had catch the unsuspecting and the unin- been made. This is why I have called formed. Yet bibliography, as it is often him a bibliometrician for he measured defined, would appear to be a purely - everything; type, paper, binding and also technical preoccupation, without ref- the book market - he became indeed a erence to the fact that it began as, and bibliomeretrician. This, however, is be- must always remain, a basic tool of pro- side the point. No serious bibliographer ductive scholarship. So it is refreshing to would deplore technical expertness of take inspiration from a great example, the degree which he achieved, had it and to turn our attention for a moment been used, as it might have been used, to to one of the outstanding bibliographical further the cause of serious scholarship. humanists of this generation, whose But in this respect he fell short, as many death on May 19 at the early age of 58 of us wh~describe books tend to fall is an incalculable loss to bibliographical short, since the physical part of book- scholarship. I can think of no better way lore was ever in the foreground to the to illustrate the aims and aspirations of neglect of the human and spiritual humanized bibliography than to tell you values of the book itself. So great was something of his life, his habits as a col- this man's passion for the physical quali- lector and his contributions to learning. ties of books that he literally passed from Leonard Leopold Mackall mas born at the domain of bibliometry into the do- Baltimore, January 29, 1879, a descend- main of bibliopathology. When he came ant on both sides of Southern families of to compile his sumptuous catalogue Maryland and Georgia, distinguished for physical measurements were given of the literary and military attainment. His sizes of most of his books, especially preliminary education was received at those which were uncut, and the measure- Lawrenceville from which institution he ments thus given were a little larger in was graduated in 1896, and he obtained nearly every instance than that of any his A.B. from Johns Hopkins in 1900, other copies known. I shall not dwell and to Hopkins he has left the greater further on this; it is an unpleasant story part of his remarkable library. While at of human dereliction, representing a Hopkins he managed to know everyone curious form of self-hypnosis; and it in the University who was interested in serves incidentally as a warning to any- books and as early as 1900 while still one who handles books, especially if one an undergraduate he became acquainted happens to collect and catalogue them with Dr. William Osler to whom he eluci- oneself. Though our bibliometrician col- dated Goethe's relations to the physiog- lected one of the finest libraries ever ac- nomist Lavator. Of this more later. From cumulated by a private individual, - Hopkins he went to the Harvard Law John Carter believes that it was the School for two years, then to the Univer- finest in private hands, -he died dis- sity of Berlin in 1902-04, returning to credited as a bibliographer on May 13, Hopkins in 1906, then back to Germany 1937, at the age of 77. where he studied at the University of In citing the work of a bibliographer Jena, beginning in 1907. He remained in who went astray I do not wish to mini- Germany for some six years in all, de- mize the significance of bibliomechanics. voting the greater part of his time to I wish only to deprecate the growing studies of the Goethe correspondence at tendency to pursue it as an end in itself, Weimar. By these labors he became prob- SS)eclalor, Land , May 21, 1937, p. 954. ably the foremost in the world in knowl- October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 281

edge of Goethe's bibliography. He wrote bibliography, however, lay in his clarifi- many papers on various aspects of cation of the obscure bihliographical Goethe's writings, and edited Goethe's problem connected with hIichael Serve- Corres$ondence with Americans in 1904, tus, heretic, cartologist, and discoverer was co-editor of Goethe's Colleded Con- of the circulation of blood through the erersations published in five volumes at lungs. Mackall's interest in Servetus led Leipzig in 1910-11. him to bring together the most complete Although not a physician Mackall be- collection of Servetus literature ever to came associated in an intimate manner be assembled, and this we are happy to with medical literature. This began at learn is being left intact to the Welch Hopkins when he met Osler, but he was Medical Library at Baltimore. He en- also on intimate terms with the late Drs. riched Osler's library catalogue with Welch and Fielding Garrison, and also many notes on Servetus and many of with Drs. Howard Kelly, Arnold Klebs, the rarer items he gave to the Osler col- Harvey Cushing, Henry E. Sigerist, lection. He was also of great assistance to Sanford Larkey, Samuel Lambert, Wil- Dr. Francis when the Osler catalogue liam Willoughby Francis, and with other was being prepared for press.2 Besides all members of the New York Academy of this R4ackall had many other connec- Medicine too numerous to mention. tions with medicine which I cannot go About 1900 hlackall had pointed out to into, and he also touched many other Dr. Osler that the second recension of fields. Lavator's celebrated Physiognomische And now let me try to convey some- I;f.agncert/e,Leipzig, 1775-78, contained thing of Mr. Mackall's extraordinarily a poem by Goethe, also 23 of his prose vivid personality to those of you who contributions and his first published por- may not have known him. I can perhaps trait. Mackall also elucidated Goethe's best do this by relating a few bookish later relations with the great physiog- anecdotes with which he was associated. nomist. Just before the Great War Osler Leonard Mackall was one of the most had been asked to give the Silliman Lec- generous bibliophiles that ever lived, he tures at Yale on the history of medicine. had indeed all the " Peireskian virtues." When the War came he became so dis- Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peirese (158C- tracted that the proofs were never cor- 1637)' thht liberal patron of arts and let- rected. At the death of Osler. the Yale 9 Frnncis writes, At the end of the editon's preface of tile Press wished to issue the ledtures and Blb!rclbrrn Oslalano, p. xlv, "Another old fr~end.Mr. L. L. Mackall. of Savannah, one of the four of us to whom, with called upon Mackall for aid in verifying Lady Osler, tile completion of the catalogue was entrusted, references and completing the text and I~asreadandcritlclzedthe prwh. Hls name appears through- out the book aa a donor, often of the rarest items: as an ad- providing information which he alone viser he haa detrrved much more frequent mention. I was able to give. Later Mackall became pleaded wltb hm to let me put hie name wth those of the other tl~reeat the end of the preface as one of the edltorr. interested in the early history of appen- but he modeatly prole& to believe that hla servlcea did dicitis and wrote a paper on that subject. not justify It. In addlt~onto readlug and criticlzinn all the proofs hecame over to Oxford In 1923, soon after I took over His principal contribution to medical the work, and went two montha there worklnn with me, thoroughly revismg the cards of certaln sections, auch aa 1 Dr. W. W. Francia deserlbes Mackall's first meeting with those of Servetua nnd Lavator. He protested at the time Dr. Oaler as followa: "In 1900 or thereabouts W. 0. had just that hc was not really collaborat~ngwlth me except perhaps ac~uiredthe 3 (in 5) big volume8 of Lavator 'hya,' no. In those sectiona In whlch he was particularb Interested. 3178, kntw net1 lo nothing aboul him, and was wa$lingjor an because his method wan to browse around the mhclvea and opfiorlvnily lo lwk him UP. I mentionsd these Lavator vola. take down any bwk that Interested him and often write a to Leonard, who promptly wd. 'I know all about hlm; he mrcely lemble note on a allp which he ~n~rted.Many of waa one of Goethe'a colreapondenta, let me set the bwks.' these notes of course were found most uceful. Same of them 'Come alonn.' said I. And that was L.'s mtroductlon to may be picked up by consultlnp the references under hir W. 0." Thereafter Oak alwaya called Meckall "Lavator!' name in the Index to the 'Blbliothece Osleriana.'" -

282 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28. No. 8 ters in the early 17th century was a the object of Rlackall's special atten- veritable embodiment of wit, industry tions. I was mildly frantic when I heard and scholarship "whose sprightful curi- that he had given away this letter; he osity left nothing unsearcht into, in the then explained that the lady in question vast and all-comprehending Dominions was my wife and pulled the crisp copy of Nature and Art,"' lent books to his of Beaumont on the gastric juice from his friends, and if they expressed approval he pocket to restore the domestic harmony. presented them with the volume. He He had apparently planned his little maintained a binder in his cellar, binding conspiracy weeks in advance and later he books day and night in sumptuous full never lost an opportunity of telling the morocco; it is related by his biographer story at my expense. that he gave away far more books than Another anecdote is related by the he ever kept. This last of the Peireskian writer of the sympathetic obituary virtues, was possessed in a conspicuous which appeared in The Herald-Tribune, manner by Leonard Mackall. He be- the paper to which Mackall had for so lieved that every rare book should be in long contributed his erudite "Notes for the collection best calculated to promote Bibliophiles." It runs as follows: the interests of scholarship. Before the "For example, the late Wymberley Jones De Goethe collection of Mr. Speck had come Renne, who built the Georgia Library bearing his to Yale, Mackall was on intimate terms name, searched for a quarter of a century for with its enlightened owner, and helped twenty rare books he particularly wanted for h~s collection. He had a l~stof the twenty printed and him fill many of his important lacunae; distributed to dealers throughout the world with and up to the time of Mackall's death he instructions to buy at any price. When Mr. continued to contribute out-of-the-way Mackall, who from 1916 to 1918 was the librarian volumes to the Speck c3ollection. Though of the De Renne Georgia L~brary,saw the list he a man of modest means he was continu- predicted he would have l~ttletrouble in locating every item on it. Within two years he had pur- ously generous to other collections in all chased every one of them and the highest single parts of the world. To the Grolier Club in price he paid was $5. New York he gave more than 1000 vol- "In a musty book shop in Lausanne, Switzer- umes, but his personal gifts to individual land, his eye fell upon a copy of the first volunle collectors endeared him especially. Know- of Gibbon's 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Emprre.' That discovery was something in itself, ing of my interest in the history of phys- for when the monumental work first came out it iology, and discovering that the Harvard was published volume by volume. Press had cut off the back of my first "The book had been Gibbon's personal copy edition of Beaumont's book on the gas- and Mr. Mackall found in it the author's name tric juice when a facsimile was made and marginal notes in the historian's own hand- writing. A novice might have feared that the book some years ago, Mackall appeared in was spurious, but Mr. Mackall knew that Gibbon New Haven one day with an uncut copy did his writing and had his library in Lausanne. in original boards. He did not, however, He also knew that William Beckford, wealthy present it to me immediately; he first English collector of the early nineteenth century, mentioned that he had presented an had bought the Gibbon library. The shippers, apparently, had overlooked this one book. autograph letter of Beaumont to his New "Mr. Mackall bought the volume for $1.60. Haven bookseller to a lady -my wife, Then he could thmk of only one person who as it turned out -ladies were invariably should have the book- John Bagnell Bury, 1W Rand. "The Eptatle Dcdlcatory" to J Evelyn, on leaf regius professor of modern history at Cambridge A36 of The Mirrour oj lha Nobd~ly& Gcnlrlity Bern# lhc University, who had devoted a lifetime to editing Lrje of the Renwntd Nicolaus Fabr~ciuxLord of Peircsk. By and annotating Gibbon. P. Gassendus . . . Enghshed by W. Rand. Lond. 1657. See also KEYNES. Geoffrey, "John Evelyn as a blblio- "Mr. Mackall ricver had met Professor Bury, p111lc."Trans Bthliof. YM., 1931, 175-193. PI. I-vtti. but he knew the English professor's collection of October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 283

