MOCD Excessive Dosage Guidelines 11.30.2020

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MOCD Excessive Dosage Guidelines 11.30.2020 Trade Names Psychotropic Medications Xanax ALPRAZOLAM Xanax XR ALPRAZOLAM Limbitrol AMITRIPTYLINE/CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE Limbitrol DS AMITRIPTYLINE/CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE Elavil AMITRIPTYLINE HCL Amytal AMOBARBITAL SODIUM Asendin AMOXAPINE Abilify ARIPIPRAZOLE Aristada ARIPIPRAZOLE LAUROXIL Nuvigil ARMODAFINIL Saphris ASENAPINE MALEATE Strattera ATOMOXETINE HCL Rexulti BREXPIPRAZOLE Briviact BRIVARACETAM Aplenzin BUPROPION HBR Wellbutrin SR BUPROPION HCL Wellbutrin XL BUPROPION HCL Forfivo XL BUPROPION HCL Zyban BUPROPION HCL Buspar BUSPIRONE HCL Tegretol CARBAMAZEPINE Tegretol XR CARBAMAZEPINE Equetro CARBAMAZEPINE Epitol CARBAMAZEPINE Vraylar CARIPRAZINE HCL Librium CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE HCL Librax CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE/CLIDINIUM BR Thorazine CHLORPROMAZINE HCL Largactil CHLORPROMAZINE HCL Ormazine CHLORPROMAZINE HCL Celeza CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE Anafranil CLOMIPRAMINE HCL Klonopin CLONAZEPAM Catapres CLONIDINE HCL Kapvay CLONIDINE HCL Tranxene CLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUM Clozaril CLOZAPINE Fazaclo ODT CLOZAPINE Versacloz CLOZAPINE Norpramin DESIPRAMINE HCL Pertofrane DESIPRAMINE HCL Pristiq DESVENLAFAXINE Focalin DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HCL Focalin XR DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HCL Dexedrine DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SULFATE Adderall DEXTROAMPHETAMINE/AMPHETAMINE Adderall XR DEXTROAMPHETAMINE/AMPHETAMINE Mydayis DEXTROAMPHETAMINE/AMPHETAMINE Valium DIAZEPAM Depakote DIVALPROEX SODIUM Depakote ER DIVALPROEX SODIUM Depakote Sprinkles DIVALPROEX SODIUM Silenor DOXEPIN HCL Sinequan DOXEPIN HCL Cymbalta DULOXETINE HCL Cipralex ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE Lexapro ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE Aptiom ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE Zebinix ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE Zarontin ETHOSUXIMIDE Peganone ETHOTOIN Trobalt EZOGABINE Potiga EZOGABINE Felbatol FELBAMATE Prozac FLUOXETINE HCL Sarafem FLUOXETINE HCL Permitil FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE Prolixin Deconaote (INJ) FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE Prolixin Elixir FLUPHENAZINE HCL Modecate FLUPHENAZINE HCL Luvox FLUVOXAMINE MALEATE Cerebyx (INJ) FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM Neurontin GABAPENTIN Horizant GABAPENTIN ENACARBIL Tenex GUANFACINE HCL Haldol HALOPERIDOL Haldol Decanoate (AMP) HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Peridol HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Haloperidol LA HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Haldol (AMP) HALOPERIDOL LACTATE Fanapt ILOPERIDONE Zomaril ILOPERIDONE Tofranil IMIPRAMINE HCL Tofranil-PM IMIPRAMINE PAMOATE Marplan ISOCARBOXAZID Vimpat LACOSAMIDE Lamictal LAMOTRIGINE Keppra LEVETIRACETAM Fetzima LEVOMILNACIPRAN HCL Vyvanse LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE Eskalith CR LITHIUM CARBONATE Lithobid LITHIUM CARBONATE Lithium LITHIUM CITRATE Ativan LORAZEPAM Loxitane LOXAPINE Loxitane LOXAPINE SUCCINATE Latuda LURASIDONE HCL Ludiomil MAPROTILINE HCL Miltown MEPROBAMATE Equanil MEPROBAMATE Desoxyn METHAMPHETAMINE HCL Methedrine METHAMPHETAMINE HCL Celontin METHSUXIMIDE Ritalin METHYLPHENIDATE Ritalin LA METHYLPHENIDATE Concerta METHYLPHENIDATE Metadate CD METHYLPHENIDATE Methylin METHYLPHENIDATE Methylin ER METHYLPHENIDATE