DOCSLIB.ORG

Trichuris Trichiura, Trichinella Spiralis, Capillaria Philippinensis, and Enterobius Vermicularis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trichuris Trichiura, Trichinella Spiralis, Capillaria Philippinensis, and Enterobius Vermicularis Lecture 1: Nematodes 1 #AsturiaNOTES Parasitology: Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella spiralis, Capillaria philippinensis, and Enterobius Vermicularis First, what is: Nematoda? A nematode? Nematoda A phylum (A phylum is a biological hierarchy as part of the biological classification of organisms) Therefore, the members of the Phylum Nematode are then called nematodes Nematodes Common name: Roundworms Elongated, cylindrical, non-segmented worms which are tapered at both ends Possess: o Stiff Cuticle—which may be smooth or may be extended to form a variety of structures particularly at the: . Anterior end . Posterior end o Well-developed Digestive System . With both: 1 Oral opening a A buccal capsule furnished with cutting plates or teeth. 2 Anal opening . The esophagus is muscular in most forms of nematodes. 1 If the esophagus is expanded posteriorly into a bulb that contains a valve mechanism—the esophagus is rhabtidiform 2 If the esophagus is muscular and of uniform caliber throughout—the esophagus is filariform Nematodes have separate sexes. Therefore, there is a female nematode and a male nematode. o The female is BIGGER than the male o The reproductive organs are tubular and lie coiled in the body cavity o In the Male: . There is a single tubule which at its smaller end consists of testicular cells 1 It extends into a vas deferens and seminal vesicle and terminates in an ejaculatory duct opening into the cloaca o In the Female: . Has two (2) cylindrical ovaries which expand into uteri 1 The uteri may open to the exterior through a single vulva, or there may be a common vagina between the vulva and uteri a The vulva is frequently located near the middle of the body but varies in position in different species Most nematodes are planktonic or free-living o But some parasitize: . Humans . Animals . Plants AsturiaNOTES by RAsturiano UST-FMS A-2019: #TheElusiveDoktora Page 1 of 11 August 12, 2015. Lecturer: Dr. O. Ng—downloadable (for free!) at: www.theelusivedokora.wordpress.com Lecture 1: Nematodes 1 #AsturiaNOTES Parasitology: Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella spiralis, Capillaria philippinensis, and Enterobius Vermicularis Requires an intermediate hosts are necessary for the larval development of some forms of nematodes. Parasite forms of nematodes include: o Intestinal nematodes o Tissue-inhabiting nematodes The parasitic nematodes: Color: Light cream-white o Females of small nematodes are usually darker than males their eggs are dark- colored Infective-stage larvae: Have a filariform type of esophagus Free-living stages of nematodes: Have a rhabtidiform esophagus A. Trichuris trichiura Common name: Whipworm Thick posterior part, thin anterior portion—resembling the shape of a whip thus earing its common name 2nd most common intestinal worm next to Ascaris Occurs in moist, warm, tropical regions of Asia, Central and South America, and the Caribbean Islands Morphology Color: Flesh or pinkish Size: Females are Longer and Bigger o Females: 3.5 cm to 5.5cm o Males: 3 cm to 3.5 cm Anterior 3/5 o With fine hair-like structures which form the esophagus . The Esophagus is characteristically embedded in glandular cells called Stichocytes Posterior 2/5 o Contains: . The intestine . The reproductive organs o Tail end: . Females: Straight and blunt . Male: Curved at 360deg Egg Barrel shaped Thick, smooth brown egg shell and 2 transparent polar plugs protruding from both poles The female worm produces 3,000-7,000 eggs daily (eggs are 50 to 54 microns in length) The zinc sulfate flotation method is extremely efficient in demonstrating these eggs AsturiaNOTES by RAsturiano UST-FMS A-2019: #TheElusiveDoktora Page 2 of 11 August 12, 2015. Lecturer: Dr. O. Ng—downloadable (for free!) at: www.theelusivedokora.wordpress.com Lecture 1: Nematodes 1 #AsturiaNOTES Parasitology: Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella spiralis, Capillaria philippinensis, and Enterobius Vermicularis Life Cycle 1—Eggs are passed out in the feces o The eggs passed out in the feces are fertilized eggs—the diagnostic stage 2—In the soil, the eggs embryonate under favorable conditions o The embryonated egg is the infective