Gibbon still lacked the first volume of the 'De- foibles too. Mackall scorned commercial- cline and Fall.' So he sent the book to the pro- ism in books, detested men whose interest fessor, who was speechless at receiving such a gift from a total stranger. The prolessor died recently in books extended only to their physical and M~,~~~k~ll a letter from the widow characteristics and incidentally he was saying that the first volume of 'Decline and Fall' one of the earliest to suspect the intee was being preserved in a glass case in the Cam- rity - or shall we more charitably say bridge Library." the " bibliopathology " - of the biblio- Such was the character of the man metrician whose work I have referred to whose career I have attempted to de- in the beginning of this paper. scribe this evening. I could tell you much Like John Milton, Alackall saw that more about him - his extraordinary books were "not absolutely dead things," letters, his unfailing memory. He was and, applying something of the technique the most scrupulously honest man that of book description which as bibliogra- I have ever known, fearless and unyield- phers we must all learn, he carried the ing when he suspected sham or dishon- subject far above the confines of techni- esty in others, charitable when he dis- cal description into the realm of human- covered a mistake in the writings of ism, and for this he deserves an exalted someone whom he thought sincere; ever place in the annals of our profession, as filled with stories of rich human interest he has always had in the affections of and perhaps possessed of a few human those who were privileged to know him.

Costs and Budgets in Special Libraries By Ruth Savord, Librarian Council on Foreign Relations, Inc.

0 OFTEN we are asked by organiza- and particularly in the business and com- S tions which are contemplating the mercial libraries, the fact that the library establishment of a special library, "How is one department of a large corporation, much will it cost?" As an organization, each one of which is a law unto itself. All we don't know. As individuals, we some- these factors would make it difficult to times give estimates based on our own collect a set of figures which would be experience, but we do not have facts or comparable and which could be reduced statistics. to usable form. In searching the literature, I find that However, I feel that, if the rules of the as early as 1920 it was suggested that the organization would permit, it would be Association undertake a cost study but well for every special library to be given from that day to this I can find records of a definite budget on which to work. Such only scattered efforts to carry out this an arrangement, to my mind, would give suggestion, none of which were national the library a better standing in the or- in scope. ganization, it would give the librarian a It seems to me that there are several sense of responsibility for efficient man- factors that may account for this. Chief agement and, at the same time, a feeling among them are probably the great di- of security. It is said that the modern versity of the field, the wide variation in business budget is the best system ever the size of the collections and in the size devised for controlling operating costs of the staffs, the range of salary scales, and for training a management to be 17 284 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8 foresighted rather than hind-sighted for Services - 1%-25% with the average a budgeting is not just a handy economic little over 3% expedient; it is one of the first principles hlemberships - .2%-5% with the av- of orderly and effective living. erage about 270 If you were told tomorrow that your Supplies - .6%-5% with the average library was to be put on a budget and if 1.5% you were asked to prepare a tentative Equipment --.5%-2% with the average budget, would you know how to begin 1.3% and what to include? The items, of Printing- .170-6y0 with the average course, would depend to a certain extent 2% on the management of the particular or- Binding - .2%-10% with the average ganization, especially in the matter of about 3% rent and other overhead. However, in the Postage - l%-2% with the average few studies that have been made, the fol- 1.3% lowing items seem to be pretty general: Rent - 5%-40% with the average 17% Salaries; Books and Pamphlets; Peri- Of these 13 reports, only Salaries, Books odical subscriptions; Services; Member- and Pamphlets, Periodicals and Supplies ships ; Supplies ; Equipment ; Printing ; were included in every one with Binding Binding and Postage. In a few cases, in most. Books, Services and Memberships or What does it all prove? Very little ex- Periodicals and Memberships are com- cept to confirm the point that the very bined in one item but this is a very minor diversity of the special library field makes discrepancy. comparable figures difficult to collect. Having decided on your items, the The library that allotted only .5 per cent next step is to decide on the per cent of to equipment may buy used equipment your total budget which is to be allotted and thereby cut down this item or, as in to each. Here is where the great varia- my own case, may have to purchase from tion in practice is found. Let us refer to a the budget only minor items of equip- 1933 survey which covered only 20 li- ment while larger purchases are taken braries but which included among that care of by a special fund. Another allot- number as wide a selection as possible - ting only 2 per cent to periodicals may by each one varying from all the others in virtue of the very nature of the organiza- type. Only 13 of the 20 reported - 3 tion it serves, receive practically all its failed to report because they did not use periodicals free. Another may clip all its a budget system, 2 because company material, thereby spending nothing on rules forbade, one because the library binding. budget could not be separated from that However, in every case but one, the of the department of which it was a part, salary item is by far the largest. In other the 7th did not explain its failure. words brains are the costly thing in the The reports showed per cent of total special library field and the value placed budget allotted to each item. This is the on them seems to have escaped the trend range for each: of the times for slandardization. We can Salaries - 30%-88% with the majority get along with little or inexpensive equip- above 75% ment, we don't need a large book fund and Books and Pamphlets - 1.4y0-20% with we need a relatively low amount for the average about 7y0 periodicals but for good service we must Periodicals - 2'7&20% with the average have a good staff and that comes high. just under 8% To have any really sound facts on October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 285 which to estimate costs, we would have to I have heard it said by some librarians secure figures from 50 times 13 libraries that there is no sense in the special li- in widely separated localities and varied brary having a budget because they fields. We would have to have a back- couldn't tor more likely wouldn't) keep ground of size of staff, number of square within the amount allotted. Isn't that an feet devoted to library uses, number of indictment of inefficiency? I don't advo- books, number of pamphlets, number of cate any hard and fast rule by which $200 free periodicals and whether or not serv- allotted to the equipment item on Janu- ices of other departments such as mes- ary 1st must be spent on equipment and senger, stenographic, etc., were available nothing else. If you find toward the mid- to the library. dle or the last quarter of the year that Personally, I have come to the conclu- $100 of that amount is not going to be sion that, for us as an Association, the needed for equipment there is no reason only item on which it is important to why it should not be transferred to the secure data is salaries - for the benefit of book item or some other expenditure the individual and for the advancement where it is needed. I only say that to keep of the profession. I see no reason why within the total budget is merely a sign every librarian should not be willing to of good management and would bring to coijperate in giving salary figures in the library the added respect of your answer to a keyed questionnaire which executives. would have on it no mark by which the Now some one may be asking how can individual or the organization she served you know where you stand month by could be identified. This should prefera- month. There's no reason why the Ac- bly be done by the groups and the keying counting Department can't be persuaded should be done in such a way as to make to give you a monthly statement showing it possible to assemble statistics for the amounts charged against the library financial libraries, technical libraries, budget during that month. Or, better etc. The keying also should show geo- still, I keep a very simple record - a graphic locatiorl for this, I believe, would mimeographed sheet having the follow- show interesting variations. ing columns: Only recently a request came to Head- Total budget quarters asking for figures on salaries in Date technical libraries. The librarian making Item to be charged the request felt that his staff was not receiving salaries commensurate with the One column for each division of the demands made on them and wished to budget. Thus as a bill is OK'd, the name prove to his board that others doing com- of the firm is written in and the amount parable work were receiving higher com- charged against the proper division of the pensation. How do you know when you budget. By subtracting this amount from will be placed in such a position and the total budget the balance on any day wouldn't it be to your personal advan- is evident. The total of the columns tage if Headquarters could immediately shows the amount spent for that item supply authentic figures? Such a study over any given period. It takes but a few would not only serve the newly organized minutes out of any day and is well worth library but would serve each one of us in the effort involved. It also gives a check our quest for higher salaries and compen- against the statement received from the sation more commensurate with the Accounting Department. service we give. So much for budgets. Costs is another 286 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8 study. Personally, I can't make up my Unwrapping and stamping mind whether or not such studies would Checking receipt be of great assistance to us as individuals Claiming numbers not received or to the profession or whether they Filing on current shelves would justify the time and effort which Filing in storeroom or clipping would necessarily go into them. And you'll note that this omitted the im- Such a study would have to include portant process in most special libraries reports from a representative number of of routing and getting the periodicals typical libraries showing the hours per back to the library. week spent on, and the average hourly salary of each employee engaged in, the One more breakdown - that for bind- following processes: ing - would have to cover: Watching for and acquiring new Selection for binding material Collating Cataloging and preparing new ma- Sending for missing parts terial for use Typing, listing, making rub and Scanning periodicals and other new binding slip material for routing Sending to bindery Checking in and routing periodicals Checking on return against bill and Keeping lending record comparing with binding slip Filing and shelving new material Preparing for shelves and material used or loaned Accessioning (if this is done) Contact and publicity Cataloging, marking, shelving Searching for and supplying in- Is it worth it? Frankly, I don't know formation asked for because I don't know what we would Administrative and supervisory ac- prove. If, through such studies, we could tivities establish a money value for our service Each of these major processes yould based on its actual cost as compared with probably have to be broken down into the cost of equivalent service if purchased still smaller divisions because in many outside the organization, then my answer cases the same staff member would not would be that it would be decidedly carry out all steps. In a study on cost of worth while and we ought to start to- cataloging made in 1916 by the United morrow. However, I doubt the possibility Engineering Societies Library, this main of determining such a money value be- process was divided as follows: cause so much of library service is of such a nature that it is impossible to evaluate Preparing books for shelves Classifying it. The mechanical processes - yes - but the intangibles which, to my mind, Assigning subject headings are the more important - no. Malcing cards Filing cards Time studies, on the other hand, might possibly be of use in proving to executives Separate records were made for different the value of our service. For instance, if types of material such as foreign, govern- we could pick typical questions or reports ment publications, pamphlets, etc. which are asked for, record the time spent Another study made by the same multiplied by the salary of the worker or library in 1915 on the cost of handling workers we could arrive at an approxi- periodicals fell into these divisions: mate money value for that particular October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 287 question or report. Then by estimating for such time studies would need careful the loss to the organization if that work consideration, and I recommend that the had not been done or if the information Association consider such a study for I had not been secured, the result might be feel that if we had such data our case very telling. Or if we were to place against would be greatly strengthened when new that money value an estimate of the organizations sought our advice as to time ahd money saved by having the job whether or not they should establish a done in the library by trained workers special library, and the prestige of the rather than by a highly paid executive or profession would thereby be enhanced. his secretary who in most cases could not So I leave you with, I fear, little clarifi- be expected to know sources and there- cation and little help, but if I have been fore might spend many more hours than able to stir in any of you a determination the trained staff and conceivably might to secure a budget at the earliest possible not in the end secure the information, we moment or if I have been able in any might again present good arguments small degree to arouse in you a favorable when the value of special library service reaction to a salary survey, then I am is being questioned. True, the technique satisfied. Financing and Purchasing for the Special Library By Josephine I. Gretnwood, Librarian Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. WHENa company contemplates the economy - not only in actual expendi- establishment of a library the first tures for books and equipment for suc- question which arises is the problem of cessful operation, but in the actual cost financing. Cost studies for libraries now of operation, without, of course, putting in existence have been suggested in the such limitations upon the size and type past, but as nearly as can be determined, of personnel as to preclude the actual there have been only spasmodic efforts to service operations of the department. carry them out, probably because each Purchasing type of library is a problem in itself. In The major functions of purchasing for one library two employees might carry the special library are: on the work required while another or- 1. Book selection, including periodical ganization might find it necessary to em- subscriptions, pamphlets, govern- ploy a much larger staff. ment publications and services Basically, the organization of a library 2. Equipment selection should not differ from the organization of any department in a particular company. Book Selection Theiefore, it should, if the rules of the In book selection, the librarian should organization permit, operate as a sepa- take note of the books in the technical rate division with a financial set up en- publications, the technical book review tirely aside from another department in index, the engineering index card record, the organization. weekly book reviews and the daily and It will be granted by all concerned that weekly lists of new books published in this should be done with due regard to the newspapers. 17* 288 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8

