Appendix for Chapter 5, Section 5.3.5: Verbs with Narrow Selectional Constraints

To test our method of resolving Broad RefExs using expectations about selectional constraints (Section 5.3.5), we used the dataset below. It includes 202 verbs and typical fillers of a given case- role. The description of the task given to the undergraduate student who carried it out is as follows:

The goal is to prepare for a system evaluation using a “lightweight” text analysis system, not the full OntoSem.

We hypothesize that we can automatically resolve instances of the referring expressions it/this/that with relatively high confidence if

(a) they fill a case-role that is quite narrowly constrained semantically and (b) the preceding context contains a word that reflects exactly such a meaning.

For example, if you see the sentence “It was flown by a madman.” and if the preceding context contains “plane” or “airplane” or “helicopter”, then that’s probably what ‘it’ refers to. Ontologically speaking, that’s because the THEME of FLY is some sort of AIRCRAFT. However, for this experiment we’re dealing with text strings NOT ontological concepts. In effect, we’re creating a text-string proxy for concept-level constraints by listing the most common strings that could fill the position.

Below are two lists of words. The first contains verbs that can be used in the pattern “It was/got/must be VERBed”: e.g., abandon: plan, idea, scheme says that we find the input “It got abandoned”, and if the preceding context contains plan, idea or scheme, we’re guessing that the given word is the referent for it. (Again, we’re simplifying to words, not full NPs and so on.)

The second list contains verbs that can be used in the pattern “It VERBed”. So babble: baby, brook, stream, river means that if we find “It babbled”, and if the preceding context contains baby, brook, stream or river, then that string is the referent for it.

Your task is to expand the inventory of strings that can fill the case roles. We’re looking for highly predictive, highly common strings – this is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of possibilities. (In some cases I specifically point out places where things need to be added; but add things wherever you see fit.) You can use several methods of finding more strings:

• Use your own introspection. • Use WordNet online to find synonyms and hyponyms of what we have. • Use the BYU corpus online to search for contextual usages of the verbs (sign up for a free account to the right when you get in):

1 http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/ If you use this method, don’t get bogged down in it. Search for strings like “abandoned it” to see what the direct objects of ‘abandon’ can be, then see if they work in our configuration of interest: “It was abandoned”. You will find A LOT of metaphorical usages in the corpus, which is why you should just use this as a quick check method, not quicksand.

Note that we won’t include proper names, though they might be common in some cases: e.g., Jerusalem/Haifa/other cities got bombed.

We also are not trying to be comprehensive – if any kind MAMMAL would be an appropriate filler, you don’t need to list them all. We’re trying to list what we might find in actual corpora. However, there’s no significant extra computational load in listing a lot of reasonable possibilities (e.g., for it barked, any kind of dog will do; so if you find a list of dog breeds that you want to copy it in, that’s fine).

The amount of time to be spent on this task: 10 hours.

LIST 1: It was/got/must be VERBed

• abandon: plan, idea, scheme, mission, baby, car, house, land, farmland, infant, newborn, pet, dog, cat, operation, neighborhood, game plan, area, region, building, job, home, strategy, procedure, assignment, commission, journey, trip, undertaking, quest, project, tactic, vehicle, automobile, auto, truck • abolish: law, bill, agency, department, death penalty, slavery, capital punishment, draft, regulation, statute, act, dictate, bureau, office, federal agency, sector, ministry • abort: computer program, child, mission, landing, fetus, baby, expedition, launch, rescue, mission, deal, pregnancy, operation, trade, trip, excursion, blastoff, procedure • absorb: moisture, water, liquid, sweat, heat, friction, oil, grease, impact, force, tear, steam, smoke, soda, spill, drink, lotion, milk, juice, ginger ale, pop, information, news, shock, idea, hit, punch, energy • address: problem, situation, issue, question, subject, concern, complication, point, matter, topic, address to: envelope, letter, parcel, package, gift • adopt: plan, amendment, proposal, puppy, dog, kitten, cat, baby, animal, strategy, infant, pet, kit, child, motion, policy, custom, lifestyle, tactic, symbol • adorn: wall, body, living room, dining room, library, street, bedroom, house, building, skin, hair, dress, tiara, crown, necklace, building, house, home, ceiling, bathroom, kitchen, table, tapestry • amend: bill, law, constitution, rule, policy, statute, statement, will, testament, measure, act, enactment, decree, edict, ordinance, bylaw, regulation • answer: question, email, phone, call, message, cellphone, inquiry, enquiry, query, telephone, mobile phone, payphone • ask: question, favor, inquiry, enquiry, query

2 • attack: city, ship, building, proposal, plan, base, immune system, squadron, soldier, town, country, battalion, brigade, regiment, unit, squad, company, contingent, cohort, boat, military, capital, battleship, aircraft carrier, fortress, castle, fort, prey, stronghold, garrison, armory, citadel • audit: tax return, program, organization, department, account, division, branch • avoid: risk, consequences, catastrophe, ruin, danger, injury, repercussion, ramification, disaster, calamity, ruination, tragedy, loss, pitfall • bandage: arm, leg, head, eye, foot, hand, finger, wrist, shoulder, torso, abdomen, hip, back, appendage, toe, digit, limb, arm, flipper, fin, nose, face, ear, knee, elbow, thigh, forearm, stomach, injury, fracture, bruise, contusion, burn, dislocation, rupture, sprain, wound, cut, booboo, gash, laceration, scratch, skin, ankle, butt, neck, chin, chest • barbeque: meat, chicken, pig, pork, steak, beef, burger, brisket, poultry, venison, veal, mutton, roast, beefsteak, filet, fillet, rib, sparerib, sausage, ham, turkey, hot dog, shrimp, lobster, vegetable, pepper, onion, corn, pork roast, roast beef, tenderloin, loin, chop, pork chop, side, shank, leg, wing, chicken wing, sirloin, shoulder, T-bone, porterhouse, round, rump steak, rump roast, strip steak, chop steak, flank steak, bottom round, top round, breast, chicken breast, rack of lamb, crown roast, ham hock, chuck, beef tip, fish steak, bacon • bomb: city, town, base, village, site, military base, target, mark, ground zero, country, warzone, • borrow: money, car, loan, cash, mullah, dough, dinero, cheddar, buck, dollar, scratch, bill, bank loan, school loan, personal loan, business loan, car loan, home loan, book, library book, movie, DVD, textbook, lawn mower, power tool, truck, automobile, funds • bruise: leg, thigh, arm, shoulder, cheek, face, flesh, apple, banana, tomato, ego, skin, hand, foot, finger, toe, fruit, cabbage, lettuce, peach, pear, plum, nectarine, apricot, torso, stomach, hip, knee, elbow, wrist, knuckle, grape, peel, epidermis, dermis, derma, strawberry, avocado, papaya • build: building, house, snowman, home, cabin, homestead, cottage, bridge, castle, edifice, apartment building, gazebo, summerhouse, hotel, church, school, hall, library, skyscraper, pyramids, tower, structure, construction, column, pillar, road, street, city, town, foundation, addition, annex, room, erection, partition, floor, level, story, superstructure, frame, fence, deck, porch, cabin • catalyze: process, synthesis, reaction, procedure, action, fusion, chemical reaction, revolution, acylation, catalysis, chelation, chlorination, deamination, corrosion, ionization, hydrogenation, ionation, nitrification, photosynthesis, polymerization, proteolysis, transamination, fermentation • celebrate: victory, promotion, success, win, occasion, anniversary, birthday, Christmas, holiday, Thanksgiving, Valentine’s Day, independence, Easter, Independence Day, triumph, feast day, Rosh Hashanah, Passover, religious holiday, Halloween, Yom Kippur, Hanukkah, Mardi Gras, New Year’s, Memorial Day, President’s Day, Labor Day, Boxing Day, Remembrance Day, Kwanzaa, celebration, commemoration, observance

3 • commit: crime, faux pas, heist, law-breaking, offense, capital offense, statutory offense, felony, cybercrime, forgery, fraud, misdemeanor, violation, infraction, perpetration, war crime, treason, high treason, sin, iniquity, transgression, robbery, criminal offense, abduction, kidnapping, bribery, larceny, theft, shoplifting, caper, heist, hijacking, extortion, blackmail, burglary, perjury, indecent exposure, disorderly conduct, assault, battery, mugging, sexual assault, sexual abuse, sex crime, rape, date rape, molestation, bigamy, vice crime, prostitution • confirm: hypothesis, diagnosis, results, answer, report, theory, suspicion, account, news, possibility, conjecture, model • consider: option, proposal, alternative, choice, possibility, risk, danger, idea, suggestion, offer, proposition • cook: food, meat, meal, dinner, lunch, breakfast, grub, nosh, victuals, comestible, chow, aliment, supper, repast, potluck, groceries, buffet, picnic, banquet, feast, tea, brunch, course, delicacy, mess, dish, serving, puree, meat, fish, pasta, soup, junk food, health food, bread, vegetable, leftovers, seafood, butter, cheese, produce, legume, bean, carrot, salad, soy, pepper, eggplant, mushroom, tomato, potato, broccoli, onion, celery, cabbage, lettuce, apple, rice, pudding, burger, steak, chicken, hot dog, pie, cake, sausage, ham, beef, spinach, pea, peanut, almond, egg, noodle, macaroni, crab, lobster, clams, shrimp, roll, loaf, oatmeal, shallot, pork, turkey, duck, tenderloin, brisket, roast, meatloaf, roast beef, tenderloin, chicken wing, fried chicken, pulled pork, haddock, cod, salmon, smelt, spare rib, rib, bacon, sausage, patty, beef patty, chicken patty, kale, green bean, bell pepper, red pepper, green pepper, jalopeno, leek, chive, sweet potato, yam, turnip, rutabaga, parsnip, stew, bisque, chowder, celery, pear, toast, cupcake, pinto bean, taco, casserole, stuffing, dressing, mashed potatoes, cranberry, bun, cinnamon bun, panini, bagel, donut, gherkin, ciabatta, macaroon, cream cheese, sauce, pizza, pepperoni, crab cake, lobster roll, corn, tuna, chicken salad, pasta salad, penne, rotini, linguine, fettuccine, macaroni salad, macaroni and cheese, lasagna, baked ziti, meatball, spaghetti, angel hair, burrito, enchilada, quesadilla, chip, pretzel, popcorn, calzone, lo mein, rabbit, sweet pea, snow pea, chestnut, water chestnut, scallop, oyster, calamari, paperdelle, thyme, rosemary, sage, basil, oregano, pastry, desert, cookie, chocolate chip cookie, brownie, parfait, apricot, pear, peach, biscuit, treat • cremate: body, corpse, cadaver, stiff, remains, carcass, carrion, skeleton, bones • cure: disease, illness, cancer, unwellness, sickness, malady, infection, ADHD, arthritis, asthma, autism, cold, chlamydia, depression, diabetes, epilepsy, flu, influenza, herpes, giardiasis, gonorrhea, heart disease, hepatitis, AIDS, HPV, kidney disease, meningitis, obesity, parasites, scabies, salmonella, STD, tuberculosis, fever, rabies, sepsis, tetanus, stress, anxiety, pain, headache, stomachache, nausea, heartburn, indigestion, sniffles, insanity o cure (smoke): meat, fish, bacon, pork, ham, leather, suede, tobacco, turkey, goose, beef, deer, mutton, venison, veal, lamb, chicken, anchovies, herring, salmon • deliver: package, letter, pizza, food, parcel, delivery, mail, post, takeout, takeaway, shipment, order, Chinese food, meal, grub, chow, dinner, lunch, gift, present, envelope, card, Christmas card, invitation, flyer