stage 3—The embryonated egg (infective egg) is ingested by the human host and it hatches in the intestines o It takes 2-3 months after ingestion before the fertilized eggs can be seen in the feces of the host 4—The liberated larva from the embryonated egg burrows into an intestinal villus for a few days 5—Then it takes up its residence in the lumen of the cecum and develops into maturity where the female can have her eggs fertilized and pass these eggs out in the feces and repeat #1 o In heavy infections, the worms can be found in the rectum Pathogenesis The anterior ends of the worms, interlaced in the colonic mucosa, produce little damage to the host unless present in large numbers. Appendicitis is frequently present. Concomitant infection with bacteria is frequently present. Edema of the rectum, produced by numbers of worms in that area, is responsible for rectal prolapse If infection is = or > 200 worms in children, chronic dysentery can occur along with: o Profound anemia o Growth retardation Resembles presentation of inflammatory bowel disease NO heart-lung migration Does NOT lodge in the liver Mimics Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms Light infections by Trichuris trichiura are usually asymptomatic Heavier infections are associated with the following: o Abdominal pain and distention o Bloody or mucoid diarrhea o Tenesmus . Tenesmus—A distressing but ineffectual urge to evacuate the rectum or urinary bladder o Hypoalbuminemia o Weight loss and Weakness o Rectal prolapse . The rectum is edematous and worms may be visible on it o Anemia and moderate eosinophilia o Nutritional deficiencies Therefore, the intensity of the symptoms is directly correlated with the bioburden. o Therefore, more worms? The more intense the symptoms! AsturiaNOTES by RAsturiano UST-FMS A-2019: #TheElusiveDoktora Page 3 of 11 August 12, 2015. Lecturer: Dr. O. Ng—downloadable (for free!) at: www.theelusivedokora.wordpress.com Lecture 1: Nematodes 1 #AsturiaNOTES Parasitology: Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella spiralis, Capillaria philippinensis, and Enterobius Vermicularis . If untreated, the worms can survive for 4-8 years. Diagnosis Direct Fecal Smear (DFS) Cellophane thick smear method or the Kato Thick Smear Epidemiology In the Philippines: o Prevalence of Trichuris infection is 80-90%, almost parallel with Ascaris infection o Most infections are light o Trichuris eggs are more susceptible to adversities than Ascaris eggs Treatment Albendazole o 400mgs in a single dose for 3 days Mebendazole Oxantel-Pyrantel B. Trichinella spiralis Can cause: o Trichinosis o Trichiniasis o Trichinelliasis There are 8 species belonging to the genus Trichinella and 5 of them parasitize humans and carnivorous animals. o The other 4: . Trichinella nelsoni—2nd to the Trichinella spiralis in parasitizing humans . Trichinella native . Trichinella britovi . Trichinella pseudospiralis o Three additional species have been described: . Trichinella murrelli . Trichinella zimbabwensis . Trichinella papuae Trichinella spiralis o Infection is initiated by consumption of raw/undercooked pork/meat containing the encysted larvae . Upon ingestion, the encysted larvae will excyst after action of gastric acid. The end result of this is the liberation of the larvae which will penetrate into the intestinal mucosa. 1 Upon attachment, the larvae quickly develop into the adult forms in 30 to 40 hours Morphology T. spiralis is a small worm Sexes are separate: AsturiaNOTES by RAsturiano UST-FMS A-2019: #TheElusiveDoktora Page 4 of 11 August 12, 2015. Lecturer: Dr. O. Ng—downloadable (for free!) at: www.theelusivedokora.wordpress.com Lecture 1: Nematodes 1 #AsturiaNOTES Parasitology: Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella spiralis, Capillaria philippinensis, and Enterobius Vermicularis o Female is BIGGER than male o Female—3.50mm longs o Male—1.50mm long Shape: Thread-like Characteristics: o Anterior end . With small orbicular, non-papillated mouth 1 In females, the anterior 1/5 is with a single ovary with a vulva and long narrow digestive system o Posterior end . Females: Bluntly rounded . Males: Ventrally curved with 2 lobular appendages Larvae Has a spear-like burrowing tip at its tapering anterior end Matured encysted larvae has digestive tract although the reproductive system is NOT fully developed Life Cycle 1—Starting points are infected hogs and rats 2—If pork is eaten raw or undercooked, larvae