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Home , Dasyurinae, Deltatheridium, Murexia, Pappotherium

Author Index

Abbie, A. A., 10, 23, 240, 243-6, 248, Banks, M. R., 67, 94 250-1, 253, 257 Barber, H. N., 34, 37,47 Adams, J., 444, 449 Barbour, R. A., 235, 244, 250- l, 257-8 Adams, N. M., 169, 178 von Bardeleben, K., 426, 449 Adams, W. E., 252, 257-8 Bardin, C. W., 440, 449 Adey, W. R., 248-9, 258 Barker, I., 214-15, 218 Adie, R. J ., 80- l, 88 Barker, I. K., 139-41, 144, 149, 151 Agar, W. E., 426, 449 Barker, P. F., 78, 88 Ahmad, K., 39,4 7 Barker, R., 221, 232 Air, G. M., 27, 45, 100, Ill Barker, S., 141, 144, 146-7, 151 Aitken, P. F., 15, 20, 23 Barnett, C. H., 242,258,416,419,449 Alexandre, H. L., 275, 283 Barnett,J.L., 149,151,211-12,219,347, Allard, G. 0., 75, 88 349,354-5,357,370,373 Allen, J. A., 14 Barr, K. W., 74, 88 Allen, J. M., 242, 265,446,453 Barsbold, R., 71, 88 Allison, A., 193, 208 Bartholomew, G. A., 229, 232 Amoroso, E. C., 240, 258, 340, 343 Barton, A. A., 254, 262 Anderson, D., 364, 367, 373, 398, 399, 408 Barton, C. M., 81, 88 Anderson, J. J., 103, Ill Basmaijan, J. V., 293, 304 Anderson, N., 143, 151 Bautista, N. S., 248, 258 Anderson, T. A., 74, 88 de Bavay, J. M., 238-40,260,268 Andrew, W., 255, 258 Baxter, J. S., 239-40, 258 Appelbaum, E., 243, 267 Beck, R. R., 352,374,400-1,409 Archer, M., 12, 15, 19-20, 23-4, 316-19, Beddard,F.E., 411,449 422 Beer, A. E., 279, 283 Ardran, G. M., 292n, 304 Behrman, S. J., 279, 283 Armstrong, R. L., 80, 82, 89 Bell, J ., 74, 88 Arrighi, F. E., 42, 45 Benda,C., 422,426,431,449 Arundel, J. H., 139-40, 142, 151, 211 Benevento, L. A., 248, 258 Aschoff, J ., 388, 390 Bennet, H. S., 346, 373 Attwood, H. D., 151 Bensley, B. A., 20, 24, 242, 245, 258, 320, Atwood, T., 268 422 Aubreville, A., Ill Bentley, P. J., 393, 397, 409 Audley-Charles, M.G., 110, 112 Berger, P. J., 339, 342-4,456 Augee, M. L., 345, 366, 373, 375 Berian, R. L., 246, 258 Avery, 0. E., 99 Berkovitz, B. K. L., 243, 258-9 Axelrod, D. 1., 64, 67, 69-70, 75-6, Berntzern, A. K., 327, 334 80-1, 93, 103, 114 Besch, P. K., 352,374, 400-l, 409 Azzali, G., 253,255,257-8,416,419,449 Best, J. B., 403, 409 Beveridge, I., 139, 141, 218 Babson, A. L., 329, 334 Beveridge, W. I. B., 146, 152 Bachmann, K., 42, 45 Bianchi, N. 0., 25, 28, 45, 4 7 Backhouse, T. C., 148, 151-2 Biedenbach, M.A., 249, 259 Baggett, H., 253, 260 Biggers, J. D., 28, 45, 72, 88, 240-2, 259, Bailey, P.T., 221,232 309,322,339,343,412,449 Bain, J. H. C., 110, 112 Biggert, T. P., 247,264 Baker, H. G., 55-6, 65 Biggs, B. G., 85 Bakker,H.R., 389-90 Billingham, R. E., 279, 283 Balahan, G. B., 46 Binder, S., 426, 431, 449 Baldwin, J., 425, 449 Bitterman, M. E., 20 l, 205 - 6 Bancroft, B. J., 256,258,357,376,412, Blackshaw, A. W., 431, 454 449 Blair, D. M., 252, 259 459 460 Author index Blair-West, J. 354, 359, 373, 376, 398, Cabrera, A., 13, 18-19, 24 401- 3, 406, 409- 10 Cahill, G. F., 371, 374 Bliss, M. L., 327, 334 Calaby, J. H., 1, 2, 7, 9, 20-2,24,26-7, Block, M., 193, 206 29,47, 122, 128n, 134,138,141,151, Blumer, W. F. C., 247, 259 179,209-10,221-2,231-3,240,243, Boardman, W., 251-3, 259,411,449 260,270,274,281,284,337,344,383, Bodian, D., 246- 8, 256, 259 390,412,422,456 Bogart, C. M., 82, 88 Campbell, A. C. P., 250, 272 Bohnenberger, 0., 74, 89 Campbell, C. B. G., 167- 8 Bolli, H. M., 113 Campbell, K. S. W., 81, 88 Bolliger, A., 148, 152, 240, 242, 245, 250, Caramia, F., 257, 267 257' 259-60, 411, 441, 444, 449- 51 Cardosa, F., 416,449,451 Bongiovani, A.M., 211, 219, 350, 373 Carpenter, F. M., 56 Boray, J. C., 149, 152 Carrick, F. N., 241, 269,413,416,426, Bourne, G. H., 257, 260, 346-7, 373 430, 434-6, 439-41,449-50,456 Bowman, M. H., 247,264 Carrodus, A. L., 412, 441, 444, 450-1 Boyd, J. D., 279, 283 Carroll, A. L. K., 238, 264 Bradford, H. M., 182, 191 Carsloo, S., 302, 304 Bradley, A. J., 139, 209, 212, 214, 219, Carter, A. N., 113 351,357,362,370-1,373 Carter, D. J., llO, l12 Bradshaw, S. D., 358, 368, 373 Caughley, G., 229, 232 Braithwaite, R. W., 139, 209-10, 212, Chabaud, A. G., 149, 152 215-19, 362 Chambers, W. W., 249, 272 Brazenor, C. W., 242, 258,416,419,449 Chandler, M. E. J., 80, 93 Bremer, J. L., 253, 260 Chase, C. G., 72, 83, 91, 104-5, l 09, 113 Briden, J. C., 70, 94, 97, 111-12 Chase, E. B., 425,441,444,446,451 Briggs, B. G., 85, 91 Chavin-Colin, F., 46 Brinster, R. L., 279, 285 Cheal, P. D., 211-12, 219 Britten, R. J., 42, 46 Chester Jones, 1., 25 7, 260, 2 71, 346- 7, Britton, S. W., 364, 367, 373, 376, 398, 349,374,376,398,409 409-10 Chippendale, G. M., 221, 232 van den Broek, A. J. P., 307-9, 316, Christensen, A. K., 241, 260,439,451 318-19,323,418,441,450 Christian, J. J., 209, 218-19, 345-6, 349, Broom, R., 412,450 374 Brown, B. K., 422,456 Christian, L., 4 7 Brown, D. A., 81-2, 88 Churchill, D. M., 380, 390- 1 Brown, G. D., 379, 388, 390 Clark, M. J., 342-4 Brown, L., 280- 1, 284 Clayton, R. N., 80, 88 Brown, S. 0., 273, 284 Cleland, K. W., 241,269,425-6,449,451, Brown, W. L. (Jr.), 56 455 Brownell, K. A., 352, 374,400- 1, 409 Clemens, N. A., 345, 374 Brown-Grant, K., 354, 374 Clemens, W. A., 2-3, 49, 51- 2, 56, 59, Bruce, H. M., 280, 284 61, 63, 65, 69-70, 88, 97-8, 100, 103, Buchanan,G., 240,260,412,450 112 Buchmann, 0. L., 194, 196, 198, 203, Clermont, Y., 425,434,451 205-6 Clezy, J. K. A., 247,260 Buchmann, 0. L. K., 139, 155, 164 Cockram, F. A., 148, 152 Buckland, R. A., 40, 46, 48 Cody, M. L., 274, 284 Bull, L. B., 149, 152 Coghlan, J. P., 354-5, 359, 373-4, 376, de Burlet, H. M., 423,450 401,409 Burns, R. K., 193, 206 Cole,L.C., 217,219 Burns, R. K. (Jr.), 411-12,422,441 Collins,J.P., 217,220 Burstein, S., 212, 220, 361, 376 Collins, L. R., 18, 24 Burrell, H., 155, 164, 168 Cone, A. L., 202, 206 Burrett, C. F., 97, 112 Cone, D. M., 202, 206 Bush, I. E., 349, 374 Coney, P. J., 106, 112 Butter, P. M., 58, 65, 71, 88, 98, 112 Contreras, J. R., 45 Buttle, J. M., 365-6, 374, 398, 409 Cook, B., 440,451 Author index 461 Cook, I., 145,152 Dimpel, H., 21, 24 Cook, P., 302, 304 Dingle, R. V., 75, 89, 104, 112 Cook, P. J., 113 Dinkelman, M.G., 73-4, 92 Cooper, D. W., 45, 4 7, 425, 452 Disselhorst, R., 441,444,451 Corbett, L., 230 Dixon, J. S., 177-8 Corbett, L. K., 24, 46 Doe, R. P., 212,219-20,361-2,374,376 Corbould, A., 149, 153 Dam, R., 246, 249, 252, 260, 263, 266 Corin-Frederic, J., 45-6 Doolittle, J. H., 199, 202, 204, 206-8 Costa, M. T. A., 416,449,4.51 Doran, G. A., 253, 260 Coues, E., 287, 304 Dorfman, R.I., 354, 374 Couper, R. A., 80, 88 Dorsch, M., 256, 260 Courot, M., 431, 434, 451 Douglas, R. G., 75, 89 Cowan, I. MeT., 21, 24 Doutch, H. F., 110, 112, 119-20, 138 Cowper, W., 308,411,422,441-4,451 Dowd, D. A., 251-2, 260 Cox, C. B., 64-5,69-70,75,88,103,112 Drewry, G. E., 70, 94, 97, 112 Cox, R. 1., 435-6, 439-40, 449- 50 Drummond, F. H., 40, 46 Craecraft, J., 64-5, 69, 88 Duesberg, J., 426, 439, 451 Craigie, E. H., 250, 260 Duke, K. L., 238, 267 Cranwell, L. C., 81, 88-9 Dunlop, C. W., 249, 258 Cranwell, L. M., 81, 89 Dunnet, G. M., 171, 177,380,391 Crawford, A. F., 82, 89 Dusen, P., 81, 89 Creed, R. F. S., 241, 259 Crelin, E. S., 277, 283-4 Crochet, J. Y., 52, 66 Ealey, E. H. M., 143, 152, 230, 232, 397, Crompton, A. W., 55-6, 66, 235, 273n, 409 283,287,292,294,302,304 Eberlein, W. R., 211, 214, 219, 373 Crook, K. A. W., 81, 88 Ebner, F. F., 246,248-9,258, 260-1, Crowcraft, P., 23-4 282,284 Cryer, R. J., 375 Eckstein, P., 238-42,245,261 Cunningham, D. J., 308-9,319,422,451 Edgar, N. T., 73, 89 Curtis, G. M., 431, 451 Einer-Jensen, N., 436, 451 Cuvier, G., 441 - 3, 451 Elliot, D. H., 78, 89-90 Elliot Smith, G., 246, 261 Dalziel, I. W. D., 78, 89, 106, 112 Embleton, B. J. J., 97, 101, 114 Dantuma, R., 287, 305 Emlen, J. M., 230, 232 Darlington, P. l. (Jr.), 70, 84, 89, 101, Enders, A. C., 240, 261 110, 112, 120, 138 Enders, R. K., 240, 261 Darwin, C., 162, 167 Engelberg, W., 355, 375 Davies, F., 251, 259 Enlow, D. H., 273, 284 Davis, D. E., 218- 19 Epstein, A. N., 402, 409 Davis, J. 0., 346, 375, 398, 409 Epstein, S., 80, 92 Erickson, R. P., Dawson, A. B., 256, 260 248, 261 Eta, T., 440, 457 Dawson, T. J., 188-9, 191 Evans, H. J., 40, 46, 48 Deanesly, R., 340, 343 Ewer, R. F., Dellovo, M. C., 254, 268 155, 160, 167, 206 Ewing, 73, 89 De Moor, P., 212, 219 Dempster, J. K., 141-2, 151 Dengo, G., 74, 89 Farmer, S. W., 340, 343 Dennis, B. J., 24 7, 260 Fawcett, D. W., 241, 260,436,438-9, Denton, D. A., 373, 376, 409 449,451 Denton, G. H., 80, 82, 89 Feray, D. E., 