In the Library of the Consolidated no less than 295 were destroyed chiefly Edison Company, this is part of the by slugs and insects. In a study of the librarian's regular duties. Books and turf, that was permitted to grow un- pamphlets are selected which will im- mown, Darwin found that, out of twenty prove the collection. After the selection species which grew in the little plot, nine has been made, the librarian sends a list species perished, killed by the hardier of recommendations to the executive in plants. From this simple analysis he charge who gives final approval on the developed the principles of his famous purchases. theory of the struggle for existence and When this list is returned to the the survival of the fittest." * library with the executive's comments, a This it seems to me is quite applicable requisition order is made out and sent to in the field of special libraries and their the Purchasing Department to be filled. relation to budgeting. If we know what In a company as large as ours with we are spending and the items for which some 40,000 employees many of the the expenditures are made, we should, I departments find it necessary to have a feel sure, be one of the hardier plants special reference tool available at the which will survive. desk of the department supervisor. This An operating budget will give the is arranged through the Library and library a much better standing in the avoids duplication when it is unnecessary. organization and the librarian a greater Equifiment Selection feeling of responsibility for the expenses incurred. Due to the fact that the librarian is In 1923 the Library of the Consoli- familiar with the type of equipment dated Edison Company was organized needed for the Library, she should be under the direction of a Library Corn- responsible for the selection of it. Close mittee. The Committee met once each cobperation is necessary with the Pur- month to discuss the books, services and chasing Department since that depart- equipment to be purchased. The mem- ment actually gets the bids and arranges bers of the Committee consisted of a for delivery. Another department coop- Senior Vice-president, a Vice-president erating is the Construction Department of a subsidiary organization, a technical because of the necessity of arrangements man, a publicity man and the librarian covering floor loads and details of con- who acted in the capacity of secretary of struction, such as proper placement of the Committee. The meetings served as a the stacks. Needless to say, all these splendid organization base and afforded steps result in a feeling of good will be- the librarian an opportunity of becoming tween the librarian and the departments familiar with the type of material to pur- involved. chase for a public utility library, which of Blidgets necessity includes not only material for In going over the literature on budgets, the technical man, but books on eco- I found the statement of a utility man on nomics and advertising as well. the subject. It read: "On a piece of In 1934 the Library Committee was ground having an area of about two- disbanded and the Librarian was directed thirds that of an ordinary bridge table, to report to the Executive Assistant to situated so there could be no choking the Chairman of the Board, who now from otlyer plants, Charles Darwin marked approves the items of library expense. all the seedlings of native weeds as they *Morgan, A. W :Foorecastingn Budget. N. E. L. A.. 1932. cam up. Out of a total of 357 seedlings p. 211. October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 289

In most organizations, the Accounting every industry, it behooves us to get to Department will help one make up a work to prepare such comparative figures budget along the lines of true accounting for the library profession covering differ- methods and the items to many of us ent localities and various types of libra- will be most enlightening. ries. The background should cover size of The items with a percentage of the staff, space, number of books, periodicals, money spent in the Library of the Con- services and the item of printing if a solidated Edison Company are as follows: bulletin is issued. As an Association, are we prepared to (a) Salaries...... 49% help new organizations establish libraries? (b) Rent for library space...... 26% (c) Printing (Library Bulletin and Would it not be well for us to help in the other forms) ...... 9% preparation of official figures, such as the (d) Stationery...... 6% American Society of Civil Engineers has (e) Book purchasing...... 4% done for the salaries of engineers. This (I) Petty cash which includes the pur- could be done without revealing the name chase of government publications, of the library, much the same as many newspapers, etc...... 6% reports are made up by other associa- You will note that the item of equip- tions. It wilI also help us in our own ment is not included. This, simply be- organizations by making available com- cause equipment is not purchased every parative figures for libraries operating in year and when needed it may be included the same type of organization we serve. as a special accounting charge. I do not advocate a hard and fast budget system, but it is good to be able Some uwk to be done to prepare if and when necessary a state- To have sound facts on which to esti- ment of the amount spent by the Library. mate the costs of a library it will be I think the amount spent for the upkeep necessary to have figures from many would prove small in comparison with libraries. With cost studies in progress in the service rendered.

A Matter of Saints By Gkz Schutz Montclair Public Library, Montclair, N. J.

