Miconia Calvescens

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Miconia calvescens Velvet tree, miconia, purple plague Miconia calvescens DC Family: Melastomataceae Description: Tall, branched tree, to 45 ft tall. Leaves large, opposite, to 3 ft long, ovate, appear velvety, green on upper surface, purple below, 3 longitudinal veins con- nected by many lateral veins give a checked appearance. Flowers in upright terminal clusters, tan, not showy. Fruits small, dark blue with many seeds. Miconia, mean- ing not known; calvescens, without hairs(5, 70). Distribution: Native to tropical America. Occurs in wetter forests and disturbed sites in Hämäkua, Puna, and Kona, Hawai‘i; East Maui; Oÿahu; and Wailua, Kauaÿi. Environmental impact: Miconia is considered by many natural area managers as being Hawai‘i’s most threatening weed. Brought to Hawai‘i from Central America in the late 1950s as an ornamental, this highly Management: Smaller saplings easy to grub out by invasive tree rapidly naturalized and spread. Nearly all hand. Sensitive to triclopyr ester in foliar applications mesic and wet Hawaiian forests (>60 inches of rain per (E. Tamura, HDOA), applied to cut surfaces and as basal year) are potentially threatened if invasion is left un- bark treatments, and also to glyphosate applied to cut checked. A single mature plant can produce millions of surfaces(50). Thin-line application of undiluted triclopyr seeds per year that are spread by birds or in soil on shoes, ester effective. Biocontrol agents from Latin America equipment, or the hooves of ungulates. Miconia toler- are being evaluated for control of velvet tree. A fungus ates shade and forms dense stands with heavy shade that (Colletotrichum gloesporioides f. sp. miconiae) has been replace native species, alter habitats, and may contrib- established on Hawai‘i and Maui, where it has caused ute to soil erosion. A serious forest pest in Tahiti and Sri leaf spotting and early leaf drop (Pat Conant, HDOA). Lanka, where it forms dense stands that displace other plants. This is an excerpt from Weeds of Hawai‘i’s Pastures and Natural Areas; An Identification and Management Guide by P. Motooka et al. ©2003, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa..

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Status, Ecology, and Management of the Invasive Plant, Miconia Calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) in the Hawaiian Islands1
Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1996. Bishop 23 Museum Occasional Papers 48: 23-36. (1997) Status, Ecology, and Management of the Invasive Plant, Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) in the Hawaiian Islands1 A.C. MEDEIROS2, L.L. LOOPE3 (United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Haleakala National Park Field Station, P.O. Box 369, Makawao, HI 96768, USA), P. CONANT (Hawaii Department of Agriculture, 1428 South King St., P.O. Box 22159, Honolulu, HI 96823, USA), & S. MCELVANEY (Hawaii Natural Heritage Program/The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, 1116 Smith St., Suite 201, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA) Abstract Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae), native to montane forests of the neotropics, has now invaded wet forests of both the Society and Hawaiian Islands. This tree, which grows up to 15 m tall, is potentially the most invasive and damaging weed of rainforests of Pacific islands. In moist conditions, it grows rapidly, tolerates shade, and produces abundant seed that is effectively dispersed by birds and accumulates in a large, persistent soil seed-bank. Introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in 1961, M. calvescens appears to threaten much of the biological diversity in native forests receiving 1800–2000 mm or more annual precipitation. Currently, M. calvescens is found on 4 Hawaiian islands— Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, and Kauai. Widespread awareness of this invader began in the early 1990s. Although biological control is being pursued, conventional control techniques (mechanical and chemical) to contain and eradicate it locally are underway. Introduction The effects of biological invasions are increasingly being recognized for their role in degradation of biological diversity worldwide (Usher et al., 1988; D’Antonio & Vitousek, 1992).