93 Desai,J.D., 333-4 Ferguson, K. H., 349, 374 Detterman, R. L., 73, 89 Fernandez, R., 212, 219, 362, 374 De Wit, M. J., 78, 89 Finkel, M. P., 241, 261, 411- 13, 451 Diamond, I. T., 248, 260- 1 Finkelstein, M., 352, 374 Didio, J. A., 253, 255, 258,416,419,449 Finkh, E. S., 148, 152 Dietz, R. S., 74-5,83,89, 97, 112 Finnie, E. P., 141, 147, 152 Di Lalla, V., 197, 207 Fisher, A. M., 249, 266 462 Author index Fisher, B. L., 252, 260 Giolli, R. A., 248, 262 Fisher, R. A., 274, 284 Glickman, S. E., 206 -7 Fisher, R. L., 75, 93 Godfrey, G. K., 340, 344 Fitter, R. S. R., 175, 178 Godinho, H. P., 416, 435, 449, 451 Fitzpatrick, K. T., 82, 91 Goldby, F., 247-9,262 Fitzsimmons, J. T., 402, 409 Goldman, H. D., 373 Fleay, D., 147, 152, 155, 167 Good, R., 111 -12 Fleming, C. A., 80, 82, 90, 111- 12 Gooding, C. G., 146-7, 153 Flores, M. N., 436,439,449,451 Goodwin, G. M., 287, 305 Flux, J. E. C., 173-4, 178 Gordon, G., 179-80,186-8,190-1 Flux, W. G., 334 Gordon, W. A., 98, 100, 112 Flynn, T. T., 238, 240, 261, 279, 284 Gossette, R. L., 194, 207 Fooden, J., 69-70, 90, 104, 112 de Graaf, F., 448, 452 Forbes, D. K., 254, 261 Graber, S. W., 451 Forbes, W. A., 253-5, 261 Grambast, L., 99, 113 Fordham, M.G. C., 256, 261, 308, 319, · Gramberg, I. S., 73, 94 322,444,451 Grant, N. K., 75, 90 Forschelli, E., 354, 374 Gray, D. F., 148, 152 Forsyth, D., 73, 93 Gray, J. E., 15-18, 24, 28-30 Fortney, J. A., 245, 261 Gray, P. A., 249, 262 Foss, D., 146, 152 Grecian, E. A., 194, 196, 198, 203, 205-6 Foster, F. J., 78, 90 Green, J. D., 256, 262 Fox, H., 146, 152 Green, J. W., 380, 391 Fox, M. W., 167 Green, L. M.A., 241, 245, 250, 262,439, Fox, R. C., 52,58-9,66, 98, 112 452 Frakes, L. A., 73, 80, 90 Green, R. H., 155, 164, 167, 210, 219 Francis, E. T. B., 252, 259 Greenwood, A. W., 426, 452 Frankland, A.M., 375 Gregory, W. K., 242-4,262 Fraser, E. A., 240, 252, 257, 260-1,412, Griesbach, W. E., 256,267,339-40,344 422,425,444,450-1 Griffiths, D. H., 78, 90 Fretwell, S. D., 275, 285 Griffiths, J. R., 78-80, 90, 106, 113 Fricky, H. 1., 45 Griffiths, M., 221, 232, 254, 262, 373 Friedman, H., 194, 196, 199- 200, 205- 6 Griffiths, N., 367-8, 370, 374 Frith, H. J., 221-2, 228, 230-3, 281, 284, Grinnell, J., 176, 178 412,414,422,451,456 de Grouchy, J., 40,46 Furst, c. M., 426, 452 Grzimek, B., 177, 178 Guilday, J. E., 63,66 Gains, M.S., 219 Guiler, E. R., 4, 139, 155, 164, 167-8, Ganong, W. F., 401,410 241-2,262-3,268,325,327-8,334-5, Gans, C., 287, 294, 305 412-13,416,419,422,452 Gardner, A. L., 13-14, 19, 24-5, 60, 63, Guimaraes, L. M., 72, 94 67,287,304 Gunson, M. M., 39-40, 46 Gattass, R., 248, 270 Guraya, S. S., 241, 262,431,452 Geist, V., 229, 232 Geoffroy, E., 14-16, 28 Hall, E. R., 18, 24, 176, 178 George, G. G., 20 Hall, W. C. D., 45 Gerecke, U., 390 Hall, W. P., 35, 48 Gerhardt, U., 307,318-19,422 Hallam, A., 55, 66,75-6 Giacometti, L., 327, 334 Haller, G., 46 Gibb, D. G. A., 145, 152 Halperin, G., 374 Gibbs, H. F., 245-6, 261 Hamel, E. G., 249, 266 Gibson, T. E., 143, 152 Hamerton, A. E., 149, 152 Giesel, C. 0., 431,455 Hamilton, D. W., 434, 452 Gillilan, L.A., 250, 261 Hamilton, W., 78, 90, 103, 113 Gilmore, D. P., 4, 139, 169-72, 178, 343, Hamilton, W. D., 230, 232 441,444,448,452 Hamilton, W. J., 279, 283 Gilmore, R. M., 18, 24 Hammwi, G. J., 377 Gilruth, J. A., 149, 152 Handley, C. 0. (Jr.), 14, 18, 24 Author index 463 Hanstr

Plumstead, E. P., 80- 1, 93 Ricklefs, R. E., 281,285 Pocock, R. I., 411, 454 Ridd, M. F., 82, 93 Poh1, H., 390 Ride, W. D. L., 1, 5, 10-13, 15, 19, 21, 23, Pollard, J. S., 201, 205, 207-8 25,30,47,51,67, 72,86,93, 11~ 12~ Poole, A. L., 169, 178 138, 155, 168, 179, 189, 191, 274, 285, Poole, W. E., 22, 26, 46, 240, 270, 337, 316-17,322 342-4,412,422,454 Rieger, P., 390 Pope, J. H., 145, 152 Riese, W., 249, 269 Porter, D. G., 340, 343 Riley, T. R., 377 Portugal, J. A., 62, 67 Ringis, J., 78, 103 Poulton, E. B., 254, 268 Roberts, F. H. S., 150, 153 Powell, M. R., 202, 208 Robinson, E. S., 456 Pracy, L. T., 170-1, 178 Robinson, P. T., 113 Preest, D. S., 109, 114 Robinson, T. J., 340, 344 Prepin, J., 453 Rocha·Miranda, C. E., 24 7, 267 Preston, A. C., 205, 207 Rocker, K., 113 Proto· Decima, F., 113 Rodger, J. C., 242, 269,441,444-9,455 Pubols,B.H., 247-8,268 Rodriguez, C. S., 211, 219 Pubols, L. M., 247, 268 Roebuck, A., 248-9, 266 Purves, H. D., 339-40, 344 Rolls, B. J ., 402, 409 Putnam, S. J., 248 Roosen·Runge,E.C., 431,455 Rose, M. E., 214, 220 Quinlan, D., 440, 457 Rosmer, W., 362, 376 Quintarelli, G., 254, 268 Rostorfer, H. H., 403,410 Rotenburg, D., 309, 323, 444, 455 Racey, P. A., 281, 285 Roth, L. M., 256, 269 Rae, C. A., 241, 269,425-6,429,449, Roubin, M., 46 455 Rowlands, I. W., 277,286,341,344 Rafols, J. A., 247,249,269 Royce, G. J., 247, 269 Rahman, A., 148, 153 Rubin, D., 412,439,441,444,446,455 Ratcliffe, H. L., 239, 269 Runcorn, S. K., 97n Rattner, J. B., 241, 269 Russell, D. A., 71, 93 Raul, F. D., 47 Russell, D. E., 60-1,67 Raven, H. C., 82, 93 Russell, E. M., 379, 391 Raven, P. H., 64,67, 69-70, 75-6, 80-1, Ryan, P., 118, 138 93, 103, 114 Raychaudhuri, C., 333-4 Sadleir, R. M., 379, 391 Read, P. A., 329, 334 Sadleir, R M. F. S., 414,448,455 Read, R. E., 371, 376 Sahni, A., 59, 67 Rechcigl, M., 263, 453 Saint-Paul, U. V., 390 Rees, H., 39,47 Sallis, J. D., 4, 325, 328, 335 Rees, S., 248-9, 269 Sampson, J. C., 280-1, 285 Regaud, C., 431, 455 Samylina, V. A., 73, 80, 93 Regelson, W., 419,457 Sapsford, C. S., 241, 269,425-31, 441, Reid, E. M., 80, 93 449,455 Reid, I. A., 325, 348, 359, 365-7, 373, Saunders, J. B., 74, 88 376,393,395-407,410 Scapino, R. P., 287, 304 Reig, 0. A., 18-19,23, 25, 28,47 Schafer, E. A., 254, 269 Renfree, M. B., 275, 277, 285, 337, 344, Schalm, 0. W., 211,220 353,376 Scharrer, E., 250, 269 Renz, G. W., 113 Schmidt, A. W., 409 Retterer, E., 308, 322 Schmidt· Neilsen, B., 371,376 Rewell, R. E., 255, 263 Schmidt-Neilsen, K., 376, 397,410 Reyment, R. A., 75, 93 Schneider, C., 250, 269 Rich, P. V., 69,93 Schneider, E. G., 403,410 Richards, P. G., 349-50,352,354-7,377 Schodde, R., 134, 138 Richardson, B. J., 45, 111 Schoenberger, J., 374 Richmond, C. R., 282, 391 Schopf, J., 81 468 Author index Schram, F. R., 21, 26 Smith, R. H., 179, 191 Schuster, R. M., 108-9, 111, 115 Smyth, D. R., 189-91 Sclater, J. G., 75,92-3,99, 101, 103, 106, Sokeland, J., 409 114 Somers, M., 266, 379, 391 Scoggins, B. A., 348,354-6,359,372-4, Sonntag, C. F., 250-7, 270 376,401,409 Soper, E. H., 242, 264 Scott, H. H., 141, 154 Sorokin, S., 253, 270 Scrutton, R. A., 75-6,89,94,104,112 Sorokin, S. P., 253, 270 Seal, U. S., 212, 219-20, 361-2, 374, 376 Sousa, A. P. B., 247, 270 Seddon, H. R., 146-8, 153 Southern, D. 1., 35, 4 7 Seligman, M. E., 199, 208 Southern, E. M., 43, 4 7 Selye, H., 150, 153 Speden, I. G., 81, 89 Semenovich, V. N., 73, 94 Speiss, J., 194, 207 Serventy, V., 283, 285 Sperber, 1., 393,410 Setchell, B. P., 241, 269, 325, 411, 416, Sporne, K. R., 109, 115 418-20,422-3,426,430-1,434-6, Sportono, 0. A., 47 439-41,453-7 Spratt, D. M., 142, 149, 153 Shackleford, J. M., 254, 272 van der Sprenkel, H. B., 249, 271 Sharman, G. B., 7, 10, 22-6, 28- 30, 34, Sroges, R. W., 206 -7 36-7,41,45-7, 72, 86, 94, 97, 111, 114, Starrett, D. E., 207 141, 151,198,221-3,228,230,232-3, Staufer, P. H., 82, 94 237-8,240-3,245,269-71,273,276-7, Stecko, G., 293, 304 279-80, 284-5, 337, 339, 342, 344, Steinberger, A., 439, 457 411-12,414,416,422,426,434,451, Steinberger, E., 439, 457 456 Steiner, D. F., 263, 453 Sharman, G. R., 374 Stennius, C., 4 7 Shelton, J. N., 340, 343 Stenzel, P., 27, 48, 100, 115 Shield, J., 342, 344 Stevens, G. R., 80, 88 Shopf, J. M., 103, 114 Stirling, E. C., 241,244, 250, 270,411,457 Shorey, C. D., 238-9, 270 Stirton, R. A., 51, 67, 86,94 Shrivastava, R. K., 244, 251 St. John, V. P., 110, 115 Sige, B., 62, 67, 70, 94 Stodart, E., 4, 139, 179, 184, 191, 277 Sige, M. B., 99, 114 Stonehouse, B., 1, 283 Siiteri, P. K., 352, 376 Storr, G. M., 221, 233, 379-80, 391 Simpson, G. G., 1, 5, 10-12, 20, 26, 51-2, Stuiver, M., 80, 82, 89 62, 67, 69-71, 73, 75, 82, 84, 86, 94, Sullivan, L. P., 396-7,409 120, 138 Summerson, C. H., 82, 90 Simpson, P. A., 402- 3, 410 Sumner, A. T., 40, 46, 48 Sinclair, W. J., 20, 26 Sunderland, S., 250, 258, 270 Singh, G., 434, 454 Sutherland, F. L., 67, 94 Sirett, N., 339-40, 344 Sutterlin, N. S., 451 Skinner, S. L., 402,410 Suzuki, Y., 440,457 Slatyer, R. 0., 223, 233 Sweatman, G. K., 148, 153 Slaughter, B. H., 58, 67, 71, 94, 100, 114, Sweet, G., 245, 270, 411, 444, 457 273, 283, 285 Swierstra, E. E., 434, 457 Slesers, A., 241, 263, 265,453 Swolfs, H. C., 93 Slijper, E. J., 316, 323 Sylvette, H., 364, 367, 373, 376, 398, Smales, L., 142, 145, 147 409-10 Smiley, C. J., 55, 66, 73, 80,94 Symington, J., 252, 270 Smith, A. C., 108, 115 Smith, A. G., 70,75-6,94, 97,112 Szalay, F. S., 61, 67, 73, 94 Smith, C. C., 275, 285 Smith, D. E., 364-6,374,398,409 Tait, E. A., 75, 93 Smith, H. W., 396 Tait, J. F., 212, 220, 361, 376 Smith, J. M. B., 69, 94 Takhtajan, A., 108-9, 115 Smith, M.