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Sbornik-T-II 2015 K IT THE UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY STUDIA ACADEMICA ŠUMENENSIA CHRISTIANITY IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE (CIVILIZATIONAL AND POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE) edited by Biser Georgiev, Rumen Vatashki and Ivo Topalilov Vol. 2, 2015 The University of Shumen Press STUDIA ACADEMICA ŠUMENENSIA THE UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY edited by Biser Georgiev, Rumen Vatashki, Ivo Topalilov and Svetlana Nedelcheva (language editor) ISSN 2367-5446 THE UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN Contents ‘Christianity in Southeastern Europe (Civilizational and Political Perspective’ …………………………………………………………………………………………….… 5 Bisser Georgiev , Rumen Vatashki, Ivo Topalilov Rereading ‘Stroitelite ...’ …….…………………………………………………………………..... 8 Andrei Pantev Russia and the Coburgs between Catholicism and East Orthodox Christianity …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27 Dimitar Sazdov The religious factor in the Austrian-Hungarian policy towards Bulgaria throughout the wars of 1912-1918 …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….. 47 Radoslav Mishev Attempt to create a Christian Democratic Party in Bulgaria at the end of World War I ……………………………………………………………………………………….…… 57 Bisser Georgiev The Bulgarian Ortkodox Exarchate and Abolitionism ……………………….…… 73 Valery Kolev Birth of parliamentary democracy (1871 church and laity council) ………… 89 Hristo Temelsky Church and care for orphan children on Ukrainian territories in the 19 th – the beginning of 20 th centuries ……………………………..………………………………… 111 Olena Kravchenko ‘I gave my vision for their country! ...’ Blinded Soldiers of the First World War in Austria (1914) ……………………………………………..………………………………. 122 Stefan Karner Serbian Orthodox Church cooperation and frictions with Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and Bulgarian Exarchate during interwar period …………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 126 Mira Radojević Srđan Mićić Political Morality and the Recall of Members of Parliament in the Bulgarian Parliamentary Tradition …………………………………………….………………………….. 144 Todor Galunov Attempts of the Holy See to invite local Eastern Orthodox Churches to participate in the work of the Second Vatican Council ……………..…………… 155 Rumen Vatashki Contributors to the volume: ………..…………………………………………………...…… 168 ‘CHRISTIANITY IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE (CIVILIZATIONAL AND POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE)’ The second volume of the series Studia academica Šumenensia is dedicated to a global historical theme – ‘Christianity in Southeastern Europe (civilizational and historical perspective)’. This book comprises the collected works of eleven leading historians in their fields of study from four European countries. The topics vary but they are thematically related to the common theme – civilizational development in Southeastern Europe. The context deals with the political motives and parliamentary life, international diplomacy, Christian culture and relationships, manifestation of moral values, social state policy, etc. Having in mind the main theme a special place is assigned to the Christian values’ influence on the development of the European society in the region discussed. The papers in the volume are ordered chronologically. In general, the authors’ works can be put in two main groups: on the one hand, the studies are devoted to the international relations and the development of political models through the prism of Christianity, on the other hand, some of the studies consider the moral and social problems in the society’s development, as well as the relationships between the different church centers. Undoubtedly, in the first group Prof. Dr. Habil Pantev’s work ‘Rereading Stroitelite ’ deserves the most serious attention. He presents one of the most dramatic episodes in Southeastern Europe – ‘The Bulgarian crisis’ of 1886 – 1894. The main aspect of the study are the Bulgarian-Russian relations, interwoven in the complex prism of international diplomacy, the Bulgarians’ gratitude for the Liberation, Orthodox traditions, etc. The author clearly demonstrates the reasons, both ethical and political, which led Sofia to independent foreign politics and the huge drama of Russian diplomacy, which lost its influence on the brotherly Balkan Christian country. Another research related to Prof. Dr. Habil Pantev’s work is Prof. Dr. Habil Sazdov’s article ‘ Russia and the Coburgs between Catholicism and East Orthodox Christianity ’. It studies a private matter of the same period and the same region, regarding the change of Turnovo Constitution as a result of international complications, the necessity of building a Bulgarian dynasty and at the same time – the ‘reconciliation’ between Bulgaria and Russia. Here the author focuses more specifically on the religious anguish of Prince Ferdinand because his first-born son has to be converted to Orthodox Christianity. 