4 • denature: protein, venom, drug, cocaine, coke, codeine, hydrocodone, opiate, oxycodone, opium, opioid, stimulant, methadone, fentanyl, depressant, barbital, hallucinogen, morphine, heroin, nicotine, cannabis, psilocybin, GHB, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ketamine, PCP, salvia, DXM, LSD, acid, mescaline, steroid, polymer, molecule, enzyme, albumin, actin, keratin, collagen, fibronectin, integrin, selectin, hormone, insulin, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, androgen, histone, protamine, rhodopsin, immunoglobulin, dehydrogenase, reductase, oxidase, alcohol, ethanol, poison, toxin • deposit: money, funds, sand, silt, calcium, sediment, check, paycheck, cash, garbage, trash, recycling, recyclables, payment, mullah, dinero, bill, scratch, dough • discover: evidence, species, continent, discovery, secret, remains, body, corpse, surprise, fact, truth, fingerprint, footprint • discuss: plan, idea, arrangement, proposal, issue, decision, scheme, design, proposition, preparations, agreement, deal, settlement, subject, topic, question • download: file, program, application, music, song, video, movie, picture, app, mp3, software, document, attachment, update, virus, book, webpage • drive: car, truck, motorcycle, van, pickup, pickup truck, scooter, vehicle, motor vehicle, tractor, automobile, sedan, hatchback, boat, speedboat, cruiser, liner, cargo truck, bus, cab, hack ,taxi, hog, limo, limousine, plough, snowplow, hearse, bike, bicycle, auto, motorcar, sled, sleigh, train, coupe, convertible, carriage, buggy, minicab, ambulance, police car, landrover, rental car, electric car, hybrid, roadster, racer, SUV, compact car, wagon, Harley, Toyota, Ford, Honda, Kia, BMW, Volkswagen, Hyundai, Lexus, Audi, Acura, Buick, Cadillac, GMC, Subaru, Mazda, Lincoln, Saturn, Mitsubishi, Volvo, Land Rover, Oldsmobile, Chevrolet, Chevy, Hummer, Jeep, Mercedes Benz • earn: money, respect, cash, boodle, bread, cabbage, clams, dinero, dough, gelt, kale, lettuce, lolly, lucre, loot, moolah, pelf, scratch, shekels, simoleons, sugar, wampum, reputation, esteem, regard, reward, award, credit, prestige, honor, repute, victory, prize, trophy, medal • eat: meal, snack, lunch, dinner, breakfast, food, grub, nosh, victuals, comestible, chow, aliment, supper, repast, potluck, groceries, buffet, picnic, banquet, feast, tea, brunch, course, delicacy, mess, vitamin, dish, serving, puree, meat, fish, pasta, chocolate, candy, soup, junk food, health food, bread, vegetable, fruit, leftovers, seafood, butter, yogurt, cheese, produce, legume, bean, carrot, salad, soy, pepper, eggplant, mushroom, tomato, potato, broccoli, onion, celery, cabbage, lettuce, apple, banana, rice, pudding, orange, grapes, berry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, burger, steak, chicken, hot dog, cereal, pie, cake, ice cream, sausage, ham, beef, pickle, cucumber, spinach, nut, pea, peanut, almond, egg, noodle, macaroni, crab, lobster, clams, shrimp, roll, loaf, oatmeal, shallot, pork, turkey, duck, tenderloin, brisket, roast, meatloaf, roast beef, tenderloin, chicken wing, fried chicken, pulled pork, haddock, cod, salmon, smelt, spare rib, rib, bacon, sausage, patty, beef patty, chicken patty, kale, green bean, bell pepper, red pepper, green pepper, jalopeno, leek, chive, sweet potato, yam, turnip, rutabaga, parsnip, stew, bisque, chowder, kiwi, avocado, celery, pear, toast, mint, cupcake, takeout, walnut, hazelnut, pinto bean, taco, sandwich, casserole, stuffing, dressing, mashed

5 potatoes, cranberry, bun, cinnamon bun, panini, bagel, donut, gherkin, ciabatta, macaroon, cream cheese, cheddar, chickpea, hummus, sauce, pizza, pepperoni, crab cake, lobster roll, corn, tuna, tuna salad, chicken salad, pasta salad, penne, rotini, linguine, fettuccine, macaroni salad, macaroni and cheese, lasagna, baked ziti, meatball, spaghetti, angel hair, burrito, enchilada, quesadilla, wrap, sundae, chip, pretzel , popcorn, calzone, lo mein, rabbit, sweet pea, snow pea, chestnut, water chestnut, candy corn, Snickers, Kit Kat, Hershey bar, chocolate bar, butterscotch, hard candy, scallop, oyster, calamari, paperdelle, thyme, rosemary, sage, basil, oregano, pastry, desert, cookie, chocolate chip cookie, brownie, parfait, trail mix, raisin, grapefruit, apricot, pear, peach, plum, papaya, mango, pineapple, biscuit, treat • establish: fact, guidelines, truth, government, practice, timeline, mission, church, religion, law, philosophy, business, boundaries, boundary lines, precedent, pattern, institution, university, territory, reputation, empire, credit, company, charity, nonprofit, club, association, restaurant • examine: evidence, timeline, case, crime scene, molecule, fiber, compound, DNA, fingerprint, tissue, sample, clue, record, footprint, corpse, hair • explain: procedure, steps, process, answer, method, formula, theory, hypothesis, directions, methodology, mechanism, strategy, approach, plan • express: opinion, thought, idea, doubt, emotion, belief, attitude, stance, position, perspective, standpoint, viewpoint, notion, view, impression, feeling, emotion • feed: fire, animal, baby, newborn, child, toddler, tot, offspring, infant, flame, bonfire, wildfire, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, turtle, fish, snake, lizard, iguana, chicken, rooster, turkey, gerbil, newt, salamander, tiger, lion, elephant, duck, goose, swan, flamingo, worm, insect, bumblebee, bee, butterfly, koala, kangaroo, eel, beta fish, goldfish, remora, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, bird, herd, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, tortoise, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, owl, woodpecker, finch, caterpillar, dingo, jackal, frog, toad, alligator, crocodile, shark, whale, dolphin, walrus, seal, manatee, ferret, otter, beaver, penguin, squid, octopus, reptile, amphibian • fill: container, tank, gas tank, bottle, jug, cup, mug, glass, pitcher, bowl, box, measuring cup, jar, bag, purse, wallet, pocketbook, backpack, book bag, bin, can, tin, canister, case, briefcase, display case, cargo, dish, plate, drawer, dumpster, envelope, trough, pot, receptacle, spoon, vessel, basket, pillow, ravioli, cannoli, donut • fire up: engine, barbeque, grill, train, car, automobile, truck, machine, concert, party, debate, fire, fireplace, heater, heat, cigarette, cigar, computer, laptop, plane, airplane, jet, motor, alternator, generator, heat engine, steam engine, turbine, thruster, spaceship, rocket, bomb • fly: plane, airplane, helicopter, kite, hot air balloon, jet, passenger jet, spaceship, spacecraft, aerostat, airship, zeppelin, hang glider, lander, starship, space shuttle, fighter plane, aircraft, flag, airliner, blimp, chopper

6 • investigate: crime, crime scene, report, robbery, break-in, theft, murder, burglary, case, abuse, child abuse, animal abuse, kidnapping, rape, assault, allegation, article, felony, misdemeanor • negotiate: settlement, terms, agreement, offer, negotiation, arrangement, resolution, bargain, deal, pact, treaty, price, fee, charge, release, proposal, surrender, exchange • offer: help, assistance, money, criticism, advice, knowledge, experience, aid, backing, relief, appraisal, evaluation, opinion, counsel, guidance, cash, loan, offer, offering, thanks, gratitude, appreciation, sustenance, food • open: door, window, envelope, gift, present, hatch, screen, bottle, can, box, package, mouth, jar, trunk, bay window, screen door, letter, book, hatchback, car door, cargo door, French window, French door, sliding door, trap door • operate: machine, machinery, vehicle, motor vehicle, automobile, business, company, corporation, agency, car, truck, computer, equipment, cement mixer, farm machine, tiller, cultivator, harvester, reaper, binder, combine, haymaker, hopper, mill, grinder, meat grinder, grist mill, flour mill, drill press, lathe, printing press, stenograph, simulator, slicer, snow blower, lawn mower, sewing machine, Zamboni, auto, motorcar, cruiser, compact car, bus, cab, taxi, station wagon, wagon, tractor, jeep, limousine, convertible, coup, sedan, SUV • overcome: obstacle, challenge, disability, hardship, adversity, loss, weakness, poverty, temptation, depression, anxiety, fear, barrier, hurdle, disadvantage, difficulty, misfortune, tribulation, addiction • paint: room, wall, house, building, picture, painting, mural, bedroom, dining room, living room, kitchen, bathroom, still life, portrait, masterpiece, artwork, work, oeuvre, piece, graffiti, • perform: play, act, scene, drama, comedy, tragedy, playlet, satire, musical, concert, show, performance, song, dance, act, routine, number, bit, trick, matinee, rendition o performed by: role, character • prevent: disaster, tragedy, loss, muscle loss, hair loss, catastrophe, disease, calamity, accident, cataclysm, pain, sickness, disease, illness • propose: plan, solution, law, bill, idea, answer, theory, hypothesis, scheme, deal, procedure, strategy, suggestion, proposal, proposition, design, formula • prove: hypothesis, assumption, conjecture, theory, formula, theorem, supposition, postulation, thesis, postulate, fact, truth • provide: information, comfort, food, funds, money, support, backing, relief, shelter, guidance, nutrition, safety, peace of mind, security, closure, peace • publish: book, article, paper, newspaper, journal, play, poem, report, essay, novel, magazine, issue, printing, edition, best seller, trade book, formulary, textbook, text, schoolbook, catalog, catalogue, course catalog, phrase book, prayer book, missal, reference book, reference, cookbook, source book, dictionary, lexicon, onomasticon, glossary, thesaurus, handbook, manual, instruction manual, instructions, reference manual, bible, guidebook, field guide, road book, itinerary, directory, phone book, white pages, yellow pages, annual, yearbook, almanac, atlas, encyclopedia, song book, hymnal, volume, collection, copy, periodical, digest, comic book, trade magazine, paperback, hardcover, menu, gazette, tabloid, rag, biography, blog,

7 website, sign, menu, handout, homework, test, excerpt, page, paragraph, sentence, word, chart, map, webpage, manuscript • reach: settlement, agreement, decision, verdict, sentence, compromise, conclusion, resolution, consensus, accord, deal, arrangement, understanding, limit • read: document, text, speech, book, newspaper, journal, play, poem, article, report, essay, novel, magazine, issue, printing, edition, best seller, trade book, formulary, textbook, schoolbook, catalog, catalogue, course catalog, phrase book, prayer book, missal, reference book, reference, cookbook, source book, dictionary, lexicon, onomasticon, glossary, thesaurus, handbook, manual, instruction manual, instructions, reference manual, bible, guidebook, field guide, road book, itinerary, directory, phone book, white pages, yellow pages, annual, yearbook, almanac, atlas, encyclopedia, song book, hymnal, volume, collection, copy, periodical, digest, comic book, trade magazine, paperback, hardcover, menu, gazette, tabloid, rag, biography, blog, website, sign, menu, handout, homework, test, excerpt, page, paragraph, sentence, word, chart, map, webpage, manuscript, fairy tale, story • reduce: risk, price, danger, hazard, chance, uncertainty, charge, fee, cost, fare, tax, rate, peril, probability, weight • report: story, crime, incident, theft, robbery, kidnapping, murder, assault, investigation, rape, break-in, news, car chase, fire, arson, report, final score • resolve: conflict, problem, issue, dispute, quarrel, fight, squabble, disagreement, clash, dissention, contention, friction, feud, difficulty, trouble, snag, hurdle, predicament, mishap, dilemma, quandary, question, mystery, case, puzzle, conundrum, picture, resolution, photo, compound, mixture, force • send: letter, package, parcel, email, message, card, care package, invitation, RSVP, envelope, payment, Christmas card, gift, present, delivery, message, text message, text, memo, mailer, note, notice, bill • settle: dispute, argument, disagreement, claim, bet, wager, question, fight, clash, disagreement, quarrel, mystery, settlement, feud, colony, land, frontier, issue, debate • shoot: movie, scene, video, music video, report, take, retake, film, target, prey, deer, rifle, gun, pistol, bullet, photo, picture, panorama, landscape, flick, motion picture, show, TV show, episode, season, series, feature, documentary, Western, comedy, musical, news, production, photograph, mug shot, snapshot, shot, outtake, BB gun, air gun, cannon, rocket, firework, firearm, Machine gun, Gatling gun, semiautomatic, musket, handgun, revolver, Colt, Luger, Taser, laser, shotgun, artillery, harpoon gun • solve: problem, puzzle, riddle, question, difficulty, obstacle, hurdle, hardship, conundrum, mystery, case, crime, murder, enigma, whodunit, equation, sum, calculation • spend: money, time, effort, energy, cash, mullah, dough, scratch, bucks, bill, dollar, change, cent, minute, second, hour, day, week, month, year, labor, power, income, salary, wealth, investment, check, pay, savings, earnings

8 • submit: proposal, plan, entry, project, essay, report, homework, test, exam, quiz, motion, proposition, suggestion, complaint, reply, submission, strategy, idea, form, request, question, comment, draft, response, outline, thesis, manuscript, blueprint, evidence, article • support: theory, hypothesis, building, structure, house, life, decision, statement, conclusion, campaign, movement, act, bill, proposal, bridge, construction, arch, balcony, beam, arcade, colonnade, edifice, erection, addition • test: hypothesis, theory, strategy, battery, patience, recipe, method, ability, skill, knowledge, aptitude, microphone, proficiency, soil, water, air, connection, equipment, hearing, vision, sight, strength, faith • throw: ball, football, basketball, baseball, party, shower, pitch, curveball, dart, bowling ball, die, soccer ball, bouncy ball, javelin, bomb, grenade, boomerang, Frisbee, snowball, confetti, punch, pass • translate: document, text, speech, book, show, TV show, play, newspaper, journal, play, poem, article, report, essay, novel, magazine, issue, edition, best seller, trade book, textbook, text, schoolbook, catalog, catalogue, course catalog, phrase book, prayer book, missal, reference book, reference, cookbook, source book, dictionary, handbook, manual, instruction manual, instructions, reference manual, bible, guidebook, field guide, road book, itinerary, directory, phone book, atlas, encyclopedia, song book, hymnal, volume, collection, copy, periodical, digest, trade magazine, paperback, hardcover, menu, biography, website, sign, menu, excerpt, page, paragraph, sentence, word, chart, webpage, phrase, story, fairy tale • upload: file, program, application, picture, music, movie, document, video, virus, submission, pic, song, book, software, blogpost, post