Quillivant XR METHYLPHENIDATE Quillichew ER METHYLPHENIDATE Aptensio XR METHYLPHENIDATE Cotemplat XR-ODT METHYLPHENIDATE Jornay PM METHYLPHENIDATE Adhansia XR METHYLPHENIDATE Daytrana (PTCH) METHYLPHENIDATE Versed MIDAZOLAM Remeron MIRTAZAPINE Provigil MODAFINIL Moban MOLINDONE HCL Serzone NEFAZODONE HCL Dutonin NEFAZODONE HCL Nefadar NEFAZODONE HCL Pamelor NORTRIPTYLINE HCL Zyprexa OLANZAPINE Symbyax OLANZAPINE/FLUOXETINE HCL Serax OXAZEPAM Alepam OXAZEPAM Trileptal OXCARBAZEPINE Oxtellar XR OXCARBAZEPINE Invega PALIPERIDONE Invega Sustenna PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE Invega Trinza (INJ) PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE Paxil PAROXETINE HCL Paxil CR PAROXETINE HCL Brisdelle PAROXETINE MESYLATE Pexeva PAROXETINE MESYLATE Nembutal (INJ) PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM Fycompa PERAMPANEL Trilafon PERPHENAZINE Etrafon PERPHENAZINE/AMITRIPTYLINE HCL Triavil PERPHENAZINE/AMITRIPTYLINE HCL Triptafen PERPHENAZINE/AMITRIPTYLINE HCL Nardil PHENELZINE SULFATE Solfoton PHENOBARBITAL Dilantin PHENYTOIN Dilantin PHENYTOIN SODIUM Dilantin PHENYTOIN SODIUM EXTENDED Nuplazid PIMAVANSERIN TARTRATE Orap PIMOZIDE Lyrica PREGABALIN Mysoline PRIMIDONE Vivactil PROTRIPTYLINE HCL Seroquel QUETIAPINE FUMARATE Risperdal RISPERIDONE Risperdal Consta (INJ) RISPERIDONE MICROSPHERES Banzel RUFINAMIDE Seconal Sodium SECOBARBITAL SODIUM Emsam SELEGILINE Eldepryl, SELEGILINE Zelapar SELEGILINE Zoloft SERTRALINE HCL Alcover SODIUM OXYBATE Gamma-OH SODIUM OXYBATE Natril SODIUM OXYBATE Oxybutyras SODIUM OXYBATE Kalceks SODIUM OXYBATE Somsanit SODIUM OXYBATE Xyrem SODIUM OXYBATE Diacomit STIRIPENTOL Mellaril THIORIDAZINE HCL Navane THIOTHIXENE Gabitril TIAGABINE HCL Topamax TOPIRAMATE Parnate TRANYLCYPROMINE SULFATE Desyrel TRAZODONE HCL Desyrel Dividose TRAZODONE HCL Oleptro TRAZODONE HCL Trazodone D TRAZODONE HCL Stelazine TRIFLUOPERAZINE HCL Surmontil TRIMIPRAMINE MALEATE Depakene VALPROIC ACID Stavzor VALPROIC ACID Depacon VALPROIC ACID Convulex VALPROIC ACID (AS SODIUM SALT) Depakote VALPROIC ACID (AS SODIUM SALT) Epilime VALPROIC ACID (AS SODIUM SALT) Stavzor VALPROIC ACID (AS SODIUM SALT) Valproate VALPROIC ACID (AS SODIUM SALT) Effexor VENLAFAXINE HCL Sabril VIGABATRIN Viibryd VILAZODONE HCL Trintellix VORTIOXETINE HYDROBROMIDE Brintellix VORTIOXETINE HYDROBROMIDE Geodon ZIPRASIDONE HCL Geodon ZIPRASIDONE MESYLATE (Injection) Zonegran ZONISAMIDE + Children’s Division has implemented an Excessive Dosage Guide for children in foster care 1 Psychotropic Medication Advisory Committee (PMAC). Updates will be posted at least annuall DISCLAIMER: THE CHILDREN'S DIVISION EXCESSIVE DOSAGE GUIDE DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDIC The information contained herein regarding Excessive Dosage Guide is for informational purpose advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healt condition or treatment. The Excessive Dosage Guide will be reviewed and updated by UMKC and Dosage Subcommittee. Official version of the Excessive Dosage Guide is maintained at the Department of Social Services website. Last updated and approved+: 11/30/2020 7 and under. The current recommendations were created by the ly. CAL ADVICE es only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical h care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical d the Psychotropic Medication Advisory Committee – Excessive Trade Names Generic name Xanax, Xanax XR ALPRAZOLAM Elavil AMITRIPTYLINE HCL Limbitrol, Limbitrol DS AMITRIPTYLINE/CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE * Amytal AMOBARBITAL SODIUM Asendin AMOXAPINE Abilify ARIPIPRAZOLE Aristada ARIPIPRAZOLE LAUROXIL Nuvigil ARMODAFINIL Saphris ASENAPINE