OT that we like to quarrel with We had been going about our business N saints, but it seems that we started as usual for two months thereafter when an argument when we sent a comment on we read a note in the February, 1936, a funny coincidence to the New Yorker, a issue of the SPECIALLIBRARIES. The comment which was published on No- writer of this article said: vember 30, 1935. The coincidence was "Our Patron Saint. When we read in a the joint anniversary of Saint Catherine recent New Yorkcr that Saint Catherine of Alexandria, patron saint of librarians, of Alexandria was the patron saint of and of Andrew Carnegie. We thought at librarians we were minded to write a the time that we knew Saint Catherine to screed on the blessed lady. We're still be the patroness of philosophers, mechan- minded but we can't find any authority ics, old maids, librarians and other that says she is. Won't some helpful disquieters. sister who knows her book of martyrs and 290 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8 calendar of saints substantiate our Saint Catherine had been mentioned to claim?" the Holy Father. His Holiness considered In all parts of the country helpful the case very seriously. He thought that assistants began to dig into dusty records the librarians were entitled to have a to substantiate our claim. The result of patron saint (they really need one) but this feverish activity was accounted he was not wholly in favor of Saint for in the March, 1936, issue of SPECIAL Catherine and thought that some worthy LIBRARIES,under the heading of "More Italian saint might be considered for the about the Patron Saint.'' Some real re- honour. search was done on the blessed lady in We took the boat home with a let- several libraries including the Boston down feeling, we felt that after all we Athenaeum. might have been wrong in mentioning All this fluttering activity around Saint Catherine of Alexandria as patron saint Catherine aroused our own curiosity, and of librarians. During the voyage, we we wrote a polite letter concerning our chanced to be seated at the table with a saint of Alexandria to an expert on saints. Franciscan brother, of the third order, In his answer he said: who was returning to Quebec from "I cannot be of much help about the Bechuanaland. He seemed to know a matter of a patron saint of librarians, as great deal about the saint in question, requested in your letter of March 16. and told us that in QuCbec, the Faculty of I have never heard of one, and I suspect Philosophy and the Faculty of Letters that the reason may be that librarianship always celebrated the anniversary of had not in the medieval period become a Saint Catherine as that of their patron separate profession." saint, and that by derivation, the Next we called upon an accomplished librarians had a right to claim her liturgiologist, an O.S.B. of the Benedic- also. tine Priory. He said that he had never This "derivation" idea comforted us a heard of a patron saint of librarians as little, but it was not until we reached yet. He also remarked that "the present home and encountered a dear friend, pope is intensely interested in libraries, another librarian and old sleuth, that we and was formerly himself the librarian of found real encouragement. She had also the Ambrosiana Library, so that it is by been abroad and in Lausanne, Switzer- no means impossible that after his death land, she had found a "lovely print." It he may be canonized as patron of this was published by Roth et Sauter A Lau- profession." sanne (Tous droits r6servCs). In the center All of this was sufficient to decide us to there is a colored picture showing Saint go to Rome and interview the Holy Catherine, holding a large folio in her Father himself. We actually went to right hand and leaning on a sword with Rome, and while we could not interview her left hand. There are several books the Pope personally, we interviewed one lying at her feet. The text is an invocation of the high ecclesiastics. He said, to our addressed to " Sainte Catherine dlAle- great surprise, that following the publica- xandrie, patronne des philosophes, lit- tion of our note and the subsequent tbrateurs, grammairiens et bibliothk- polemic in American papers, the case of caires" by the "chanoine L. Poncet." October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 291 How a Manufacturing Plant Coordinates Published Information By Wdliam F. jamb, Librarian General Electric Company, Main L~brary,Schenectady

HE General Electric Company has a great sent out on a broad internal mailing list to G-E T number of fact~iesand sales offices, with individuals throughout the country. B~ this its General Office at Schenectady. There are means, our People can quickly glance down the many local libraries, laboratory libraries and dc- list of bold-face subject heading^, discover the partmental libraries, usually in the custody of bulletin contam any itcrns of interest to them, non-trained librarians, and operated out of the joi down the numbers of such Items on a con- funds of such factory, laboratory or department, venient request blank on the back page, and more or less for its own use. But in Scher~ectady borrow the periodical, pamphlet or book referred we have our Main Library, started in about 1895, to, from our library, or from some local G-E,or which is the only all-company library in the or- public library. ganization. We serve any or all G-E departments, Such a bulletin has the following advantages: sales offices or factories from Maine to California. (1) From an economical viewpoint, it keeps Our library staff includes 5 electrical engineers to a minimum the number of subscriptions specially experienced in library research and throughout the company -an important over- translation work. head expense which must be kept under The G-E Company is in business to make and control. sell electricd machinery, and all its several units (2) It saves the time of our people perusinga - including our hbrary -contribute their share great many publications of the type which, on toward this common goal. Now just what does the average, contam little of interest to them our library do to earn its salt? in the course of a year. It is obvious that a large progressive company (3) It helps our people "spot" items in such as ours has keen and active competitors, periodicals they might otherwise never see. and therefore if we are to maintain our position Well, you might say, why go to all the trouble in the field it behooves us to keep constantly of doing this indexing yourself? Why not corn- abreast of engineering, commercial, manufactur- pile your bulletin from printed indexes to which ing and economic developments. As with indi- you can subscribe. My answer is yes, we could do viduals, so with corporations - complacency is that - but when we do our own indexing, we can fatal. add pertinent annotations having a direct bear- Since we apply electrical machinery to a great ing on the company's interest In the subject many industries and processes, our engineers and matter. For example, we can specially stress a salesmen have to keep posted on a diversified competitor's article; we can, in our annotation, field of activities. One efficient method is to fol- briefly point out the scope of some other article, low the technical and trade periodicals. But there as in the case when an enterprising editor uses a is such a variety of these, that it would take all of "teaser" title which gives no clue to the contents. an engineer's working day to cull out the inter- And -anticipating your next question - is esting (to him) items from this mass of literature. such a bulletrn used? My answer is that last year, Although many of our departments, laboratories, malnly as a result of this bulletin, we loaned or factories subscribe to the periodicals of direct about 35,000 items of which over 5000 rent to bearing on their problems, yet they also depend G-E individuals elsewhere than Schenectady. on the maln library to help them keep posted on This bulletin has a direct advantage for us in a great many allied fields. the library A semi-monthly bulletin such as this Our Main Library receives regularly about 300 is a good publicity medium for us. Its regular periodicals of a scientific, technical, commercial, appearance keeps G-E people constantly re- manufacturing or economic nature, from all over minded of the existence of the Main Library, and the world One of our librarians glances through of its readiness to serve. these individual issues upon arrival, picks out Well, so much for current developments.- items hkely to be of Interest to someone some- Now, the angle of how we find published data on where in G.E., mdicates the subject heading- what happened in the past. The aim of our library apphcable to each arl~cle,and compiles a twice-a- is to "lake it easy and convenient for our en- month bulletin of such references This is then gineers, factory men, or salesmen to locate SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8 periodical articles, or data in books which will of supply of such matter, our Purchasing Depart- simplify some problem vexing them. Here are ment has delegated the library as the offic~al some typical questions: "What is the calorific purchasing division for such material, not only valueof Connellsville coke?" "What are the sound for itself, but for all branches of the company absorption co-efficients of various building mate- throughout the country. Hence our library is also rials?" " What is the population of Pike County, a centralized purchasing unit, buying books, Pennsylvania?" "What is the molten metals photostats, pamphlets, maps, back numbers of process in metal spraying technique?" "What periodicals, and so on, for practically the entire were the cost of living figures in 1929 and 1933 G-E organization for Erie, Pa.?" Now coming back to our library proper, our All such questions, and many much more in- collection of books, pamphlets, translations, and tricate, need answers, whether G.E. maintains a bibliographies have to be cataloged or cobrdi- library or not. Tht extstence of an adequate library nated. Everything we have in our collection on a and trained staff firodes a central point of con- certain subject, is correlated by different colored vergence for such guestwns. To handle these ques- cards in our large card catalog - different colors tions, we maintam a large collection of reference representing different forms of material - so that books, handbooks, printed indexes, encyclo- library users can freely help themselves if they pedias, special directories and dictionaries, and do not feel the need of the assistance of the supplemented, of course, by extensive bound librarians. As we purchase for our other divisions, files of technical and commercial periodicals, we often supply them with catalog cards for each which are freely loaned within the company. The of their books so that they, too, can maintain fact that so many of the questions put to us are with little effort, a sensible system of shelving technical, and that the questioner often is a busy the books and finding quickly the information engineer who wants quick service, has made it they contain. Incidentally, our own file is a mas- highly desirable for us to have librarians who are ter catalog of what is available in our other engineers, who can talk the language of the en- divisions. gineer or manufacturing man, and can quickly Another important angle of our library activ- grasp the rudiments of his problem. ity has to do with foreign-language material. It Some of the questions that I have just quoted is obvious that much valuable engineering and are rather simple, with a definite, decisive answer; scientific development occurs abroad, and ~t is others develop into a library research problem, often recorded in journals printed in languages such as the compilation of a list of references on other than English. It is obviously important what has been published on X-ray testing of that we keep ourselves informed of such progress, metals, on lightning phenomena, on stresses in and we follow such foreign-language articles just turbine blades. Such researches often require as avidly as we do the advances in this country. weeks or months in compilation. Our one aim But - and here's the hitch -our American- in such reference work is to enable our Company trained engineers do not have the grounding in easily to take advantage of what has previously foreign languages of our brothers across the been published, without expending needless time water. And it becomes hard work for one of our and money in laboratory work, design computa- engineers to get the gist of a foreign article by tions, or commercial surveys. As some one has laboriously digging every other word out of a aptly said, "The experience of others is the foreign-language dictionary. cheapest experience we buy". Therefore, to encourage our people to take full And, of course, we maintain an active, inclu- advantage of foreign-language articles, we main- sive collection of textbooks wh~chis continually tain several staff translators who have special being added to, and which is very popular. In qualifications. They are foreign-born, have re- decidmg what we buy from time to time, we con- ceived their technical training abroad and hence sult book reviews, publishers' publicity material, are able to think in the foreign language; and they bibliographies, and recommendations of engineers have been in the Un~tedStates long enough to be in our different departn~ents.The final decision able to write a rather sniooth style of English. is based on the types of questions put to us, and They prepare upon request, written English our years of experience in following the various versions of foreign articles, and also they are fields in which our company is engaged. available for oral consultation when someone The actual purchasing of library material, just wants the high-light of an article. Written consisting of books, pamphlets, etc., is done by translations are usually complete in themselves, the library, which issues its own series of requisi- as they include all charts and illustrations, and tions. Since librarians are familiar with sources there is no need to use the original version in con- October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES junction with the translation. These translations brush up in order to make a readable English are announced to the entire organization, and version of the article in question. indexed in our card catalog so that they can be We have a number of other library services referred to readily, in place of the foreign version. peculiar to our organization, which space will not It is highly advantageous for this translation permit me to discuss. Suffice it to ~aythat four- dlvision to be a part of the library. Our men are teen people on our main library staff are kept ex- often translating articles of the most recent de- tremely busy in handling the informational velopments, frequently containing expressions problems fired at us. When it is considered that having no exact counterpart in English, and it all of our services (with the exception of our becomes necessary for them to consult textbooks library bulletin) are rendered because sonzeonc in English to get the most acceptable term. Be- in G.E. has asked for some sort of help, it is hard sides, the subject matter of our translations varies to visualize how such questions or procedures widely from, aay, articles on mathematical con- would be handled without a well-chosen collec- cepts of stresses in electrical conductors, to effects tion of books, periodicals, pamphlets, government of the electrical current on the human body, or documents, indexes, etc., or - and this is vitally descriptions of new mechanical movements. Ob- important -without an expert staf that can viously, no one person could possibly be "up" coilrdinate and otherw~sebe familiar with this on the latest methods in such a wide variety of mass of published data, to the end that the re- fields, but since our translators are in the library quired answer can be ferreted out in the least they can quickly consult our books and thereby possible time. The Functions of a Library with a Small Staff By Jostphinc G. Tichanor, Librarian Edward B. Smith & Company, New York