will penetrate the intestinal wall that will mature in 2-3 days 3—Adults of Trichinella spiralis is now located in the wall of the small intestine, they mate, and produce larvae 4—Larvae will be carried in the blood and stream to skeletal muscle o When larvae become localized in the muscle, it becomes encapsulated o The larvae access the bloodstream when they are deposited into the intestinal mucosa and spread enter the lymphatic vesselsblood . The larvae, since they are in the blood, can be lodged into various tissues: 1 Myocardium 2 Brain 3 CSF 4 Body cavities o When the larvae located in the skeletal muscle mature into adult worms, the skeletal muscle exhibit degenerative and inflammatory changes . Stages of Muscle Invason by Trichinella spiralis: 1 Fever 2 Facial Edema 3 Myalgia and Malaise 4 Peripheral Eosinophilia . Damage to muscle may cause difficulty in: 1 Eye movement 2 Breathing 3 Chewing 4 Swallowing 5 Speech 6 Movement of Extremities (UE/LE) AsturiaNOTES
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tissue Nematode: Trichenella Spiralis
    Tissue nematode: Trichenella spiralis Introduction Trichinella spiralis is a viviparous nematode parasite, occurring in pigs, rodents, bears, hyenas and humans, and is liable for the disease trichinosis. It is occasionally referred to as the "pork worm" as it is characteristically encountered in undercooked pork foodstuffs. It should not be perplexed with the distantly related pork tapeworm. Trichinella species, the small nematode parasite of individuals, have an abnormal lifecycle, and are one of the most extensive and clinically significant parasites in the whole world. The adult worms attain maturity in the small intestine of a definitive host, such as pig. Each adult female gives rise to batches of live larvae, which bore across the intestinal wall, enter the blood stream (to feed on it) and lymphatic system, and are passed to striated muscle. Once reaching to the muscle, they encyst, or become enclosed in a capsule. Humans can become infected by eating contaminated pork, horse meat, or wild carnivorus animals such as cat, fox, or bear. Epidemology Trichinosis is a disease caused by the worm. It occurs around most parts of the world, and infects majority of humans. It ranges from North America and Europe, to Japan, China and Tropical Africa. Morphology Males of T. spiralis measure about1.4 and 1.6 mm long, and are more flat at anterior end than posterior end. The anus is seen in the terminal position, and they have a large copulatory pseudobursa on both the side. The females of T. spiralis are nearly twice the size of the males, and have an anal aperture situated terminally.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 5: Emerging Parasitic Helminths Part 2: Tissue Nematodes
    Readings-Nematodes • Ch. 11 (pp. 290, 291-93, 295 [box 11.1], 304 [box 11.2]) • Lecture 5: Emerging Parasitic Ch.14 (p. 375, 367 [table 14.1]) Helminths part 2: Tissue Nematodes Matt Tucker, M.S., MSPH [email protected] HSC4933 Emerging Infectious Diseases HSC4933. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2 Monsters Inside Me Learning Objectives • Toxocariasis, larva migrans (Toxocara canis, dog hookworm): • Understand how visceral larval migrans, cutaneous larval migrans, and ocular larval migrans can occur Background: • Know basic attributes of tissue nematodes and be able to distinguish http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside- these nematodes from each other and also from other types of me/toxocariasis-toxocara-roundworm/ nematodes • Understand life cycles of tissue nematodes, noting similarities and Videos: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside- significant difference me-toxocariasis.html • Know infective stages, various hosts involved in a particular cycle • Be familiar with diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathogenicity, http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me- &treatment toxocara-parasite.html • Identify locations in world where certain parasites exist • Note drugs (always available) that are used to treat parasites • Describe factors of tissue nematodes that can make them emerging infectious diseases • Be familiar with Dracunculiasis and status of eradication HSC4933. Emerging Infectious Diseases 3 HSC4933. Emerging Infectious Diseases 4 Lecture 5: On the Menu Problems with other hookworms • Cutaneous larva migrans or Visceral Tissue Nematodes larva migrans • Hookworms of other animals • Cutaneous Larva Migrans frequently fail to penetrate the human dermis (and beyond). • Visceral Larva Migrans – Ancylostoma braziliense (most common- in Gulf Coast and tropics), • Gnathostoma spp. Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma “creeping eruption” ceylanicum, • Trichinella spiralis • They migrate through the epidermis leaving typical tracks • Dracunculus medinensis • Eosinophilic enteritis-emerging problem in Australia HSC4933.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Donald L. Price Center for Parasite Repository and Education College of Public Health, University of South Florida
