Detection and Traceability of Genetically Modified Organisms In
Food and Chemical Toxicology 42 (2004) 1157–1180 www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox Detection and traceability of genetically modified organisms in the food production chain M. Miragliaa,*, K.G. Berdalb, C. Breraa, P. Corbisierc, A. Holst-Jensenb, E.J. Kokd, H.J.P. Marvind, H. Schimmelc, J. Rentsche, J.P.P.F. van Ried, J. Zagonf aIstituto Superiore di Sanita´, Section of Cereal Chemistry, Laboratory of Food, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy bNational Veterinary Institute, Section of Food and Feed Microbiology, Ullevaalsveien 68, N-0033 Oslo, Norway cEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Reference Materials Unit, Retieseweg, B-2440 Geel, Belgium dRIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Bornsesteeg 45, PO Box 230, NL-6700AE Wageningen, The Netherlands eMolecular Biology Unit, Swiss Quality Testing Services, Rte. de l’Industrie 61, CH-1784 Courtepin, Switzerland fCentre for Novel Foods and Genetic Engineering, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Received 16 November 2003; accepted 4 February 2004 Abstract Both labelling and traceability of genetically modified organisms are current issues that are considered in trade and regulation. Currently, labelling of genetically modified foods containing detectable transgenic material is required by EU legislation. A pro- posed package of legislation would extend this labelling to foods without any traces of transgenics. These new legislations would also impose labelling and a traceability system based on documentation throughout the food and feed manufacture system. The regulatory issues of risk analysis and labelling are currently harmonised by Codex Alimentarius. The implementation and main- tenance of the regulations necessitates sampling protocols and analytical methodologies that allow for accurate determination of the content of genetically modified organisms within a food and feed sample.
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