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COMPOSITOR Genio Azerbaiyanos Destacados ANAR Escritor popular COMPOSITOR Genio EL MUNDO DE UZEIR...Y SEGURAMENTE ESTE MUNDO FUE CREADO POR UZEIR HAJIBEYOV MISMO. SU AUTOBIOGRAFÍA ATRAVIESA DISTINTOS Y COMPLICADOS PERÍODOS DE VIDA, UNA PERSONALIDAD NOTABLE, MULTIFACÉTICA, TRABAJO CREATIVO Y SIN LUGAR A DUDAS EL PRIMERO DE TODAS SUS PIEZAS INMORTALES DE SU OBRA MAESTRA. ESTOS SON EVENTOS, HISTORIAS, HECHOS. ES UN MUNDO BELLO Y DIFERENTE. a historia de nuestra música Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli, Husein Hagigat Rezaeva, Mustafa Marda- L y teatro en el siglo XX, un Javid y Ahmad Javad, M.S. Orduba- nov, Ismail Osmanli, Ismail Afan- complejo y contradictorio di y Azim Azimzade, H. Arablinski y diev, Lutfali Abduláev, Minav- desarrollo de la vida política y Jafar Jabbarli, Samad Vurgun y var Kalantarli, Firangiz Ahmadova, pública en la primera mitad del Ismail Hidayatzade (intelectuales Lutfiar Imanov, Juraman Gasimova siglo, también está asociada al Azerbaiyános de aquel tiempo) . y muchos otros actores, cantantes, nombre de Uzeir Hajibeyov. Al Las obras de teatro de Uzeir directores, productores – estrellas hablar de Uzeir bey recordamos Hajibeyov representan una verda- de nuestro arte – que brillan en las personalidades ancianas de su dera escuela que ha formado obras maestras de Uzeir bey... tiempo – Jurshid Banu Natavan, Mir decenas de maestros de arte Muslim Magomaev, un amigo Mohsun Navvab, Jabbar Gariagdi- dramático en Azerbaiyán. Majnun de Uzeir y una personalidad de oglu, Hasan bey Zardabi. de Huseingulu Sarabski y Koroglu aquel tiempo...Gara Garáev y Fikrat Al hablar de la actividad pública de Bulbul, Asgar de Rashid Behbu- Amirov, Niyazi y Asaf Zeinalli, y política de Uzeir bey, no podemos dov y Mashadi Ibad de Mirzaga Afrasiab Badalbeyli y Said Rusta- olvidarnos de destacadas figuras, Aliev, Leili de Rubaba Muradova y mov, Sultan Hajibeyov y Jahangir que vivían y creaban junto a él en Gulchohra de Fidan Gasimova, Asli Jahangirov, Jovdat Hajiev y Tofig distintos períodos: Jalil Mammad- de Zeynab Janlarova, Hasan jan de Guliev eran seguidores valiosos de guluzade y Sabir, Ali bey Huseinza- Agababa Buniatzade, Gochu Asgar las tradiciones de los compositores. de y Ahmad bey Agaoglu, Nariman de Mohsun Sanani, Rustam bey de Zulfugar Hajibeyov era el amigo Narimanov y Mammad Amin Rasul- Agasadik Garaibeyli... Ahmad Agda- más cercano de Uzeir bey al zade, Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiev y mski, Huseinaga Hajibababeyov, comienzo de su camino creativo. 42 www.irs-az.com Uzeir Hajibeyov Azerbaiyanos Destacados todo aquello que hizo famosa a Shushá, nuestra bella Shushá, herida Shushá. Shushá siempre preservó su alto valor moral, una ciudad que siem- pre se mantuvo como refugio de reductos musicales y poéticos a pesar de los problemas históricos que la afectaron. Famosa por sus cantantes, maestros destacados, solían llamar a Shushá: “Conserva- torio del Cáucaso”. El “Conservatorio del Cáucaso” fue la primera escuela musical del pequeño Uzeir. La naturaleza había dotado a Uzeir bey con todo – un talento Uzeir Hajibeyov increíble, habilidades únicas para la música, sentido del ritmo, creativi- Su hermano más joven Jeihún bey dad para un gran número de melo- se mantuvo lejos de su país natal... días y estar en el buen sendero en otro país. Uzeir bey lo extrañó desde temprana edad. Todo esto se hasta el fin de sus días. La fiel lo había dotado Dios junto a un esposa de Uzeir bey – Maleika arduo trabajo diario, buscando la janum... Los investigadores del perfección y amando la vida, y legado de Uzeir Hajibeyov... haciendo trabajos creativos, de Relaciones mutuas, creativas, investigación – todo perfectamen- contactos y vínculos de Uzeir bey te ensamblado en una persona, en con figuras del arte, la ciencia, la Uzeir Hajibeyov y en su mundo El póster de la ópera politología, la música y el dibujo en espiritual personal. “Leili y Majnun” Turquía, Irán, Rusia, Cáucaso, Turkis- A veces uno se pregunta – tán – Rashid Nuri Guntekin y Said ¿Cómo pudo Uzeir Hajibeyov, con el Cáucaso y en el Este, profesores Nafisi, Glazunov y Stalin, Glier y solo 22 años de edad crear seme- de mugames – cantantes, sazan- Shostakovich... Este es el mundo de jante ópera, una ópera mugam des. Cada obra era una lección de Uzeir. Pero continúa sin decir – el como “Leili y Majnun” cuando aún mugames. Uzeir Hajibeyov recibió centro de este mundo, su fundador, no había completado su educación educación en este Conservatorio su luz resplandeciente, luego el sol, musical? de mugames hasta los catorce es el propio Uzeir. Si hablamos de la ópera años. Este no es considerado un Uzeir nació el 18 de septiembre mugam, ¿por qué debemos tiempo breve para un estudiante de 1885 (según calendario soviéti- sorprendernos? Shushá es el dotado y capaz. En 1899 lo admi- co anterior – 5 de septiembre) en