-J., 339, 344,422,456 Talent, J. A., 75, 95 Smith, M. N., 340, 344 Talwani, M., 73, 93 Smith, R. F. C., 339, 344,444, 456 Tamarin, R. H., 218-19 Author index 469 Tarkowski, A. K., 275, 285 VanDeusen, H. M., 17,20-1, 26, 119, Tate, G. H. H., 14-16, 18-19, 26, 242-3, 134, 138 245,270-1,317,320,323,333,335 Van Steenis, C. G. G. J., 109, 115 Taylor, J. M., 209, 220 Van Valen, L., I, 5, 12, 26, 98, 115 Taylor-Page, F. J., 175, 178 Vanzolini, P. E., 72, 94 Tedford, R. H., 51,60-5,67,69-72,76, Varne, R., 79-80, 90 80-1,83,86-7,94 Varughese, G., 142, 153 Temple-Smith, P., 341, 344, 425, 449 Vaughan, T. A., 274, 276, 286 Teo, E. H., 250, 256, 271 Veevers, J. J., 75, 95 Thaler, L., 113 Veevers, J. V., 113 Thayer, P. A., 113 Verhagen, A.M. W., 412, 453 Thexton, A. J., 287, 294, 298, 303-5 Vigier, B., 453 Thomas, T. B., 257, 271 Vinogradov, V. A., 73, 95 Thompson, E. 0. P., 45, 111 Vinson, G. P., 257, 271, 34 7- 8, 352- 3, Thompson, W. R., 204, 208 355-~374,376,439,457 Thomson,J.A., 40,46, 172,178,238,263 Vogt, M., 349, 376 339,343 Vogt, P. F., 98, 115 Thorburn, G. D., 416,419-20,435-6,456 Vogt, P. R., 99, 115 Thorndike, E. L., 201, 208 Voris, H. C., 246, 250, 271 Tilley, M. W., 199, 208 Voronin, L. G., 202, 208 Tinkle, D. W., 217, 220 Voronin, Y. 1., 71, 88 Tomich, P. Q., 175, 178 de Vree, F., 287, 305 Tomlinson, A. R., 146,147, 152 Tow, A. J., 441, 450 Wade, 0., 251- 2, 271 Towe, A. L., 249, 259 Waite, R., 261 Traub, R., 72, 94 Waites, G. M. H., 413, 418-20,440,456-7 Tribe, D. E., 254, 261 Waldman, T. A., 215, 220 Triffett, M., 141, 149, 154 Walker, D., 118, 138 Trough ton, E. LeG., 15, 21-3, 25-6, 86, Walker, E. P., 155, 168, 274-5, 286 94, 147-8, 154-5, 168,237,243,271 Waller, P. F., 24, 35, 46, 90 Trujillo, T. T., 382, 391 Walton, S. M., 44, 48, 456 Tsang, W. N., 271, 376 Ward, J. W., 249, 271 Wardle, P., 111, 115 Tubash, G. D., 403,410 Waring, H., 193, 208, 238, 253, 266, 271, Tucker, R., 146, 154, 254, 271 365-6, 374, 3 79, 390- 1, 398, 409 Turleau, C., 46 Warner, F. J., 248, 272 Turnbull, W. D., 12, 21, 26, 58, 67 Warren, J. M., 194, 201, 205, 208 Turner, E. L., 249, 271 Watson, C. R. R., 249, 272 Turner, W. W., 200, 205, 207 Watts, P. S., 146-7, 154 Twyner, H. V., 193, 208 Webb, P., 82, 95 Tyndale-Biscoe, C. H. 3, 5, 12, 26, 52, 64, Webbs, S. J., 235,307-8,318,323 68,104,115,147,154,176,189,191,193, Webster, T. P., 35,48 208,238-40,242-6,253,271,274-7, Weijs, W. A., 287, 305 279,281,285,337,339-40,342,344,345, Weimer, J., 204, 206 357,376,379,391,412,449,457 Weir, B. J., 277, 286 Tyson, E., 237, 271,448,457 Weiss, M., 345-6,348-50, 352-7,361, 373,375,377,398-9,401,410 Ulinski, P. S., 249, 271 Wellman, P., 80, 92, 101, 115 Uphoff, D. E., 279, 284 Wenyon, C. M., 141, 154 Utley, J.D., 248 West, H. J., 249, 266 Westphal, V., 362, 377 Wever, R., 390 Vandendschrieck, H. G., 219 Wheeler, R. S., 256, 272 Vanderberg, J. L., 46 White, E. L., 340, 344 Vanderbilt, J. L., 425, 452 White, I. G., 444, 446-8, 455 VanderMeer, J., 403,409 Wiedorn, W. S., 193, 208 Vander Molen, H. J., 440, 453 Wieland, R. G., 350, 377 Vander Voo, R., 99, 113 Wilbur, H. M., 217,220 470 Author index Wilde, W. S., 396-7, 409-10 Woodring, W. P., 73, 95 Wilkens, H., 419, 457 Woollard, P., 149, 154, 212, 220, 370, 377 Williams, D. J., 254, 269 Woolley, P., 149, 154,209-10,212, Williams, E. E., 35, 48 216-17,220,307-8,310,318,323,339, Williams, G., 194-6, 198-9,208 344,349,362,377,422,425,434,444, Williams, G. C., 273-4,277,282,286 449,457 Williams, K., 201, 206- 7 Woolley, P. A., 151 Wilson, E. 0., 56, 68 Wright, R. D., 373, 376, 409 Wilson, G. J., 81, 92, 95 Wroblewska, J., 275, 285 Windle, B. C. A., 253-4, 272 Wtinschmann, A., 204, 208 Winkelman, R. K., 246, 272 Wynn, V., 358, 375 Winter, H., 141, 145, 154 Wintrobe, M. M., 211, 220 Yadav, M., 10, 26, 252-3, 272 Wislocki, G. B., 250, 272 Yalden, D. W., 175, 178 Wodzicki, K. A., 169, 173-4, 178 Young, A. H., 242, 272, 308, 325, 441-4, Wood, A. D., 148 457 Wood, D. H., 149, 154,209-10,212, Young, H. S., 45, 48 215-17,220,362,377 Woodburne, M. 0., 51, 67, 87, 94 Zhegallo, V. 1., 71, 88 Woodburne, R. T., 247,272 Ziegler, A. C., 4, 49, 117, 242- 3, 272 Wood Jones, F., 179, 181, 189-91, Zimmermann, E. A., 249, 272 237-8,240,242-6,252-6,272 Zuckerman, S., 238-42, 245, 261 Subject Index

Acid phosphatase activity in Tasmanian See also , 327- 35 Antechinomys, 4, 19, 137 Acrobates, 4, 137,255 classification, 316-17, 321 pulchellus, 21 lamiger, 15, 29, 319 pygmaeus, 16, 32, 40 , brown, Antechinus stuartii, 15, Adaptive radiations, Australian, 9, 62-3, 39 71-2,86 adrenocortical function, 346-7,349,351, N. American, 58, 60, 98 355, 357, 362-3, 370-1 related to angiosperms, 97 breeding season, male behaviour, 215-17 S. American, 62- 3, 71, 86 synchronous, 209 Adrenocortical functions in marsupials, chromosomes, 29 345-77 corticosteroid levels and mortality, 211-15 role in Trichosurus, 397-401,408 diseases of male, 150, 211 Aegialodon, 56 -7 female mortality pattern, 210 Aepyprymnus rufescens, 17, 30, 34,444 immunosuppression, 214-15 Africa, dispersal route from, 70, 75-8, life-history significance, 217- 18 103-4 male post-mating mortality, 139, 149-51, separation from Antarctica, 75-8, 101 209-20,357,372-3 from S. America, 74- 5 population regulation, 218 Agulhas Plateau, 75 reproduction, 209- 10, 217, 3 08, 310- 13, Akadon azurae, 45 318,422,444 Alaska, 72- 3, I 05 - 6 Antechinusspecies, 19,316-17,333 Aldosterone secretion, 366 - 7, 3 72, 400- 1, apicalis, see 406-7 bel/is, 15, 209, 318 Alice Springs, 189-90, 221 - 2 bilarni, 15, 20, 209, 318 Alphodon, 60, 62-3, 70, 78 evolution, 126 American marsupials, 3, 9, 12-13 flavipes, 15, 29, 321 fossil, 3, 49,69-70 penis, 308, 318 sperm head, 241 post-mating mortality, 209 superfamilies, 30 reproduction, 276,412 See also Central, North and South America godmani, 15,318 Anaemia, 142-4, 150, 211 life-history and ageing, 209-10 Andes, 19, 78 macdonnellensis, 15, 20, 318, 320-1 Angiosperms, primitive, 55 - 7 male mortality pattern, 139, 209-10 biogeography, 97, 107- 11 mayeri, 125 radiation of related to, 97 melanurus, see mouse, black- Antarctandes, 78 tailed Antarctic Peninsula, 78, 81, 108 minimus, 15, 209, 318 Antarctic route to Australia from Africa, 70, monoestrous, 209-10, 217 75-8, 103-4 naso, see Marsupial mouse, long-nosed from S. America, 49, 64, 69-70, penis appendage, 320 78-85,99-103 rosamondae, 15, 318 to New Zealand, 82 stuartii, see Antechinus, brown Antarctica, archipelagic character, 80, 103, swainsoni, see Marsupial mouse 111 wilhelmina, see Marsupial mouse, lesser climatic history, 80- 2 Antilles, 107 invertebrate fauna, 81 Araucarian pines, Antarctic, 64 plate tectonics, 101, 103, 106 Argentina, 62- 3 separation of continents from, 70, 75- 80, Argyrolagids, 62 101-3 Argyrolagus, 86 temperate flora, 64, 81-2, 100 Armadillo, nine-banded Dasypus novem• Anteaters, marsupial and eutherian, 57 cinctus, 327 471 472 Subject index