LIST 2: It VERBed (some object)

• alleviate: drug, pain killer, Tylenol, Advil, medicine, therapy, treatment, aromatherapy, medication, physical therapy, rehabilitation, psychotherapy, desensitization, exposure therapy, group therapy, eye drop, ointment, injection, shot, detoxification, massage, acupuncture, analgesic, antidepressant, cold medicine, dose, sedative, muscle relaxer, tonic, remedy, aloe, • atrophy: leg, arm, muscle, skill, limb, extremity, organ, tissue, eye, gland, bone, kidney, spine, hand, foot, joint, cartilage, tendon • baa: sheep, ram, ewe, lamb, goat, billy goat, mountain goat, nanny goat, kid, lambkin hog, teg, tup, wether, black sheep, Cotswold, Hampshire, Lincoln, Cheviot, Exmoor, broadtail, logwool, merino, Angora goat, Cashmere goat, ibex, flock • babble: baby, brook, stream, river, infant, rivulet, tributary, inlet, rill, runnel, freshet, waterway, waterfall, newborn, tot, run, kill, creek, fountain • bark: dog, wolf, canine, seal, pinniped, walrus, sea lion, zebra, mutt, puppy, pooch, pup, whelp doggie, doggy, mongrel, lapdog, toy dog, hunting dog, hound, dog, hound, bloodhound, foxhound, coonhound, harrier, wolfhound, Greyhound, Terrier, bird dog, retriever, Schnauzer,

9 pointer, setter, spaniel, sheep dog, shepherd dog, collie, Border collie, police dog, guide dog, seeing eye dog, hearing dog, sled dog, malamute, husky, pug, fox, coyote, jackal, cub, gorilla, chimpanzee, monkey, ostrich, prarie dog, vervet, Black Lab, Golden Lab, Cocker Spaniel, Springer Spaniel, English Cocker Spaniel German Shepard, Bull Terrier, Airedale Terrier, Akita, Alaskan Malamute, American Cocker Spaniel, Australian Shepherd, Basset Hound, Beagle, Bichon Frise, Boston Terrier, Boxer, Brittany Spaniel, Bulldog, Cairn Terrier, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chihuahua, Chinese Shar-Pei, Chow Chow, Collie, Dachshund, Dalmatian, Doberman , Pinscher, English Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, German Shorthaired Pointer, Golden Retriever, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Labrador Retriever, Lhasa Apso, Maltese, Mastiff, Miniature Pinscher, Miniature Schnauzer, Newfoundland, Papillion, Pekingese, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Pomeranian, Poodle, Pug, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Samoyed, Schipperke, Scottish Terrier, Scottie, Shetland Sheepdog, Sheltie, Shih-Tzu, Siberian Husky, Weimaraner, West Highland, White Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier • bead: liquid, water, sweat, condensation, moisture, rain, precipitation, soda, drink, snow, milk, juice, tear, cider, beer, wetness, oil • beam: light, face, smile, rainbow, laser, headlight, head lamp, flashlight, sun, moon, ray, signal, broadcast, shaft, beam, moonbeam, sunbeam • behead: sword, guillotine, blade, steel, broadsword, claymore, saber, sabre, scimitar, axe, Bowie knife, machete • blast off: rocket, space ship, sky rocket, projectile, missile, space rocket, thruster, booster, firework • blaze: fire, campfire, inferno, conflagration, wildfire, bonfire, backfire, brush fire, campfire, forest fire, ground fire, crown fire, surface fire, grassfire, light, spotlight, sun, fireplace • blink: animal, eye, dog, cat, owl, light, signal, directional, head light, tail light, stop light, traffic light, flashlight, baby, newborn, child, toddler, tot, offspring, infant, flame, bonfire, wildfire, pet, critter, mammal, creature, horse, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, turtle, fish, snake, lizard, iguana, chicken, rooster, turkey, gerbil, newt, salamander, tiger, lion, elephant, duck, goose, swan, flamingo, insect, bumblebee, bee, butterfly, koala, kangaroo, eel, beta fish, goldfish, remora, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, bird, herd, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, tortoise, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, woodpecker, finch, dingo, jackal, frog, toad, alligator, crocodile, shark, whale, dolphin, walrus, seal, manatee, ferret, otter, beaver, penguin, squid, octopus, reptile, amphibian • bloom: flower, rose, flower bud, alstroemeria, anemone, carnation, cherry-blossom, cybidium, daffodil, freesia, gerbera, gladiola, gypsophilia, iris, narcissus, orchid, peony, rhododendron, sunflower, violet, tulip, lily, mum, chrysanthemum, amaryllis, aster, baby’s breath, calla, dahlia, hydrangea, poppy, lisianthus, pear blossom, poinsettia, protea, queen anne’s lace,

10 snapdragon, azalea, begonia, bellflower, bergamot, bird of paradise, bluebell, bottlebrush, camellia, buttercup, columbine, clover, crocus, daisy, delphinium, edelweiss, primrose, forget me not, foxglove, hibiscus, heather, hyacinth, holly, jasmine, lady’s slipper, lavender, lilac, lotus flower, marigold, marjoram, mimosa, orange blossom, peach blossom, petunia, rosemary, sage, tansy, thistle, thyme, water lily, zinnia, pansy • blossom: flower, rose, love, tree, apple tree, peach tree, cherry tree, plum tree, almond tree, pear tree, orange tree, grapefruit tree, lemon tree, crab apple tree, flower bud, alstroemeria, anemone, carnation, poppy, cherry-blossom, cybidium, daffodil, freesia, gerbera, gladiola, gypsophilia, iris, narcissus, orchid, peony, rhododendron, sunflower, violet, tulip, lily, mum, chrysanthemum, amaryllis, aster, baby’s breath, calla, dahlia, hydrangea, lisianthus, pear blossom, poinsettia, protea, queen anne’s lace, snapdragon, azalea, begonia, bellflower, bergamot, bird of paradise, bluebell, bottlebrush, camellia, buttercup, columbine, clover, crocus, daisy, delphinium, edelweiss, primrose, forget me not, foxglove, hibiscus, heather, hyacinth, holly, jasmine, lady’s slipper, lavender, lilac, lotus flower, marigold, marjoram, mimosa, orange blossom, peach blossom, petunia, rosemary, sage, tansy, thistle, thyme, water lily, zinnia, pansy • boil: liquid, water, rage, temper, pot, soup, kettle, stew, tea, coffee, sauce, chowder • bray: camel, donkey, ass, mule, zebra, burro, moke, jack, jackass, jenny, wild ass, kiang, onager, jennet, domestic ass, Arabian camel, dromedary, Bactrian camel, mountain zebra, common zebra • bubble: soup, water, stew, coffee, soap, bath, whirlpool, eddy, hot tub, geyser, spring, stew, suds, ocean, tub • burn: fire, house, flag, letter, coffee, tea, soup, cookies, stew, bisque, chowder, building, church, school, log, tinder, kindling, wood, forest, brush, dinner, wildfire, campfire, brushfire, forest fire, bonfire, candle, lantern, oil, sun • capsize: boat, ship, sailboat, wave, dinghy, canoe, rowboat, ark, barge, flatboat, houseboat, pontoon, bumboat, canal boat, catamaran, ferry, gondola, guard boat, gunboat, lugger, longboat, motorboat, powerboat, cabin cruiser, pleasure boat, pleasure craft, speedboat, hydrofoil, hydroplane, water scooter, pilot boat police boat, river boat, keelboat, showboat, scow, sea boat, birchbark, dugout, kayak, coracle, wherry, gig, racing boat, scull, skiff, yawl, jolly boat, steamboat, pinnacle, tender, cutter, tugboat, towboat, vessel, watercraft, galley, fishing boat, iceboat, shrimper, yacht, brigantine, galleon, sloop, schooner, flagship, cabin liner, liner, ocean liner, luxury ship, pirate ship, steamer, warship, battleship, destroyer, frigate, ironclad, whaler, Sea-Doo, Jet Ski • caramelize: sugar, onion, tomato, bacon, crust, nut, pecan, leek, shallot, fennel, carrot, sweet potato, squash, rutabaga, mushroom, walnut, macadamia nut, almond, steak, pork, chicken, ham, scallion, Vidalia onion, green onion, yellow onion, cashew, hazelnut, meat, pear, banana, butter, garlic, pearl onion, yam, milk, apple, brown sugar, molasses, treacle, candy, celery, potatoes • cave in: trench, hole, dirt, soil, rubble, mine, cave, roof, side, wall, eye, ceiling, floor, ground,

11 cavern, grotto, earth, cheek, chest, stomach, rock, burrow, tunnel, pit, rabbit warren • caw: crow, bird, corvine bird, American crow, raven, rook, jackdaw, chough, jay, nutcracker, magpie, vulture, woodpecker, seagull, gull, ivory gull, mew, mew gull, herring gull, cathartid, buzzard, turkey buzzard, turkey vulture, condor, black vulture, king vulture, griffon vulture, black bird, blackbird, carrion • cheep: bird, phone, cell phone, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine bird, songbird, lark, skylark, wagtail, finch, canary, sparrow, snowbird, bunting, grosbeak, towhee, cardinal, weaver, thrush, warbler, kinglet, wren, oriole, meadowlark, starling, jay, mockingbird, creeper, thrasher, nuthatch, titmouse, bluebird, swallow, bushtit, martin, tanager, shrike, flycatcher, chatterer, manakin, jenny wren, chick, biddy, chicken, hen • chitter: bird, machinery, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine bird, songbird, lark, skylark, wagtail, finch, canary, sparrow, snowbird, bunting, grosbeak, towhee, cardinal, weaver, thrush, warbler, kinglet, wren, oriole, meadowlark, starling, jay, mockingbird, creeper, thrasher, nuthatch, titmouse, bluebird, swallow, bushtit, martin, tanager, shrike, flycatcher, chatterer, manakin, jenny wren, chick, monkey, insect, raccoon, mouse, chipmunk, squirrel, cricket, rat, raccoon • chomp on: dog, fox, wolf, cow, horse, bear, lion, puma, camel, leopard, cougar, polar bear, black bear, brown bear, shark, barracuda, piranha, alligator, crocodile, zebra, sow, bull, calf, colt, filly, foal, puppy, cub, pup, doggy, coyote, hyena, dingo • clang: door, pipe, bell, alarm, gate, cymbal, chain, pot, pan, trolley, train, furnace, wrench, doorknocker, gong, fire alarm, engine, cage, fire engine, cell, hatch, radiator, portcullis, tire iron, turnstile, trunk, caboose, wagon, subway, locomotive, railcar, triangle, drum • clank: door, pipe, bell, alarm, gate, chain, can, cymbal, pot, pan, trolley, train, furnace, wrench, doorknocker, gong, fire alarm, engine, cage, cell, hatch, radiator, portcullis, tire iron, turnstile, trunk, caboose, wagon, subway, locomotive, railcar, change, coin, winch, axle, gear, cog • coagulate: blood, tumor, water, curd, gel, oil, dough, meat, syrup, lava, goo, gravy, gum, metal, metal, fat, salad dressing, blubber, grease, jello, slime, lard, cream, sauce, lifeblood • congeal: blood, gel, oil, dough, meat, syrup, lava, goo, gravy, gum, metal, metal, fat, salad dressing, blubber, grease, jello, slime, lard, cream, sauce, curd, lifeblood • crash: car, truck, computer, vehicle, machine, system, application, software, program, thunder, laptop, plane, airplane, helicopter, hot air balloon, jet, passenger jet, spaceship, spacecraft, aerostat, airship, zeppelin, hang glider, lander, starship, space shuttle, fighter plane, aircraft, airliner, blimp, chopper, cymbal, motorcycle, van, pickup, pickup truck, scooter, motor vehicle, tractor, automobile, sedan, hatchback, boat, speedboat, cruiser, liner, cargo truck, bus, cab, hack ,taxi, hog, limo, limousine, plough, snowplow, hearse, bike, bicycle, auto, motorcar, sled, sleigh, train, coupe, convertible, carriage, buggy, minicab, ambulance, police car, landrover, rental car, electric car, hybrid, roadster, racer, SUV, compact car, wagon, Harley, Toyota, Ford, Honda, Kia, BMW, Volkswagen, Hyundai, Lexus, Audi, Acura, Buick, Cadillac, GMC, Subaru, Mazda, Lincoln, Saturn, Mitsubishi, Volvo, Land Rover, Oldsmobile, Chevrolet, Chevy, Hummer, Jeep, Mercedes Benz

