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Grape Varieties for Michigan's Vineyards
MSU A<tf Faets = Extension Bulletin E-1899, New May 1986 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Grape Varieties for Michigan's Vineyards G. S. Howell Department of Horticulture Michigan State University hree species of grapes are commercially popular in The third popular species is the European type Vitis Michigan. The first group consists of varieties vinifera, one of the species used to create the French- Tproduced through crossing native American speciesVitis American hybrids. Currently, this species constitutes labruscana Bailey; V. labrusca L.; V. aestivalis L., etc.). the bulk of production in California and other These grape hybrids include those most widely grown southwestern states. In contrast to the American grapes in Michigan—Concord, Niagara, Delaware, Fredonia, which are loose-skinned, the European varieties are Catawba, Moore's Early, Campbell Early and others. tight-skinned, meaning the skin clings tightly to the Many of these plants produce fruit described as "slip flesh of the fruit. skinned." This refers to the ease whereby the flesh The consensus is that V. vinifera cannot be suc separates from the skin of the berry. The American cessfully grown in Michigan. It is being cultivated, with cultivars are characterized by the strong aroma and great effort and questionable economic return—even on "fruity" taste so desirable in fresh jam and jelly the best sites close to Lake Michigan. We have only a products. few years experience in Michigan with commercial pro In addition to the American grape varieties, there is duction of V. vinifera. increasing interest in a second group, called the French- American hybrids. -
Growing Grapes in Missouri
MS-29 June 2003 GrowingGrowing GrapesGrapes inin MissouriMissouri State Fruit Experiment Station Missouri State University-Mountain Grove Growing Grapes in Missouri Editors: Patrick Byers, et al. State Fruit Experiment Station Missouri State University Department of Fruit Science 9740 Red Spring Road Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711-2999 http://mtngrv.missouristate.edu/ The Authors John D. Avery Patrick L. Byers Susanne F. Howard Martin L. Kaps Laszlo G. Kovacs James F. Moore, Jr. Marilyn B. Odneal Wenping Qiu José L. Saenz Suzanne R. Teghtmeyer Howard G. Townsend Daniel E. Waldstein Manuscript Preparation and Layout Pamela A. Mayer The authors thank Sonny McMurtrey and Katie Gill, Missouri grape growers, for their critical reading of the manuscript. Cover photograph cv. Norton by Patrick Byers. The viticulture advisory program at the Missouri State University, Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center offers a wide range of services to Missouri grape growers. For further informa- tion or to arrange a consultation, contact the Viticulture Advisor at the Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center, 9740 Red Spring Road, Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711- 2999; telephone 417.547.7508; or email the Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center at [email protected]. Information is also available at the website http://www.mvec-usa.org Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 Considerations in Planning a Vineyard ........................................................ -
Fruit, Nut & Grape Varieties for the Contra Costa Home Orchard
ccmg.ucanr.edu February 2020 Fruit, Nut & Grape Varieties for the Contra Costa Home Orchard by Janet Caprile, Contra Costa County Farm Advisor Emeritus NOTES: The County has been divided into 4 climate zones based on those outlined in the Sunset Western Garden Book. The zones include: Zone 17: Coastal strips Kensington San Pablo Rodeo (bayside) El Cerrito Pinole (bayside) Crockett Richmond Hercules (bayside) Zone 16: Northern California coast thermal belts Orinda (far west) Zone 15: Chilly winters areas along the Coast Range Orinda (central) Martinez (central & west) Walnut Creek (most) El Sobrante Pacheco Alamo (east of Hwy 680) Pinole (inland) Pleasant Hill Danville ( most) Hercules (inland) Concord (most) Rodeo (inland) Clayton Zone 14: Northern California’s inland area with some ocean influence Pittsburg Orinda (east) Alamo (west of Hwy 680) Antioch Moraga Danville (part) Oakley Lafayette Blackhawk Brentwood Walnut Creek (west of Hwy 680) San Ramon Discovery Bay Concord (part) Byron Martinez ( east) Refer to this Sunset website to find your “zone”: https://www.sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/sunset-climate-zone- bay-area LEGEND: COMMONLY GROWN AND COMMONLY AVAILABLE VARIETIES SHOWN IN BOLDFACE TYPE. Parentheses indicate zones that may support the listed fruit variety but are not ideal. v-2020-02-27 1 of 18 The University of California prohibits discrimination or harassment of any person in any of its programs or activities. See the complete Nondiscrimination Statement at ucanr.edu. ccmg.ucanr.edu Fruit, Nut & Grape Varieties for the Contra Costa Home Orchard February 2020 ALMOND Almonds have a low chill requirement (200-300 hours) but need summer heat to mature a crop. -
Matching Grape Varieties to Sites Are Hybrid Varieties Right for Oklahoma?