Arthrocnemum halocnemoides, 381 chromosomes, 32, 40 Asia, fusion ofland blocks forming, 97 discrimination learning tests, 194-5 dispersal route, 61, 70, 82, 98 male reproduction, 413,434 marsupial dispersal route, 61, 65,70-1, classification, 16, 20, 179 82, 104, 106, 110 desert, Perameles eremiana, 16, 189 subduction of Kula plate under, 105 DNA value, 42 Assam, 108 giant Peroryctes broadbenti, 123, 127- 8 Atlantic Ocean dispersal routes, 69, 73, 75 home ranges, 186-7 origin, 55 life-history study, 139 Australia, collision zone N.W. of, 104, 107, long-fanged, Echymipera clara, 16, 123, 109 127-8 Eocene echinoids, 7 8 - 9 long-nosed, Perameles nasuta, 16 faunal affinities with S. America, 85 adrenocortical function, 346, 350-1, geographic history, 119 - 21 356 marsupials, 3-4, 9, 27,64-5 alimentary system, 255 accessory glands, 441, 445-6 breeding and behaviour studies, 1 79 - 88 adaptive radiations, 9, 62-3, 71-2, 86 forest-adapted, 121 adrenocortical function, 349-50 reproductive system, male, 241,416, chromosomes, 30, 42 422,426-31,436-7,439-40,444, dasyurid, 316 - 17 447 dispersal routes, 61, 69-70, 75-85, mouse, Microperoryctes murina, 16, 123, 100-4, 110 127-8 efficiency, 4, 78 New Guinea, 20, 126-8 evolution in isolation, 27, 52, 70, 86, Papuan, Peroryctes papuensis, 16, 123, 345 127-8 forest-adapted, 121, 132, 138 pig-footed, ecaudatus, 16, 20, fossil, 4-5,49, 51-3, 65, 86, 128 137 record, 71-2, 86, 100, 122 placental implantation, 277, 279 low temperature survival, 84-5 rabbit-eared, see Bilby migration to future New Guinea, 121 Raffray's Peroryctes raffrayanus, 16, origin, 64- 5, 69 -70, 104 123,127-8 shared with New Guinea, 117, 122-3 rufescent, see Bandicoot, spiny-haired superfamilies, 30 short-nosed,lsoodon macrourus, 16, 123, testosterone production, 439-40 126, 128 northward movement, 61, 64-5, 78- 80, breeding and behaviour, 179-88, 276 107, 110, 120 male reproduction, 431, 444, 44 7 nothofagus, 109 solitary nature, 181, 188 pre-drift, 76, 78 spiny,Echymiperakalubu, 16,123,127-8 route to, Antarctic, see Antarctic route sex chromosome mosaicism, 45 Asian, 61,65, 70-1,104,110 spiny-haired,Echymipera rufescens, 16, separation from Antarctica, 78-9, 100 123,127-8,188-9 Australia-New Guinea land-mass see North striped, Peroryctes longicauda, 16, 123, Australian land-mass 127-8 Aye-aye Daubentonia madagascariensis, 131 Banding techniques, 40- 2 Belize, 74 Bennettitales, insect-pollinated, 56 Beringia, 61,72-3, 106 Bald Island, W. Australia, 379 Bernier Island, W. Australia, 189 Bandicoot anatomy, 242, 244 Bettongia, 444 barred, Perameles bougainville, 16, 189 gaimardi, 17 P. gunnii, 16, 179- 82, 186- 8, 444 Iesueur, 17, 238,412 breeding and behaviour, 179-91 penicillata, 17, 276, 280- 1 brindled, Isoodon macrourus, see tropica, 17 Bandicoot, short-nosed Bilby Macrotislagotis or rabbit-eared brown, Isoodon obesulus, 16 bandicoot, 12, 16, 20 acid phosphatase activity, 328 breeding and behaviour, 189-90 breeding and behaviour studies, 179- 82, chromosomes, 37,43 186-7 penis, 309 Subject index 473

Biogeography, historical, and plate tectonics, evolutionary role, 28, 34-9, 42 69-97 function, 39-40 influence on marsupial evolution, 52 mosaicism for, 43-5 Birds, trans-ocean dispersal, 84 origin, 27- 38 Borhyaena, 86 role of new techniques, 40 Borhyaenoidea, S. American, 3, 64, 86 sex, 31,34,37,38,40,44-5 Burramyidae Family, 11-12, 16, 20, 31, size, 40 128 supernumerary, 36,45 Burramys parvus, 16, 21, 40, 85 Circum-Antarctica current, 79 aoacina nematodes, 142 Caenolestes caniventer, 15, 19 Coatirnundi learning ability, 195 convelatus, 15, 19, 29 Coccidiosis, 141-2, 149 fuliginosus, 15, 19, 29 Colombia, 74 obscurus, 15, 19, 29, 32, 444 Condylarths, S. American, 62, 84 tatei, 15, 19 Continental movements, Atlantic area, 55, Caenolestidae Family, 11, 15, 19 73-5 See also Shrew- away from Antarctica, 75- 80 Caenolestoidea Superfamily, 11,29-33,38 Pacific area, 72-3, 106 Caenolestoids, 2, 3, 10, 12, 64 tectonic activity concomitant to, 52, California, 176 106 Caloprymnus campestris, 17, 21 plates and biogeography, 60 Caluromys, 3, 13, 15, 36, 241 Cordillera, emergence of American, 74, 107 derbianus, 15, 28 Corticosteroid binding system, 361- 3, 372 lanatus, 15, 28 biosynthesis, 352-4 philander, 15, 28, 241 blood levels, 354- 60 Caluromysiops irrupta, 15 and male Antechinus mortality, 150, Campbell Plateau-New Zealand plates, 79, 209-20,357,372-3 106 following adrenalectomy, 364-6, Canada, 58,63,176 399-400 Cape Horn-Antarctic bridge, 106 metabolism and excretion, 361 Cape Partland, Tasmania, 164 Costa Rica, 63 Caribbean, plate tectonic history, 73-4 Lance fauna, 59 Cat, 200-1, 302 Cruciferae, Antarctic, 81 Celebes, 4, 78, 131- 2, 169 Cuscus, black-spotted, Phalanger atrimacu• Central America, island bridge, 74, 106-7 latus, 16, 123, 129, 132 marsupials, 3, 49 common, Phalanger orienta/is, 16, 123, fossil, 60 129,131-2 dispersed into, 63 gray,Phalangergymnotis, 16,123,129 uplifting of, 74 silky,Phalanger vestitus, 16, 123, 129, 132 Ceratopsians, 56 spotted, Phalanger maculatus, 16, 123, Cercatetus, 13, 16, 21, 85 128-9 caudatus, see Possum, long-tailed pygmy evolution, 131-2 concinnus, 16 male reproductive system, 309, 444 lepidus, 16 Cycadales, insect-pollinated, 56 nanus, 16 Cytology, new techniques, 40- 3 Chaeropus ecaudatus, 16, 20, 137 Channel Island wallabies, 177 Chile, 106, 109, 111 Dactylonax, 21 China, 61, 108-9 Dactylopsila, 12, 21, 130-1, 133 Chironectes minimus, 3, 14, 28 (Dactylonax) palpator, see Possum, long• Chiroptera, 117, 138 fingered Choleopus hoffmani, 45 (Dactylopsila) megalura, 16, 131 Chromosomes, chiasm(a) frequency, 39 tatei, 16, 132 complement, basic, 30- 2, 34, 36- 8 trivirgata, see Possum, striped fission and fusion, 3 7 Darwin Rise in Pacific, 70 morphology, 30- 8 Dasycercus cristicauda, 15, 316-17 number, 7,27-38 chromosomes, 29 constancy and variation, 27-48 habitat adaptation, 13 7 474 Subject index Dasycercus cristicauda (cont.) classification by, 10 penis, 318, 321 Dental modifications preceding adaptive renal concentrating capacity, 397 radiations, 58 Dasypus novemcinctus, 327 Dibbler Antechinus apica/is, 15, 322 Family, 2, 11-13, 39 penis appendage, 307- 8, 313- 16, 318, adrenocortical structure and function, 320-1 347 Didactyla, 245 alimentary system, 255 Didelphia, 51 chromosomes, 29 Didelphidae Family, 3, 11, 14, 20 classification, 15, 19, 316- 20 reproductive system, female, 239 diseases, 14 9 - 51 male, 241, 309 eyes, 250 teeth, 242 habitat adaptation, 137 Didelphimorphia Suborder, 11 New Guinea species, 122, 124-6 Didelphis, 13-14, 19, 38 penis appendage, 237, 307-8, 313-14, albiventris, aurita, azarae, see Opossum, 316-19 white-eared, D. albiventris phylogenetic tree, hypothetical, 220- 1 cancrivora, 444 reproductive system, male, 240, 307- 23, ecological versatility, 84 425, 434, 444-5 marsupia/is, marsupia/is- virginiania, see teeth, 242 Opossum, Virginia Sub-family, 86, 316, 320-1, virginiana, see Opossum, Virginia 333 , 59 Dasyurinus, 316-17,320,333 DidelphoideaSuperfamily, 11,28-33,38 Dasyuroidea Superfamily, 11, 29- 34, 42 Didelphoids, 2, 3, 10 Da~~yuroides byrnei, see fossil Australian, 64 Suborder, 11 European, 3, 49, 52, 60-1, 66, 78 Dasyurops, 316-17,320,333 N. American, 58-9,61,63, 104 See also Das.yurus. S. American, 62 Das.yurus, 13, 15, 19,316-17 Dingo Canis familiaris dingo, 230 albopunctatus, see New Guinea marsupial Dipetalonema mundayi, 142 cat Diprotodontia Order, 11- 12, 243, 246 chromosomes, 40 Diprotodontidae, 86 geoffroii, 15, 29, 32 Diprotodonts, 12, 20 penis appendage, 307, 309, 318 anatomy, 243-6, 248, 251-5, 382 hallucatus, 15, 29, 318, 321 fasciculus aberrans, 246, 282 insectivore, 57 fossil, 21, 65 maculatus, see Tiger cat Dirofilaria roemeri, 142 penis appendage, 307, 319- 20 Dispersal methods, 'island hopping', 74, 99, placental analogue, 4 111 , see Quoll rafting, 75, 78, 121, 125, 131-2 viverrinus, see Native cat sweepstake, 61, 64- 5 De Geere Route, 69, 73 Dispersal routes, see Marsupial dispersive , 58, 71, 98 history Dendrolagus, 17, 21, 121 Distoechurus pennatus, see Possum, feath.er- Australian, 121, 137 tailed bennettianus, 17, 135, 137 Djadkhta Formation, Mongolia, 58 chromosomes, 33-4 DNA, nuclear, 27, 34, 36, 38,42 deltai, 21 Docodonts, 1 dorianus, see Tree-kangaroo, unicoloured Dog Canis familiaris, 351, 396-7, 401,403 evolution, 136-7 Dorcopsis, 17, 21, 134-6 goodfellowi, see Tree-kangaroo, ornate muelleri, 21 inustus, see Tree-kangaroo, grizzled other species, see under Wallaby lumholtzi, 17, 29, 137 Dorcopsoides, 136 matschiei, see Tree-kangaroo, Matschie's Dorcopsulus, 17, 21 New Guinea, 121, 135-7 species, see under Wallaby spadix, 21-2 Dorre Islands, W. Australia, 189 ursinus, 17, 29, 123, 137 Drake Passage, 78 Dental characteristics, 59, 70- 1, 242- 3 Drimys, 109 Subject index 475