    Dr. Donald L. Price Center For Parasite Repository and Education College of Public Health, University of South Florida PRESENTS Sources of Infective Stages and Modes of Transmission of Endoparasites Epidemiology is the branch of science that deals with the distribution and spread of disease. How diseases are transmitted, i.e. how they are passed from an infected individual to a susceptible one is a major consideration. Classifying and developing terminology for what takes place has been approached in a variety of ways usually related to specific disease entities such as viruses, bacteria, etc. The definitions that follow apply to those disease entities usually classified as endoparasites i.e. those parasites that reside in a body passage or tissue of the definitive host or in some cases the intermediate host. When the definition of terms for the “Source of Infection” or “Mode of Infection” relate to prevention and/or control of an endoparasitic disease, they should be clearly described. For the source of infection, the medium (water, soil, utensils, etc.) or the host organism (vector, or intermediate host) on which or in which the infective stage can be found should be precisely identified. For the mode of transmission, the precise circumstances and means by which the infective stage is able to come in contact with, enter, and initiate an infection in the host should be described. SOURCE OF INFECTION There are three quite distinct and importantly different kinds of sources of the infective stage of parasites: Contaminated Sources, Infested Sources, and Infected Sources. CONTAMINATE SOURCES Contaminated Source, in parasitology, implies something that has come in contact with raw feces and is thereby polluted with feces or organisms that were present in it.
    [Show full text]
  • A Parasite of Red Grouse (Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus)
    THE ECOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TRICHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS (NEMATODA), A PARASITE OF RED GROUSE (LAGOPUS LAGOPUS SCOTICUS) A thesis submitted to the University of Leeds in fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By HAROLD WATSON (B.Sc. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) Department of Pure and Applied Biology, The University of Leeds FEBRUARY 198* The red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus I ABSTRACT Trichostrongylus tenuis is a nematode that lives in the caeca of wild red grouse. It causes disease in red grouse and can cause fluctuations in grouse pop ulations. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to study aspects of the ecology of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis, and also certain aspects of the pathology and immunology of red grouse and chickens infected with this nematode. The survival of the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis was found to decrease as temperature increased, at temperatures between 0-30 C? and larvae were susceptible to freezing and desiccation. The lipid reserves of the infective-stage larvae declined as temperature increased and this decline was correlated to a decline in infectivity in the domestic chicken. The occurrence of infective-stage larvae on heather tips at caecal dropping sites was monitored on a moor; most larvae were found during the summer months but very few larvae were recovered in the winter. The number of larvae recovered from the heather showed a good correlation with the actual worm burdens recorded in young grouse when related to food intake. Examination of the heather leaflets by scanning electron microscopy showed that each leaflet consists of a leaf roll and the infective-stage larvae of T.tenuis migrate into the humid microenvironment' provided by these leaf rolls.