LIMITED library staff does not necessarily members sometimes involve us in matters quite A mean a limited library, but it does mean a outside the Investment bank~ngbusincss. How library with a definite junction, and concentra- are the Rhodes scholarships determined? Can you tion on the means of accomplishing that function. locate the number of popular votes, by political Just what is this definite function? The answer divisions and by states, at the last Presidential lies in the one word "source." Our primary library election? My wife and I are going to Europe in a contains those documents or booka actually re- few weeks, we've never been before and we are lated to our business, such as prospectuses, stock quite excited about it -do you know of a maga- exchange listing statements, reorganization plans, zine like the New Yorker which will post us con- corporation reports, security price records, versationally at least, on things to do? financial manuals and periodicals, SEC reports, Now let's see this library of "source" in action, etc. Our secondary library contains information and at this point we introduce another word, about key industries such as automotive, con- "relativity," for of what use is any source if it struction, petroleum, steel, - condensations, does not contribute to the furtherance of a com- copies of leg~slation,-economic, monetary and pany's business. industrial trends, and other data pertaining to Word reached us around two o'clock one after- the investment banking business In physical noon, of the existence of the O'Brien Bill which form this secondary library consists partly of ac- enlarges the range of securities legal for life insur- tual material and partly of quick reference to ance companies, therefore quite important to us, sources in some other New York office, a Chiago and to many business men. Through the courtesy trade association or a Washington government of the State Insurance Department at Centre bureau. Strect, we had a copy in the house by three, and a Questions include the routine calls for annual ranking member of the bond sales department reports, reorganization plans, or prospectuses and had stenclls in the hands of our inen by five. Sev- also calls for material such as the Hull Reciprocal eral days later, a call revealed that the New k-ork Trade Treaties, commodity prices or production, office was about to check the accuracy of a rumor the Robinson-Patman Act, and Gold Reserve that Governor Lehman had already signed the Act, the history of European inflation and its bill, by telephoning our Albany office, - to effects on institutional investments in France, which we countered "why not Centre Street - Germany and Austria, and so on. here in New York?" Lastly, our new business or Calls of a more personal nature from staff underwriting department was informed where SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8

stencil copies were available, so that there would member, he then naively requested a r6sumC of be no delay in ascertaining legality of our new voting trust agreement terms and banking affilia- issues. Summing this up, the library recognized tions of other assignees. However, we suggested the relation of this bill to our business, knew he would be more satisfied to ascertain these facts

where to get it outside the house, where to place it for himself - why not let us send him the papers ' inside the house, the source of extra copies, saved and Directory of Directors so that he could pre- time in our Albany office, expedited progress in sent the story to his superior in a more creditable our own office -and between my assistant and form? Now let's sum this up: (1) a correct request myself, we probably spent no more than half an by the executive, (2) an incorrect version by the hour all told on the telephone, even though this junior, (3) a feeling that the question was too easy particular matter extended over several weeks. by the librarian, (4) an answer in the library, (5) a An example of the necessity for knowing the recognition of that answer even though in indirect -company's business is the following: A junior form, and (6) a side-stepping of somebody else's staff member telephoned, "What investment clerical work. houses have publicly offered ABC Company In a library with a limited staff, "Servicing" issues during the last 10 years?" We replied - has to be reduced to a minimum. For example, the none; stockholders have taken up all rights, - recent announcement that San Francisco citizens had he made full use of manuals in his own de- were to vote on a $50,000,000 bond issue to buy partment? He had, but could find nothing, which certain Pacific Gas & Electric city distribution was why he called us! So we flatly inquired just properties - this action precipitated by Secre- what was behind all this - what was he trying to tary Ickes' interpretation of the Hetch-Hetchy get at? Then the story ?me out -his superior water power contracts - was of vital interest to thought XYZ Company in Wall Street had at one us, since we were in the underwriting group of all time been "bankers" for the ABC Company. six P. G. & E. bond issues sold since early 1935. Now this was a horse of another color, because as Within ten minutes we had telephoned this a librarian familiar with financial procedure, we information to several departments,-those knew XYZ Company could have been bankers by who wished to follow through did so; other any one of several methods, such as representa- needs were not neglected, -no paste-pots, no tion on the Board of Di:ectors, ownership of extra clerks, no extra cabinets and, most impor- stock, or a voting trust agreement, as well as by tant, no delay in their learning about it. underwriting new issues. Investigation of New A limited library staff, therefore, does not nec- York Stock Exchange listing sheets in our files essarily mean a limited library. In our organiza- quickly revealed a voting trust agreement teimin- tion and in others it means a library that concen- ated several years ago, and among assignees was trates on sources related to the specific business, the name of a well-known financier affiliated with under the guidance of a librarian who knows XYZ Company. Upon reporting this to the junior much about that business. How an Insurance Library Coordinates Published Information By Geraldine Rammer, Librarian Hardware Mutual Casualty Company, Stevens Point, Wisconsin N THE Hardware Mutual Casualty Company to an officer of the Company. These employees I there are three factors essential to the effec- can be expected to make the best possible use of tive coordination of business information. These available materials. There are four employees in three factors relate directly to the library staff. our Library which serve a Home Office and twen- First :The library must have the cooperation of ty-five branch offices employing more than nine all executives. These executives contribute to and hundred persons. These four librarians are college use library materials. They encourage their em- graduates; three of them have had formal library ployees to make use of library facilities. Our li- training. brary was organized and developed under almost Third: All library material must be centralized ideal conditions of executive cooperation, having, so that the library department knows what is in addition, the sustained personal interest of the available and employees know where to go for in- chief executive. formation. Our library includes both business and Second : The library must be directed by a com- legal collections so often separated in insurance petent librarian and capable assistants reporting offices. It includes Home Office correspondence October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 295

files. With the exception of personnel records, 1. -4 copy of the bill. there are no other department collections or files. 2. Clippings from papers on its progress The library not only has books, magazines, news- 3. Correspondence with the field office con- papers, commercial services and pamphlet ma- trolling our operations in that territory. terials but also has a large collection of "special 4. Correspondence with our trade association. files" which we call our Company History Files. 5. The law as finally enacted. These files - containing statements of company 6. A manual published by a state insurance policy and records of past experiences - assist department. our executives to formulate current policies and 7. Instructions to our field ofices. future plans. 8. Instructions to our salesmen affected by the Perhaps a quick listing of items will help to law. visualize these valuable files: annual reports, ac- After each addition to the special file, the execu- counting audits and methods surveys; leases; tives who are interested receive the file from the contracts; all accounting and statistical reports; library so that they areat all times kept informed handbooks; manuals, and instructional bulletins; of new developn~ents. apecinien policies; selected correspondence; and Many excellent books, trade journals and com- statements of company policy. mercial services are being published for the insur- No matter what facts or figures our employees ance business. Insurance trade associatiohs, pro- want, there is but one place to secure them - our fessional groups, and the companies themselves Library. Our executives do not under any circum- publish uaeful materials. Agents, brokers and stances withhold materials for their private files. company executives find thia printed information With the exception of files actually "conjiden- invaluable in the conduct of their business. But tial" we try at all times to emphasize to our em- these materials must be centralized and directed ployees the accessibility of library materials. into the proper channels by an efficient hbrary so Everything available can thus be secured with a that they can be used effectively. When the active minimum of time and effort. cooperation of company executives has been se- To coordinate the Company's use of available cured and a centralized collection of materials has information, we compile many special files. To been ~rovided,it is then the libranan's job to see illustrate: many states are enactingagents' quali- that the expense of the library is justified by the fication laws. A special file for one of these states use made of it. Then only will the insuranceexecu- might contain : tive get the greatest return from his investment. As Groups Grow, So Grows S. L. A.! Fellow members1 ideas from which one can benefit along UR Editor has chosen to list on the professional lines, is that which takes 0 back cover of this issue, the 1937-38 place - or should take place - in the officers of our several national groups, S. L. A. groups. From a professional view- and this prompts me to write a few words point, S. L A. may be considered a fed- on this cross-section of our Association. eration of groups. In the groups one By its very nature, S. L. 4. consists of comes in contact with fellow-members specialists - specialists in the library whose problems are similar to one's own, profession -each of which having prob- and whose experience can be more closely lems which may differ in a varying degree applied. We can be affiliated with only from those of fellow-members. The tech- ooe chapter, for obvious reasons -and nique followed by a museum librarian some of us are too remotely situated to will have little in common with that of enjoy even that advantage -but cer- ' the librarian of an advertising agency; a tainly each of us can belong to one or banking library will operate differently more groups, depending upon our pro- from an industrial library - even though fessional interests. each, in its own way, is "putting knowl- At our national conventions, group edge to work." meetings are always extremely interest- The really valuable interchange of ing and often exciting, and I don't doubt SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8