5 Prof. Dr. Habil Mishev’s article ‘ The religious factor in the Austrian- Hungarian policy towards Bulgaria throughout the wars of 1912-1918 ’ presents a less studied problem up to the present moment, related to the attempts of the Bulgarians under foreign domination to use Austrian and Hungarian confessional interests on the Balkans to achieve better conditions for education and religion in their native language. As the author himself points out, their efforts were not successful. The article of Prof. Dr. Habil Georgiev is entitled ‘ An attempt to create a Christian Democratic Party in Bulgaria at the end of World War I ’. The author’s main thesis is that the attempt to create a Bulgarian political party with Christian views is not successful because the conditions in the country at the end of World War I are not appropriate. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kolev’s work ‘ The Bulgarian Orthodox Exarchate and abolitionism ’ provokes an extreme interest. The study covers both main themes of the present volume. For the first time on the basis of carefully selected materials from the second half of 20 th century the author makes the statement that in the Ottoman Empire there are no separate social circles and institutions that oppose slavery. The only exception is the Bulgarian Exarchate based in Constantinople, which turns into a central factor for Bulgarian abolitionism. It plays a leading role in the prohibition of slavery by law in Bulgarian Principality, marked by a special article in Turnovo constitution and in the autonomous region of Eastern Rumelia (South Bulgaria today). Simultaneously, the author follows the activities of the ecclesiastical authorities for redeeming slaves of Bulgarian origin within the Ottoman Empire in Asia and Africa. The work of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Temelsky entitled ‘The birth of parliamentary democracy (1871 church and laity council) ’ focuses on a memorable event in the Bulgarian Renaissance history, associated with one of the first attempts of the Bulgarian society to establish democratically their public institutions, what is more, to establish them under a despotic foreign state power. As it was mentioned above the second group of articles are dedicated to the moral and social problems in the development of society and church. Due to their thematic diversity they are ordered chronologically. The study of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kravchenko from Ukraine ‘ Church and care for orphan children in Ukrainian territories in the 19th – the beginning of 20th century ’ is about Russian Orthodox church charity for organization and taking care of orphan children in the Ukrainian provinces. It studies the role of eparchial patronage, brotherhoods, Orthodox monasteries and clergy in providing welfare assistance for orphans, in creating orphanages, educational and disciplinary institutions. The author presents the forms of 6 church care in the war years at the beginning of the 20 th century. The short article written by Prof. Dr. Karner, Direktor des Ludwig Boltzmann-Instituts für Kriegsfolgen-Forschung, Graz-Wien, is entitled ‘ I lost my sight for my country! … Soldiers blinded in World War I in Austria (1914) ’. It is research presented in Russian at 4 th International Conference ‘Первая мировая война: взгляд спустя столетие’, which took place in Moscow in November 2014 with participants from nine countries. As the materials of this forum had not been published up to now and there is little chance it will happen in the near future, the author decided to publish in the present volume as an article the presentation that caused serious scientific interest in the Russian capital. The only co-authored work in the present volume ‘Serbian Orthodox Church cooperation and frictions with Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and Bulgarian Exarchate during interwar period’ is submitted by two Serbian historians from Belgrade – Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mira Radojević and Srđan Mićić, MA. It considers not only religious but also many controversial political issues on the Balkans related to the struggles for influence between the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian Exarchate and the Vatican in the period between the two World Wars. ‘Political Morality and the Recall of Members of Parliament in the Bulgarian Parliamentary Tradition ’, the article by Prof. Dr. Habil Galunov is devoted to Bulgarian issues and problems. Its chronological range is the period of Bulgarian socialism (1944 - 1989 AD), when the "recall of Parliamentary members" is a propaganda tool of the totalitarian regime. It discusses in detail the procedures for recalling characteristic of a closed society, standing away from the principles of democracy, political and Christian morality. Last but not
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