MALEATE Strattera ATOMOXETINE HCL Rexulti BREXPIPRAZOLE * Briviact BRIVARACETAM Aplenzin BUPROPION HBR Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Forfivo XL, Zyban BUPROPION HCL Buspar BUSPIRONE HCL * Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Equetro, Epitol CARBAMAZEPINE Vraylar CARIPRAZINE HCL Librium CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE HCL Librax CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE/CLIDINIUM BR Thorazine, Largactil, Ormazine CHLORPROMAZINE HCL Celexa CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE Anafranil CLOMIPRAMINE HCL Klonopin CLONAZEPAM Catapres, Kapvay CLONIDINE HCL * Tranxene CLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUM Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT, Versacloz CLOZAPINE Norpramin, Pertofrane DESIPRAMINE HCL Pristiq DESVENLAFAXINE Focalin, Focalin XR DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HCL Dexedrine DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SULFATE Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis DEXTROAMPHETAMINE/AMPHETAMINE * Valium DIAZEPAM Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakote * Sprinkles DIVALPROEX SODIUM Silenor, Sinequan DOXEPIN HCL Cymbalta DULOXETINE HCL Cipralex, Lexapro ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE * Aptiom, Zebinix ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE * Zarontin ETHOSUXIMIDE * Peganone ETHOTOIN * Trobalt, Potiga EZOGABINE * Felbatol FELBAMATE Prozac, Sarafem FLUOXETINE HCL Permitil, Prolixin Deconaote (INJ) FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE Prolixin Elixir, Modecate FLUPHENAZINE HCL Luvox FLUVOXAMINE MALEATE * Cerebyx (INJ) FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM * Neurontin GABAPENTIN * Horizant GABAPENTIN ENACARBIL Tenex GUANFACINE HCL Haldol HALOPERIDOL Haldol Decanoate (AMP), Peridol, Haloperidol LA HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Haldol (AMP) HALOPERIDOL LACTATE Fanapt, Zomaril ILOPERIDONE Tofranil IMIPRAMINE HCL Tofranil-PM IMIPRAMINE PAMOATE Marplan ISOCARBOXAZID * Vimpat LACOSAMIDE * Lamictal LAMOTRIGINE * Keppra LEVETIRACETAM Fetzima LEVOMILNACIPRAN HCL Vyvanse LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE Eskalith CR, Lithobid LITHIUM CARBONATE Lithium LITHIUM CITRATE Ativan LORAZEPAM Loxitane LOXAPINE Loxitane LOXAPINE SUCCINATE Latuda LURASIDONE HCL Ludiomil MAPROTILINE HCL Miltown, Equanil MEPROBAMATE Desoxyn, Methedrine METHAMPHETAMINE HCL * Celontin METHSUXIMIDE Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Methylin, Methylin ER, Quillivant XR, Quillichew ER, Aptensio XR, Cotemplat XR-ODT, Jornay PM, Adhansia XR, Daytrana (PTCH) METHYLPHENIDATE * Versed MIDAZOLAM Remeron MIRTAZAPINE Provigil MODAFINIL Moban MOLINDONE HCL Serzone, Dutonin, Nefadar NEFAZODONE HCL Pamelor NORTRIPTYLINE HCL Zyprexa OLANZAPINE Symbyax OLANZAPINE/FLUOXETINE HCL Serax, Alepam OXAZEPAM * Trileptal, Oxtellar XR OXCARBAZEPINE Invega PALIPERIDONE Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza (INJ) PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE Paxil, Paxil CR PAROXETINE HCL Brisdelle, Pexeva PAROXETINE MESYLATE * Nembutal (INJ) PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM * Fycompa PERAMPANEL Trilafon PERPHENAZINE Etrafon, Triavil, Triptafen PERPHENAZINE/AMITRIPTYLINE HCL Nardil PHENELZINE SULFATE * Solfoton PHENOBARBITAL * Dilantin PHENYTOIN * Dilantin PHENYTOIN SODIUM * Dilantin PHENYTOIN SODIUM EXTENDED * Nuplazid PIMAVANSERIN TARTRATE Orap PIMOZIDE * Lyrica PREGABALIN * Mysoline PRIMIDONE Vivactil PROTRIPTYLINE HCL Seroquel QUETIAPINE FUMARATE Risperdal RISPERIDONE Risperdal Consta (INJ) RISPERIDONE MICROSPHERES * Banzel RUFINAMIDE * Seconal Sodium SECOBARBITAL
