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The Combined Chiefs of Staff and the Public Health Building, 1942–1946
The Combined Chiefs of Staff and the Public Health Building, 1942–1946 Christopher Holmes The United States Public Health Service Building, Washington, DC, ca. 1930. rom February 1942 until shortly after the end of World War II, the American Fand British Combined Chiefs of Staff operated from a structure at 1951 Constitution Avenue Northwest in Washington, DC, known as the Public Health Building. Several federal entities became embroiled in this effort to secure a suitable meeting location for the Combined Chiefs, including the Federal Reserve, the War Department, the Executive Office of the President, and the Public Health Service. The Federal Reserve, as an independent yet still federal agency, strove to balance its own requirements with those of the greater war effort. The War Department found priority with the president, who directed his staff to accommodate its needs. Meanwhile, the Public Health Service discovered that a solution to one of its problems ended up creating another in the form of a temporary eviction from its headquarters. Thus, how the Combined Chiefs settled into the Public Health Building is a story of wartime expediency and bureaucratic wrangling. Christopher Holmes is a contract historian with the Joint History and Research Office on the Joint Staff at the Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia. 85 86 | Federal History 2021 Federal Reserve Building In May 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt began preparing the nation for what most considered America’s inevitable involvement in the war being waged across Europe and Asia. That month, Roosevelt established the National Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense, commonly referred to as the Defense Commission. -
New NATO Headquarters
North Atlantic Treaty Organization www.nato.int/factsheets Factsheet February 2018 New NATO Headquarters NATO is moving to a new headquarters - a home for our modern and adaptable Alliance. Designed to resemble interlocking fingers, the new headquarters symbolizes NATO’s unity and cooperation. The new building will accommodate NATO’s changing needs long into the future. NATO has been based in its current facility since 1967. Since then, the number of NATO members has almost doubled – from 15 to 29 – and many partners have opened diplomatic offices at NATO. As a result, almost one-fifth of our office space is now located in temporary structures. With more than 254,000 square meters of space, the new HQ will accommodate: • 1500 personnel from Allied delegations; • 1700 international military and civilian staff; • 800 staff from NATO agencies; • Frequent visitors, which currently number some 500 per day. The state-of-the-art design of the building will also allow for further expansion if needed. A green building The new headquarters has been designed and built with the environment in mind. It will reduce energy use thanks to extensive thermal insulation, solar-glazing protection and advanced lighting systems. The windows covering the building allow it to take maximum advantage of natural light, reducing consumption of electricity. State-of-the-art “cogeneration” units will provide most of the electricity and heating used on site. A geo-thermal heating and cooling system will use the constant temperature beneath the surface of the ground to provide heat during the winter and to cool the building in summer. -
Internship Programme GUIDE for NEWCOMERS
Internship Programme GUIDE FOR NEWCOMERS Internship Programme GUIDE FOR NEWCOMERS 2017 Internship Programme GUIDE FOR NEWCOMERS 4 Internship Programme GUIDE FOR NEWCOMERS TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome Note from the Secretary General ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 1. ABOUT THE INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 A. Background ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 B. General Conditions ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 C. Proceduress ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ -
Request for Information Rfi-Act-Sact-21-56 Amendment 1 (Additions Are in Red)