Dromiciops australis, 15, 19, 28. 255 Filarioid infestations, 142 Duplicicommissurala, 246 Fly River Platform, New Guinea, 110 Flying phalangers, 4 Echidna, 57 See also Gliding phalangers Ectopodon, 65 Forest-adapted marsupials, Australian, 121 Echymipera, 16, 43, 123 New Guinea, 117- 38 NewGuinea, 127-8 Fossileutherians, 58-61,78-9 See also Bandicoots, long-fanged, spiny marsupials, 1 - 3 and spiny-haired Australian, 4-5,49,51-3,64-5,71-2, Ecuador, 19 86, 100, 128 Edentates, S. American eutherian, 62 European, 3, 49, 52-3, 60- 1, 65, 73 Eimeria infections, 149 N. American, 3, 49, 53,58-63, 65,69-72, Elephant Loxodonta africana, 197, 230 100 Embryonic diapause, Macropodid, 281, 339 S. American, 3, 49, 51-3, 60- 2, England, tribosphenic from, 57 69 -73, 75, 86, 104 wallabies introduced into, 139, 169, 175, type specimen of Bu"amys, 21 177 multituberculates, 56, 58-60 Epicontinental seas, 55, 59, 64, 69, 76, 83, therians, 55 - 60 98 Eudromicia, 13 Gahnia triFula, 380- 1 Eupantotheria, 55 Gambierina, Antarctic, 81 Eurasian marsupials, 60- 1 Germany, wallabies in, 139, 169, 177 Euro Macropus robustus, 17, 22, 43, 230 Glasbius, 59 chromosomes, 30, 39 Gliding phalangers, 4, 16, 21 diseases, 142-3, 145 Australian, 86, 137-8 male reproduction, 413-14,416,436, evolution of gliding membrane, 137-8 440 New Guinea, 130, 13 7 European dispersal route, 69, 73,98-9 posterior paralysis, 146 European fossils, didelphoid, 3, 49, 52, See also Sugar glider 60-1,66,73 Glironia criniger, 15 eutherian, 60 Venusta, 15 therian, 55 Globocephaloides infestation, 142- 5 Eutherian(s), 1-2, 7, 12 Gondwanaland, Malaysia and, 82 adrenocortical secretions, 350-1, 397- 8, marsupial origin in, 69 400-1 separation of East, 75, 103 chromosomes, 37,45 West, 75 dentition, 243 Goodenough Island, New Guinea, 134-6 fossils, 58-61,78-9 Granville Harbour, Tasmania, 165-6 'Pangaean', 104 Greenland, 9 8 - 9 pituitary role and function, 340- 1 Groeberiids, 62 regression of reproductive system, 341 Ground squirrel, thirteen-lined, Citellus renin-angiotensin system, 401-4 tridecemlineatus, 341 See also under Marsupial-eutherian; Guinea-pig adrenals, 349, 353-4, 362 Placental(s) Gymnobelideus leadbeateri, 16, 21, 133, Evolutionary role of chromosome number, 137 28,34-9,42 Gymnosperms, Antarctic, 81 environment, 282 isolation or associated fauna, 86 Hadrosaurid (duck-billed dinosaur), 56 multiple sex chromosomes, 37 Habitat adaptation, 13 7- 8 Hauraki Gulf islands, New Zealand, 173-4, Fagoideae, 109 177 Fagus, 109 Hawaiian marsupials, 139, 169, 175-6 Falkland Plateau, 77 Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus, 341 Farallan plate, 104 -7 Hemibelideus, see Pseudocheirus (Hemibe· Faroe Islands, 98-9 lideus) Fasciola hepatica, 149 Herbivore evolution, 56 - 7 Ferret Putorius putorius, 341 See also Marsupial herbivores Filarinema infestations, 144 Holarctic marsupials, 59-61 476 Subject index Holoclemensia, 58, 100 male reproduction, 412,422,442-3, Honduras, 74 447 Honey possum, see Possum, honey oestrous and ovulation during lactation, Hookworm infestation, 144 342 Hunter Hills, New Zealand, 173-4 evolutionary radiations, 65 Huon Peninsula, New Guinea, 119, 127, growth and generation rate variability, 281 129, 131, 135 hill, see Euro Hyoid musculature and jaw activity of Island, S. Australia, 14 2 Virginia opossum, 287- 305 ratBettongiapenicillata, 17,276,280-1, Hypophysectomy technique, 340- 1 302 Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, 16, 21, 138 red Macropus rufus, 1, 17, 22 adrenocortical function, 346, 350- 1, 354-6,365-8,371 Iceland, 98 age estimation, 222-3, 225, 228 India, 108 structure imbalance, 221, 224-6 northward movement, 75, 83, 97, 101 alimentary system, 254 Indian Ocean, 101, 103 chromosomes, 30, 39-43 Indonesia, Australia's collision zone with, discrimination learning tests, 197-9 104, 107, 109 diseases, 141-2,144-5,147 Insectivorous mammals, 57 fertility, fecundity and rainfall, 221, Intelligence or instinct, evolutionary choice, 223,226-7,230,281,342 282-3 molar eruption, 222-3, 228 Invertebrate affinities, Australian -S. American, new-born, 277 85 ovulation during lactation, 342 Invertebrate evolution and mammalian pituitary function, 340 origins, 56 - 7 population studies, 139, 221-2, 225, Invertebrate fauna associated with angiosperms, 230-1 97 pouch-young survival, 221, 223, 226-7, south temperate flora, 100 231 Irian Jaya, 119 predators, 228-30 marsupials, 127,129-30,136 reproduction, female, 276, 342 Isoodon, 13,16,20 male, 412-14, 416,422, 436,440, auratus, 16 444,446-8 chromosome mosaicism, 43-4 sex ratio imbalance, 221, 223-5, short-nosed macrourus, see Bandicoot, 228-30 see Bandicoot, brown obesulus, skin peculiarities, 246 lteroparity and semelparity, 217-18 swamp wallaby fostered to, 280 reproduction, male, 241 - 2 Japanese Ridge, 109 sodium deficiency effects, 398, 406 Jerboa marsupials, 4 teeth, 243 tree, see Tree-kangaroo Western grey Macropus fuliginosus, 5, 17, Kangaroos, 4, 7, 10 30,41,43 aldosterone secretion, 401 diseases, 141 - 2 angiotensin, 403 male reproduction, 412,422 cardiovascular system, 252 Kawau Island, New Zealand, 173, 177 classification, 16 - 1 7, 21 - 2 King George Island, S. Shetlands, 81 dating of origin, 100 Knysna region, 75 discriminate learning tests, 197-9, 206 KoalaPhascolarctos cinereus, 4, 10, 12, 17, Eastern grey Macropus giganteus, 13, 17, 22,237 30,43 adrenocortical structure and function, adrenocortical structure and function, 348,350-1,354-6 346, 348, 350-1, 354-6, 359 alimentary system, 252 discrimination learning tests, 198 cardiogastric gland patch, 254 diseases, 141 - 6 cardiovascular system, 252 Subject index 477 Phascolarctos cinereus (cont.) Mclbraith Range, N. Queensland, 189 diet, 14 7 McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, 81 diseases, 14 7 - 8 Macropodidae Family, 11, 86, 138 endocrines, 257 adrenal structure and function, 34 7- 8, fastidious eater, 14 7 371-2 liver, 256 anatomy, 239-40,242,244-5,257 lymphatic system, 252 chromosomes, 39-40 reproductive system, 240, 44 2-4 classification, 16 -17, 21- 2 skeleton, 243 diseases, 141 - 7 Kolyma block, 106 embryonic diapause, 281, 339, 342 Kowari Dasyuroides byrnei, 15, 29, 316-18 habitat adaptation, 138 diseases, 151 introduced into New Zealand, 170, 173-5 habitat adaptation, 13 7 New Guinea, 123, 134- 8 reproductive system, male, 318, 3 21, 422, plasma and phosphatase activity, 327 424-5 reproduction, female, 239, 275, 277, 279 Kubar Range, New Guinea, 110 male, 309,422-5,439,444-5 Kuehneotherium, 55 patterns, 337-9, 342 Kula plate, 104 -7 Macropus, 13, 17, 22 agilis, see Wallaby, agile antilopinus, 17, 22, 30 Labiostrongylus infestations, 142 bernardus, 17, 22 Lagorchestes species, 4, 17, 22, 34, 37 canguru, 328,412 Lagostrophus fasciatus, 4, 17, 21 dorsalis, see Wallaby, black-striped Laguno Umayo, Peru, 62-3 eugenii, see Wallaby, tam mar Lardizabalaceae, 109, 111 fuliginosus, see Kangaroo, Western grey Larson's ridge system, 105-6, 109, 111 giganteus, see Kangaroo, Eastern grey Lasiorhinus barnardi, 23 greyi, see Wallaby, toolache gillespie, 23 irma, 17, 30, 43 kreffti, 17, 23 Megaleia, Wallabia and, 22, 42-3 latifrons, see Wombat, hairy-nosed parma, see Wallaby, parma Learning and problem solving in marsupials, parryi, 17, 30, 43 193-208 renal concentrating capacity, 397 avoidance learning, 203 -4 robustus, see Euro discrimination learning, 193-200 rufogriseus, see Wallaby, Bennett's escape learning, 203 -4 rufus, see Kangaroo, red exploration-habituation, 205- 6 Macrotis, 12, 16, 137 'learning set' experiments, 194, 198 lagotis, see Bilby maze learning, 200 - 1 leucura, 16 operant learning, 201-3 Madagascar, 70, 75, 97, 104, 108 probability learning, 204 Magnoliaceae, 108 Leiopelmid frogs, New Zealand, 82 Malaysia, Gondwanaland and, 82 Lemming, brown Lemmus trimucronatus, Mammals, 'evolutionary grades', 70 218 origins, 55 Leptospirosis, 149 Man, adreno-genital system, 350-1, 358, Lestodelphys halli, 14 362 Leukaemia in , 148 renal clearance, 396 -7 Listeria! infection, 150, 211, 218 renin-angiotensin system, 401 Loranthaceae, Antarctic, 81 spermatogenesis, 434 'Lumpy jaw', 146-7 testosterone production, 440 Lungworm, 149 Manchuria, 71 Lutreolina crassicaudata, 14, 28, 86 Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, 79, 106 Marmosa, 3, 14, 18, 36 (Marmosa) species, 14, 18, 28, 32 Macaca mulatta, 276 (Stegomarmosa) andersoni, 14, 18 MacDonnell Ranges, central Australia, 221 (Thylamys) species, 14, 18, 28 478 Subject index Marsupial(s), accessory glands, 441 - 8 fruit-eaters, 126, 128 adaptive radiations, 9, 58, 60, 62-3 geological history of, 73- 85 anatomy, 2, 235-323 gliders, 4, 16, 21, 130, 138-9 aquatic, 86 growth rate, 280- 1 arboreal, 86, 124, 128, 130, 134-5 herbivores, 86, 128, 134, 139, 243 area of origin, 60, 62- 3 history of early, 70- 2 behaviour studies, 139-233 of study, 51 biogeography, 97- l15 holarctic, 59-60 historical, 69-87 immunology, 279 hypotheses, 103 -ll insectivores, 