12 • crow: rooster, cock, chicken, cockerel, capon • cruise: car, motorcycle, bike, ship, boat, truck, van, pickup, pickup truck, scooter, vehicle, motor vehicle, tractor, automobile, sedan, hatchback, boat, speedboat, cruiser, liner, cargo truck, bus, cab, hack ,taxi, hog, limo, limousine, plough, snowplow, hearse, bike, bicycle, auto, motorcar, sled, sleigh, train, coupe, convertible, carriage, buggy, minicab, ambulance, police car, landrover, rental car, electric car, hybrid, roadster, racer, SUV, compact car, wagon, Harley, Toyota, Ford, Honda, Kia, BMW, Volkswagen, Hyundai, Lexus, Audi, Acura, Buick, Cadillac, GMC, Subaru, Mazda, Lincoln, Saturn, Mitsubishi, Volvo, Land Rover, Oldsmobile, Chevrolet, Chevy, Hummer, Jeep, Mercedes Benz, bicycle, sailboat, dinghy, canoe, rowboat, ark, barge, flatboat, houseboat, pontoon, bumboat, canal boat, catamaran, ferry, gondola, guard boat, gunboat, lugger, longboat, motorboat, powerboat, cabin cruiser, pleasure boat, pleasure craft, speedboat, hydrofoil, hydroplane, water scooter, pilot boat police boat, river boat, keelboat, showboat, scow, sea boat, birchbark, dugout, kayak, coracle, wherry, gig, racing boat, scull, skiff, yawl, jolly boat, steamboat, pinnacle, tender, cutter, tugboat, towboat, vessel, watercraft, galley, fishing boat, iceboat, shrimper, yacht, brigantine, galleon, sloop, schooner, flagship, cabin liner, liner, ocean liner, luxury ship, pirate ship, steamer, warship, battleship, destroyer, frigate, ironclad, whaler, Sea-Doo, Jet Ski • deafen: noise, sound, blare, din, dissonance, racket, music, bang, clap, blast, bam, boom, roar, thunder, clang, clang, crash, rumpus, clamor, uproar, scream, shout, yell, speaker, amp, subwoofer, bass, cymbal, drum, jackhammer, horn, siren • detonate: explosive, charge, bomb, device, grenade, dynamite, TNT, warhead, payload, plastique, nuke, firework, firecracker, whizbang, pinwheel, skyrocket, gunpowder • die: animal, tree, plant, dog, cat, horse, computer, phone, fire, laptop, cell phone, mobile phone, cell, tissue, battery, baby, infant, fetus, sun, star, engine, newborn, child, toddler, tot, offspring, flame, bonfire, candle, wildfire, pet, critter, mammal, creature, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, turtle, fish, snake, lizard, iguana, chicken, rooster, turkey, gerbil, newt, salamander, tiger, lion, elephant, duck, goose, swan, flamingo, worm, insect, bumblebee, bee, butterfly, koala, kangaroo, eel, beta fish, goldfish, remora, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, bird, herd, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, tortoise, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, owl, woodpecker, finch, caterpillar, dingo, jackal, frog, toad, alligator, crocodile, shark, whale, dolphin, walrus, seal, manatee, ferret, otter, beaver, penguin, squid, octopus, reptile, amphibian, flower, rose, alstroemeria, anemone, carnation, cherry-blossom, cybidium, daffodil, freesia, gerbera, gladiola, gypsophilia, iris, narcissus, orchid, peony, rhododendron, sunflower, violet, tulip, lily, mum, chrysanthemum, amaryllis, aster, baby’s breath, calla, dahlia, hydrangea, poppy, lisianthus, pear blossom, poinsettia, protea, queen anne’s lace, snapdragon, azalea, begonia, bellflower, bergamot, bird of paradise, bluebell, bottlebrush,

13 camellia, buttercup, columbine, clover, crocus, daisy, delphinium, edelweiss, primrose, forget me not, foxglove, hibiscus, heather, hyacinth, holly, jasmine, lady’s slipper, lavender, lilac, lotus flower, marigold, marjoram, mimosa, orange blossom, peach blossom, petunia, rosemary, sage, tansy, thistle, thyme, water lily, zinnia, pansy, apple tree, peach tree, cherry tree, plum tree, almond tree, pear tree, orange tree, grapefruit tree, lemon tree, crab apple tree, shrub, gardenia, forsythia, elderberry, sumac, cashew tree, holly, ivy, birch, dogwood, beech, oak, willow, maple, palm tree, magnolia tree, evergreen, elm, pine tree, fir tree, bush, bonsai tree, mangrove tree, bean sprout, vegetable, sapling • dim: light, light bulb, headlight, headlamp, high beam, chandelier, lamp, table lamp, floor lamp, spotlight, nightlight, fairy light, Christmas light, star, starlight, moonlight, sunlight, floodlight, foglamp, panel light, sconce, torch, flashlight, display, screen, computer screen, phone screen, candle, taper, penlight, gas lamp, lantern, hurricane lamp, TV screen, TV, neon, taillight, lighter, stoplight, sight, vision, eyesight, fire, camp fire, ember • donate: organization, church, sponsor, charity, school, Red Cross, fundraiser, company, relief organization, corporation, business, association, firm • eat: animal, baby, newborn, infant, flame, bonfire, wildfire, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, turtle, fish, snake, lizard, iguana, chicken, rooster, turkey, gerbil, newt, salamander, tiger, lion, elephant, duck, goose, swan, flamingo, worm, insect, bumblebee, bee, butterfly, koala, kangaroo, eel, beta fish, goldfish, remora, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, bird, herd, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, tortoise, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, owl, woodpecker, finch, caterpillar, dingo, jackal, frog, toad, alligator, crocodile, shark, whale, dolphin, walrus, seal, manatee, ferret, otter, beaver, penguin, squid, octopus, reptile, amphibian o eat away: rust, acid • evaporate: snow, rain, water, moisture, dew, puddle, drop, droplet, bead, drink, precipitation, sweat, slush, sleet, wetness, lake, pond, bayou, lagoon, pool, reservoir, tide pool, wallow • flash: light, lightening, camera, hazard lights, blinker, flasher, high beam, head light, head lamp, tail light, stop light, signal, flash, flashlight, torch, candle, lighthouse, teeth, reflection, firefly, lightening bug, Christmas light, spotlight, screen, lantern, reflector, display, alarm, warning • flicker: light, candle, flashlight, lamp, bulb, light bulb, fire, fireplace, camp fire, head light, firefly, lightening bug, eyelid, eyelashes, flame, lighter, shadow • flower: flower, tree, bush, shrub, gardenia, forsythia, elderberry, sumac, cashew tree, holly, ivy, birch, dogwood, beech, oak, willow, maple, palm tree, magnolia tree, apple tree, peach tree, cherry tree, plum tree, almond tree, pear tree, orange tree, grapefruit tree, lemon tree, crab apple tree, garden

14 • germinate: plant, flower, rose, alstroemeria, anemone, carnation, cherry-blossom, cybidium, daffodil, freesia, gerbera, gladiola, gypsophilia, iris, narcissus, orchid, peony, rhododendron, sunflower, violet, tulip, lily, mum, chrysanthemum, amaryllis, aster, baby’s breath, calla, dahlia, hydrangea, poppy, lisianthus, pear blossom, poinsettia, protea, queen anne’s lace, snapdragon, azalea, begonia, bellflower, bergamot, bird of paradise, bluebell, bottlebrush, camellia, buttercup, columbine, clover, crocus, daisy, delphinium, edelweiss, primrose, forget me not, foxglove, hibiscus, heather, hyacinth, holly, jasmine, lady’s slipper, lavender, lilac, lotus flower, marigold, marjoram, mimosa, orange blossom, peach blossom, petunia, rosemary, sage, tansy, thistle, thyme, water lily, zinnia, pansy, tree, apple tree, peach tree, cherry tree, plum tree, almond tree, pear tree, orange tree, grapefruit tree, lemon tree, crab apple tree, shrub, gardenia, forsythia, elderberry, sumac, cashew tree, holly, ivy, birch, dogwood, beech, oak, willow, maple, palm tree, magnolia tree, evergreen, elm, pine tree, fir tree, bush, bonsai tree, mangrove tree, bean sprout, vegetable, sapling, , ivy, bush, shrub, weed, wheat, morning glory, sprout, bamboo, eucalyptus, algae • glow: light, star, sun, lamp, chandelier, candle, moon, nightlight, light bulb, sign, screen, lamp, fire, fire place, camp fire, ember, head light, tail light, head lamp, lantern, TV, computer, neon, fluorescence, stoplight, beacon • gush: water, beer, geyser, spring, fountain, hot spring, Old Faithful, blood, guts, milk, oil, emotion, malt, lager, mead, Pilsner, ale, stout, porter, Heineken, Sam Adams, Budweiser, Coors, Labatt, Michelob, Killian’s, Guinness, Corona, soda, root beer, ginger ale, cola, pop, champagne, stream, waterfall, brook, bottle, draft, foam, froth, steam, blood, tears, dam • hibernate: bear, reptile, amphibian, snake, garter snake, black rat snake, rattlesnake, copperhead, turtle, box turtle, bee, lemur, mouse lemur, dwarf lemur, ground squirrel, squirrel, rodent, hedgehog, swallow, woodchuck, chipmunk, bat, dormouse, hamster, opossum, badger, possum, common poorwill, marmot, alpine marmot, black bear, brown bear, polar bear, bumblebee, carpenter bee, snail • howl: wolf, coyote, wind, dog, cross wind, headwind, gale, gust, blast, draft, tradewind, cub, pup, puppy, coydog, beast, canine, seal, zebra, mutt, puppy, pooch, pup, whelp doggie, doggy, mongrel, lapdog, toy dog, hunting dog, hound dog, hound, bloodhound, foxhound, coonhound, harrier, wolfhound, Greyhound, Terrier, bird dog, retriever, Schnauzer, pointer, setter, spaniel, sheep dog, shepherd dog, collie, Border collie, police dog, guide dog, seeing eye dog, hearing dog, sled dog, malamute, husky, pug, cub, monkey, Black Lab, Golden Lab, Cocker Spaniel, Springer Spaniel, English Cocker Spaniel German Shepard, Bull Terrier, Airedale Terrier, Akita, Alaskan Malamute, American Cocker Spaniel, Australian Shepherd, Basset Hound, Beagle, Bichon Frise, Boston Terrier, Boxer, Brittany Spaniel, Bulldog, Cairn Terrier, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chihuahua, Chinese Shar-Pei, Chow Chow, Collie, Dachshund, Dalmatian, Doberman , Pinscher, English Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, German Shorthaired Pointer, Golden Retriever, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Labrador Retriever, Lhasa Apso, Maltese, Mastiff, Miniature Pinscher, Miniature Schnauzer, Newfoundland, Papillion, Pekingese, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Pomeranian, Poodle, Pug, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard,

