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Antemurale, XIX, 1975 INSTITUTUM HISTORICUM POLONICUM ROMA E XIX ANTE·MURALE NON EXSTINGUETUR ROMAE 1975 INSTITUTUM HISTORICU M POLONICUM ROMAE VIA DEGLI SCIPIONI 284 • ROMA ANTEMURALE, I-XIX ROMAE, 1954-1975 ELEMENTA AD FONTIUM EDITIONES Vol. I - Polonica ex Libris Obligationum et Solutionum Camerae Apostolicae. Collegit J. LISOWSKI, pp. XV+292, 704 doc. (A.D. 1373-1565) Ind. nom. propr., 1960. (Arcbivum Secretum Vaticanum). Vol. II - "Liber Disparata Antiqua Continens" Praes. E. WINK.· LER, pp. XVIII+t90, 281 doc. (ante a. 1424) 19 facs. Ind. nom. propr. 1960. (Archivum Capituli Trident.). Vol. III - Repertorium Rerum Polonicarum ex Archivo Orsini in Archivo Capitolino, I pars. Coll. W. WYHOWSKA . DE ANDREIS, XVIII+t62, 1144 doc. (A.D. 1565-1787) 29 tab. lnd. nom. propr., ind. chron. 1961. Vol. IV - Res Polonicae Elisabetha l Angliae Regnante Conscrivtae ex Archivis Publicis Londoniarum. Ed. C. H. TALBOT, pp. XVl+311, 166 doc. (A.D. 1578-1603) 9 tab .. Ind. nom. propr., ind. chron., gLossarium verb, ang .. ant., 1961. Vol. V - Repertorium Rerum Polonicarum ex Archivo Dragonetti de Torres in Civitate Aquilana. Ed. P. COLLURA, pp. XI+86, 483 doc. (A.D. 1568-1682) 4 tab. 1962. Vol. VI - Res Polonicae lacobo l Angliae Regnante Conscriptae ex Archivis Publicis Londoniarum. Ed. C. H. TALBOT, pp. Xl+396, 281 doc. (A.D. 1603-1629) 8 tab. Ind. nom. propr., ind. chron., glossarium verb. ang. ant. 1962. Vol. VII - Repertorium Rerum Polonicarum ex Archivo Orsini in Archivo Capitolino, II pars. Coll. W. WYHOWSKA ·DE ANDREIS, pp. XIV+250, 1205 doc. (A.D. 1641-1676) 11 tab. lnd. nom. propr., ind. chron. 1962. Vol. VIII - Documenta Polonica ex Archivo Generali Hispaniae in Simancas, I pars. Ed. V. MEYSZTOWICZ, pp. X+214, 157 doc. (A.D. 1514-1576, 1720-1791) 7 tab. Ind. nom. propr., ind. chron. 1963. Vol. IX - Res Polonicae ex Archivo Regni Daniae, I pars. Coli. L. KOCZY, pp. XII+184, 98 doc. (A.D. 1526-1572) 8 tab. Ind. nom. propr. 1964. Vol. X - R epertorium Rerum Polonicarum ex Archivo Orsini in Archivo Capitolino, III pars. Coli. W. WYHOWSKA- DE ANDREIS, pp. XVI+ 343, 1399 doc. (A.D. 1568-1676) 12 tab. Ind. nom. propr., ind. chron. 1964. Vol. XI - Documenta Polonica ex Archivo G enerali Hispaniae in Simancas, II pars. Ed. V. MEYSZTOWICZ, pp. VIII+ 287, .214 doc. (A.D. 1567-1578) 7 tab. Ind. nom. propr., ind. chron. 1964). Vol. XII - Documenta Polonica ex Archivo Generali Hispaniae in Si· mancas, III pars. Ed. V. MEYSZTOWICZ, pp. V+291, 163 doc. (A.D. 1571 -1.576), 5 tab. Ind. nom. propr., ind. chron., 1964. INSTITUTUM HISTORICUM POLONICUM ROMAE XIX ANTEMURALE NON EXSTINGUETUR ROMAE 1975 SUMPTIBUS FUNDATIONIS LANCKOROŃSKI FRIBURGI HELVETIAE EDIDIT: INSTITUTUM HISTORICUM POLONICUM ROMAE VIA DEGLI SCIPIONI, 284 — ROMA CONSILIUM MODERATORUM: VALERIANUS MEYSZTOWICZ, Praeses MARIA DANILEWICZ ZIELIŃSKA CAROLINA LANCKOROŃSKA, HENRICUS PASZKIEWICZ WANDA WYHOWSKA DE ANDREIS INDEX RERUM I. FONTES ADAM ZIELIŃSKI: Repercussions littéraires portugaises des luttes pour l'indépendance de la Pologne au XlX-e siècle Pag. 9 II. STUDIA LEON KOCZY: La révolution copernicaine - - - 71 DAVID WELSH: Adam Naruszewicz: a "committed" poet - „ 85 FRANK MOCHA: Pushkin's "Poltava" as a reaction to the revolutionary politics and history of Mickiewicz's "Konrad Wallenrod" and Ryleev's "Vojnarovskij" - - 