56-7,86,126,128,130-1, orthodox account, 98- 100 189,209 birth weights, 276 intelligent or instinctive, 282- 3 brain structure, 246-9, 282 introduced abroad, 139, 169-78 cardiovascular system, 251 - 2 learning and problem-solving in, 193-208 carnivores, 86, 139, 243, 333 low-temperature survival, 84- 5 chromosome number, 27-48 lymphatic system, 252- 3 classifications, 1, 308 mole Necrolestes, 86 dasyuroid, 316- 17 Notoryctes typhlops, 1, 4, 15, 20, 86 familial groupings, 12-23 alimentary system, 255 generic and specific groupings, 12 chromosomes, 29 higher category, 10-12 male reproductive system, 240-1,411, single Order, 274 419,444 syndactyly as basis of, 10, 245 skeleton, 244 teeth as basis of, 10, 243-4 vestigial eye, 250 common origins of Australian and monoestrous, 209, 217 S. American, 72, 84 mouse, classification, 15, 19 of eutherians and, 55-7, 71 Antechinus swainsonii, 15, 2ll, 321 comparative studies of placentals and, 59 acid phosphatase activity, 328 See also Marsupial-eutherian comparisons adrenocortical function, 346 corticosteroids, 350-63 penis, 318 dental characteristics, 10, 59, 70-1,242-3 post-mating mortality, 209-10 diseases, 141 - 54 Sminthopsis crassicaudata, 15, 321 dispersive history, critical areas, 72- 3 chromosomes, 29,44 theories, 69 - 85 exploration-habituation tests, 205 distribution, 3, 27 male reproduction, 308, 319, 422, 444 discontinuous, 49 pituitary function, 340 diversity and chromosome number, 39 black-tailed Antechinus melanurus, 15, early, distributive pathways of, 85 122, 125-6, 318 ecological versatility, 78 brown -striped rothschildi, 15, embryo, 275 122,124,126,319 endocrinology, 438-40 Jesser Antechinus wilhelmina, 15, 122, epididymus, 440- 1 125-6,318 evolution centres, 4, 59, 69-71 long-clawed Neophascogale lorentzi, 15, dynamics, 49 122, 124, 319 in forested environment, 117- 38 evolution, 125, 3 21 in isolation, 345 Jong-nosedAntechninus naso, 15, 122, N. American evidence, 59, 62-3, 65, 125-6,318 69-71 narrow-striped Phascolosorex dorsalis, S. American-Australian differences, 86 15,122, 124-5,319 evolutionary relationships, 87 PapuanPlanigale novaeguineae, 15, 122, eyes, 250 125-6 female, during gestation and giving birth, red-bellied Phascolosorex doriae, 15, 275-7 122, 124-5,319 energy allocation in reproduction, 279-82 red-cheeked Sminthopsis virginiae not maternally protective, 283 (ruftgenis), 122, 125-6, 319, 321 retains control of reproductive mechanisms, short-hairedMurexia longicaudata, 15, 279-81, 283 122, 124-6,319 fossil, see Fossil marsupials three-stripedMyoictis melas, 15, 122, Subject index 479 Marsupials (cont.) in renal structure and function, 395-408 124,321 in reproductive patterns and system, penis appendage, 307, 319 female, 238-40,237-86,304-5 white-footed Peromyscusleucopus, 280 male, 241-2, 274, 341-2,425-7, muscular system, 250-1 434, 436,439-40 natural spread, 169 competition, 27 nervous system, 246-50, 273, 282 divergence, 27, 71, 273 new-born, 277,279 dating, 100 New Guinea see New Guinea marsupials Marsupialia, Order, 1, 11 nocturnal, 126, 128, 130-1, 134 phylogeny and zoogeography, 87 no second-class mammal, 104, 139, 206, time of origin, 59 235,237,274-83,345,352 Superorder, 11 origins and evolution, 49, 57-9, 64-5, Marsupicarnivora, Order, 11 273 Mastication studies of Virginia opossum, parasites, 72 287-305 pelvis, 278-9 Megachiroptera, Australasian, 138 penis, 308- 13 Megaleill, Macropus, Wallabill and, 22, 42- 3 phylogeny, 51 -68 Megaleill rufa, see Kangaroo, red (Macropus population, species and behaviour studies, rufUs) 139-233 Melaleuca pubescens, 380- 1 pouch, 245 Melbourne, 142 renal concentrating capacity, 397 Mesocricetus auratus, 276 system, 256 Metachirops species, see Opossum, four-eyed renin-angiotensin system, 402-8 Metachirus nudicaudatus, 13 reproduction, female, 274- 82 , metatherians, 1, 104, 273 male, 411-57 See also under Marsupials pituitary function in, 337-43 Mexico, 63, 74, 176 reproductive system, female, 238-40 Microbiotheriidae Family, 3, 11, 15, 19 male, 240-2 Microperoryctes murina, 16, 123, 127-8 research, 52, 65 Microtus oregoni, 45 scrotum, 411-13 pennsylvanicus, 218, 280 serum enzymes, 327 Milk River Formation, Alberta, 58-9 skeleton, 243-4 Minuania, 18 skin, 245-6 Mongolia, 58-9, 71, 98, 105 skull, 2, 243-4 Monito del monte Dromiciops australis, 15, S. American, see South America 19,28,255 species living, 7, 9 - 25 Monodelphia, 51 spermatogenesis, 422- 37 Monodelphis species, 3, 14, 18, 28 , 1,7,9-10,30,235 Monotreme(s), 7, 70 teeth, 2, 10, 59, 70-1, 242- 3 ant-eating, 86 tribosphenic, evolution, 57-9 biogeography, 110 - 11 temperature, body and testis, 413, 416 brain structure, 2 82 testis, 411-22 fossil ancestry, 55 endocrinology, 438-40 New Guinea, 117 zoogeography, 49 pouched, 245 Marsupial-eutherian analogues, 4, 7, 86, Mosaicism for chromosome number, 43-5 128, 130-1, 134 Motutapu Island, New Zealand, 173, 177 cohabitation, 70 Mount Glorious, Queensland, 210-11 common ancestry, 55- 8, 65, 71, 98 Mouse Mus musculus, 205, 277-9, 34 7 comparisons, in adaptation to environment, Multituberculates, 1, 56, 58, 60, 71 345 Murexia, 15, 125, 316-17, 321 in adrenocortical structure and function, See also Marsupial mouse, brown-striped 345-7, 350-1, 354, 364-6, 371-2, and long-haired 398-401,403 Muridae, forest-dwelling arboreal, 138 inanatomy, 2-3,237-72 Murine opossums, 3 in brain structure, 282- 3 Murray River flood, 141 in learning and problem-solving, 195, Myoktu, 316,317 201,205-6 melas, see Marsupial mouse, three-striped 480 Subject index (cont.) northward drift, 79- 80, 82 wallacei, 320- 1 primitive angiosperms, 109, 111 Myrmecobiidae Family, 11- 12, 15, 20 sale of possum skins, 1 71 Myrmecobiinae Subfamily, 316 separation from Antarctica, 106 Myrmecobius fasciatus, see Numbat Nicaragua, 63, 74 Myrtaceae, Antarctic, 81 , 15, 19, 29, 316-17 ridei, 15, 319 Native cat Dasyurus, 4, 7, 10 timealeyi, 15, 319 acid phosphatase activity, 164 Nocardia and 'lumpy jaw', 146 classification, 15, 19, 333 North America, convergence with S. America, prey killing, 164 73-4,99 See also Marsupial cat dispersal routes, Asian, 60-1, 71, 98, D. vive"inus, 15, 29, 321 104,106 adrenocortical function, 34 7, 350- 2, European, 60-1,69,73,98-9 355. 357 S. American, 73-4, 99, 107-8 penis appendage, 307, 316-18 epicontinental sea dividing, 58, 98, 100 reproduction, female, 276 fossil records, 55-6, 58, 71 male, 412, 444 marsupials, 3, 27, 49, 52, 71-2 Necrolestes, 3, 86 fossil, 3, 53, 58-63, 65, 69 Necrolestidae, 72 originating in, 62-3, 65, 69 Nematode infestations, 142-5, 149 recolonisation, 71, 99, 176 Neophascogale lorentzii, see Marsupial mouse, spread, 176 long-clawed opossum, see Opossum, Virginia Nesbit River, North Queensland, 189 primitive angiosperms, 109 New Caledonia, 109, 111 North Australian land-mass, 119- 22 New Guinea, Central Range, 118-19 marsupials, 126, 128, 131- 2, 136-7 geographic history, 119-21 vegetation, 120-1, 132-4 marsupial(s), 4, 10, 27, 49 zoogeography, 121-2 cat Dasyurus albopunctatus, 15, 122, Northern New Guinea, 119-22 124,126,318 marsupials migrating to, 121, 125 - 6, classification, 13, 20- 1 131-3 dasyurid, 316 - 17 originating in, 122-3, 125-6, endemic, 117,125, 127 132-3,136-7 evolution in forest environment, vegetation, 121 117-38 zoogeography, 121-2 migration to Indonesia, 107, 131-2 Northern Territory, Australia, 189-90 mountain -dwelling, 124 -7, 129, Nothofagus, Antarctic, 64, 83-5, 100, 109 131-2,135-7 distribution, 109 shared with Australia, 117, 122-3 forests devoid of marsupials, 84, 101 species living, 122 - 3 7 fossil record, 109 unknown, 19 unknown in Africa, 85 placental habitat adaptation, 138 Notoryctemorphia Suborder, 11 migrations into, 107 Notoryctes typhlops, see present geography, 11 7 Family, 11, 15, 20 primitive angiosperms, 108-9 Notoryctoidea Superfamily, 11, 29 structure, 110-19 NumbatMyrmecobiusfasciatus, 12, 15, 29, vegetation, 118-19 137 zoogeography, 121-37 insectivore, 57, 86 See also Northern New Guinea reproductive system, female, 239 New Mexico, 176 male, 308,316-17,319,444 New South Wales, bandicoots, 179- 80, skeleton, 243-4 186-8 teeth, 242 kangaroos, 22, 228, 230 New Zealand, climatic history, 80, 82 extermination policy, 171 Oahu Island wallabies, 169, 175-6 fauna, natural, 82, 169 Obik Sea, 53, 61 introduced, 139, 169-75 Onagracae, Antarctic, 81 glaciers, 82 Onychogalea species, 17, 22 Subject index 481 Opossum, classification, 