15 Samoyed, Schipperke, Scottish Terrier, Scottie, Shetland Sheepdog, Sheltie, Shih-Tzu, Siberian Husky, Weimaraner, West Highland, White Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier • ice over: water, puddle, lake, pond, pool, stream, brook, lagoon, reservoir, water hole, tarn, ocean, ground, road, street, sidewalk, soil, earth, yard, car, window, windshield, door, field, tundra • incriminate: evidence, statement, testimony, fingerprint, clue, footprint, DNA, hair, admission, misstatement, contradiction, lie, paper trail, testimonial • itch: skin, head, arm, leg, bite, wound, scab, bug bite, sting, burn, rash, hand, foot, torso, body, flesh, scar, beard, nose, shoulder, groin, pimple, boil, coldsore, wrist, cast, bandage, sweater, wool, eye, chest • knell: bell, church bell, death knell, death bell • lacerate: knife, sword, bolo knife, carving knife, butcher knife, axe, ax, parer, slicer, scalpel, bayonet, dagger, machete, shiv, backsword, scimitar, epee, foil, saber, broadsword, rapier, cutlass, spear, lance, razor, cutter, razor wire • lick: dog, cat, kitten, puppy, horse, foal, colt, deer, foal, filly, colt, roan, stallion, stud, gelding, mare, broodmare, saddle horse, mount, palfrey, warhorse, cavalry horse, charger, steed, prance, hack, pony, Arabian, Appaloosa, Lippizan, buckskin, mustang, bronco, wild hose, nag, Shetland pony, racehorse, thoroughbred, yearling, trotter, mudder, pacer, harness horse, hackney, workhorse, carthorse, Clydesdale, Percheron, shire horse, pole horse, coach horse, packhorse, stepper, chestnut, palomino, pinto, mule, pack mule, equine, ass, hinny, wolf, coyote, cub, pup, puppy, coydog, beast, canine, seal, zebra, mutt, puppy, pooch, pup, whelp doggie, doggy, mongrel, lapdog, toy dog, hunting dog, hound dog, hound, bloodhound, foxhound, coonhound, harrier, wolfhound, Greyhound, Terrier, bird dog, retriever, Schnauzer, pointer, setter, spaniel, sheep dog, shepherd dog, collie, Border collie, police dog, guide dog, seeing eye dog, hearing dog, sled dog, malamute, husky, pug, cub, monkey, Black Lab, Golden Lab, Cocker Spaniel, Springer Spaniel, English Cocker Spaniel German Shepard, Bull Terrier, Airedale Terrier, Akita, Alaskan Malamute, American Cocker Spaniel, Australian Shepherd, Basset Hound, Beagle, Bichon Frise, Boston Terrier, Boxer, Brittany Spaniel, Bulldog, Cairn Terrier, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chihuahua, Chinese Shar-Pei, Chow Chow, Collie, Dachshund, Dalmatian, Doberman , Pinscher, English Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, German Shorthaired Pointer, Golden Retriever, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Labrador Retriever, Lhasa Apso, Maltese, Mastiff, Miniature Pinscher, Miniature Schnauzer, Newfoundland, Papillion, Pekingese, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Pomeranian, Poodle, Pug, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Samoyed, Schipperke, Scottish Terrier, Scottie, Shetland Sheepdog, Sheltie, Shih-Tzu, Siberian Husky, Weimaraner, West Highland, White Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier, cat, kitten, lion, tiger, leopard, leopardess, panther, lioness, cub, tigress, cheetah, jaguar, sabertooth, liger, snow leopard, Bengal tiger, kit, kitty, kitty-cat, pussy, pussy-cat, puss, tabby, mouser, alley cat, tom, tomcat, queen, tiger cat, Persian, tortoiseshell, calico, Angora, Siamese, Burmese cat, Egyptian cat, Maltese, Abyssinian, Manx, wildcat, sand cat, mountain cat, cougar, puma, mountain lion, panther, painter, feline, ocelot, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard,

16 tiger, margay, lynx, bobcat, serval, caracal, domestic cat, house cat, shorthair cat • live: animal, plant, flower, rose, alstroemeria, anemone, carnation, cherry-blossom, cybidium, daffodil, freesia, gerbera, gladiola, gypsophilia, iris, narcissus, orchid, peony, rhododendron, sunflower, violet, tulip, lily, mum, chrysanthemum, amaryllis, aster, baby’s breath, calla, dahlia, hydrangea, poppy, lisianthus, pear blossom, poinsettia, protea, queen anne’s lace, snapdragon, azalea, begonia, bellflower, bergamot, bird of paradise, bluebell, bottlebrush, camellia, buttercup, columbine, clover, crocus, daisy, delphinium, edelweiss, primrose, forget me not, foxglove, hibiscus, heather, hyacinth, holly, jasmine, lady’s slipper, lavender, lilac, lotus flower, marigold, marjoram, mimosa, orange blossom, peach blossom, petunia, rosemary, sage, tansy, thistle, thyme, water lily, zinnia, pansy, tree, apple tree, peach tree, cherry tree, plum tree, almond tree, pear tree, orange tree, grapefruit tree, lemon tree, crab apple tree, shrub, gardenia, forsythia, elderberry, sumac, cashew tree, holly, ivy, birch, dogwood, beech, oak, willow, maple, palm tree, magnolia tree, evergreen, elm, pine tree, fir tree, bush, bonsai tree, mangrove tree, bean sprout, vegetable, sapling, ivy, bush, shrub, weed, wheat, morning glory, sprout, bamboo, eucalyptus, algae, cactus, baby, newborn, child, toddler, tot, offspring, infant, flame, bonfire, wildfire, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, turtle, fish, snake, lizard, iguana, chicken, rooster, turkey, gerbil, newt, salamander, tiger, lion, elephant, duck, goose, swan, flamingo, worm, insect, bumblebee, bee, butterfly, koala, kangaroo, eel, beta fish, goldfish, remora, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, bird, herd, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, tortoise, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, owl, woodpecker, finch, caterpillar, dingo, jackal, frog, toad, alligator, crocodile, shark, whale, dolphin, walrus, seal, manatee, ferret, otter, beaver, penguin, squid, octopus, reptile, amphibian, alien, being, entity, life form • love: dog, cat, horse, animal, baby, newborn, child, toddler, tot, offspring, infant, flame, bonfire, wildfire, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, turtle, fish, snake, lizard, iguana, chicken, rooster, turkey, gerbil, newt, salamander, tiger, lion, elephant, duck, goose, swan, flamingo, koala, kangaroo, eel, beta fish, goldfish, remora, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, bird, herd, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, tortoise, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, owl, woodpecker, finch, dingo, jackal, frog, toad, alligator, crocodile, shark, whale, dolphin, walrus, seal, manatee, ferret, otter, beaver, penguin, squid, octopus, reptile, amphibian • magnify: lens, microscope, binoculars, angioscope, electron microscope, light microscope,

17 compound microscope, hand glass, magnifying glass, magnifier, loupe, telescope, scope, spyglass, collimator, equatorial, opera glasses, glasses, reading glasses, zoom o magnify (sound): amp, speaker, loudspeaker, subwoofer, bullhorn, squawk box, tweeter, woofer, microphone, amplifier, horn thingy • malfunction: machine, computer, system, laptop, program, phone, cell phone, car, automobile, truck, software, hardware, mechanism, engine • manufacture: factory, machine, company, corporation, assembly line, manufacturing plant, plant, manufactory, mill, foundry, armory, steel mill, assembly plant, paper mill, sweatshop, textile mill, business, conglomerate, saw mill • march: army, band, marching band, company, battalion, force, legion, military, unit, corps, regiment, brigade, division, squadron, squad, cohort, detachment, section, ant, toy soldier, parade, procession, callithump, brass • mass produce: factory, machine, company, corporation, assembly line, manufacturing plant, plant, manufactory, mill, foundry, armory, steel mill, assembly plant, paper mill, sweatshop, textile mill, business, conglomerate, corp • meow: cat, kitten, kit, kitty, kitty-cat, pussy, pussy-cat, puss, tabby, mouser, alley cat, tom, tomcat, queen, tiger cat, Persian, tortoiseshell, calico, Angora, Siamese, Burmese cat, Egyptian cat, Maltese, Abyssinian, Manx, wildcat, sand cat, mountain cat, cougar, puma, mountain lion, panther, painter, feline, ocelot, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, tiger, margay, lynx, bobcat, serval, caracal, domestic cat, house cat, shorthair cat, cub • metabolize: cell, chemical, drug, liver, kidney, organism, bacteria, organ, body, food, nutrition, vitamin, cocaine, heroin, crack, ecstasy, amphetamine, painkiller, pill, molecule, acid, LSD, tranquilizer, Advil, Tylenol, protein, enzyme, metabolism, calorie • metastasize: tumor, growth, cancer, malignancy, fibroid, carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, neoplasm, angioma, acanthoma, blastoma, carcinoid, glioma, lymphoma, carcinosarcoma, breast cancer, oral cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, hepatoma, skin cancer, epithelioma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, teratoma • mew: cat, kitten, kit, kitty, kitty-cat, pussy, pussy-cat, puss, tabby, mouser, alley cat, tom, tomcat, queen, tiger cat, Persian, tortoiseshell, calico, Angora, Siamese, Burmese cat, Egyptian cat, Maltese, Abyssinian, Manx, wildcat, sand cat, mountain cat, cougar, puma, mountain lion, panther, painter, feline, ocelot, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, tiger, margay, lynx, bobcat, serval, caracal, domestic cat, house cat, shorthair cat, cub, seagull • misprint: newspaper, book, journal, play, poem, article, report, essay, novel, magazine, issue, printing, edition, best seller, trade book, formulary, textbook, text, schoolbook, catalog, catalogue, course catalog, phrase book, prayer book, missal, reference book, reference, cookbook, source book, dictionary, lexicon, onomasticon, glossary, thesaurus, handbook, manual, instruction manual, instructions, reference manual, bible, guidebook, field guide, road book, itinerary, directory, phone book, white pages, yellow pages, annual, yearbook, almanac, atlas, encyclopedia, song book, hymnal, volume, collection, copy, periodical, digest, comic book, trade magazine, paperback, hardcover, menu, gazette, tabloid, rag, biography

18 • misquote: newspaper, book, journal, article, report, essay, novel, magazine, issue, printing, edition, best seller, trade book, textbook, text, schoolbook, phrase book, source book, bible, guidebook, field guide, annual, yearbook, almanac, encyclopedia, volume, collection, copy, periodical, digest, comic book, trade magazine, paperback, hardcover, gazette, tabloid, rag, documentary, biography, movie, film • moisten: liquid, water, saliva, drink, milk, oil, soda, pop, lemonade, iced tea, coffee, tea, dew, steam, condensation, spit, spittle, drool, slobber, ginger ale, coke, coca cola, seltzer, cream, rain, precipitation, ice cream, sponge, tongue • moo: cow, cattle, oxen, ox, stirk, steer, bull, bullock, heifer, longhorn, Angus, black Angus, Galloway, Durham, Charolais, Hereford, dairy cow, milk cow, milker, Welsh, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Ayrshire, Devon, shorthorn, calf, dogie, maverick, herd • mummify: corpse, body, mummy, cadaver, remains, stiff, pet, cat • munch: meal, snack, lunch, dinner, breakfast, food, grub, nosh, victuals, comestible, chow, aliment, supper, repast, potluck, groceries, buffet, picnic, banquet, feast, tea, brunch, course, delicacy, mess, vitamin, dish, serving, puree, meat, fish, pasta, chocolate, candy, soup, junk food, health food, bread, vegetable, fruit, leftovers, seafood, butter, yogurt, cheese, produce, legume, bean, carrot, salad, soy, pepper, eggplant, mushroom, tomato, potato, broccoli, onion, celery, cabbage, lettuce, apple, banana, rice, pudding, orange, grapes, berry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, burger, steak, chicken, hot dog, cereal, pie, cake, ice cream, sausage, ham, beef, pickle, cucumber, spinach, nut, pea, peanut, almond, egg, noodle, macaroni, crab, lobster, clams, shrimp, roll, loaf, oatmeal, shallot, pork, turkey, duck, tenderloin, brisket, roast, meatloaf, roast beef, tenderloin, chicken wing, fried chicken, pulled pork, haddock, cod, salmon, smelt, spare rib, rib, bacon, sausage, patty, beef patty, chicken patty, kale, green bean, bell pepper, red pepper, green pepper, jalopeno, leek, chive, sweet potato, yam, turnip, rutabaga, parsnip, stew, bisque, chowder, kiwi, avocado, celery, pear, toast, mint, cupcake, takeout, walnut, hazelnut, pinto bean, taco, sandwich, casserole, stuffing, dressing, mashed potatoes, cranberry, bun, cinnamon bun, panini, bagel, donut, gherkin, ciabatta, macaroon, cream cheese, cheddar, chickpea, hummus, sauce, pizza, pepperoni, crab cake, lobster roll, corn, tuna, tuna salad, chicken salad, pasta salad, penne, rotini, linguine, fettuccine, macaroni salad, macaroni and cheese, lasagna, baked ziti, meatball, spaghetti, angel hair, burrito, enchilada, quesadilla, wrap, sundae, chip, pretzel , popcorn, calzone, lo mein, rabbit, sweet pea, snow pea, chestnut, water chestnut, candy corn, Snickers, Kit Kat, Hershey bar, chocolate bar, butterscotch, hard candy, scallop, oyster, calamari, paperdelle, thyme, rosemary, sage, basil, oregano, pastry, desert, cookie, chocolate chip cookie, brownie, parfait, trail mix, raisin, grapefruit, apricot, pear, peach, plum, papaya, mango, pineapple, biscuit, treat, mutiny: crew, first mate, aircrew, team, forces, battalion, army, division, company, troops, unit, infantry, military, garrison • neigh: horse, foal, filly, colt, roan, stallion, stud, gelding, mare, broodmare, saddle horse, mount, palfrey, warhorse, cavalry horse, charger, steed, prance, hack, pony, Arabian, Appaloosa, Lippizan, buckskin, mustang, bronco, wild hose, nag, Shetland pony, racehorse,