Recommended publications
  • PPE Requirements Hazardous Drug Handling
    This document’s purpose is only to provide general guidance. It is not a definitive interpretation for how to comply with DOSH requirements. Consult the actual NIOSH hazardous drugs list and program regulations in entirety to understand all specific compliance requirements. Minimum PPE Required Minimum PPE Required Universal (Green) - handling and disposed of using normal precautions. PPE Requirements High (Red) - double gloves, gown, eye and face protection in Low (Yellow) - handle at all times with gloves and appropriate engineering Hazardous Drug Handling addition to any necessary controls. engineering controls. Moderate (Orange) -handle at all times with gloves, gown, eye and face protection (with splash potential) and appropirate engineering controls. Tablet Open Capsule Handling only - Contained Crush/Split No alteration Crush/Split Dispensed/Common Drug Name Other Drug Name Additional Information (Formulation) and (NIOSH CATEGORY #) Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Required required required required abacavir (susp) (2) ziagen/epzicom/trizivir Low abacavir (tablet) (2) ziagen/epzicom/trizivir Universal Low Moderate acitretin (capsule) (3) soriatane Universal Moderate anastrazole (tablet) (1) arimidex Low Moderate High android (capsule) (3) methyltestosterone Universal Moderate apomorphine (inj sq) (2) apomorphine Moderate arthotec/cytotec (tablet) (3) diclofenac/misoprostol Universal Low Moderate astagraf XL (capsule) (2) tacrolimus Universal do not open avordart (capsule) (3) dutasteride Universal Moderate azathioprine
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Status Epilepticus
    Published online: 2019-11-21 THIEME Review Article 267 Management of Status Epilepticus Ritesh Lamsal1 Navindra R. Bista1 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Address for correspondence Ritesh Lamsal, MD, DM, Department Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal of Anaesthesiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University,Kathmandu, Nepal (e-mail: [email protected]). J Neuroanaesthesiol Crit Care 2019;6:267–274 Abstract Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurologic condition that requires imme- diate assessment and intervention. Over the past few decades, the duration of seizure Keywords required to define status epilepticus has shortened, reflecting the need to start thera- ► convulsive status py without the slightest delay. The focus of this review is on the management of con- epilepticus vulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus in critically ill patients. Initial treatment ► neurocritical care of both forms of status epilepticus includes immediate assessment and stabilization, ► nonconvulsive status and administration of rapidly acting benzodiazepine therapy followed by nonbenzodi- epilepticus azepine antiepileptic drug. Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus (RSE and ► refractory status SRSE) pose a lot of therapeutic problems, necessitating the administration of contin- epilepticus uous infusion of high doses of anesthetic agents, and carry a high risk of debilitating ► status epilepticus morbidity as well as mortality. ► super-refractory sta- tus epilepticus Introduction occur after 30 minutes of seizure activity. However, this working definition did not indicate the need to immediately Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical and neurologic emergency commence treatment and that permanent neuronal injury that requires immediate evaluation and treatment. It is associat- could occur by the time a clinical diagnosis of SE was made.