Conservatorio de Mugam. Cada tieron en el Seminario de Maestros Agjabadi. Uzeir pasó su infancia en reunión durante la primavera Gori, y no solo trajo canciones la perla de nuestro antiguo Karabaj rodeada de la más hermosa natura- nativas y ritmos, sino que también – Shushá. El origen tanto de sus leza, se convertía en una clase de trajo a Gori un corazón lleno de trabajos creativos, como de su conservatorio. Cada cantante que esperanza. El joven Uzeir vivía un percepción del mundo, comienza tocaba el tar y el kamancha era un gran sueño – el de servir a su desde las alturas, cubierto de nieve profesor del conservatorio o un gente, educarse, hacer algún montañosa, brisas mañaneras, maestro del mismo. Pero también trabajo en pos de su desarrollo primaveras tan dulces como la miel, había profesores famosos en todo cultural, armar diccionarios, tradu- 44 www.irs-az.com cir a su lengua nativa - el Turco - los trabajos literarios. Cuando aún era joven, habien- do tomado conciencia de la impor- tancia de hacer realidad los objeti- vos que tanto había soñado, Uzeir consideró que la vida le había deparado la posibilidad de crear la ópera nacional. Recordó muy bien una pequeña escena musical que había visto en Shushá. Había sido en 1897-1898, cuando tenía solo 13 años. La escena de “Majnun en la tumba de Leili”, subida a escena bajo la iniciativa de la personalidad famosa de Abdurrahim bey, y inter- pretada por el cantante famoso Jabbar Gariagdioglu impresionó tanto al pequeño Uzeir que decidió crear algo similar en la ópera. Monumento en memoria de Uzeir Hajibeyov en Viena, 2006 No es habitual que un sueño infantil, un deseo sentido se “EL CONSERVATORIO DEL CÁUCASO” FUE LA PRIMER musical en Azerbaiyán. Uzeir bey ESCUELA DE MÚSICA DEL PEQUEÑO UZEIR creó “Koroglu” no solo en piano frente a una hoja sin notas musica- les, sino también luego de una convierta en realidad diez años todo Oriente. Este día se convir- larga investigación creativa. Esa fue después. No solo se convirtió en tió en el aniversario de la ópera una respuesta expresada en notas una realidad de Uzeir, sino que se en el antiguo oriente y se grabó musicales, una respuesta a las convirtió en un aspecto significati- en la historia de la ópera de conversaciones nihilistas sin vo en la historia de nuestra cultura. oriente con el nombre honorable principios y a los cuestionamientos El mundo de la música descubrió del compositor de 22 años Uzeir sobre disputas públicas. un nuevo género escénico deno- Hajibeyov. ¿Qué se encontraba en el ojo de minado ópera mugam. Además de Luego de haber recibido su la tormenta alrededor de la ópera crear un género parecido a la ópera educación musical en Petersburgo en la década del veinte? “No tradicional Uzeir bey Hajibeyov y Moscú, y de haberse formado puedes conformarte con los tares, estableció un nuevo género deno- como músico profesional Uzeir los kamanchas y los mugames, minado ópera mugam. Hajibeyov junto con otras persona- nuestra música debe conquistar el El 12 de enero de 1908 en el lidades prominentes de su tiempo arte musical del mundo, poseer un edificio del teatro de Haji trazaron el camino, lo que repre- sistema de notas, crear y desarrollar Zeynalabdin Tagiev, se realizó la senta verdaderamente el camino la ópera y el ballet Europeos, coro, presentación de la primera hacia nuestra música. sinfonía, géneros de cámara y ópera azerbaiyana llamada “Leili No hace falta mencionar la música vocal. y Majnun”. Creada sobre la base genialidad de la obra maestra de Esta era la lisa y llana verdad de un poema del gran poeta aquella época que se convirtió en aceptada por todos. Nadie lo Mahammad Fizuli, la primera la ópera “Koroglu”, la creación que negaba. Pero mientras este camino ópera de Azerbaiyán también se coincide justo con el comienzo del de desarrollo era aprobado por convirtió en la primera ópera de proceso clásico de la formación todos, fue necesario sacrificar nues- www.irs-az.com 45 Azerbaiyanos Destacados tro mugam, dejar de tocar el tar... no se asemeja a ningún otro compositor de una nueva forma ¿es esto lo realmente importante? género, siendo un género original nacional basada en las tradiciones “Suena el tar, suena el tar ¿quién te en sí mismo. musicales que la gente amó a lo olvidará?”, “No suenes el tar, el Si la creación de trabajos destaca- largo de los siglos, y que significó la proletariado no te ama” ¿A quién dos en distintos géneros de arte es aparición de un nuevo género debemos escuchar? heroísmo, entonces la creación de nacional. Ahora no es difícil asombrarse nuevos géneros es un doble heroís- por la ausencia de lógica de aque- mo. En distintos géneros Uzeir Al comienzo del siglo XX Uzeir llos que setenta años atrás discu- Hajibeyov no solo alcanzó alturas bey compuso una comedia musi- cal llamada “Arshin mal alan - ”Ven- LAS ÓPERAS MUGAM EN EL ARTE DE AZERBAIYÁN SON dedor de tela”.
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