that convention delegates bring home from his group members! In the interest more worth-while professional ideas from of these hard-working group chairmen, I such meetings than from any other. But take the liberty to address this question it is unfortunate that group meetings to each of our members: Are YOU wiIling . cannot be held more often. Of course to do your bit for the good of your this is, in a sense, approximated in the group and ultimately for the Associa- larger chapters where there are enough tion? If you are, and desire to share your members to permit subdividing by pro- professional experience with fellow group fessional interests, yet the members of members while benefiting by their ex- smaller chapters, and unaffiliated mem- perience, then turn to the back cover of bers, cannot share in such advantages. this issue, find the name of your group As an alternative, therefore, we have chairman, and drop her a note offering to resort, for the interchange of profes- your assistance. It will be welcome! sional experience, to bulletins, reports, And just a word to group chairmen - etc., distributed by mail. This is by no of the many group problems so ably re- means as satisfactory as actual meetings ported by Miss Burnett at our recent but can be immensely improved by the convention, there is at least one to which active participation of each group mem- I want to refer. You group chairmen have ber in the affairs of the group. It's all very been chosen by your group affiliates to well to check off on a list that you're lead them in the development of group interested in the Financial Group, or the projects. These projects obviously are

Museum Grouu,A. or the Science-Technol- the outcome of the cooperative effort of ogy Group - that's merely a stroke of a group members, and you should be on pen! (Some of our members even check the alert to encourage such cooperation. off a majority of the groups - which is Let's not give any of our members the quite all right.) But do you contribute opportunity this year to say -as one to the group's activity, or are you only was quoted in Miss Burnett's report last receiving the results of others' work? June: " It is necessary for us to meet peo- One of the most difficult res~onsibili- ple doing the same work and with the ties in our Association is that of a group same problems as ours, but do we? Only chairman. He is elected by the group if some active chairman sees to it." at the annual convention, and then many If our members desiring to help group of the members of the group return to affairs would figuratively raise their their home cities to wait for the results of hands so that group chairmen can recog- his efforts. The group chairman has to nize them, and if the group chairmen will promote new professional projects, or then "reach out " - into this nation- continue existing studies, and generally wide association of 1800 - and extend has to do this by a mass of correspond- the handgrasp of welcome, the cause of ence. Some enthusiastic members answer the groups will surely advance. Valuable his letters promptly, and take project group projects will result therefrom; assignments cheerfully, while others take members will see real returns from their a more passive attitude - a sort of "Oh,- membership in S. L. A.; non-members let-George-do-it" policy which is the will be attracted by worth-while publica- bane of a group chairman's existence. tions, and S. L. A. will forge ahead, Lucky indeed is the group chairman who "As groups grow, so grows S. L. A.!" receives voluntary offers to assist in the WILLIAMF. JACOB,Presideni. group's activities or who obtains en- P. S. -Now turn to the back cover thusiastic letters of constructive advice and get that chairman's name! October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Letters to the Editor Informal Note on the Joint constructivc work should be done, and that the A. L. A.-S. L. A. Committee work on book selection, useful to the special librarians, should go into this course rather than Meeting on Training in a separate course. HE A. L. A. Board of Librarianship and the Government documents were discussed and it T S. L. A. Committee on Training and Re- was felt their treatment should be emphasized cruiting met for a Joint Conference, June 19. Mr. much more thoroughly than had been the case. Metcalf, Chairman of the Board of Education for The extensive collection of material available, Librarianship, acted as Chairman of the meeting, the government documents of different countries, and Margaret Vinton as Secretary. The other the types of docun~entsproduced by different de- members from the A. L. A. were: Charles Comp- partments, all should be much more familiar to ton; Margaret Mann; Eleanor M. Witmcr. library school students than is now the case. Members of the S. L. A. Committee on Training Library administration seemed a course that and Recruiting who were present were: the could be almost entirely eliminated for special Chairman; Florence Bradley; Jesse H. Shera; and librarians, as each special library represented a Marian C. Manley. Among other S. L. A, mem- separate problem. Except for a few common- bets present were: Mary Louise Alexander, sense fundamentals on costs, personnel, etc., the Linda Morley, Ruth Savord, Marguerite Bur- library school could give little help. nett, Herbert Brigham, Helen Bayne, and Mary There was some discussion as to how or where Jane Henderson. in the library school the special library training The general question for discussion at this should fit. From the survey made by the S. L. A. meeting was: How can library schools best meet Committee during the past year, it was found the demand for special training for special li- that, as a rule, people now in the field wished brarianship? The first question was what in- additional material on subject matter rather than struction usually given by library schools is additional material on library training. The con- basic to library service. Six items were brought sensus of opinion seemed to be that the student up for discussion : should have as much grounding in the subject matter as possible before taking the library Cataloging school training. Classification The need for languages in technical library Reference and bibliography work was stressed and the fact that this should Government documents be brought out early in the college work was Library administration-general pointed out. The general consensus of opinion Book selection-general seemed to be that special library work fundamen- Of these, it was felt that the basic methods of tals should be obtained early in the first year cataloging were essential, but that special li- curriculum, with specialization later on in another brarians should be taught that when they under- year. stood the basic elements they could modify While there was nothing definite as an out- superficial developments to suit their own par- come of this meeting, the general expression of ticular problem. opinion was of value. Several other points came Classification was considered fundamental, in for discussion. What was the A. L. A. doing to but it was felt that a great deal more stress should recruit people for the profession and how well in- be laid on the special classifications in use; that formed were the people at A. L. A. Headquarters students should be informed about them; and on special library work so as to bring that out in what their important points were; why they had their recruiting? The need for additional data on been developed; why, on occasion, it might be salaries was brought up Attention was called to necessary to develop others. the surveys of special types of special library It was felt that courses in reference atid bib- work that had begun in SPECIALLIBRARIES, liography for special librarians should be made September 1134, as these gave the latest, most stronger than those now given in any library complete infornlation on salaries available. school; that familiarity with such problems and MARGARETG. SAIITH, the types of material used in their solution Chatrtnan, Comn~itteeor: should be established; that less routine and more Recruilrng and Training. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8