HQ Supreme Allied Command Transformation RFI-ACT-SACT-21-56 Headquarters Supreme Allied Commander Transformation Norfolk Virginia REQUEST FOR INFORMATION RFI-ACT-SACT-21-56 AMENDMENT 1 (ADDITIONS ARE IN RED) This document contains a Request for Information (RFI) Call for Industry participation in NATO Crisis Management Exercise 2022 (CMX-22). Suppliers wishing to respond to this RFI should read this document carefully and follow the guidance for responding. Page 1 of 8 HQ Supreme Allied Command Transformation RFI-ACT-SACT-21-56 Call for Industry Demonstration during NATO Crisis Management Exercise 2022 (CMX22) HQ Supreme Allied Commander Transformation RFI 21-56 General Information Request For Information No. 21-56 Project Title Request for industry input to NATO Crisis Management Exercise 2022 Due date for submission of requested 2 June 2021 information Contracting Office Address NATO, HQ Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT) Purchasing & Contracting Suite 100 7857 Blandy Rd, Norfolk, VA, 23511- 2490 Contracting Points of Contact 1. Ms Tonya Bonilla e-mail : [email protected] Tel : +1 757 747 3575 2. Ms Catherine Giglio e-mail : [email protected] Tel :+1 757 747 3856 Technical Points of Contact 1. Angel Martin, e-mail : [email protected] Tel : +1 757 747 4322 2. Jan Hodicky, e-mail : [email protected] Tel : +1 757 747 4118 ALL EMAIL CORRESPONDENCE MUST INCLUDE BOTH CONTRACTING AND TECHNICAL POCS LISTED ABOVE INTRODUCTION 1. Summary. HQ Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (HQ SACT) is issuing this Request For Information (RFI) announcement to explore existing technologies, which can be used to assist in political and military strategic decision- making and to determine the level of interest within industry for showcasing technology demonstrations during NATO Crisis Management Exercise 2022 (CMX22) in March 2022. -
Operation ICEBERG: How the Strategic Influenced the Tactics of LTG Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr
Operation ICEBERG: How the Strategic Influenced the Tactics of LTG Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. at Okinawa By Evan John Isaac A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of History Auburn, Alabama December 12, 2015 Approved by Mark Sheftall, Chair, Associate Professor of History David Carter, Associate Professor of History Keith Hebert, Assistant Professor of History Abstract The Okinawan campaign was World War II’s last major offensive operation. Selected as the last position for which to organize the invasion of Japan, the scale and intensity of combat led to critical accounts from journalists accustomed to the war’s smaller amphibious operations in 1943 and 1944. This criticism carried forward to later historical analysis of the operation’s ground commander, Army Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. Labeled as inexperienced and an Army partisan, Buckner was identified as a major contributor to the campaign’s high casualty numbers. This historical analysis has failed to address the impacts of decisions on early war strategy and their impacts to three key strategic factors: a massive shortage of service units, a critical deficit in shipping, and the expansion of strategic bombing in the Pacific. This thesis examines the role that these strategic factors played in influencing the tactical decision making of General Buckner at Okinawa. ii Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………….....……….ii List of Figures…......…………………………………………...…………………….…iv -
Tokyo Bay the AAF in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater
The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II The High Road to Tokyo Bay The AAF in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater Daniel Haulman Air Force Historical Research Agency DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited "'Aý-Iiefor Air Force History 1993 20050429 028 The High Road to Tokyo Bay In early 1942, Japanese military forces dominated a significant portion of the earth's surface, stretching from the Indian Ocean to the Bering Sea and from Manchuria to the Coral Sea. Just three years later, Japan surrendered, having lost most of its vast domain. Coordinated action by Allied air, naval, and ground forces attained the victory. Air power, both land- and carrier-based, played a dominant role. Understanding the Army Air Forces' role in the Asiatic-Pacific theater requires examining the con- text of Allied strategy, American air and naval operations, and ground campaigns. Without the surface conquests by soldiers and sailors, AAF fliers would have lacked bases close enough to enemy targets for effective raids. Yet, without Allied air power, these surface victories would have been impossible. The High Road to Tokyo Bay concentrates on the Army Air Forces' tactical operations in Asia and the Pacific areas during World War II. A subsequent pamphlet will cover the strategic bombardment of Japan. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. -
10, George C. Marshall