19 thoroughbred, yearling, trotter, mudder, pacer, harness horse, hackney, workhorse, carthorse, Clydesdale, Percheron, shire horse, pole horse, coach horse, packhorse, stepper, chestnut, palomino, pinto, mule, pack mule, equine, ass, hinny • nest: bird, eagle, pheasant, rodent, rabbit, squirrel, echidna, platypus, gorilla, frog, fish, stickleback, reptile, alligator, cobra, snake, sea turtle, insect, ant, termite, bee, wasp, hornet, badger, beaver, songbird, accentor, wagtail, lark, finch, bunting, grosbeak, cardinal, towhee, cardinal, weaver, thrush, heron, cormorant, swan, goose, mallard, vulture, osprey, eagle, hawk, kestrel, falcon, turkey, killdeer, gull, tern, dove, owl, woodpecker, flicker, swallow, jay, bluebird, crow, chickadee, titmouse, robin, catbird, mockingbird, vireo, warbler, sparrow, junco, blackbird, grackle, goldfinch, starling, kingfisher, waxwing, cowbird, meadowlark, duck, cuckoo, nighthawk, phoebe, pewee, martin, swift, wren, thrasher, redstart, oriole, grebe, gull, sandpiper, raven, godwit, nuthatch, tanager, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine, skylark, canary, snowbird, bushtit, shrike, manakin, jenny wren, chick, chicken, hen, penguin, rooster, cock, flamingo, seagull, ostrich, emu, parrot, parakeet, hummingbird, pigeon, widgeon • nibble: meal, snack, lunch, dinner, breakfast, food, grub, nosh, victuals, comestible, chow, aliment, supper, repast, potluck, groceries, buffet, picnic, banquet, feast, tea, brunch, course, delicacy, mess, vitamin, dish, serving, puree, meat, fish, pasta, chocolate, candy, soup, junk food, health food, bread, vegetable, fruit, leftovers, seafood, butter, yogurt, cheese, produce, legume, bean, carrot, salad, soy, pepper, eggplant, mushroom, tomato, potato, broccoli, onion, celery, cabbage, lettuce, apple, banana, rice, pudding, orange, grapes, berry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, burger, steak, chicken, hot dog, cereal, pie, cake, ice cream, sausage, ham, beef, pickle, cucumber, spinach, nut, pea, peanut, almond, egg, noodle, macaroni, crab, lobster, clams, shrimp, roll, loaf, oatmeal, shallot, pork, turkey, duck, tenderloin, brisket, roast, meatloaf, roast beef, tenderloin, chicken wing, fried chicken, pulled pork, haddock, cod, salmon, smelt, spare rib, rib, bacon, sausage, patty, beef patty, chicken patty, kale, green bean, bell pepper, red pepper, green pepper, jalopeno, leek, chive, sweet potato, yam, turnip, rutabaga, parsnip, stew, bisque, chowder, kiwi, avocado, celery, pear, toast, mint, cupcake, takeout, walnut, hazelnut, pinto bean, taco, sandwich, casserole, stuffing, dressing, mashed potatoes, cranberry, bun, cinnamon bun, panini, bagel, donut, gherkin, ciabatta, macaroon, cream cheese, cheddar, chickpea, hummus, sauce, pizza, pepperoni, crab cake, lobster roll, corn, tuna, tuna salad, chicken salad, pasta salad, penne, rotini, linguine, fettuccine, macaroni salad, macaroni and cheese, lasagna, baked ziti, meatball, spaghetti, angel hair, burrito, enchilada, quesadilla, wrap, sundae, chip, pretzel , popcorn, calzone, lo mein, rabbit, sweet pea, snow pea, chestnut, water chestnut, candy corn, Snickers, Kit Kat, Hershey bar, chocolate bar, butterscotch, hard candy, scallop, oyster, calamari, paperdelle, thyme, rosemary, sage, basil, oregano, pastry, desert, cookie, chocolate chip cookie, brownie, parfait, trail mix, raisin, grapefruit, apricot, pear, peach, plum, papaya, mango, pineapple, biscuit, treat • nicker: horse, foal, filly, colt, roan, stallion, stud, gelding, mare, broodmare, saddle horse, mount, palfrey, warhorse, cavalry horse, charger, steed, prance, hack, pony, Arabian, Appaloosa, Lippizan, buckskin, mustang, bronco, wild hose, nag, Shetland pony, racehorse,

20 thoroughbred, yearling, trotter, mudder, pacer, harness horse, hackney, workhorse, carthorse, Clydesdale, Percheron, shire horse, pole horse, coach horse, packhorse, stepper, chestnut, palomino, pinto, mule, pack mule, equine, ass, hinny • nosh: meal, snack, lunch, dinner, breakfast, food, grub, nosh, victuals, comestible, chow, aliment, supper, repast, potluck, groceries, buffet, picnic, banquet, feast, tea, brunch, course, delicacy, mess, vitamin, dish, serving, puree, meat, fish, pasta, chocolate, candy, soup, junk food, health food, bread, vegetable, fruit, leftovers, seafood, butter, yogurt, cheese, produce, legume, bean, carrot, salad, soy, pepper, eggplant, mushroom, tomato, potato, broccoli, onion, celery, cabbage, lettuce, apple, banana, rice, pudding, orange, grapes, berry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, burger, steak, chicken, hot dog, cereal, pie, cake, ice cream, sausage, ham, beef, pickle, cucumber, spinach, nut, pea, peanut, almond, egg, noodle, macaroni, crab, lobster, clams, shrimp, roll, loaf, oatmeal, shallot, pork, turkey, duck, tenderloin, brisket, roast, meatloaf, roast beef, tenderloin, chicken wing, fried chicken, pulled pork, haddock, cod, salmon, smelt, spare rib, rib, bacon, sausage, patty, beef patty, chicken patty, kale, green bean, bell pepper, red pepper, green pepper, jalopeno, leek, chive, sweet potato, yam, turnip, rutabaga, parsnip, stew, bisque, chowder, kiwi, avocado, celery, pear, toast, mint, cupcake, takeout, walnut, hazelnut, pinto bean, taco, sandwich, casserole, stuffing, dressing, mashed potatoes, cranberry, bun, cinnamon bun, panini, bagel, donut, gherkin, ciabatta, macaroon, cream cheese, cheddar, chickpea, hummus, sauce, pizza, pepperoni, crab cake, lobster roll, corn, tuna, tuna salad, chicken salad, pasta salad, penne, rotini, linguine, fettuccine, macaroni salad, macaroni and cheese, lasagna, baked ziti, meatball, spaghetti, angel hair, burrito, enchilada, quesadilla, wrap, sundae, chip, pretzel , popcorn, calzone, lo mein, rabbit, sweet pea, snow pea, chestnut, water chestnut, candy corn, Snickers, Kit Kat, Hershey bar, chocolate bar, butterscotch, hard candy, scallop, oyster, calamari, paperdelle, thyme, rosemary, sage, basil, oregano, pastry, desert, cookie, chocolate chip cookie, brownie, parfait, trail mix, raisin, grapefruit, apricot, pear, peach, plum, papaya, mango, pineapple, biscuit, treat • nourish: food, nutrition, vitamin, nourishment, sustenance, meal, snack, lunch, dinner, breakfast, food, grub, nosh, victuals, comestible, chow, aliment, supper, repast, potluck, groceries, buffet, picnic, banquet, feast, tea, brunch, course, delicacy, mess, vitamin, dish, serving, puree, meat, fish, pasta, chocolate, candy, soup, junk food, health food, bread, vegetable, fruit, leftovers, seafood, butter, yogurt, cheese, produce, legume, bean, carrot, salad, soy, pepper, eggplant, mushroom, tomato, potato, broccoli, onion, celery, cabbage, lettuce, apple, banana, rice, pudding, orange, grapes, berry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, burger, steak, chicken, hot dog, cereal, pie, cake, ice cream, sausage, ham, beef, pickle, cucumber, spinach, nut, pea, peanut, almond, egg, noodle, macaroni, crab, lobster, clams, shrimp, roll, loaf, oatmeal, shallot, pork, turkey, duck, tenderloin, brisket, roast, meatloaf, roast beef, tenderloin, chicken wing, fried chicken, pulled pork, haddock, cod, salmon, smelt, spare rib, rib, bacon, sausage, patty, beef patty, chicken patty, kale, green bean, bell pepper, red pepper, green pepper, jalopeno, leek, chive, sweet potato, yam, turnip, rutabaga, parsnip, stew, bisque, chowder, kiwi, avocado, celery, pear, toast, mint, cupcake, takeout, walnut, hazelnut, pinto

21 bean, taco, sandwich, casserole, stuffing, dressing, mashed potatoes, cranberry, bun, cinnamon bun, panini, bagel, donut, gherkin, ciabatta, macaroon, cream cheese, cheddar, chickpea, hummus, sauce, pizza, pepperoni, crab cake, lobster roll, corn, tuna, tuna salad, chicken salad, pasta salad, penne, rotini, linguine, fettuccine, macaroni salad, macaroni and cheese, lasagna, baked ziti, meatball, spaghetti, angel hair, burrito, enchilada, quesadilla, wrap, sundae, chip, pretzel , popcorn, calzone, lo mein, rabbit, sweet pea, snow pea, chestnut, water chestnut, candy corn, Snickers, Kit Kat, Hershey bar, chocolate bar, butterscotch, hard candy, scallop, oyster, calamari, paperdelle, thyme, rosemary, sage, basil, oregano, pastry, desert, cookie, chocolate chip cookie, brownie, parfait, trail mix, raisin, grapefruit, apricot, pear, peach, plum, papaya, mango, pineapple, biscuit, treat • nuzzle: dog, cat, horse, kitten, puppy, colt, foal, filly, cow, pig, baby, infant, piglet, hog, sow, bear, camel, zebra, lion, tiger, leopard, kit, kitty, kitty-cat, pussy, pussy-cat, puss, tabby, mouser, alley cat, tom, tomcat, queen, tiger cat, Persian, tortoiseshell, calico, Angora, Siamese, Burmese cat, Egyptian cat, Maltese, Abyssinian, Manx, wildcat, sand cat, mountain cat, cougar, puma, mountain lion, panther, painter, feline, ocelot, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, tiger, margay, lynx, bobcat, serval, caracal, domestic cat, house cat, shorthair cat, cub, roan, stallion, stud, gelding, mare, broodmare, saddle horse, mount, palfrey, warhorse, cavalry horse, charger, steed, prance, hack, pony, Arabian, Appaloosa, Lippizan, buckskin, mustang, bronco, wild hose, nag, Shetland pony, racehorse, thoroughbred, yearling, trotter, mudder, pacer, harness horse, hackney, workhorse, carthorse, Clydesdale, Percheron, shire horse, pole horse, coach horse, packhorse, stepper, chestnut, palomino, pinto, mule, pack mule, equine, ass, hinny, wolf, canine, mutt, puppy, pooch, pup, whelp doggie, doggy, mongrel, lapdog, toy dog, hunting dog, hound, dog, hound, bloodhound, foxhound, coonhound, harrier, wolfhound, Greyhound, Terrier, bird dog, retriever, Schnauzer, pointer, setter, spaniel, sheep dog, shepherd dog, collie, Border collie, police dog, guide dog, seeing eye dog, hearing dog, sled dog, malamute, husky, pug, fox, coyote, jackal, cub, gorilla, chimpanzee, monkey, ostrich, prarie dog, vervet, Black Lab, Golden Lab, Cocker Spaniel, Springer Spaniel, English Cocker Spaniel German Shepard, Bull Terrier, Airedale Terrier, Akita, Alaskan Malamute, American Cocker Spaniel, Australian Shepherd, Basset Hound, Beagle, Bichon Frise, Boston Terrier, Boxer, Brittany Spaniel, Bulldog, Cairn Terrier, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chihuahua, Chinese Shar-Pei, Chow Chow, Collie, Dachshund, Dalmatian, Doberman , Pinscher, English Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, German Shorthaired Pointer, Golden Retriever, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Labrador Retriever, Lhasa Apso, Maltese, Mastiff, Miniature Pinscher, Miniature Schnauzer, Newfoundland, Papillion, Pekingese, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Pomeranian, Poodle, Pug, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Samoyed, Schipperke, Scottish Terrier, Scottie, Shetland Sheepdog, Sheltie, Shih-Tzu, Siberian Husky, Weimaraner, West Highland, White Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier • oink: pig, piglet, hog, grunter, squealer, sow, boar, warthog, swine, porker • orbit: celestial object, rocket, satellite, planet, moon, asteroid, spaceship, space station, spacecraft, orbiter, lander, shuttle, starship, capsule, sputnik, spy satellite, weather satellite