91 STANISŁAW BÓBR-TYLINGO: Le problème polonais au debut de la guerre de Crimée, 1853 - - - 149 III. MISCELLANEA MIECZYSŁAW PASZKIEWICZ: Aliens' certificates in the public record office — Polonica (1826-1852) - - - „ 159 FONTES ADAM ZIELIŃSKI (FEIJÓ, PORTUGAL) REPERCUSSIONS LITTERAIRES PORTUGAISES DES LUTTES POUR L'INDEPENDANCE DE LA POLOGNE AU XIXe SIECLE La dernière décennie du XVIIIe siècle fut en Pologne le témoin d'événements tragiques : 2e partage du pays (1793), soulèvement de Kościuszko, qui devait se terminer par un échec (1794), et 3e partage (1795), qui allait rayer la Pologne de la carte de l'Europe pour une période de 120 ans. Toutefois, hors de la Pologne, cette même décennie engendra un mouvement de sympathie pour la Pologne et les Polonais, sympathie qui, nourrie de tentatives renouvelées par ceux-ci de recouvrer leur indépendance, se manifesta presque tout au long du XIXe siècle. A l'origine de ces témoignages: la participation de Tadeusz Kościu- szko à la lutte pour l'indépendance des Etats-Unis, la communauté d'aspirations vers l'indépendance lancées par la Révolution américaine, la grande Révolution française et une Pologne aux prises avec la brutalité de ses voisins. Ces aspirations devaient atteindre une rapide et concrète expression au lendemain du dernier partage, quand tant de soldats polonais crurent devoir rejoindre les armées françaises, celles-là mêmes qui livraient combat à l'Autriche, l'une des trois puissances partageantes. Sur les champs de bataille d'Italie, l'étoile de Napoléon Bonaparte mon- tait qui allait devenir la bonne étoile des Polonais pendant les vingt années à venir. Née en Amérique du Nord, la fraternité d'armes entre tous ceux qui combattaient partout la tyrannie, l'oppression et l'obscurantisme, devait, au cours des prochaines années, mener les Polonais sur les champs de bataille d'Italie et d'Egypte, d'Allemagne et d'Autriche, de Russie et de France. Ce qui y contribua particulièrement, ce fut le fait que, dans le camp ennemi se trouvaient, presque toujours, les trois pays démembreurs de la Pologne. La plupart de ces luttes et des nombreuses tentatives locales directes, entreprises par les Polonais pour se frayer un chemin vers l'indépen- dance, devaient se terminer par des défaites. Les témoignages de com- passion qui, à cette occasion, affluaient du monde civilisé, ne sortaient guère, hélas ! du cadre des discours platoniques et déclamatoires, et se traduisaient tout au plus par des actions purement humanitaires telles que : création de comités d'entraide, collectes au profit d'anciens com- battants émigrés, de victimes de guerre et de leurs familles. 9 Des marques de sympathie et d'intérêt pour les Polonais se sont con- servées parmi les écrits laissés par des émigrés polonais dans des biblio- thèques et archives de divers pays européens. Beaucoup d'entre les oeuvres littéraires et plastiques de cette époque restent universellement connues et constituent un précieux gage d'amitié entre ces pays et la Pologne. Malheureusement, une bonne partie de ces créations se trouve dispersée à travers le monde et risque de tomber dans un oubli total. Conserver ces précieux témoignages d'amitié et de sympathie pour la Pologne dont le Portugal a été le théâtre, tel est le propos des lignes qui vont suivre. Pour mieux comprendre le climat et les conditions dans