10, 13-14, 18-19 plate techtonics, 49, 83, 97, 103, 104-7, four-eyed black Metachirops mcillhenyi, 111 13-14 Palaeoclimates, 69 brown Philander nudicaudatus, 13- 14, Paluxy Formations, Texas, 71 28 Panama bridge, 4, 71 grey Metachirops opossum, 13- 14, 28, Pangaea, 104 240 Papio cynocephalus, 276 murine, 3 , 58, 100 pelvic girdle, 2 78 Papua New Guinea, 119 Virginia Didelphis rrillrsupialis, 14, 19, 63 marsupials, 20,124-7,130-1,135-6 breeding habits, 176 Parantechinus, 316, 320-1 chromosomes, 28 Parasites of marsupials, 72 learning and problem -solving, 193 -7, Parazoniolaimus nematodes, 142 199-206 Parma wallaby, see Wallaby, Parma low-temperature survival, 83 Patagonian fossils, 51 male reproduction, 308, 436 -7, 440-3 Order, 11 spread, 169, 176 Peak District wallabies, 169, 175 undistractability, 200, 202 Pediomyidae, 62, 70 see also Didelphis virginana Penis of Dasyurid marsupials, 235, 307- 23 Virginia Didelphis virginiana, 1, 3, 14, 19, Peradorcas concinna, 17, 21 63 Peralestes, 60 adrenalectomy effects, 364-5, 398-400 Peramelemorphia Suborder, 11 adrenocortical function, 350-3, 359, Peramelidae Family, 11, 16, 20, 137 361,367 accessory glands, 444 - 5 aldosterone secretion, 401 acid phosphatase activity, 327 anatomy, 238'-9, 241-2,245-57, 282 New Guinea species, 123, 126- 8 chromosomes, 28 reproductive system, female, 239-40 dating of divergence, 100 male, 241, 309 endocrines, 256 skin, 245 enters N. America, 60, 63 syndactyly, 10 jaw muscles, 235, 287-305 teeth, 242 low-temperature survival, 84 Perameloidea Superfamily, 11 - 12 nervous system, 24 7 chromosomes, 31 -4, 42- 3 origins, 63 Peramurid eupantotheres, 56 pituitary function, 340 Peramus, 58 primitive marsupial, 63, 274, 287 , 3, 52, 61- 2, 98 renin-angiotensin system, 406 Peroryctes, 16 reproduction, female, 276 chromosome mosaicism, 43 male, 308,411-12, 422,438-9,444 endemic to New Guinea, 121, 127 447 evolution, 128 sodium deficiency, 398, 406 forest-adapted, 121 spread, 139, 169, 176 species, see under Bandicoot water Chironectes minimus, 3, 14, 28 Peru, 19, 62, 99 white-eared Didelphis albiventris, 14, 19 Perutherium, 62, 84 anatomy, 255-6, 444 Petauridae Family, 11-12, 16, 21, 128n chromosomes, 28 Petaurus, 4, 21 male reproduction, 412-13, 416 australis, 16, 21, 130 woolly, see Caluromys breviceps, see Sugar gliders evolution of gliding membrane, 137-8 Oryctolagus cuniculus, 276, 351 New Guinea, 123, 130, 133 Osphranter, 22 norfolcensis, 16, 137-8 robustus, see Euro nuclear DNA contents, 42 skeleton, 244 Pacific Ocean, contraction of, 72- 3 unnamed species, 123, 130, 133 dispersal routes, 49, 83, 104 Petrogale, 17, 22, 137 distribution of primitive angiosperms, brachyotis, 17, 29 108-9, 111 godmani, 17 land-mass theory, 70 penicillata, see Wallaby, brush-tailed 482 Subject index Petrogale (cont) energy allocation in reproduction, 279- 82 purpureicollis, 17 growth rate, 280- 1 rothschildi, 17 immunology, 279 xanthopus, 17, 29, 237, 244, 252 intelligent or instinctive, 282- 3 Petropseudes, 21, 137 origins of N. American and Asian, 71 Phalanger(s), 10, 16 pelvis, 278-9 chromosomes, 33-4 taxonomy, 1 evolution, 86, 131 - 2 See also Eutherian(s); Marsupial-eutherian flying, 4 analogues gliding, see Gliding phalangers , 15, 316 - 1 7, 3 21 introduced into New Zealand, 85 novaeguineae, see Marsupial mouse, Papuan low-temperature survival, 85 other species, 15, 20, 319 New Guinea, 123, 128-9 Plate tectonics, conception 3, 49, 101 pygmy, 16, 20, 131 dispersal routes and, 49, 70, 80, 106, 111 Phalanger, 16, 20, 422 historical biogeography and, 69- 97, 111 celebensis, 16, 78, 131 See also Pacific Ocean ursinus, 16, 131 Platypus, 341 other species, see under Cuscus Polyprotodontia Order, 11- 12, 243 Phalangeridae Family, 11-12, 16, 20 Polyprotodonts, 246 acid phosphatase activity, 327 anatomy, 243, 245, 248, 252-5, 282 adrenocortical functions, 34 8 Possums, 4, 128 alimentary system, 255 brush-tailed Trichosurus vulpecula, 16, reproductive system, 240 139, 169, 237 Phalangeroidea Superfamily, 11 adrenalectomy effects, 348, 364-6, chromosomes, 29- 34, 42 398-400 Phalangeroids, 2, 12 adrenocortical structure and function, arboreal, 121 346-9,351-72,393,397-401 diprodonty and syndactyly, 10 anatomy, 238,241,243-51,253-7 similarity to caenolesteroids, 64 breeding season, 172 Pharyngostrongylus nematodes, 142 competitors and predators, 176 , 15, 19, 316-17, 321 diet, 171- 2 calura, 15, 318 discrimination learning tests, 169-72, flaviceps, 308 176-7,195-6,198-9,201 sensu strictu, 333 renal physiology, 393-410 tapoatafa, 15, 318 renin-angiotensin system, 393, 402-8 thorbeckiana, 307 reproduction, female, 276, 341 Phascogalinae Subfamily, 239, 316, 320-1, male, 411-13,415-16,422-3, 333 431-6,439-41,444-8 Phascolarctidae Family, 11-12, 17, 22, 86 sodium deficiency, 405 -6 Phascolarctos cinereus, see Koala success in New Zealand, 169-72, 176-7 Phascolomidae Family, 11, 255, 309 feather-tailed Distoechurus pennatus, 12, Phascolomys ursinus, see Wombat, common 16, 20, 131 Vombatus ursinus evolution, 121, 123, 133-4 Philander, 13 forest damage, 171 Mcillhenyi, 13, 14 honey Tarsipes spenserae, 17, 23, 30, 85 nudicaudatus, 28 alimentary system, 255 opossum, see Opossum, four-eyed grey reproductive system, female, 23 8- 9 Phoenix plate, 104-6 male, 241, 309, 444 Pig, spermatogenesis, 431,434 skeleton, 243 Pituitary function in marsupials reproduction, introduced into New Zealand, 169-72 337-43 long-fingered Dactylopsila (Dactylonax) Placental(s), birth weights, 276 palpator, 16, 123, 131, 133 brain structure, 282 long-tailed pygmy Cercatetus caudatus, concept of reproductive value, 274- 5 16, 123, 131, 134 embryo, 275 pygmy, 131, 134 female, costs of reproduction to, 275, 277, ring-tailed Pseudocheirus peregrinus, 16, 280 41,237 during gestation, 27 5 - 7 reproductive system, female, 238- 9 Subject index 483 Possums, ring-tailed (cont.) metabolic study, 3 79 - 91 male, 440, 444- 5, 44 7- 8 nervous system, 24 7, 249 striped Dactylopsila (Dactylopsila} trivirgata, pituitary gland, 239-40 16, 123, 131, 133 renal concentrating capacity, 397 Potamotelses, 58 reproduction, 238, 276, 342 Potoroo Potorus tridactylus, 17, 21, 308 teeth, 243 acid phosphatase activity, 328 Quoll Dasyurus quoll, 160, 164, 333 chromosomes, 34, 37 male reproduction, 426,444 Rabbit, adrenals, 353, 362, 368 Potorous, 17,33-4 renal clearance, 3 96 renin-angiotensin system, apicalis, 21 403 platyops, 17,21 spermatogenesis, 4 31 tridactylus, see Potoroo Radioimmunoassay techniques applied to Powelltown, Victoria, 211 tammar, 340-1 Proteaceae, Antarctic, 81, 85 Rangitoto Island, New Zealand, 173-4, 177 Ratite birds, New Zealand, 82 Proteins, amino acid sequencing, 100 Protemnodon, 13 Rat, adrenals, 349, 351, 362 hydrolytic enzymes in developing, 333 fossil, 22 learning abilities, comparative, 195 197-8 See also Wallaby, swamp; Wallaby, tammar 200-5 ' ' Prototherian, 55, 104, 273 prey ofTasmaniandevil, 155-7,159-60 Prydz Bay, Antarctica, 81 renal clearance, 396 Pseudantechinus, 85,316,320-1 renin-angiotensin system, 401, 403 Pseudocheirus, 16, 21, 39, 85 spermatogenesis, 431 Australian, 133 Rattus norvegicus, 204, 276, 440 (Hemibelideus} lemuroides, 16, 121 rattus, 45 New Guinea, 121, 123, 129-30 Red deer Cervus elaphus, 341 evolution, 132-3 Reproduction patterns, placental and (Pseudocheirus} canescens, see Ring-tail, marsupial, 373-86 lowland Reproductive value, concept, 2 74- 5 caroli, see Ring-tail, Weyland Mount Rhyncholestes raphanurus, 15 forbesi, see Ring-tail, moss-forest Rhynchomeles prattorum, 16 herbertensis, 16 Ring-tail(s) Pseudocheirus, 16, 21 mayeri, see Ring-tail, pygmy Arfak Mountain Pseudocheirus schlegeli, Possum, ring-tailed peregrinus, see 16, 123, 130, 133 schegeli, see Ring-tail, Arfak Mountain coppery cupreus, 16, 30, 123, 129, 133 (Pseudochirops} albertisii, see Ring-tail, lowland P. canescens, 16, 123, 130, 132-3 northern moss-forestP. forbesi, 16, 123, 130, 133 archeri, 16, 133 corinnae, see Ring- tail, silvery northern P. albertisii, 16, 123, 129, 133 pygmy cupreus, see Ring-tail, coppery P. mayeri, 16, 123, 130, 132 dahli, 16, 21 silvery P. corinnae, 16, 123, 129, 133 Pygmy phalangers, 16, 20, 131 Weyland Mountain P. caroli, 16, 123, possums, 131, 134 130, 133 ring-tail, 16, 123, 130, 132 Rodents, New Guinea, 117, 138 See also Mouse; Rat Ross Sea area plant data, 81 Queensland, angiosperms, primitive, 108 Rotorua, New Zealand, 173 -4, 177 macropod diseases, 142, 144-5 Rottnest Island, Western Australia 145 marsupials, antechinus, 211 342-7,379-81 ' ' bandicoots, 179-82,186-7,189 Rugopharynx nematodes, 142 QuokkaSetonix brachyurus, 17,237 adrenalectomy effects, 365, 398-100 , 316,317,321,333-4 adrenocortical structure and function, harrissii, see 347,351,355,358,368 ursinus, see Tasmanian devil chromosomes, 29 Satanellus, 13, 316- 17, 320- 1, 333 diseases, 144 - 5 Scabies, 14 8 - 9 ecological background, 379-81 Schoinobates, 4, 137 endocrines, 256 volans, 16, 35, 37,412,444 484 Subject index