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibitory Effect of Eslicarbazepine Acetate and S-Licarbazepine on 2 Nav1.5 Channels
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.059188; this version posted August 14, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Inhibitory effect of eslicarbazepine acetate and S-licarbazepine on 2 Nav1.5 channels 3 Theresa K. Leslie1, Lotte Brückner 1, Sangeeta Chawla1,2, William J. Brackenbury1,2* 4 1Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK 5 2York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK 6 * Correspondence: Dr William J. Brackenbury, Department of Biology and York Biomedical 7 Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. Email: 8 [email protected]. Tel: +44 1904 328284. 9 Keywords: Anticonvulsant, cancer, epilepsy, eslicarbazepine acetate, Nav1.5, S-licarbazepine, 10 voltage-gated Na+ channel. 11 Abstract 12 Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a dibenzazepine anticonvulsant approved as adjunctive treatment for 13 partial-onset epileptic seizures. Following first pass hydrolysis of ESL, S-licarbazepine (S-Lic) 14 represents around 95 % of circulating active metabolites. S-Lic is the main enantiomer responsible 15 for anticonvulsant activity and this is proposed to be through the blockade of voltage-gated Na+ 16 channels (VGSCs). ESL and S-Lic both have a voltage-dependent inhibitory effect on the Na+ current 17 in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells expressing neuronal VGSC subtypes including Nav1.1, Nav1.2, 18 Nav1.3, Nav1.6 and Nav1.7.
    [Show full text]
  • In Silico Methods for Drug Repositioning and Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction
    In silico Methods for Drug Repositioning and Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction Pathima Nusrath Hameed ORCID: 0000-0002-8118-9823 Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Mechanical Engineering THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE May 2018 Copyright © 2018 Pathima Nusrath Hameed All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the author. Abstract Drug repositioning and drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction are two fundamental ap- plications having a large impact on drug development and clinical care. Drug reposi- tioning aims to identify new uses for existing drugs. Moreover, understanding harmful DDIs is essential to enhance the effects of clinical care. Exploring both therapeutic uses and adverse effects of drugs or a pair of drugs have significant benefits in pharmacology. The use of computational methods to support drug repositioning and DDI prediction en- able improvements in the speed of drug development compared to in vivo and in vitro methods. This thesis investigates the consequences of employing a representative training sam- ple in achieving better performance for DDI classification. The Positive-Unlabeled Learn- ing method introduced in this thesis aims to employ representative positives as well as reliable negatives to train the binary classifier for inferring potential DDIs. Moreover, it explores the importance of a finer-grained similarity metric to represent the pairwise drug similarities. Drug repositioning can be approached by new indication detection. In this study, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification is used as the primary source to determine the indications/therapeutic uses of drugs for drug repositioning.