22 communications satellite, Earth, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, planetoid • ossify: soft tissue, cartilage, fossil, grist, meniscus, flesh, muscle, skin, flesh • overflow: container, glass, pitcher, river, canal, dyke, stream, brook, puddle, cup, mug, bucket, dam, tub, bath, pool, pond, lake, stream, chalice, wine glass, goblet, bottle, can, chest • overgrow: plant, tree, bush, flower, rose, alstroemeria, anemone, carnation, cherry-blossom, cybidium, daffodil, freesia, gerbera, gladiola, gypsophilia, iris, narcissus, orchid, peony, rhododendron, sunflower, violet, tulip, lily, mum, chrysanthemum, amaryllis, aster, baby’s breath, calla, dahlia, hydrangea, poppy, lisianthus, pear blossom, poinsettia, protea, queen anne’s lace, snapdragon, azalea, begonia, bellflower, bergamot, bird of paradise, bluebell, bottlebrush, camellia, buttercup, columbine, clover, crocus, daisy, delphinium, edelweiss, primrose, forget me not, foxglove, hibiscus, heather, hyacinth, holly, jasmine, lady’s slipper, lavender, lilac, lotus flower, marigold, marjoram, mimosa, orange blossom, peach blossom, petunia, rosemary, sage, tansy, thistle, thyme, water lily, zinnia, pansy, apple tree, peach tree, cherry tree, plum tree, almond tree, pear tree, orange tree, grapefruit tree, lemon tree, crab apple tree, shrub, gardenia, forsythia, elderberry, sumac, cashew tree, holly, ivy, birch, dogwood, beech, oak, willow, maple, palm tree, magnolia tree, evergreen, elm, pine tree, fir tree, bonsai tree, mangrove tree, bean sprout • paddle: dog, puppy, duck, duckling, swan, oar, paddle, scull, blade, pup, wolf, goose, drake, teal, mallard, pintail, widgeon, gander, gosling, honker • parse: computer, (computer) program, parser, laptop, compiler, processor • peck: bird, songbird, accentor, wagtail, lark, finch, bunting, grosbeak, cardinal, towhee, cardinal, weaver, thrush, heron, cormorant, swan, goose, mallard, vulture, osprey, eagle, hawk, kestrel, falcon, turkey, killdeer, gull, tern, dove, owl, woodpecker, flicker, swallow, jay, bluebird, crow, chickadee, titmouse, robin, catbird, mockingbird, vireo, warbler, sparrow, junco, blackbird, grackle, goldfinch, starling, kingfisher, waxwing, cowbird, meadowlark, duck, cuckoo, nighthawk, phoebe, pewee, martin, swift, wren, thrasher, redstart, oriole, grebe, gull, sandpiper, raven, godwit, nuthatch, tanager, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine, skylark, canary, snowbird, bushtit, shrike, manakin, jenny wren, chick, chicken, hen, penguin, rooster, cock, flamingo, seagull, ostrich, emu, parrot, parakeet, hummingbird, pigeon, widgeon • peep: bird, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine bird, songbird, lark, skylark, wagtail, finch, canary, sparrow, snowbird, bunting, grosbeak, towhee, cardinal, weaver, thrush, warbler, kinglet, wren, oriole, meadowlark, starling, jay, mockingbird, creeper, thrasher, nuthatch, titmouse, bluebird, swallow, bushtit, martin, tanager, shrike, flycatcher, chatterer, manakin, jenny wren, chick, biddy, chicken, hen • photocopy: photocopier, Xerox, copier, copy machine, Photostat, mimeograph, mimeo, lithograph, hectograph, facsimile, fax • photograph: camera, phone, camera phone, cell phone, cell, webcam, spy camera, disposable camera, photo booth, digital camera, camcorder, traffic cam, cam, Kodak, Canon, Nikon, Polaroid

23 • pierce: knife, cleaver, bolo, Bowie knife, hunting knife, parer, penknife, epee, sword, scalpel, lance, steak knife, chisel, scythe, shear, sickle, scissors, axe, ax, pickax, awl, needle, blade, scimitar, saber, claymore, foil, rapier, arrow, spear, hatchet • poison: poison, snake, atropine, belladonna, toxin, ricin, zootoxin, venom, toxicant, anatoxin, toxoid, botulinum, cytotoxin, enterotoxin, endotoxin, exotoxin, neurotoxin, phytotoxin, mycotoxin, hemlock, hemlock, aconite, dimethylmercury, tetrodotoxin, polonium, mercury, arsenic, anthrax, cyanide • pounce: cat, kitten, lion, tiger, leopard, leopardess, panther, lioness, cub, tigress, cheetah, jaguar, sabertooth, liger, snow leopard, Bengal tiger, kit, kitty, kitty-cat, pussy, pussy-cat, puss, tabby, mouser, alley cat, tom, tomcat, queen, tiger cat, Persian, tortoiseshell, calico, Angora, Siamese, Burmese cat, Egyptian cat, Maltese, Abyssinian, Manx, wildcat, sand cat, mountain cat, cougar, puma, mountain lion, panther, painter, feline, ocelot, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, tiger, margay, lynx, bobcat, serval, caracal, domestic cat, house cat, shorthair cat, cub • preen: bird, songbird, accentor, wagtail, lark, finch, bunting, grosbeak, cardinal, towhee, cardinal, weaver, thrush, heron, cormorant, swan, goose, mallard, vulture, osprey, eagle, hawk, kestrel, falcon, turkey, killdeer, gull, tern, dove, owl, woodpecker, flicker, swallow, jay, bluebird, crow, chickadee, titmouse, robin, catbird, mockingbird, vireo, warbler, sparrow, junco, blackbird, grackle, goldfinch, starling, kingfisher, waxwing, cowbird, meadowlark, duck, cuckoo, nighthawk, phoebe, pewee, martin, swift, wren, thrasher, redstart, oriole, grebe, gull, sandpiper, raven, godwit, nuthatch, tanager, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine, skylark, canary, snowbird, bushtit, shrike, manakin, jenny wren, chick, chicken, hen, penguin, rooster, cock, flamingo, seagull, ostrich, emu, parrot, parakeet, hummingbird, pigeon, widgeon • premiere: film, play, show, concert, movie, film, video, drama, comedy, season, opera, ballet, performance, act, troupe • print: printer, printing press, typewriter, ink-jet printer, stenograph, laser printer, typesetting machine, 3D printer, copier, fax, photocopier, Xerox, facsimile, Polaroid camera, photo booth, mint, ATM, register, cash register • prowl: lion, tiger, leopard, leopardess, panther, lioness, cub, tigress, cheetah, jaguar, sabertooth, snow leopard, Bengal tiger, wolf, predator, cat, kitten, kit, kitty, kitty-cat, pussy, pussy-cat, puss, tabby, mouser, alley cat, tom, tomcat, queen, tiger cat, Persian, tortoiseshell, calico, Angora, Siamese, Burmese cat, Egyptian cat, Maltese, Abyssinian, Manx, wildcat, sand cat, mountain cat, cougar, puma, mountain lion, panther, painter, feline, ocelot, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, tiger, margay, lynx, bobcat, serval, caracal, domestic cat, house cat, shorthair cat, cub • puncture: knife, cleaver, bolo, Bowie knife, hunting knife, parer, penknife, epee, sword, scalpel, lance, steak knife, chisel, scythe, shears, sickle, scissors, axe, ax, pickax, awl, needle, blade, scimitar, saber, claymore, foil, rapier, arrow, spear, hatchet, carving knife, butcher knife, slicer, scalpel, bayonet, dagger, machete, shiv, backsword, scimitar, epee, foil, saber, broadsword, rapier, cutlass, spear, lance, razor, cutter, pin • purr: cat, kitten, kit, kitty, kitty-cat, pussy, pussy-cat, puss, tabby, mouser, alley cat, tom,

24 tomcat, queen, tiger cat, Persian, tortoiseshell, calico, Angora, Siamese, Burmese cat, Egyptian cat, Maltese, Abyssinian, Manx, wildcat, sand cat, mountain cat, cougar, puma, mountain lion, panther, painter, feline, ocelot, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, tiger, margay, lynx, bobcat, serval, caracal, domestic cat, house cat, shorthair cat, cub • reboot: computer, tv, television, television set, tv set, machine, laptop, modem, router, printer, photocopier, cable, internet, program, application, browser, operating system • rev: motor, engine, car, truck, motorcycle, van, pickup, pickup truck, scooter, vehicle, motor vehicle, tractor, automobile, sedan, hatchback, boat, speedboat, cruiser, liner, cargo truck, bus, cab, hack ,taxi, hog, limo, limousine, plough, snowplow, hearse, auto, motorcar, sled, sleigh, train, coupe, convertible, carriage, buggy, minicab, ambulance, police car, landrover, rental car, electric car, hybrid, roadster, racer, SUV, compact car, wagon, Harley, Toyota, Ford, Honda, Kia, BMW, Volkswagen, Hyundai, Lexus, Audi, Acura, Buick, Cadillac, GMC, Subaru, Mazda, Lincoln, Saturn, Mitsubishi, Volvo, Land Rover, Oldsmobile, Chevrolet, Chevy, Hummer, Jeep, Mercedes Benz • rhyme: lyric, limerick, rhyme, poem, play, sonnet, ballad, song, chorus, refrain, epic, verse, doggerel, haiku, stanza, chant, carol, hymn, cheer, lullaby, shanty, aria, opera, ditty, tune, anthem, jingle • ripen: vegetable, greens, veggie, tomato, eggplant, avocado, pepper, bell pepper, squash, broccoli, zucchini, cucumber, pumpkin, plantain, fruit, banana, apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot • roll: ball, soccer ball, bouncy ball, bowling ball, rolling pin, baseball, basketball, can, snowball, wagon, car, truck, tractor, wheel, tire, dumbbell, bottle, water, drawer, apple, orange, grapefruit, stone, landslide, cart, golf ball, kick ball, pebble, rock, dime, quarter, nickel, penny, coin, window, carriage • roost: bat, bird, songbird, accentor, wagtail, lark, finch, bunting, grosbeak, cardinal, towhee, cardinal, weaver, thrush, heron, cormorant, swan, goose, mallard, vulture, osprey, eagle, hawk, kestrel, falcon, turkey, killdeer, gull, tern, dove, owl, woodpecker, flicker, swallow, jay, bluebird, crow, chickadee, titmouse, robin, catbird, mockingbird, vireo, warbler, sparrow, junco, blackbird, grackle, goldfinch, starling, kingfisher, waxwing, cowbird, meadowlark, duck, cuckoo, nighthawk, phoebe, pewee, martin, swift, wren, thrasher, redstart, oriole, grebe, gull, sandpiper, raven, godwit, nuthatch, tanager, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine, skylark, canary, snowbird, bushtit, shrike, manakin, jenny wren, chick, chicken, hen, penguin, rooster, cock, flamingo, seagull, ostrich, emu, parrot, parakeet, hummingbird, pigeon, widgeon • run aground: boat, ship, whale, seal, otter, walrus, dinghy, canoe, rowboat, ark, barge, flatboat, houseboat, pontoon, bumboat, canal boat, catamaran, ferry, gondola, guard boat, gunboat, lugger, longboat, motorboat, powerboat, cabin cruiser, pleasure boat, pleasure craft, speedboat, hydrofoil, hydroplane, water scooter, pilot boat police boat, river boat, keelboat, showboat, scow, sea boat, birchbark, dugout, kayak, coracle, wherry, gig, racing boat, scull, skiff, yawl, jolly boat, steamboat, pinnacle, tender, cutter, tugboat, towboat, vessel, watercraft, galley, fishing boat, iceboat, shrimper, yacht, brigantine, galleon, sloop, schooner, flagship, cabin

25 liner, liner, ocean liner, luxury ship, pirate ship, steamer, warship, battleship, destroyer, frigate, ironclad, whaler, Sea-Doo, Jet Ski • sail: ship, boat, sailboat, wave, dinghy, canoe, rowboat, ark, barge, flatboat, houseboat, pontoon, bumboat, canal boat, catamaran, ferry, gondola, guard boat, gunboat, lugger, longboat, motorboat, powerboat, cabin cruiser, pleasure boat, pleasure craft, speedboat, hydrofoil, hydroplane, water scooter, pilot boat police boat, river boat, keelboat, showboat, scow, sea boat, birchbark, dugout, kayak, coracle, wherry, gig, racing boat, scull, skiff, yawl, jolly boat, steamboat, pinnacle, tender, cutter, tugboat, towboat, vessel, watercraft, galley, fishing boat, iceboat, shrimper, yacht, brigantine, galleon, sloop, schooner, flagship, cabin liner, liner, ocean liner, luxury ship, pirate ship, steamer, warship, battleship, destroyer, frigate, ironclad, whaler, Sea-Doo, Jet Ski • salivate: animal, baby, newborn, child, toddler, tot, offspring, infant, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, turtle, snake, lizard, iguana, gerbil, newt, salamander, tiger, lion, elephant, koala, kangaroo, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, finch, dingo, jackal, alligator, crocodile, ferret, otter, beaver, reptile, hawk, eagle, snake • saunter: animal, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, sloth, lizard, iguana, chicken, rooster, turkey, tiger, lion, elephant, duck, goose, swan, flamingo, koala, kangaroo, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, buck, deer, doe, bird, herd, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, turtle, tortoise, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, dingo, jackal, alligator, crocodile, beaver, penguin, reptile, amphibian • scald: soup, tea, coffee, lava, stew, steam, water, hot chocolate, smoke • scamper: squirrel, mouse, rat, rodent, guinea pig, gerbil, hamster, chipmunk, ferret, weasel, prairie dog, hedgehog, porcupine, chinchilla, fox, beaver, ant, insect, lizard, gecko, chameleon, spider, crab, beetle, mole rat, mole, possum, raccoon • scurry: squirrel, mouse, rat, rodent, guinea pig, gerbil, hamster, chipmunk, ferret, weasel, prairie dog, hedgehog, porcupine, chinchilla, fox, beaver, ant, insect, lizard, gecko, chameleon, spider, crab, beetle, mole rat, mole, possum, raccoon • sear: fire, stove, flame, grill, pan, barbeque, wok, iron, branding iron, sun, frying pan, oven, heat, fireplace, bonfire, camp fire • simmer: pot, kettle, soup, stew, liquid, water, tea, coffee, sauce, tension, bisque, cauldron, brew, concoction, potion, joe, java, latte, cappuccino • sink: ship, metal, rock, pebble, concrete, stone, sediment, weight, flotsam, jetsam, wreckage,