Matching Grape Varieties to Sites Are hybrid varieties right for Oklahoma? Bruce Bordelon Purdue University Wine Grape Team 2014 Oklahoma Grape Growers Workshop 2006 survey of grape varieties in Oklahoma: Vinifera 80%. Hybrids 15% American 7% Muscadines 1% Profiles and Challenges…continued… • V. vinifera cultivars are the most widely grown in Oklahoma…; however, observation and research has shown most European cultivars to be highly susceptible to cold damage. • More research needs to be conducted to elicit where European cultivars will do best in Oklahoma. • French-American hybrids are good alternatives due to their better cold tolerance, but have not been embraced by Oklahoma grape growers... Reasons for this bias likely include hybrid cultivars being perceived as lower quality than European cultivars, lack of knowledge of available hybrid cultivars, personal preference, and misinformation. Profiles and Challenges…continued… • The unpredictable continental climate of Oklahoma is one of the foremost obstacles for potential grape growers. • It is essential that appropriate site selection be done prior to planting. • Many locations in Oklahoma are unsuitable for most grapes, including hybrids and American grapes. • Growing grapes in Oklahoma is a risky endeavor and minimization of potential loss by consideration of cultivar and environmental interactions is paramount to ensure long-term success. • There are areas where some European cultivars may succeed. • Many hybrid and American grapes are better suited for most areas of Oklahoma than -
Grape Varieties for Indiana
Commercial • HO-221-W Grape Varieties for Indiana COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURE • DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE PURDUE UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • WEST LAFAYETTE, IN Bruce Bordelon Selection of the proper variety is a major factor for fungal diseases than that of Concord (Table 1). Catawba successful grape production in Indiana. Properly match- also experiences foliar injury where ozone pollution ing the variety to the climate of the vineyard site is occurs. This grape is used primarily in white or pink necessary for consistent production of high quality dessert wines, but it is also used for juice production and grapes. Grape varieties fall into one of three groups: fresh market sales. This grape was widely grown in the American, French-American hybrids, and European. Cincinnati area during the mid-1800’s. Within each group are types suited for juice and wine or for fresh consumption. American and French-American Niagara is a floral, strongly labrusca flavored white grape hybrid varieties are suitable for production in Indiana. used for juice, wine, and fresh consumption. It ranks The European, or vinifera varieties, generally lack the below Concord in cold hardiness and ripens somewhat necessary cold hardiness to be successfully grown in earlier. On favorable sites, yields can equal or surpass Indiana except on the very best sites. those of Concord. Acidity is lower than for most other American varieties. The first section of this publication discusses American, French-American hybrids, and European varieties of wine Other American Varieties grapes. The second section discusses seeded and seedless table grape varieties. Included are tables on the best adapted varieties for Indiana and their relative Delaware is an early-ripening red variety with small berries, small clusters, and a mild American flavor. -
2014 Midwest Small Fruit and Grape Spray Guide Contents Foreword
2 014 Midwest Small Fruit and Grape Arkansas Spray Guide University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service AG1281 Illinois University of Illinois Extension ICSG3-14 Indiana Purdue Extension ID-169 Iowa Iowa State University Extension and Outreach PM 1375 Kansas K-State Research and Extension Kentucky University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service ID-94 Missouri University of Missouri Missouri State University MX377 Nebraska University of Nebraska — Lincoln Extension Ohio Ohio State University Extension 506B2 Oklahoma Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service E-987 West Virginia West Virginia University Extension Service Publication 865 Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-Extension A3899 2014 Midwest Small Fruit and Grape Spray Guide Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................................................6 Tips on Using This Spray Guide .................................................................................................13 Grape Spray Schedule .................................................................................................................15 Blueberry Spray Schedule ...........................................................................................................37 Raspberry and Blackberry Spray Schedule .................................................................................42 Strawberry Spray Schedule .........................................................................................................49 -