'The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government.'" USAFA Harmon Memorial Lecture #10 “George C. Marshall: Global Commander” Forrest C. Pogue, 1968 It is a privilege to be invited to give the tenth lecture in a series which has become widely-known among teachers and students of military history. I am, of course, delighted to talk with you about Gen. George C. Marshall with whose career I have spent most of my waking hours since1956. Douglas Freeman, biographer of two great Americans, liked to say that he had spent twenty years in the company of Gen. Lee. After devoting nearly twelve years to collecting the papers of General Marshall and to interviewing him and more than 300 of his contemporaries, I can fully appreciate his point. In fact, my wife complains that nearly any subject from food to favorite books reminds me of a story about General Marshall. If someone serves seafood, I am likely to recall that General Marshall was allergic to shrimp. When I saw here in the audience Jim Cate, professor at the University of Chicago and one of the authors of the official history of the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, I recalled his fondness for the works of G.A. Henty and at once there came back to me that Marshall once said that his main knowledge of Hannibal came from Henty's The Young Carthaginian. If someone asks about the General and Winston Churchill, I am likely to say, "Did you know that they first met in London in 1919 when Marshall served as Churchill's aide one afternoon when the latter reviewed an American regiment in Hyde Park?" Thus, when I mentioned to a friend that I was coming to the Air Force Academy to speak about Marshall, he asked if there was much to say about the General's connection with the Air Force. -
Forging the Weapon: the Origins of SHAPE
“Forging the weapon” the origins oF shape La genèse du shape An exhibition celebrating Une exposition qui aura lieu à l’occasion the first public disclosure de la première mise en lecture publique of SHAPE historical documents. de documents historiques du SHAPE. Official launch & cocktail reception Ouverture officielle & réception 7 December 2012 at 11.45 7 décembre 2012 à 11h45 NATO HQ Press Hall Hall de presse de l’OTAN 1705-12 NATO Graphics & Printing www.nato.int/archives/SHAPE The short film ALLIANCE FOR PEACE (1953) and rare film footage chronicling the historical events related to the creation of SHAPE Le court-métrage ALLIANCE FOR PEACE (1953) et des séquences rares qui relatent les événements historiques concernant la genèse de SHAPE. Forging the weapon The origins of SHAPE The NATO Archives and the SHAPE Historical Office would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of SHAPE Records and Registry, the NATO AIM Printing and Graphics Design team, the NATO PDD video editors, the Imperial War Museum, and the archives of the National Geographic Society, all of whom contributed invaluable assistance and material for this exhibition. Les Archives de l’OTAN et le Bureau historique du SHAPE tiennent à expriment toute leur reconnaissance aux Archives et au Bureau d’ordre du SHAPE, à l’équipe Impression et travaux graphiques de l’AIM de l’OTAN, aux monteurs vidéo de la PDD de l’OTAN, à l’Imperial War Museum et au service des archives de la National Geographic Society, pour leur précieuse assistance ainsi que pour le matériel mis à disposition aux fins de cette exposition. -
The North Atlantic Assembly 1964-1974
THE NORTH ATLANTIC ASSEMBLY 1964-1974 Introduction by Geoffrey de Freitas Member of Parliament Published in English and French by The British Atlantic Committee 36 Craven Street, London WC2N 5NG THE NORTH ATLANTIC ASSEMBLY 1964-19 74 Introduction by Geoffrey de Freitas Member of Parliament Published in English and French by The British Atlantic Committee 36 Craven Street, London WC2N 5NG THE NORTH ATLANTIC ASSEMBLY 1964-1974 by Fraser CAMERON "The world we, in the West, build may depend less on technical discus• sions than on common dreams". Henry KISSINGER "We must show that the North Atlantic Assembly is not merely a club or a glorified debating society". President Kasim GULEK PREFACE The North Atlantic Assembly - until 1966 known as the NATO Parliamentarians' Conference — celebrates its twentieth anniversary in 1974. The only forum where parliamentarians from both sides of the Atlantic meet regularly to discuss issues of common interest, the North Atlantic Assembly has made considerable progress since its foundation in the mid 1950s. On the initiative of distinguished parliamentarians from both Europe and North America, arrangements were made to hold a conference of members of Parliaments from the fifteen member countries of the Atlantic Alliance. This conference met in Paris, at the Palais de Chaillot, from 18-23 July, 1955. Although an unofficial body with no statutory powers, the Conference served from 1955 onwards as an important platform for discussions between parlia• mentary delegates from all NATO countries. During its first ten years of existence, the Conference held regular annual meetings, established a comprehensive committee system, arranged military tours for delegates and moved its Secretariat from London in order to be close to NATO headquarters in Paris. -
Great Spaces Exist for the Display of Art, Artifacts, Historical