    [Show full text]
  • New Aspects of Human Trichinellosis: the Impact of New Trichinella Species F Bruschi, K D Murrell
    15 REVIEW Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pmj.78.915.15 on 1 January 2002. Downloaded from New aspects of human trichinellosis: the impact of new Trichinella species F Bruschi, K D Murrell ............................................................................................................................. Postgrad Med J 2002;78:15–22 Trichinellosis is a re-emerging zoonosis and more on anti-inflammatory drugs and antihelminthics clinical awareness is needed. In particular, the such as mebendazole and albendazole; the use of these drugs is now aided by greater clinical description of new Trichinella species such as T papuae experience with trichinellosis associated with the and T murrelli and the occurrence of human cases increased number of outbreaks. caused by T pseudospiralis, until very recently thought to The description of new Trichinella species, such as T murrelli and T papuae, as well as the occur only in animals, requires changes in our handling occurrence of outbreaks caused by species not of clinical trichinellosis, because existing knowledge is previously recognised as infective for humans, based mostly on cases due to classical T spiralis such as T pseudospiralis, now render the clinical picture of trichinellosis potentially more compli- infection. The aim of the present review is to integrate cated. Clinicians and particularly infectious dis- the experiences derived from different outbreaks around ease specialists should consider the issues dis- the world, caused by different Trichinella species, in cussed in this review when making a diagnosis and choosing treatment. order to provide a more comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. SYSTEMATICS .......................................................................... Trichinellosis results from infection by a parasitic nematode belonging to the genus trichinella.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health Significance of Intestinal Parasitic Infections*
    Articles in the Update series Les articles de la rubrique give a concise, authoritative, Le pointfournissent un bilan and up-to-date survey of concis et fiable de la situa- the present position in the tion actuelle dans les do- Update selectedfields, coveringmany maines consideres, couvrant different aspects of the de nombreux aspects des biomedical sciences and sciences biomedicales et de la , po n t , , public health. Most of santepublique. Laplupartde the articles are written by ces articles auront donc ete acknowledged experts on the redigeis par les specialistes subject. les plus autorises. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 65 (5): 575-588 (1987) © World Health Organization 1987 Public health significance of intestinal parasitic infections* WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE' Intestinal parasitic infections are distributed virtually throughout the world, with high prevalence rates in many regions. Amoebiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infection and trichuriasis are among the ten most common infections in the world. Other parasitic infections such as abdominal angiostrongyliasis, intestinal capil- lariasis, and strongyloidiasis are of local or regional public health concern. The prevention and control of these infections are now more feasible than ever before owing to the discovery of safe and efficacious drugs, the improvement and sim- plification of some diagnostic procedures, and advances in parasite population biology. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT The amount of harm caused by intestinal parasitic infections to the health and welfare of individuals and communities depends on: (a) the parasite species; (b) the intensity and course of the infection; (c) the nature of the interactions between the parasite species and concurrent infections; (d) the nutritional and immunological status of the population; and (e) numerous socioeconomic factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Systems Metabolic Effects of a <Italic>Necator Americanus</Italic> Infection in Syrian Hamster
    Systems Metabolic Effects of a Necator americanus Infection in Syrian Hamster Yulan Wang,†,* Shu-Hua Xiao,‡ Jian Xue,‡ Burton H. Singer,§ Ju¨rg Utzinger,# and Elaine Holmes| State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China, Office of Population Research, Princeton University, 245 Wallace Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom Received May 4, 2009 Hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) are blood-feeding intestinal nematodes that infect ∼700 million people worldwide. To further our understanding of the systems metabolic response of the mammalian host to hookworm infection, we employed a metabolic profiling strategy involving the combination of 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of urine and serum and multivariate data analysis techniques to investigate the biochemical consequences of a N. americanus infection in the hamster. The infection was characterized by altered energy metabolism, consistent with hookworm- induced anemia. Additionally, disturbance of gut microbiotal activity was associated with a N. americanus infection, manifested in the alterations of microbial-mammalian cometabolites, including phenylacetylglycine, p-cresol glucuronide, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenylpropionic acid, hippurate, 4-hydroxyphenylactate, and dimethylamine. The correlation between worm burden and metabolite concentrations also reflected a changed energy metabolism and gut microbial state.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitic Contaminants in Food
    SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH PARASITIC CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD Malinee T Anantaphruti Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. There is a wide variety of food products that may be contaminated with one or more parasites and consequently enabling transmission to human beings. The prevalence of specific parasites in food supplies varies between countries and regions. Sources of food-borne products contaminated with parasites are pigs, cattle, fish, crabs, crayfish, snails, frogs, snakes and aquatic plants. One of the major factors influencing the prevalence of parasitic infections in the population is the habit, and traditional popularity of eating raw or inadequately cooked foods. The parasites that may be acquired by eating these foods are nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and protozoa. The major genera of parasites are Trichinella, Gnathostoma, Angiostrongylus, Anisakis, Paragonimus, Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma, Taenia, Spirometra and Toxoplasma. These food-borne parasitic infections are public health problems worldwide. The contamination of food affects many including humans, livestock industry, agriculture, and food manufacturing and processing. Unsafe foods must be condemned and destroyed. Today there is increasing travel hence there is the risk of humans’ acquiring food-borne parasitic infections through eating native food often raw. Moreover, the consumption of imported livestock and foods, especially from endemic areas of food-borne parasitic zoonoses, can be the cause of infection. Awareness should be heightened wherever and whenever raw or inadequately cooked food are consumed. INTRODUCTION Since these parasitic infections are highly prevalent in the Asian region, this paper places its emphasis on the Food safety is important to enable humans to attain existence of helminths in foods in many Asian a better quality of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Protein-Losing Enteropathy Secondary to Intestinal Capillariasis – a Case Report from Singapore Sim Jean¹, Sim HC James², Chien MF Jaime¹
    Protein-losing Enteropathy secondary to Intestinal Capillariasis – a case report from Singapore Sim Jean¹, Sim HC James², Chien MF Jaime¹ ¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital. ²Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital Email address: [email protected] Background Magnetic resonance imaging enterography revealed distal jejunal and Intestinal infection due to Capillaria philipinensis causes chronic proximal ileal mural thickening (see below). Random biopsies of diarrhea and malabsorption with cases reported mainly from jejunum showed Philippines and Thailand. Untreated disease has devastating distortion of small consequences and carries a substantial mortality. bowel architecture with active chronic enteritis, We present the first reported case of intestinal capillariasis in significant eosinophilia Singapore. and parasitic organisms Results (see left). A 32 year old male foreign worker, with no significant medical In view of the above, a search for strongyloides hyperinfection history, presented with bilateral lower limb swelling and 18 was performed. Serology for strongyloides and HTLV-I/II and months of watery, non-bloody, non-mucoid diarrhea associated He underwent esophagoduodenoscopy and colonoscopy that were strongyloides PCR performed on the biopsy tissue were negative. with weight loss of 17kg. He did not have fever, chills, facial macroscopically normal. Double balloon enterography revealed Slides were reviewed in conjunction with the histopathologist. In swelling, frothy urine, joint pains or rash. He was not on long term moderate to severe enteritidis from mid-jejunum to ileum with friable view of his epidemiological exposure, histological appearance of medications. He originated from northern Philippines, Ilocos Sur mucosa (see below). the parasite and negative strongyloides tests, we found the province and relocated to Singapore in 2011 working as an aircraft diagnosis consistent with intestinal capillariasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Appendix for Parasitic Diseases Seventh Edition