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Treasury § 4.63
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Treasury Pt. 4 § 1.84 Acquisition of distilled spirits in Subpart B—Definitions bulk by Government agencies. 4.10 Meaning of terms. Any agency of the United States, or of any State or political subdivision Subpart C—Standards of Identity for Wine thereof, may acquire or receive in 4.20 Application of standards. bulk, and warehouse and bottle, im- 4.21 The standards of identity. ported and domestic distilled spirits in 4.22 Blends, cellar treatment, alteration of conformity with the internal revenue class or type. laws. 4.23 Varietal (grape type) labeling. 4.24 Generic, semi-generic, and non-generic WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS designations of geographic significance. 4.25 Appellations of origin. § 1.90 Distilled spirits in bulk. 4.26 Estate bottled. 4.27 Vintage wine. By the terms of the Act (27 U.S.C. 4.28 Type designations of varietal signifi- 206), all warehouse receipts for distilled cance. spirits in bulk must require that the warehouseman shall package such dis- Subpart D—Labeling Requirements for tilled spirits, before delivery, in bottles Wine labeled and marked in accordance with law, or deliver such distilled spirits in 4.30 General. 4.32 Mandatory label information. bulk only to persons to whom it is law- 4.32a Voluntary disclosure of major food al- ful to sell or otherwise dispose of dis- lergens. tilled spirits in bulk. 4.32b Petitions for exemption from major food allergen labeling. § 1.91 Bottled distilled spirits. 4.33 Brand names. The provisions of the Act, which for- 4.34 Class and type. -
Amateur Wine Show- 40
AMATEUR WINE SHOW- 40 Co-Chairmen - Pat Strickland Premiums: $8.00, $6.00, $4.00 Premiums Offered: - $320.00 RULES 1. Entries must be entered between 2:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Thursday August 19th, and remain on display until 1:00 p.m. Sunday, August 29th 2. This is an amateur contest. No entrant shall be involved in any way with commercial wine making or use the facilities of commercial wineries, other than obtaining grapes, juice, concentrates, etc. 3. Each entry must be entered in a glass container (preferably bottle with cork) and contain not less that 1/2 pint or more than 1 quart. Attach label with name of wine and date made. 4. "Best of Show" ribbon will be awarded to the wine considered by the judges to be the best wine in the wine competition. First place wines in each category will be eligible for this award. 5. All entries must be completed since fair 2016 6. Decisions of the judges will be final. The American Wine Society guidelines will be used in judging the wines. Judges’ decisions and placings are final. 40-01-01-00 ...........................................................................Red American These wines must be made from native or American hybrid grapes, still, and dry. (Examples: Concord, Ives, Muscadine, Cynthiana, etc.) 40-01-02-00 ........................................................................White American These wines must be made from native or American hybrid grapes, still, and dry. (Examples: Niagara, Duchess, Diamond, Carlos, Magnolia, Margeurite, etc.) 40-01-03-00 ................................................................................Red Hybrid These wines must be dry, be made from grapes crossed from more than one species, usually exhibiting some “vinifera” characteristics, and may exhibit tannin and/or oak character. -
Black Rot of Grape
report on RPD No. 703 PLANT March 2001 DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES DISEASE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN BLACK ROT OF GRAPE Black rot, caused by the fungus Guignardia bidwellii, is the most serious disease of grapes in Illinois. The disease is most destructive in warm and wet seasons. The fungus attacks all green parts of the vine—the leaves, shoots, leaf and fruit stems, tendrils, and fruit. The most damaging effect is to the fruit. When warm, muggy weather in the spring and summer is prolonged, unsprayed fruit on very susceptible varieties may become almost completely rotted by harvest time. SYMPTOMS Figure 1. Black rot lesions on upper surface of a grape leaf (R.C. Pearson). Leaves. Brown, circular lesions develop on the upper surface of the leaves starting in the late spring (Figure 1). Lesions vary from 2 to 10 mm in diameter. As lesions merge, they form irregular blotches that are reddish brown. The number of lesions per leaf varies from 1 to more than 100, depending on the severity of the disease. The center of the lesion turns tannish brown and is surrounded by a black margin. Within a few days, black spherical fungus fruiting bodies (pycnidia) form within the lesions. Pycinidia that are speck-sized are arranged in a definite ring just inside the margin of the lesion (Figure 2). Figure 2. Pycnidia of black rot fungus within a lesion (R.C. Pearson). Fruit. Berries are susceptible to the infection from bloom until they begin to ripen (reach 5 to 8 percent sugar). Infected berry first appears light brown in color. -
MF2588 Questions and Answers About Vineyard Injury From