    [Show full text]
  • Eslicarbazepine Acetate Longer Procedure No
    European Medicines Agency London, 19 February 2009 Doc. Ref.: EMEA/135697/2009 CHMP ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR authorised Exalief International Nonproprietary Name: eslicarbazepine acetate longer Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/000987 no Assessment Report as adopted by the CHMP with all information of a commercially confidential nature deleted. product Medicinal 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20) 74 18 84 16 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.emea.europa.eu TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PROCEDURE........................................... 3 1.1. Submission of the dossier ...................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Steps taken for the assessment of the product..................................................................... 3 2. SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Introduction............................................................................................................................ 4 2.2. Quality aspects ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.3. Non-clinical aspects................................................................................................................ 8 2.4. Clinical aspects....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Class Overview Anticonvulsants
    Therapeutic Class Overview Anticonvulsants INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is a disease of the brain defined by any of the following (Fisher et al 2014): ○ At least 2 unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring > 24 hours apart; ○ 1 unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after 2 unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years; ○ Diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome. Types of seizures include generalized seizures, focal (partial) seizures, and status epilepticus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2018, Epilepsy Foundation 2016). ○ Generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain and include: . Tonic-clonic (grand mal): begin with stiffening of the limbs, followed by jerking of the limbs and face . Myoclonic: characterized by rapid, brief contractions of body muscles, usually on both sides of the body at the same time . Atonic: characterized by abrupt loss of muscle tone; they are also called drop attacks or akinetic seizures and can result in injury due to falls . Absence (petit mal): characterized by brief lapses of awareness, sometimes with staring, that begin and end abruptly; they are more common in children than adults and may be accompanied by brief myoclonic jerking of the eyelids or facial muscles, a loss of muscle tone, or automatisms. ○ Focal seizures are located in just 1 area of the brain and include: . Simple: affect a small part of the brain; can affect movement, sensations, and emotion, without a loss of consciousness . Complex: affect a larger area of the brain than simple focal seizures and the patient loses awareness; episodes typically begin with a blank stare, followed by chewing movements, picking at or fumbling with clothing, mumbling, and performing repeated unorganized movements or wandering; they may also be called “temporal lobe epilepsy” or “psychomotor epilepsy” .
    [Show full text]
  • CEREBYX® (Fosphenytoin Sodium Injection)
    NDA 020450 Cerebyx (fosphenytoin sodium) Injection FDA Approved Labeling Text dated 10/2011 Page 1 of 22 CEREBYX® (Fosphenytoin Sodium Injection) WARNING: CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSOCIATED WITH RAPID INFUSION RATES The rate of intravenous CEREBYX administration should not exceed 150 mg phenytoin sodium equivalents (PE) per minute because of the risk of severe hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias. Careful cardiac monitoring is needed during and after administering intravenous CEREBYX. Although the risk of cardiovascular toxicity increases with infusion rates above the recommended infusion rate, these events have also been reported at or below the recommended infusion rate. Reduction in rate of administration or discontinuation of dosing may be needed (see WARNINGS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). DESCRIPTION CEREBYX® (fosphenytoin sodium injection) is a prodrug intended for parenteral administration; its active metabolite is phenytoin. 1.5 mg of fosphenytoin sodium is equivalent to 1 mg phenytoin sodium, and is referred to as 1 mg phenytoin sodium equivalents (PE). The amount and concentration of fosphenytoin is always expressed in terms of mg PE. CEREBYX is marketed in 2 mL vials containing a total of 100 mg PE and 10 mL vials containing a total of 500 mg PE. The concentration of each vial is 50 mg PE/mL. CEREBYX is supplied in vials as a ready-mixed solution in Water for Injection, USP, and Tromethamine, USP (TRIS), buffer adjusted to pH 8.6 to 9.0 with either Hydrochloric Acid, NF, or Sodium Hydroxide, NF. CEREBYX is a clear, colorless to pale yellow, sterile solution. The chemical name of fosphenytoin is 5,5-diphenyl-3-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-2,4­ imidazolidinedione disodium salt.