    Clincal Appendix for the Seventh Edition Parasitic Diseases Despommier Griffin Gwadz Hotez Knirsch Parasites Without Borders, Inc. NY Dickson D. Despommier, Daniel O. Griffin, Robert W. Gwadz, Peter J. Hotez, Charles A. Knirsch Clinical Appendix for Parasitic Diseases Seventh Edition see full text of Parasitic Diseases Seventh Edition for references Parasites Without Borders, Inc. NY The organization and numbering of the sections of the clinical appendix is based on the full text of the seventh edition of Parasitic Diseases. Dickson D. Despommier, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Public Health (Parasitology) and Microbiology, The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University in the City of New York 10032, Adjunct Professor, Fordham University Daniel O. Griffin, M.D., Ph.D. CTropMed® ISTM CTH© Department of Medicine-Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York, New York, NY 10032, ProHealth Care, Plainview, NY 11803. Robert W. Gwadz, Ph.D. Captain USPHS (ret), Visiting Professor, Collegium Medicum, The Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland, Fellow of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Fellow of the Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Chevalier of the Nation, Republic of Mali Peter J. Hotez, M.D., Ph.D., FASTMH, FAAP, Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine, Professor, Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital Endowed Chair of Tropical Pediatrics, Co-Director, Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baker Institute Fellow in Disease and Poverty, Rice University, University Professor, Baylor University, former United States Science Envoy Charles A.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Serodiagnosis of Trichinellosis by ELISA Using Excretory–Secretory
    Sun et al. Parasites & Vectors (2015) 8:484 DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-1094-9 RESEARCH Open Access Early serodiagnosis of trichinellosis by ELISA using excretory–secretory antigens of Trichinella spiralis adult worms Ge-Ge Sun, Zhong-Quan Wang*, Chun-Ying Liu, Peng Jiang, Ruo-Dan Liu, Hui Wen, Xin Qi, Li Wang and Jing Cui* Abstract Background: The excretory–secretory (ES) antigens of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) are the most commonly used diagnostic antigens for trichinellosis. Their main disadvantage for the detection of anti-Trichinella IgG is false-negative results during the early stage of infection. Additionally, there is an obvious window between clinical symptoms and positive serology. Methods: ELISA with adult worm (AW) ES antigens was used to detect anti-Trichinella IgG in the sera of experimentally infected mice and patients with trichinellosis. The sensitivity and specificity were compared with ELISAs with AW crude antigens and ML ES antigens. Results: In mice infected with 100 ML, anti-Trichinella IgG were first detected by ELISA with the AW ES antigens, crude antigens and ML ES antigens 8, 12 and 12 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. In mice infected with 500 ML, specific antibodies were first detected by ELISA with the three antigen preparations at 10, 8 and 10 dpi, respectively. The sensitivity of the ELISA with the three antigen preparations for the detection of sera from patients with trichinellosis at 35 dpi was 100 %. However, when the patients’ sera were collected at 19 dpi, the sensitivities of the ELISAs with the three antigen preparations were 100 % (20/20), 100 % (20/20) and 75 % (15/20), respectively (P < 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Parasites 1: Trematodes and Cestodes
    Learning Objectives • Be familiar with general prevalence of nematodes and life stages • Know most important soil-borne transmitted nematodes • Know basic attributes of intestinal nematodes and be able to distinguish these nematodes from each other and also from other Lecture 4: Emerging Parasitic types of nematodes • Understand life cycles of nematodes, noting similarities and significant differences Helminths part 2: Intestinal • Know infective stages, various hosts involved in a particular cycle • Be familiar with diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathogenicity, Nematodes &treatment • Identify locations in world where certain parasites exist Presented by Matt Tucker, M.S, MSPH • Note common drugs that are used to treat parasites • Describe factors of intestinal nematodes that can make them emerging [email protected] infectious diseases HSC4933 Emerging Infectious Diseases HSC4933. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2 Readings-Nematodes Monsters Inside Me • Ch. 11 (pp. 288-289, 289-90, 295 • Just for fun: • Baylisascariasis (Baylisascaris procyonis, raccoon zoonosis): Background: http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside-me/baylisascaris- [box 11.1], 298-99, 299-301, 304 raccoon-roundworm/ Video: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-baylisascaris- [box 11.2]) parasite.html Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis, the threadworm): Background: http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside-me/strongyloides- • Ch. 14 (p. 365, 367 [table 14.1]) stercoralis-threadworm/ Videos: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-threadworm.html http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-strongyloides-threadworm.html Angiostrongyliasis (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm): Background: http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside- me/angiostrongyliasis-rat-lungworm/ Video: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-rat-lungworm.html HSC4933.
    [Show full text]