Questions and Answers About Vineyard Injury from Herbicide Drift Q. Why grow grapes if the plants are so days depending on the level of expo- herbicides including 2,4-D also may easily damaged by hormonal-type her- sure, although death may not occur delay ripening and cause uneven bicides such as 2,4-D? for several weeks or months. ripening of berries in the cluster. A. Those with an interest in agriculture may raise livestock, grow wheat or soy- Q. Are young vines more sensitive Q. Will the plants grow normally again beans, or manage an agricultural busi- to hormonal-type herbicide than the next year? ness. Grape growers want to grow mature vines? A. Vines may or may not survive. Damage grapes because of the potentially high A. Young vines are much more suscepti- to the vines increases with higher con- return compared to other crops. ble than mature vines to hormonal- centration of hormonal-type herbicide Grapes are a legitimate and highly type herbicide such as 2,4-D. In drift and repeated exposure. Herbicide valuable food crop. addition, mature vines have the ability drift may result in loss of the current to recover more rapidly from low-level year’s grape harvest. It may weaken the Q. But why not grow grapes in grape- exposure than young vines. vines so they are more susceptible to growing areas other than Kansas? winter injury. Grapevines damaged by A. Kansas is a good grape-growing state. Q. Will the leaves outgrow these high concentrations of hormonal-type Grapes grew naturally in Kansas before symptoms? herbicides, especially late in the grow- European settlement. -
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Treasury § 4.93
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Treasury § 4.93 Ugni blanc (Trebbiano) Pfeffer Cabernet—Cabernet Pfeffer Valdiguie´ Pineau de la Loire—Chenin blanc Valerien Pinot Chardonnay—Chardonnay Van Buren Ravat 262—Ravat noir ¨ Veeblanc Rulander—Pinot gris Seibel 128—Salvador Veltliner Seibel 1000—Rosette Ventura Seibel 4986—Rayon d’Or Verdelet Seibel 5279—Aurore Verdelho Seibel 5898—Rougeon Vidal blanc Seibel 7053—Chancellor Villard blanc Seibel 8357—Colobel Villard noir Seibel 9110—Verdelet Vincent Seibel 9549—De Chaunac Viognier Seibel 10878—Chelois Vivant Seibel 13053—Cascade Seibel 14596—Bellandais Welsch Rizling Seyve-Villard 5–276—Seyval Watergate Seyve-Villard 12–309—Roucaneuf Welder Seyve-Villard 12–375—Villard blanc Yuga Seyve-Villard 18–283—Garronet Zinfandel Seyve-Villard 18–315—Villard noir Seyve-Villard 23–410—Valerien [T.D. ATF–370, 61 FR 539, Jan. 8, 1996, as Sweetwater—Chasselas dore´ amended by T.D. ATF–417, 64 FR 49388, Sept. Verdelet blanc—Verdelet 13, 1999; T.D. ATF–433, 65 FR 78096, Dec. 14, Vidal 256—Vidal blanc 2000] Virginia Seedling—Norton Wa¨ lschriesling—Welsch Rizling § 4.92 Alternative names permitted for Welschriesling—Welsch Rizling temporary use. (b) Wines bottled prior to January 1, 1999. The following alternative names shown in the left column may be used Alternative Name/Prime Name as the type designation for American Cabernet—Cabernet Sauvignon wine in lieu of the prime name of the Grey Riesling—Trousseau gris grape variety shown in the right col- Muscat Frontignan—Muscat blanc umn. Alternative names listed in the Muscat Pantelleria—Muscat of Alexandria Napa Gamay—Valdiquie´ left column may only be used for wine Pinot Saint George—Ne´grette bottled prior to the date indicated. -
Welsh Regional Wine - Protected Geographical Indication (Pgi)
Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs December 2011 WELSH REGIONAL WINE - PROTECTED GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION (PGI) PROTECTED NAME: WELSH REGIONAL DEMARCATION: WALES PART 1: STILL WINE Welsh Regional Wine is made from grapes grown close to the limit for viticulture. All vineyards are positioned at above 49.9 degrees north leading to long daylight hours in the growing season. The climate is temperate with few summer days above 30°C. The diurnal temperature range is high. These wines are made from a wide range of grape varieties including hybrids and lesser known varieties, many of which are highly aromatic. These wines are typified by high acidity for the styles of wine produced. The northerly latitude of the vineyards in this PGI creates the long growing season and long daylight hours that are key to the development of strong aromatic flavours. It permits the use of a broad range of grape varieties whilst maintaining the fundamental characteristics that arise from Wales‟s extreme latitude. The moderate temperatures lead to crisp acidity. Organoleptic characteristics Visual appearance: clear and bright liquid; tartrate crystals and sedimentary deposits may occur provided it is possible to decant off the wine as a clear and bright liquid Odour & taste: clean, with enhanced aromatics and refreshing acidity appropriate to the style of wine SPECIFICATION MINIMUM NATURAL, ACTUAL AND TOTAL ALCOHOLIC STRENGTHS AND ENRICHMENT Natural Alcoholic Strength: The minimum natural alcoholic strength, i.e. before enrichment, shall not be less than 6.0% volume. Enrichment: The process of enrichment (in accordance with the procedures laid down in Annex XVa, points A and B, Reg.