lesquelles apparurent les écrits polono-portugais, il nous faut d'abord décrire à grands traits comment les choses s'étaient déroulées dans d'autres pays. Les idéaux communs de progrès et de révolution; le rôle actif de milliers de Polonais dans les armées républicaines et, plus tard, napoléoniennes, couronné par la mort héroïque et romantique du prince Joseph Poniatowski, chef du corps d'armée polonais et maréchal de France; les liens affectifs entre carbonari et francs-maçons des deux nations; le "grande émigration" qui, au terme de "l'insurrection de novembre" 1831-32, déferla sur la France en une nouvelle vague de l'élite intellectuelle, politique et militaire d'une Pologne défaite — tout cela fit que, entre les dernières années du XVIIIe et les années 70 du XIXe siècles, le nom de la Pologne se manifestait sans cesse dans les lettres françaises. La période insurrectionnelle correspond à une intensi- fication maximale de ces sentiments où, pour défendre la Pologne et son honneur, une pléiade d'hommes de lettres crurent bon de se saisir de leur plume, et notamment: Charles de Montalembert, Victor Hugo, Pierre Béranger, Auguste Barthélemy, Auguste Barbier et maints autres. Une place de choix revient à cet égard à Casimir Delavigne, auteur d'une série d'oeuvres poétiques sur des sujets polonais et dont "La Varso- vienne" devint — dans une traduction de Karol Sienkiewicz — la "War- szawianka", un chant de combat patriotique que l'on chante encore aujourd'hui. Selon Maria Straszewska,1 le nombre d'ouvrages poétiques français se rattachant à la Pologne, atteint la centaine, sans compter les pièces de théâtre, les écrits en prose et le journalisme politique. Parmi les références anglaises à notre pays, citons la mention bien connue sur la Pologne et sur Kościuszko, dans Pleasures of hope de Thomas Campbell : "And Freedom shrieked when Kościuszko fell"; mais, étant donné le rôle joué par les Polonais dans le camp opposé à l'Angleterre, les mouvements de sympathie pour la Pologne et sa cause ne devaient se renouveler que bien plus tard, à savoir après le soulève- ment de novembre. Le même Campbell fut le premier président de la "Literary Association of the Friends of Poland", fondée en 1832 et qui, 1 Straszewska Maria: Życie literackie Wielkiej Emigracji we Francji 1831-184-0. Warszawa, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1970, p. 61. 10 malgré sa dénomination, ne se limitait point à des manifestations lit- téraires ; elle inaugura et poursuivit pendant de longues années une action de secours matériel efficace aux victimes du soulèvement et, plus particulièrement aux anciens insurgés ayant trouvé asile en Angleterre. Leur nombre était évalué, en 1834, à quatre cents.2 Ce fut en Allemagne que l'intérêt porté à la Pologne fut le plus vif encore que peu durable, puisqu'il se limita pratiquement à la seule période insurrectionnelle. La proximité du théâtre des opérations, ensuite le passage de la frontière par des dizaines de milliers de militaires polonais fuyant les camps de prisonniers russes, et enfin, l'interminable défilé de ces troupes en marche vers la France, cette France toujours considérée, à la lumière des traditions napoléoniennes, comme le porte- parole et amie des Polonais — suscitèrent en Allemagne un élan poétique sans précédent.
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