    [Show full text]
  • Eslicarbazepine Acetate: a New Improvement on a Classic Drug Family for the Treatment of Partial-Onset Seizures
    Drugs R D DOI 10.1007/s40268-017-0197-5 REVIEW ARTICLE Eslicarbazepine Acetate: A New Improvement on a Classic Drug Family for the Treatment of Partial-Onset Seizures 1 1 1 Graciana L. Galiana • Angela C. Gauthier • Richard H. Mattson Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Eslicarbazepine acetate is a new anti-epileptic drug belonging to the dibenzazepine carboxamide family Key Points that is currently approved as adjunctive therapy and monotherapy for partial-onset (focal) seizures. The drug Eslicarbazepine acetate is an effective and safe enhances slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium chan- treatment option for partial-onset seizures as nels and subsequently reduces the activity of rapidly firing adjunctive therapy and monotherapy. neurons. Eslicarbazepine acetate has few, but some, drug– drug interactions. It is a weak enzyme inducer and it Eslicarbazepine acetate improves upon its inhibits cytochrome P450 2C19, but it affects a smaller predecessors, carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, by assortment of enzymes than carbamazepine. Clinical being available in a once-daily regimen, interacting studies using eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treat- with a smaller range of drugs, and causing less side ment or monotherapy have demonstrated its efficacy in effects. patients with refractory or newly diagnosed focal seizures. The drug is generally well tolerated, and the most common side effects include dizziness, headache, and diplopia. One of the greatest strengths of eslicarbazepine acetate is its ability to be administered only once per day. Eslicar- 1 Introduction bazepine acetate has many advantages over older anti- epileptic drugs, and it should be strongly considered when Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting over treating patients with partial-onset epilepsy.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcium Channel Blocker As a Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Generalised Epilepsies
    UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Calcium channel blocker as a drug candidate for the treatment of generalised epilepsies Final degree project Author: Janire Sanz Sevilla Bachelor's degree in Pharmacy Primary field: Organic Chemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Secondary field: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Molecular Biology March 2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons license ABBREVIATIONS AED antiepileptic drug AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid ANNA-1 antineuronal nuclear antibody 1 BBB blood-brain barrier Bn benzyl BnBr benzyl bromide BnNCO benzyl isocyanate Boc tert-butoxycarbonyl Bu4NBr tetrabutylammonium bromide Ca+2 calcium ion CACNA1 calcium channel voltage-dependent gene cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate CCB calcium channel blocker cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate CH3CN acetonitrile Cl- chlorine ion Cmax maximum concentration CMV cytomegalovirus CTScan computed axial tomography DCM dichloromethane DIPEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine DMF dimethylformamide DMPK drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics DNET dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours EEG electroencephalogram EPSP excitatory post-synaptic potential FDA food and drug administration Fe iron FLIPR fluorescence imaging plate reader fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging GABA γ-amino-α-hydroxybutyric acid GAD65 glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 GAERS generalised absence epilepsy rat of Strasbourg GluR5 kainate receptor GTC generalised tonic-clonic H+ hydrogen ion H2 hydrogen H2O dihydrogen dioxide (water)
    [Show full text]
  • Epilepsy & Behavior
    Epilepsy & Behavior 80 (2018) 365–369 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Epilepsy & Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yebeh Brief Communication Eslicarbazepine acetate as a replacement for levetiracetam in people with epilepsy developing behavioral adverse events Virupakshi Jalihal a, Rohit Shankar b,c,⁎, William Henley c, Mary Parrett d, Phil Tittensor e, Brendan N. McLean d, Ammad Ahmed f, Josemir W. Sander g,h,i a Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560054, India b Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Threemilestone Industrial Estate, Truro TR4 9LD, UK c Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK d Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, UK e Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, UK f Bial Pharma Ltd., Admiral House, Windsor SL4 3BL, UK g NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK h Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire SL9 0RJ, UK i Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, Netherlands article info abstract Article history: Background: Psychiatric and behavioral side effects (PBSEs) are a major cause of antiepileptic drug (AED) Received 13 November 2017 withdrawal. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a recognized first-line AED with good seizure outcomes but recognized Revised 16 January 2018 with PBSEs. Eslicarbazepine (ESL) is considered to function similarly to an active metabolite of the commonly Accepted 17 January 2018 used carbamazepine (CBZ). Carbamazepine is used as psychotropic medication to assist in various psychiatric Available online 5 February 2018 illnesses such as mood disorders, aggression, and anxiety.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
    Review Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs Epilepsy affects up to 1% of the general population and causes substantial disability. The management of seizures in patients with epilepsy relies heavily on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid have been the primary medications used to treat epilepsy for several decades. Since 1993 several AEDs have been approved by the US FDA for use in epilepsy. The choice of the AED is based primarily on the seizure type, spectrum of clinical activity, side effect profile and patient characteristics such as age, comorbidities and concurrent medical treatments. Those AEDs with broad- spectrum activity are often found to exert an action at more than one molecular target. This article will review the proposed mechanisms of action of marketed AEDs in the US and discuss the future of AEDs in development. 1 KEYWORDS: AEDs anticonvulsant drugs antiepileptic drugs epilepsy Aaron M Cook mechanism of action seizures & Meriem K Bensalem-Owen† The therapeutic armamentarium for the treat- patients with refractory seizures. The aim of this 1UK HealthCare, 800 Rose St. H-109, ment of seizures has broadened significantly article is to discuss the past, present and future of Lexington, KY 40536-0293, USA †Author for correspondence: over the past decade [1]. Many of the newer AED pharmacology and mechanisms of action. College of Medicine, Department of anti epileptic drugs (AEDs) have clinical advan- Neurology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Room L-455, tages over older, so-called ‘first-generation’ First-generation AEDs Lexington, KY 40536, USA AEDs in that they are more predictable in their Broadly, the mechanisms of action of AEDs can Tel.: +1 859 323 0229 Fax: +1 859 323 5943 dose–response profile and typically are associ- be categorized by their effects on the neuronal [email protected] ated with less drug–drug interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/014.3507 A1 Gant Et Al
    US 2010.0143507A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/014.3507 A1 Gant et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 10, 2010 (54) CARBOXYLIC ACID INHIBITORS OF Publication Classification HISTONE DEACETYLASE, GABA (51) Int. Cl. TRANSAMINASE AND SODIUM CHANNEL A633/00 (2006.01) A 6LX 3/553 (2006.01) A 6LX 3/553 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Thomas G. Gant, Carlsbad, CA A63L/352 (2006.01) (US); Sepehr Sarshar, Cardiff by A6II 3/19 (2006.01) the Sea, CA (US) C07C 53/128 (2006.01) A6IP 25/06 (2006.01) A6IP 25/08 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A6IP 25/18 (2006.01) GLOBAL PATENT GROUP - APX (52) U.S. Cl. .................... 424/722:514/211.13: 514/221; 10411 Clayton Road, Suite 304 514/456; 514/557; 562/512 ST. LOUIS, MO 63131 (US) (57) ABSTRACT Assignee: AUSPEX The present invention relates to new carboxylic acid inhibi (73) tors of histone deacetylase, GABA transaminase, and/or PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., Sodium channel activity, pharmaceutical compositions Vista, CA (US) thereof, and methods of use thereof. (21) Appl. No.: 12/632,507 Formula I (22) Filed: Dec. 7, 2009 Related U.S. Application Data (60) Provisional application No. 61/121,024, filed on Dec. 9, 2008. US 2010/014.3507 A1 Jun. 10, 2010 CARBOXYLIC ACID INHIBITORS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE, GABA TRANSAMNASE AND SODIUM CHANNEL 0001. This application claims the benefit of priority of Valproic acid U.S. provisional application No. 61/121,024, filed Dec. 9, 2008, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by ref 0004 Valproic acid is extensively metabolised via erence as if written herein in its entirety.
    [Show full text]