Scotia Arc dispersal route, 78, 99, 106, Sphaerophorus necrophorus, 146 -7 111 Squirrel monkey, 195 Semel parity and iteroparity, 217 - 18 Stirling Ranges, Western Australia, 379 Setonix, 17, 21 Strongyloides infestation, 143, 145 brachyurus, see Quokka Sugar gliders Petaurus breviceps, 16, 21, 130 Seymour Island, 81 alimentary system, 255 Sheep Ovis aries, 276, 351,440 cardiovascular system, 252 mountain 0. canadensis, 0. dalli, 229- 30 evolution, 123, 133 Tasmanian devil and, 139, 163-4 habitat adaptation, 13 7- 8 Shrew- opossums Caenolestidae Sus scrofa, 276 anatomy, 239 Sussex wallabies, 169, 175 chromosomes, 29, 32 Sydney, New South Wales, 148 classification, 15, 19 Symmetrodonts, 55, 58 diprodonty, 10 Syndactyla, 245 reproductive system, female, 239 male, 241 - 2, 444 Shrews Soricidae, 57 Tachyglossus, 245 Siberia, movement towards Alaska, 72- 3, aculeatus, 366 106 Talaut, 169 Silicoflagellates, Antarctic, 81 Tamaulipas, Mexico, 63 Skunk, 195 Tarawera, Lake, New Zealand, 173-4 Simplicicommussurala, 246 Srninthopsis, 15, 19, 42, 316-17 Tarsipedidae Family, 11, 17, 23, 30 butleri, 15 Tarsipedoidea Superfamily, 11, 30 crassicaudata, see Marsupial mouse Tarsipes spencerae, see Possum, Honey granulipes, 15, 319 Tasman Rise, 79 hirtipes, 15, 319 Sea, 80 leucopus, 15, 29, 319, 422 Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii, 4, 39, longicaudata, 15, 319 139, 155-68 rnacroura, 15, 29,319 acid phosphatase activity, 327- 34 rnurina. 15, 319 adaptibility, 167 ooldea, 15, 319 adrenocortical function, 346, 350- 2, psarnrnophila, 29, 319 355,357 virginiae (rufigenis), see Marsupial mouse, agonistic behaviour, 160-3, 166 red-cheeked alimentary system, 255 Solomon Islands, 132, 169 behaviour and ecology, 155-68 South Africa, separates from Antarctica, chromosomes, 29 75-6,101 classification, 15, 19, 333-4 South America, angiosperms, primitive, 108 cloacal dragging, 155, 163, 166 convergence with N. America, 73-4 dominance relationships. 156, 162-3, dispersal route to Australia, see Antarctic 164-6 route feeding behaviour, 139, 159-60, 162, North America, 73-4, 99, 106-7 164-6 West Africa, 74-5 low survival rate of young, 165 faunal affinities with Australia, 85 population structure, 165 -7 marsupials, 3-4,9-10, 13, 27, 49, 51, prey-killing, 15 5 - 9 71-2 reproduction, male, 318,412-13,419, dispersed to N. America, 62- 3 422,444 fossil, 51-3, 60-2, 86, 104 scavenger, 139, 164, 166 originate in, 62- 3, 69 social behaviour and communication, placental competition in evolution, 86 155, 164-7 separation from Africa, 74- 5, 77 vocalisations, 160-1, 167 Antarctica, 78, 101 Tasmanian marsupials, 4, 84 South polar wanderings, 80 acid phosphatase activity, 327-35 South Shetland Islands, 81 bandicoots, 179-80, 187 South temperate flora, Hooker's, 100 carnivorous, 333 Southeast Indian ridge, 101 diseases, 142, 145, 149 Southern Highlands, New Guinea, 110 rat-kangaroo, 21 Subject index 485 Tasmanian Marsupials (cont.) NewGuinea, 121,135-7 tiger, see ornate D. goodfellowi, 17, 21, 29, 123, cat, 327 135, 137 wolf, see Thylacine unicoloredD. dorianus, 17, 30, 123, 135, Tectonic activity and continental movement, 137 52,111 Vogelkop D. ursinus, 136 See also Plate tectonics Tribosphena Order, 58 Teeth, see Dental Tribosphenic molars, evolution, 56-9, 71 Tenrec ecaudatus, 274, 302-3 Trichonematids, 142 Tethys Sea, 53, 73, 109 Trich ostrongy lids, 14 2 - 4 Texas, 58, 71, 100 Trichosurus, 16, 20, 39, 84, 137 , therians, adaptive radiation, 58 arnhemensis, 16 eutherium -metatherian, 98 caninus, 16 marsupial-placental ancestors, 55, 57-8, vulpecula, see Possum, brush-tailed 65,71,98 Triconodonts, 1, 58 teeth, 242 Trinidad, 74 tribosphenic, 56- 8, 71 Trinity Sandstone, Texas, 58, 60 Thylacine Thy/acinus cynocephalus, 4-5, Triorites, Antarctic, 81 155 Tritylodontids, 55 anatomy, 244 Tuatara, 83 classifications, 12, 15, 20, 316-17, 321, Tupaia, 247 333 evolution, 64, 86 Venezuela, 19, 74, 107 male reproductive system, 307,309,319, Victoria, Australia, antechinus mortality, 411,444 149-50 Thylacininide Family, 11-12, 15, 20 tree-kangaroos, 136 Thylacininae Subfamily, 316 Vole, meadow, 'Microtus pennsylvanicus Thy/acinus, 4, 12, 86 218, 280 classification, 20, 316-17, 321, 333 Vombatidae Family, 11, 17, 22- 3 cynocephalus, see Thylacine Vombatoidea Superfamily, 11, 31 Thylacis, 13 Vombatus hirsutus, see Wombat, Eastern Thylacodon, 61 ursinus, see Wombat, Common Thylacoleo, 5 Thylacomyidae Family, 11, 16,20 Waimate, New Zealand, 173- 5, 177 , 86 Wales, fossil mammal, 55 Thylogale, 17, 21, 134, 136 Wallabia, 17,22 thetis, 17, 29 bicolor, see Wallaby, swamp other species, see under Wallaby Megaleia and Macropus, 22, 42- 3 Tierra del Fuego, 84 parma, see Wallaby, parma Tiger cat Dasyurus maculatus, 15, 29, 321 ru[ogrisea, see Wallaby, Bennett's acid phosphatase activity, 327- 8, Wallaby, agile,Macropusagilis, 17,123, 333-4 134, 136 adrenocortical function, 354 chromosomes, 30, 43 classification, 333-4 Bennett'sMacropus ru[ogriseus, 17, 30, penis, 318 43 Timor, 4, 78 adrenocortical function, 354 Torres Strait, geographic history of area, diseases, 141-2, 145 119-2~126, 128,136 endocrines, 256 isolating N. Australian phalangers, 132 introduced , 174-5, 177 Toxoplasmosis, 145, 149 pituitary, 339-40 Trans-Antarctic migration, see Antarctic reproductive system, female, 342 route male, 412-13,416,420, 422, 425, Trans-oceanic dispersal, 84 434,444 Trans-Pacific dispersal route, 83 black forest, Dorcopsis atrata, 17, 123 Tree-kangaroo, grizzled Dendrolagus inustus, 135-6 17, 123, 136-7 black-striped, Macropus dorsalis, 17, 30, Matschie'sD. matschiei, 17, 21, 29,123, 43 135, 137 in New Zealand, 173, 177 486 Subject index Wallaby (cont.) diseases, 142, 145, 14 7 black-tailed, see Wallaby, swamp embryonic diapause, 339-41 brush, see Wallaby, Bennett's New Zealand, 173-4, 177 brush-tailed, Petrogale penicillata, 17, 31, reproduction, female, 3 3 7 - 9, 340 - 2 444 male, 337-8, 341, 412-13,415-22, in New Zealand, 173-4, 177 431-4,436,439-40,444,447 in Oahu Island, 169, 175 no seasonal variation, 339, 341 classification, 19, 22 role of pituitary in, 340 - 1 common forest, Dorcopsis veterum, 17, toolache, Macropus greyi, 17, 22 21, 123, 135-6 white-throated, see Wallaby, parma dusky, Thylogalebrunii, 17, 21, 29,123, Wallace's line, 107-9 134, 136 discontinuities across, 82, 108-9 forest, 21,136-7 Warburton Mission, central Australia, 189 greater forest, Dorcopsis hageni, 17, 123, West Ice Shelf, Antarctica, 81 135-6 Western Australia, 148 hare, 4 marsupials of, 189, 379 lesser forest, Dorcopsulus vanheurni, 17, White muscle disease, 145-6 21, 123, 135-6 Winteraceae, 108 New Zealand, 169, 173 -7 Wombat, 4, 7, 10, 12 control, 174 - 5 acid phosphatase activity, 327 padmelon, Thylogale billardierii, 17, 29, aldosterone secretion, 401 142,145,354 alpine, 349 Papuan forest, Dorcopsulus macleayi, 17, anatomy, 252, 256 27, 29, 123, 135-6 cardiovascular gland-patch, 254 parma, Macropus parma, 17, 22, 30, 43 chromosomes, 31-4, 39,42 in New Zealand, 173, 177 classification, 17, 23 common, Vombatusursinus, 17,148-9 testis, 411 - 12 328 , red-legged, Thylogale stigmatica, 17, 29, 123, 134, 136 reproduction, male, 425, 444 red-necked, see Wallaby, Bennett's diseases, 14 8 - 9 rock,Petrogale, 37, 39, 137 Eastern, Vombatus hirsutus, adrenocortical silver-grey, see Wallaby, tammar structure and function, 346, 348, 350-1, swamp, Wallabia bicolor, 22 354-6,359 chromosomes, 30, 37, 39-40, 43 hairy-nosed, Lasiorhinus latifrons, 17, diseases, 142, 146 -7 23,32,149,434 New Zealand, 173,177 plasma angiotensin, 403 reproduction, female, 276, 280 pouch, 245 male, 425 reproductive system, 240-1 411 tammar, Macropus eugenii, 17, 30, 43, Wynyardia, 65, 72, 86 ' 237,389 Wyulda squamicaudata, 16, 20, 137 adrenocortical structure and function, 347,350-1 brain, 248 Zalambdodont marsupials, 12