26 wreck, boat, sailboat, dinghy, canoe, rowboat, ark, barge, flatboat, houseboat, pontoon, bumboat, canal boat, catamaran, ferry, gondola, guard boat, gunboat, lugger, longboat, motorboat, powerboat, cabin cruiser, pleasure boat, pleasure craft, speedboat, hydrofoil, hydroplane, water scooter, pilot boat police boat, river boat, keelboat, showboat, scow, sea boat, birchbark, dugout, kayak, coracle, wherry, gig, racing boat, scull, skiff, yawl, jolly boat, steamboat, pinnacle, tender, cutter, tugboat, towboat, vessel, watercraft, galley, fishing boat, iceboat, shrimper, yacht, brigantine, galleon, sloop, schooner, flagship, cabin liner, liner, ocean liner, luxury ship, pirate ship, steamer, warship, battleship, destroyer, frigate, ironclad, whaler, Sea-Doo, Jet Ski • sleep: computer, baby, animal, monitor, laptop, newborn, child, toddler, tot, offspring, infant, flame, bonfire, wildfire, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, turtle, fish, snake, lizard, iguana, chicken, rooster, turkey, gerbil, newt, salamander, tiger, lion, elephant, duck, goose, swan, flamingo, worm, insect, bumblebee, bee, butterfly, koala, kangaroo, eel, beta fish, goldfish, remora, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, bird, herd, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, tortoise, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, owl, woodpecker, finch, caterpillar, dingo, jackal, frog, toad, alligator, crocodile, shark, whale, dolphin, walrus, seal, manatee, ferret, otter, beaver, penguin, squid, octopus, reptile, amphibian • slither: snake, worm, slug, eel, adder, anaconda, sand adder, puff adder, asp, bird snake, rat snake, blind snake, boa, boiga, boomslang, bull snake, bushmaster, beaked snake, canebrake, cat snake, chicken snake, cobra, congo snake, copperhead, coral snake, corn snake, cottonmouth, crowned snake, flying snake, fox snake, garter snake, grass snake, ground snake, hood snake, keelback, king cobra, lancehead, mamba, mud snake, parrot snake, python, racer, rattlesnake, rattler, sea snake, sidewinder, tiger snake, tree snake, viper • slobber: animal, baby, newborn, toddler, tot, infant, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, tiger, lion, elephant, koala, kangaroo, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, buck, deer, doe, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, dingo, jackal, ferret, beaver, canine, mutt, puppy, pooch, pup, whelp doggie, doggy, mongrel, lapdog, toy dog, hunting dog, hound, dog, hound, bloodhound, foxhound, coonhound, harrier, wolfhound, Greyhound, Terrier, bird dog, retriever, Schnauzer, pointer, setter, spaniel, sheep dog, shepherd dog, collie, Border collie, police dog, guide dog, seeing eye dog, hearing dog, sled dog, malamute, husky, pug, fox, coyote, jackal, cub, gorilla, chimpanzee, monkey, ostrich, prarie dog, vervet, Black Lab, Golden Lab, Cocker Spaniel, Springer Spaniel, English Cocker Spaniel German Shepard, Bull

27 Terrier, Airedale Terrier, Akita, Alaskan Malamute, American Cocker Spaniel, Australian Shepherd, Basset Hound, Beagle, Bichon Frise, Boston Terrier, Boxer, Brittany Spaniel, Bulldog, Cairn Terrier, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chihuahua, Chinese Shar-Pei, Chow Chow, Collie, Dachshund, Dalmatian, Doberman , Pinscher, English Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, German Shorthaired Pointer, Golden Retriever, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Labrador Retriever, Lhasa Apso, Maltese, Mastiff, Miniature Pinscher, Miniature Schnauzer, Newfoundland, Papillion, Pekingese, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Pomeranian, Poodle, Pug, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Samoyed, Schipperke, Scottish Terrier, Scottie, Shetland Sheepdog, Sheltie, Shih-Tzu, Siberian Husky, Weimaraner, West Highland, White Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier • smoke: fire, campfire, inferno, conflagration, wildfire, bonfire, backfire, brush fire, campfire, forest fire, ground fire, crown fire, surface fire, grassfire, barbeque, smoulder, smudge, oven, stove, chimney, cigarette, cigar, match, candle, fireplace, lighter, grill • sneeze: animal, baby, newborn, toddler, tot, offspring, infant, pet, critter, mammal, creature, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil , tiger, lion, elephant, koala, kangaroo, platypus, polar bear, bear, grizzly bear, black bear, brown bear, wolf, cub, pup, sheep, ewe, ram, goat, billy goat, nanny goat, donkey, mule, wren, buck, deer, doe, cattle, bull, calf, kit, kitten, jaguar, leopard, puma, mountain lion, hyena, coyote, monkey, capuchin, ape, gorilla, pachyderm, camel, giraffe, swine, hog, zebra, gnu, moose, elk, buffalo, bison, antelope, rabbit, bunny, weasel, fox, raccoon, badger, porcupine, hedgehog, sugar glider, mouse, rat, rodent, squirrel, chipmunk, dingo, jackal, ferret, otter, beaver • sprout: plant, flower, rose, alstroemeria, anemone, carnation, cherry-blossom, cybidium, daffodil, freesia, gerbera, gladiola, gypsophilia, iris, narcissus, orchid, peony, rhododendron, sunflower, violet, tulip, lily, mum, chrysanthemum, amaryllis, aster, baby’s breath, calla, dahlia, hydrangea, poppy, lisianthus, pear blossom, poinsettia, protea, queen anne’s lace, snapdragon, azalea, begonia, bellflower, bergamot, bird of paradise, bluebell, bottlebrush, camellia, buttercup, columbine, clover, crocus, daisy, delphinium, edelweiss, primrose, forget me not, foxglove, hibiscus, heather, hyacinth, holly, jasmine, lady’s slipper, lavender, lilac, lotus flower, marigold, marjoram, mimosa, orange blossom, peach blossom, petunia, rosemary, sage, tansy, thistle, thyme, water lily, zinnia, pansy, tree, apple tree, peach tree, cherry tree, plum tree, almond tree, pear tree, orange tree, grapefruit tree, lemon tree, crab apple tree, shrub, gardenia, forsythia, elderberry, sumac, cashew tree, holly, ivy, birch, dogwood, beech, oak, willow, maple, palm tree, magnolia tree, evergreen, elm, pine tree, fir tree, bush, bonsai tree, mangrove tree, bean sprout, vegetable, sapling, , ivy, bush, shrub, weed, wheat, morning glory, sprout, bamboo, eucalyptus, algae, aloe, cactus • squawk: parrot, seagull, bird, songbird, accentor, wagtail, lark, finch, bunting, grosbeak, cardinal, towhee, cardinal, weaver, thrush, heron, cormorant, swan, goose, mallard, vulture, osprey, eagle, hawk, kestrel, falcon, turkey, killdeer, gull, tern, dove, owl, woodpecker, flicker, swallow, jay, bluebird, crow, chickadee, titmouse, robin, catbird, mockingbird, vireo, warbler, sparrow, junco, blackbird, grackle, goldfinch, starling, kingfisher, waxwing, cowbird,

28 meadowlark, duck, cuckoo, nighthawk, phoebe, pewee, martin, swift, wren, thrasher, redstart, oriole, grebe, gull, sandpiper, raven, godwit, nuthatch, tanager, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine, skylark, canary, snowbird, bushtit, shrike, manakin, jenny wren, chick, chicken, hen, penguin, rooster, cock, flamingo, seagull, ostrich, emu, parrot, parakeet, pigeon, widgeon • squeal: pig, hog, swine, piglet, hog, grunter, squealer, sow, boar, warthog, porker • taste: flavor, spice, food, dinner, meal, lunch, drink, milk, juice, orange juice, apple juice, cranberry juice, thyme, rosemary, sage, garlic, oregano, basil, cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice, cilantro, grub, nosh, snack, victuals, comestible, chow, aliment, supper, repast, potluck, groceries, buffet, picnic, banquet, feast, tea, brunch, course, delicacy, mess, vitamin, dish, serving, puree, meat, fish, pasta, chocolate, candy, soup, junk food, health food, bread, vegetable, fruit, leftovers, seafood, butter, yogurt, cheese, produce, legume, bean, carrot, salad, soy, pepper, eggplant, mushroom, tomato, potato, broccoli, onion, celery, cabbage, lettuce, apple, banana, rice, pudding, orange, grapes, berry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, burger, steak, chicken, hot dog, cereal, pie, cake, ice cream, sausage, ham, beef, pickle, cucumber, spinach, nut, pea, peanut, almond, egg, noodle, macaroni, crab, lobster, clams, shrimp, roll, loaf, oatmeal, shallot, pork, turkey, duck, tenderloin, brisket, roast, meatloaf, roast beef, tenderloin, chicken wing, fried chicken, pulled pork, haddock, cod, salmon, smelt, spare rib, rib, bacon, sausage, patty, beef patty, chicken patty, kale, green bean, bell pepper, red pepper, green pepper, jalopeno, leek, chive, sweet potato, yam, turnip, rutabaga, parsnip, stew, bisque, chowder, kiwi, avocado, celery, pear, toast, mint, cupcake, takeout, walnut, hazelnut, pinto bean, taco, sandwich, casserole, stuffing, dressing, mashed potatoes, cranberry, bun, cinnamon bun, panini, bagel, donut, gherkin, ciabatta, macaroon, cream cheese, cheddar, chickpea, hummus, sauce, pizza, pepperoni, crab cake, lobster roll, corn, tuna, tuna salad, chicken salad, pasta salad, penne, rotini, linguine, fettuccine, macaroni salad, macaroni and cheese, lasagna, baked ziti, meatball, spaghetti, angel hair, burrito, enchilada, quesadilla, wrap, sundae, chip, pretzel , popcorn, calzone, lo mein, rabbit, sweet pea, snow pea, chestnut, water chestnut, candy corn, Snickers, Kit Kat, Hershey bar, chocolate bar, butterscotch, hard candy, scallop, oyster, calamari, paperdelle, thyme, rosemary, sage, basil, oregano, pastry, desert, cookie, chocolate chip cookie, brownie, parfait, trail mix, raisin, grapefruit, apricot, pear, peach, plum, papaya, mango, pineapple, biscuit, treat • tick: clock, bomb, alarm, chronometer, alarm clock, wall clock, grandfather clock, turret clock, briefcase bomb, pipe bomb, time bomb, time, minutes, seconds, hours, metronome • torpedo: submarine, destroyer, torpedo boat, PT boat, U- boat, attack submarine, nautilus • trawl: boat, trawler, dragger, fishing boat, smack, fishing smack, shrimper, vessel, watercraft, shrimping boat • trickle: liquid, water, blood, light, sweat, tears, rain, precipitation, oil, lifeblood, pee, piss, urine, drop, droplet, bead, shower, sprinkle, scattering, drizzle, drool, spit, dribble, slobber, saliva, brook, stream, bead, drink, soda, pop, iced tea, lemonade, milk, cream, alcohol, wine, beer, hooch, liquor, cider, juice, nectar, coffee, tea, espresso, condensation, moisture, raindrop • tweet: bird, bird, songbird, accentor, wagtail, lark, finch, bunting, grosbeak, cardinal, towhee,

29 cardinal, weaver, thrush, heron, cormorant, killdeer, dove, flicker, swallow, jay, bluebird, crow, chickadee, titmouse, robin, catbird, mockingbird, vireo, warbler, sparrow, junco, blackbird, grackle, goldfinch, starling, kingfisher, waxwing, cowbird, meadowlark, duck, cuckoo, nighthawk, phoebe, pewee, martin, swift, wren, thrasher, redstart, oriole, grebe, gull, sandpiper, raven, godwit, nuthatch, tanager, dickybird, nester, passerine, oscine, skylark, canary, snowbird, bushtit, shrike, manakin, jenny wren, chick, flamingo, seagull, parrot, parakeet, hummingbird, pigeon, widgeon

30