From the Editor's Point of View HAT salaries are paid special li- on the program were reports on the. wbrarians? What is an adequate S. L. A. and A. L. A. conventions in New starting salary? Over and over again, York. . . . The first meeting of the New questions of this kind come to those who Jersey Chapter was held October 8, do any sort of placement work. But how with the general theme, "Technological can we give an answer based on real Trends and the Future." The problems knowledge? As Miss Savord and Mrs. that management faces and must solve Smith show, a salary survey for the in the immediate future were considered special library field is a most acute by Mr. Marvin Bower of McKinsey, need. Such information would serve all of Wellington and Company, and Mr. us. What can we all do to coijperate in John A. Willard of Hopf, Kent, Willard securing it? & Company. The librarian's share in re* meeting these problems was discussed by Coijperation between Library Associa- Mrs. Curtis Prout, formerly librarian of tions and Special Libraries Chapters is the National Cash Register Company increasing. California's and Ohio's efforts and the Scovill Manufacturing Com- in this respect have been noteworthy. pany. . . . The San Francisco Bay Re- New Jersey, New York and Connecticut gion Chapter held its first meeting Sep- have all been active in this direction. tember 21, with the guest speaker Mrs. Perhaps the contribution made by Mont- Kathryn T. Bangs, manager of the real Chapter members to the Ontario Alaineda County State Employment Library Association's program on " Co- Service. Mrs. Bangs spoke on "The operation between Special and Public Li- Purpose and Activities of the California braries" and the talked-of program on State Employment Service." . . . On "Special Libraries" for the Georgia Li- October 9, a Special Libraries Sympo- brary Association are among the most sium was held at the New York Library encouraging indications of this growing Association Conference in Niagara Falls. interest. Do all the chapter presidents Rebecca Rankin was chairman, and the feel that possibilities of this kind have general subject was "How far have spe- been developed to their fullest extent? cial library methods been applied in public libraries?" The chief speaker was News Notes Dr. Marvin S. Carr, Librarian, E. I. Du Meetings. . . . The Connecticut Chap- Pont de Nemours & Co., Niagara Falls. ter holds its big fall meeting at Farming- Other participants werc Eleanor S. ton, Conn., on Thursday, October 14, Cavanaugh, Librarian, Standard Statis- when the Connecticut Library Associa- tics Company; Ruth A. Sparrow, Li- tion is also in session. . . . The first brarian, Buffalo Museum of Science, meeting of the Boston Chapter was held Research Library; Eleanor Church, Li- September 27 at the Kirstein Business brarian, N. Y. State College of Forestry Branch. Mr. M. D. Liming, secretary of at Syracuse University; Elizabeth M. the Boston Chamber of Commerce, Smith, Director, Albany Public Library; spoke on the work of a modern Chamber and Eunice C. Wilson, Librarian, 58th of Commerce, and Mrs. Dietrichson, li- Street Branch of the New York Public brarian of the Kirstein Business Branch, Library. talked briefly of its work. Other features Marriages. . . . Ethelyn Jackson, for- merly librarian of the Massachusetts tired on August 1st. As librarian for Mutual Life Insurance Company, is to Harvey Fisk and Sons, Miss Hurd had be married in October. May Nelson, her handled the same collection in New York assistant, is to take her place as librarian. and moved with it when it was presented . . . Guelda Elliott of the University of to Princeton University. It was her North Carolina Commerce Library is "child" and she /can be proud of its now Guelda von Beckwath, and had a development. Members of the Economics wonderful honeymoon trip in Europe Department gave her a beautiful wrist . . . Mildred Kingsland of the Newark watch in appreciation of her many years Business Branch was married in August of helpfulness. They and any students to Emil E. Johnson, also of Newark. who used the collection extensively know Changes Here and There. . . . Jerome how intelligently and with what great Wilcox of Duke University goes to be personal interest Miss Hurd helped to assistant librarian of the University of build up the collection and facilitate its California. . . . Roland Mulhauser has use. taken Elizabeth Willingham's place as Miss Dorothy Collins resigned from librarian of Fenn College, Cleveland. the staff of the Reference Department of Miss Willingham is now Mrs. Samuel Columbia University Library to accept Ward. . . . Isabella Frost of the Oak- the position made vacant by Miss Hurd's land Public Library, becomes librarian at retirement. Miss Collins is returning to Safeway Stores, Oakland. . . . Since Amy the special library field, having been in Chya resigned, Ruth Taylor has become the Business Research Bureau of the librarian of the California State Chamber Cleveland Public Library prior to her of Commerce. work at Columbia. Special librarians are proud of the part Here and There in Print. . . . The played in the Institute of Government October 1937 issue of the American held at the University of Southern Cali- Journal of Nursing has an announcement fornia by their fellow members. Guy from the Biological-Sciences Group of the Marion of the Los Angeles Chamber of S. L. A, inviting doctors, nurses and Commerce, K. Dorothy Ferguson of the others interested in the hospital and Bank of America Library, May Brown of nursing project to join the Biological- the Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons Sciences Group. . . . The Industrial Re- College Library, and Mrs. Thelma Jack- lations Section of Princeton University man of the Los Angeles City Municipal has just brought out a pamphlet on Reference Library, were listed as among "Employee Savings Programs, an Analy- the participants in the discussion at sis of Recent Trends," by Helen Baker, the meeting; while among the chairmen the assistant director of the Industrial at the round table discussiolls were Relations Section. . . . Commonwealth Alberta E. Fish of the California Tax- College Library has issued a bibliography payers' Association Library, Frances D. on "The Revolutionary Approach to the Williams of the Security-First National Negro Question." This was compiled by Bank Library, and Margaret Hatch, of Marvin Sanford and covers pamphlets, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Com- books, and magazine articles. . . . pany Library, San Francisco. Henry Black, the versatile libraria~lof Miss Florence Hurd, in charge of the Commonwealth College, has prepared an Princeton University Library's Pliny interesting pamphlet on "Radical Peri- Fisk Collection on Railroads and Corpo- odicals," which includes an illuminating ration Finance for twenty-two years, re- discussion on their place in the library 18 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8 and gives a descriptive list with biblio- Associate Members' Bulletin. . . . Do graphical information on the important all the active members have an oppor- periodicals in this field. . . . tunity to read the Associate Members' The Knoxville News-Sentinel, one of Bulletin? Those members who have not the Scripps-Howard chain, had an en- in the past seen this delightful resum6 thusiastic paragraph about Harry Bauer, of S. L. A.'s activities may receive the the technical librarian for the T. V: A., Bulletin by sending a request for this to in one of its issues. Headquarters. Events and Publications Contributions from Margaret Bonnell "Selected Trade Associations of the U. S.: 1937 Brower, F. B. Personnel practices governing edition (price 10 cents), and "Sources of Current factory and office administration. New York, Trade Statistics" (price 25 cents). The list of National Industrial Conference Board, 1937. 134 2,400 national and inter-state associations is p. $3.00. An important guide to practices of indexed by commodity or service, and by 22 companies with regard to such matters as attend- leading cities. This third revision of "Sources of ance, holidays, payment of overtime, applications, Current Trade Statistics" increases the sources discharges, etc. Practices governing wage-earners listed from 159 to 240, and makes reference to and salaried force are distinguished. about 3,000 statistical series. With it can be National Industrial Conference Board. Recent found sources of data on production, orders, agreements negotiated between company man- sales, prices, employment, etc., by kind of busi- agemcnts and organized labor. New York, 1937. ness. 46 p. Price on application. Six agreements with McDonald, E. C. Some current trends in life C 1.0. unions, six with A.F. of L, unions, and insurance. New York, Metropolitan Life Insur- two between company managements and labor ance Company, Group Division, 1937. 22 p. groups not affiliated with any national organiza- Discussion of current trends in underwriting em- tions, supplementing a memorandum issued last ployee retirement plar~sthrough group annuities, May. and how a modern retirement program may be Harvard University - Graduate School of set up to provide benefits in addition to those Business Administration - Bureau of Business under the Social Security Act. Research. Compensation of executive officers of U. S. Social Security Board. Social Security in retail companies, 1928-35. Cambridge, Mass. 34 p. America. Washington, D. C. 592 p. Price 75 cents. $1 00. Since a preliminary study of salaries paid The factual background of the Social Security to business executives made in 1925, the lack of Act, including a summary of foreign experience data on the subject has been keenly felt. Utilizing with unemployn~entinsurance; a summarizing of data submitted to Federal Trade Conlmission and existing estimates of unemployment in the U. S.; Securities Exchange Commission, this factual re- discussion of standards of unemployment com- port indicates what average payments to execu- pensation; sections on old-age security, security tives were, what form they took, how they for children, provisions for the blind, extension of fluctuated, and how they were related to sales, public health services. expenses, payroll, earnings and so on The United States Works Progress Administra- Contributionsfrom Eleanor S. Cauana7qA tion is pubhshing a series of studies on Reemploy- Harris Upham & Company, NewYork City, has ment Opportunities and Recent Changes in In- issued an industrial survey of the air-conditioning dustrial Techniques. Some of the reports which industry. Shows types of building in which air have appeared so far deal with Unemploynlent conditioning was installed during 1936, and other and Increasing Productivity; Technology and the statist~caldata on the industry. Also information Mineral Industries: Mechanization Trends in on the companies manufacturing air-conditioning Metal and Non-Metal Mining. units or machinery. The Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Directory of Organizations Engaged in Gov- through its Marketing and Research and Service ernmental Research. Published by Government Division, is publishing a series of studies entitled Research Association, 850 East 58th Street, "Rasic Industrial Markets In thc U. S." Other Chicago, Ill. $1.00. Lists permanent agencies, na- recent useful publicat~onsof this Bureau are tional, state and local. Arranged by states. October. 