After seven years of provisional stay at the Palais de Chaillot, NATO moved into its first new headquarters at the end of 1959. Located at Porte Dauphine in Paris, le “Palais de l’OTAN” was designed by French architect Jacques Carlu as a marriage between art and architecture. It served as NATO headquarters from 1960 to 1967. “Great spaces exist for the display of art, artifacts, historical documents, murals, models and other visual materials that would illustrate “the freedom, common heritage and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.’ ” DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ / DISCLOSURE PUBLIC - DECLASSIFIED Le Triomphe de la Paix (1963) This monumental tapestry was dedicated to the aftermath of war and to the hope which supports men involved in a fight The construction of the mosaic took place over a span of months in early Somville, Roger for peace. 1960, and the final assembly took place in the corridor outside the office Wall Tapestry of the Secretary General. It was installed on a wall panel located on the 13.30 x 4.70 m DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ / DISCLOSURE PUBLIC - DECLASSIFIED 6th floor courtyard of the Palais de l’OTAN, which was surrounded by the restaurant and the cafeteria. Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu (1911-1975) was a Turkish painter, writer, and poet renowned for his unique blending of modernist Western aesthetics with traditional Anatolian patterns in his works. Throughout his life he produced different types of artwork including gravure, ceramics, sculpture and mosaics. -
Dr. Harold C. Deutsch Lecture
Tuesday, 10 November 2020 with Deutsch’s boss William Donovan, whose 34:04 Volume 34 Number 4 special relationship with Franklin Roosevelt Published by WWII History Round Table proved troublesome for the military. Smith Written by Dr. Connie Harris was suspicious of Donovan’s desire to be in www.mn-ww2roundtable.or charge of all intelligence gathering and was Welcome to the “Dr. Harold C. equally uncomfortable with irregular, Deutsch Lecture” at the November psychological, and unconventional warfare. session of the Dr. Harold C. Deutsch Donovan built a huge OSS civilian World War II History Round Table. intelligence infrastructure that employed Tonight’s speaker is D.K.R Crosswell, author thousands in multiple theaters, clashing with of Beetle: The Life of General Walter Bedell military planners who often frustrated him Smith. He will be speaking on General with their restrictions on OSS operations. Smith’s contributions to the difficult Even so, Smith and Donovan spoke highly of orchestration of Allied forces in achieving the other. victory in Europe. Born on October 5, 1895, in Indiana, Walter For those of you who are unfamiliar with this Bedell Smith or “Beetle,” a nickname derived annual event, we offer a word of explanation. from this middle name, did not rise in the It was Dr. Deutsch’s custom to speak on a military like many of his contemporaries. topic of his choosing at the November Eisenhower, Bradley, and Patton were West meeting. Because of his renowned scholarly Point graduates. Smith began his military reputation and knowledge of World War II, career in 1911 at sixteen as a private in the these were well-attended lectures. -
NATO's Directory of Public Information and Public Affairs Officers
NATO’s Directory of Public Information and Public Affairs Officers Annuaire OTAN des Responsables de l’Information et des Affaires publiques DIVISION DIPLOMATIE PUBLIQUE NATO PUBLIC DIPLOMACY DIVISION DE L’OTAN B-1110 BRUXELLES B-1110 BRUSSELS BELGIQUE BELGIUM Courriel : [email protected] Email: [email protected] SITE WEB : www.otan.nato.int WEBSITE: www.nato.int 0970-12 NATO Graphics & Printing TABLE OF CONTENTS I. NATO HEADQUARTERS BRUSSELS INTERNATIONAL STAFF . I- 1 MILITARY COMMITTEE & INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STAFF . I- 2 II. NATO COMMAND STRUCTURE ALLIED COMMAND OPERATIONS (ACO) SHAPE (Mons/BEL) . II- 3 HQ ALLIED JOINT FORCE COMMAND BRUNSSUM (NLD) . II- 3 HQ ALLIED JOINT FORCE COMMAND NAPLES (ITA) . II- 4 HQ ALLIED LAND COMMAND (Izmir/TUR) . II- 4 HQ ALLIED AIR COMMAND (Ramstein/DEU) . II- 4 HQ ALLIED MARITIME COMMAND (Northwood/GBR) . II- 5 ACO HQ to be deactivated in 2013 . II- 5 HQ ALLIED FORCE COMMAND HEIDELBERG (DEU) . II- 5 HQ ALLIED AIR COMMAND IZMIR (TUR) . II- 6 HQ ALLIED MARITIME COMMAND NAPLES (ITA) . II- 6 ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION (ACT) HQ SACT (Norfolk/USA) . II- 7 JOINT WARFARE CENTRE (Stavanger/NOR) . II- 7 JOINT ANALYSIS LESSONS LEARNED CENTRE (Monsanto/PRT) . see HQ SACT JOINT FORCE TRAINING CENTRE (Bydgoszcz/POL) . II- 7 NATO MARITIME INTERDICTION OPERATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE (Souda Bay/GRC) . see HQ SACT NATO SCHOOL (Oberammergau/DEU) . II- 8 III. NATO & MULTINATIONAL FORCES / ORGANIZATIONS CENTRE FOR MARITIME RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION (La Spezia/ITA) . III- 9 NAEW & CF, E-3A COMPONENT (Geilenkirchen/DEU) . III- 9 NATO COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION AGENCY (Brussels/BEL) . III-10 NATO DEFENSE COLLEGE (Rome/ITA) .