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 301 Publications of Special Interest Bolitho, Hector. King Edward VIII. Lip- Hendershot, L. B. Life insurance agency or- pincott, Philadelphia. 1937. 328 p. $3.00. ganization. Life Office Management As- A long, colorhl story, exceptionally well illustratcd soc., N. Y. 1936. 160 p. $2.7d. and representrng the pint of vlew of the conservative A careful analysis showing methods of recru~tin~, colonial who had opportunit~es to ace much of the training and supervlsmg agents, con~miss~onrates In described act~v~tiesat close range pcneral use, questionnaires used in surveying agency de velo~~n~ent.Many re~d~ngreferer~ces noted A sound Carlson, Dick. How to develop personal study showing the problems facing bath the general and power. Harper, N. Y. 1937. 228 p. $2.00. the soliciting agents. One of the self-help books that has real merit because Hessler, W. H. Our ineffectivestate. Holt, through the cornpanlon, "Personal Devclopn~ent Man ual" ($1.25), the reader is lead to self-analys~sand con- N. Y. 1937. 281 p. $2.50. structrve thinking. D~rcctand simple Includcr many A brilliant, dispassioi~atestudy of our government, the suggestions for aupplementary reading. Not indexed. reasons for its weaknesses and wssilrle cures The dis- cussion of our handicag in d~plomaticnegotiations is Cochran, H. P. Scientific tax reduction. garticularly illum~nahng.References given to many boks Funk & Wagnalls, N. Y. 1937. 757 p. $7.50. shedding light on the topics discussed. A concise presentation of the regulations on income, Horton, G. B. Making the best use of your inheritance and g~fttaxes, bringing out the paints to be insurance. Author, Montpelier. 1936. 169 considered In planning methoda of reduction. Includes many problems, illustrating the points. p. $2.50. A serious and detailed study of the many compllcat~ons Denton, Daniel. Brief description of New possible In setting up a life insurance estate. Gives prac. York. Columbia Univ. Press, N. Y. 1937. t~caladvice npainst effort to regulate the future. A legal 32 p. $1.00. study that deserves serious thought. A facsm~lcof a descrrption of New York and its Isely, Bliss and Richards, W. M. Four cen- general region publirhcd In 1670. Includes s brief bibho- tunes In Kansas. McCormick-Mathers graph~cal note and a list of the collections, includmg n copy of the orig~nalpuhhcation. Devotes a large pro- Co., Wichita. 1936. 344 p. $1.48. portion of the text to Long Island, but brief mention la A well arranged, detailed yet adectwe record of a made of New Jersey rivers and settlements. state's growth. Colorful anecdotes and good illustrat~ons included. Extensive b~hliography. Dreis, T. A. Handbook of social statistics of New Haven, Connecticut. Yale Univ. Keyes. F. P. Capitol kaleidoscope. Harper. Press, New Haven. 1936. 146 p. $2.50. N. Y. 1937. 358 p. $3.50. Stat~sticsfrom census publications and from other A dehghtful book showing the many characters and public and private agencies, so arranged as to give illu- activities that can affect the life of a senator's w~fe. minating data on the social and cconomlc fentures of a Foreign as well as American representdlvca are presented city. Particularly valuable as a model for similar atud~es v~v~dlywith sympathet~cinterest and somctinles a caustic elsewhere. touch. Adds ah effective b~tto an understand~ngof con- temporary I~fc. Ephraim, J. W. Take care of yourself. LeVita, M. H. Arithmetic of life insurance. Simon & Schuster, N. 1937.287 p. $2.00. Y. Life Office Management Assoc. N.Y.1936. A readable, practical honk in which common-sense, 132 p. $2.75. humor and toleration of human fo~bles are used in analyz~ngeveryday health and beauty problems and tbe~r An explanat~onof the arithmet~calsteps by which life satisfactory solutmns. Indexed and documented insurance premmrns and dividends are estimated. Covers aound fu~~damentnlu. Eesad-Bey, Mohammed. Nicholas 11, pris- Leahy, M. J. and Crain, Maurice. Land oner of the purple. Funk & Wagnalls, that time forgot. Funk & Wagnalls, N. Y. 1937.360 53.00. N. Y. p. 1937. 274 p. $3.00. A colorful, illurnmating picture of the last days of the A fascrnating record of gold hunts in the unexplored Russian Empire In ~tsrelation to the Romanovs based on fasti~esscs of Ncw Gu~nea. Cold washing, cannibals. a long hst of reicrences. B~bl~ographyincluded. avmtion and natlve landscape-gardening all come into thrs straightforward account told without herom hut Frederick, J. G. Grow up emotionally and crowded w~thhairbreadth adventure and clear reparting. have fun. Beaux Arts Press. N. Y. 1936. 300 p. $2.00. Maule, Frances. Men wanted. Funk & Wag- 1937. 290 $2.00. A ~~ambcrof amusing psjchological teqts that can do nalls, N. Y. p. soact1:ms for a quret evening and a lot for a party. Some practical, rendnble advice to yowlg men on job 302 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Vol. 28, No. 8 getting with the use of the public library resources well Read, Herbert. Art and society. Macmillan, stressed Uscful reading hts follow each chapter. Not N. Y. 1937. 282 p. $4.00. indexed. An interpretation of the soc~alfactors in the devdop May, G. 0.Twenty-five years of accounting ment, but rather abstract in style. Includes many fine ~llnstrationa of wood carvings, sculpture and pamntlng responsibility, 1911-1936. Amer. Institute from the primitives to the present Many paintings hy Pub. Co., N. Y.1936. 421 p. $3.00. Picasso are reproduced. The broad problems of accountmg especially as they relate to the investor are cons~deredby a man of experi- Reynolds, G. M. Machine politics in New ence and understanding wlth a strong feeling for his Orleans. 1897-1926. Columbia Univ. profession's responstbility. Fax and sound treatment of Press, N. Y. 1936. 245 p. $3.25. financial problems. An analysis of the development of a political machine Myers, E. F. Gardening in Virginia. Dietz, in a southern city that IS as necessary in the understand- Richynd. 1936. 208 p. $2.00. ing of the development of scctlonal ~>oliticsas is a study of such a northern counterpart as Tammany Hall. Fac- Written out of the fullness of her love for rardcns and tual, well reported and depict~nginteresting combinations. from practical experience on a simple scale While plant- Bihllography ~ncluded. ing Instructions are for Virginia the gardening suggck tlons are su~tablefor gardens anywhere Sharpe, Leonard, Artist in commerce. Black, Newcomber, Mabel. Central and local London. (Macmillan, N. Y.) 1936. 151 p. finance in Germany and England. Colum- $1.75. bia Univ. Press, N. Y. 1937. 392 p. $3.50. A well written, shrewd, and constructive little book on the opportunlt~esand methods in this field. Helpful and An analysis of the methods by wh~chEngland and interesting S~delxhts on contrast between English and Gelmany have met the taxation problems now affecting Amcr~cancustoms ~ntcresting. this country, part~culhrlyas they relate to the division of funds for local and central government support. Se- Sloan, L. H. Two cycles of corporation lcctlve b~hllography, cllarts and tables included. profits. Harper, N. Y. 1936.428 p. $4.50. Oglesby, Catharine. Business opportunities An analysis for this cyclc by industry of the Invest. for women. Harper, N. Y. 1937. 300 p. ment possibilities of lead~ngcorporation securities based on perfol~mance in the precedu~gcycle Crlsllly wrltten $1.00. and suhstantintcd by extensive stat~stlcalstudles Dased A rcv~scdedition of a practical book that gives saund on a good many flat assumptions which the author feels advice on thc teclmique of getting a lob and many con- are necessal y. Excellent survey of major industries cise desc~~ptionsof vocations w~thnotes on needed however. preparntlon and salary range Some of the descript~ons g~ve~nndequate Idea of opportumties. Indexed rather Speare, C. F. Wefind a farm. Stephen Daye poorly. Includes a reading list. Press, Brattleboro. 1936. 69 p. $1.50. Oman, John. Concerning the ministry. Another of the satisfying products of tllia press. Dc- lightiul In ~tsqu~et appreciatton of the Vermont hills Harper, N. Y. 1937. 180 p. $2.25. and fields, serves not as a guide to "production" hut as a The dean of English theologians has written a book reminder of the perpetual delight of the countryside. primarily for clergymen in thew everyday problems-but IS comments on readlng, conversation, writing, style, to Spencer, H. R. Government and politics my nothlng of more fundamental problems, wlll be of abroad. Holt, N. Y. 1936. 558 p. $3.50. value to any student. A fine condensed guide to the governments of the Pares, Bernard. Moscow admits a critic. major countries, bringmg out clearly the polnts of diffcr- Nelson, London. 1936. 94 p. $1.00. enee and showing how the governments as a whole developed Althougl~ dispassionate and objective it is A Ionptlme student of Russian life revisits Moscow colorful and interesting. Suggested readlngs are given after twenty years' absence and recognizes the great for each country. strides made for the welfare of the majorlty of Russians. Progress In educat~onand government is indicated with Talbot-Booth, E. C.House flags and funnels fa~rness of British and foreign shipping com- Paterson, D. G. and Darley, J. G. Men, panies. Appleton, N. Y.1936. 124 p. $2.50. women and jobs. Univ. of Minn. Press, Well ~llustratcdby small pictures of the house flags Minneapolis. 1936. 145 p. $2.00. and sketches of the important ships of the various lines showing their funnel colors. An ohjcctlve d~scussionof the methods and finding of the Employment Stahll~zatlon Research Institute, Much Thach, S. D. Painting as a hobby. Harper, attention is paid to the failure of educational n~ethods N. Y. 1937. 102 p. 01.75. and the necessity for lntcrest and ability In analys~sas well as comn~unityplannlng for human engineering. Llst Another helpful hobby book In which the procedure and of publications and magarme nrt~clesbased on study in. mater~nhf~r'~ainting are dcrcrlbed clearly and simply. cluded Includes llst of necessary equipment and bibliography. October, 1937 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 303 Tombs, L. C. International organization in THE FIRST TIME EVER PUBLISHED European air transport. Columbia Univ. Press, N. Y. 1936. 234 p. $3.00. That the rapid development of aviation as a means of WHO IS WHO peace-tlme crvil transportation and a military alsct In LEXICON OF AUSTRIA'S COMBMPORARltS war time has cauaed its regulation to be of international ("Wer lot Wer." Lulkon ocltcmichmhcr Zeltg- ) concern is shown In thin carefully documented study. 420 rare#. 840 columns Cloth. $7.50 Civee bibliography and map of air lmes. A valusble reference book whlch oEcrr short but complete inIormatlon .bout the Icndlng Auatrllns of today. nu& rn mdemtlru, budncu *en, pohtidlu8, atlsta, tn~nlattra. Vollmer, August and Parker A. E. Crimes, etc Indlape~~blcfor every Spedal Llbw. crooks and cops. Funk & Wagnalls, Ordrrr cam be flllrd immcd~alrl~fhroqh N. Y. 1937. 260 p. $2.00. Ihr sob dirlnb.lmfor Anam: A strarghiforward book about the varioua methods B. WESTERMANN GO., INC. used rn crrme detection and prevention with much con- 14 Walt 48 Street BRymt 9-5633 New YorkClty structrve comment on present methods of parole, prore. PubLrhmd and In9alrr3 rhrr 184U cution and police and prison administration.

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