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HEAR HNIS Report on Miconia Calvescens
Saturday, March 29, 1997 HNIS Report for Miconia calvescens Page 1 A product of the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk Project Miconia calvescens DC. Miconia calvescens, in the melastome family (Melastomataceae), is a tree 4-15 m tall with large (to 80 cm in length), strongly trinerved leaves, dark-green above and purple below. Federal Noxious Weed? N Hawaii State Noxious Weed? Y Federal Seed Act? N Hawaii State Seed Act? N [illustration source: unknown] Native to where : The native range of Miconia calvescens extends from 20 degrees N in Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize to 20 degrees S in Brazil and Argentina (Meyer 1994). The upper elevational limit of the species in its native range is 1830 m in Ecuador (Wurdack 1980). Meyer (1994) determined that the form with very large leaves with purple leaf undersides occurs only in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa Rica; specimens examined by Meyer were collected at elevations between 45 m and 1400 m. Native climate : The climate in which Miconia calvescens occurs is tropical montane. Based on its ecology in Tahiti and its occurrence to 1830 m in Ecuador, it appears to pose a threat to all habitats below the upper forest line which receive 1800-2000 mm (75-80 inches) or more of annual precipitation. Biology and ecology : Phenology: Flowering and fruiting of mature trees in Miconia calvescens populations in Hawaii appear to be somewhat synchronized and may be triggered by weather events (drought and/or rain). A single tree can flower/fruit 2-3 times in a year. A single flowering/fruiting event is prolonged, and all stages and mature and immature fruits are often seen on a single tree.
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Epidemiology of the Invasion by Miconia Calvescens And
J.-Y. Meyer 4 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE INVASION BY MICONIA CALVESCENS AND REASONS FOR A SPECTACULAR SUCCESS ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIE DE L’INVASION PAR MICONIA CALVESCENS ET RAISONS D’UN SUCCÈS SPECTACULAIRE JEAN-YVES MEYER1, 2 1 Délégation à la Recherche, B.P. 20981 Papeete, Tahiti, POLYNÉSIE FRANÇAISE. 2 Cooperative National Park Resource Studies Unit, Botany Department, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HAWAI’I (USA). Miconia calvescens is a small tree native to rainforests of tropical America where it is uncommon. First described around 1850, it was introduced to European tropical greenhouses then distributed to tropical botanical gardens all over the world because of its horticultural success. M.c. was introduced as an ornamental plant in the Society Islands and the Hawaiian Islands and in 25-35 years became a dominant invasive plant in both archipelagoes. Small populations were recently discovered in the Marquesas Islands (Nuku Hiva and Fatu Iva) in 1997. M.c. is also naturalized in private gardens of New Caledonia and Grenada (West Indies), in tropical forests of Sri Lanka, and in the Queensland region in Australia. The survey of the epidemiology of invasion in Tahiti shows that M.c.’s extension was slow but continuous since its introduction in 1937. Hurricanes of 1982-83 played more a role of “revealer” rather than of “detonator” of the invasion. The lag phase observed between the introduction date and the observation of dense populations may be explained by the generation time of M.c.. Several hypothesis may explain the spectacular success of M.c.: (1) the characteristics of the invaded area; (2) the plant’s bio-ecological characteristics; (3) the “facilitation phenomenon“ and the “opportunities“.
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Heptacodium Miconioides
photograph © Peter Del Tredici, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University An old multi-stemmed specimen of Heptacodium miconioides growing in woodland on Tian Tai Shan, Zhejiang, September 2004, probably the first wild plant ofHeptacodium to be seen by a Western botanist since its discovery by Ernest Wilson in 1907. Heptacodium miconioides Rehder In his last ‘Tree of the Year’, JOHN GRIMSHAW discusses what distinguishes a shrub from a tree and writes about a large shrub introduced to cultivation first in the early twentieth century and again in the late twentieth century, that is rare in the wild. Introduction When the terms of reference for New Trees were drawn up (see pp. 1-2), having agreed that the book would contain only trees, we had to address the deceptive question ‘what is a tree?’ Most of us ‘can recognise a tree when we see one’ and in many ways this is as good an answer as one needs, but when is a woody plant not a tree? When it’s a shrub, of course – but what is a shrub? In the end we adopted the simple definitions that a tree ‘normally [has] a single stem reaching or exceeding 5 m in height, at least in its native habitat. A shrub would normally have multiple woody stems emerging from the base or close to the ground, and would seldom exceed 5 m in height’ (Grimshaw & Bayton 2009). In most cases this served to make a clear distinction, but one of the casualties that fell between the two stools was the Chinese plant Heptacodium miconioides, a significant recent introduction described by theFlora of China (Yang et al.
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Phylogeny and Classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae
Nord. J. Bot. - Section of tropical taxonomy Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecy laceae Susanne S. Renner Renner, S. S. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecy- laceae. - Nord. J. Bot. 13: 519-540. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107-055X. A systematic analysis of the Melastomataceae, a pantropical family of about 4200- 4500 species in c. 166 genera, and their traditional allies, the Memecylaceae, with c. 430 species in six genera, suggests a phylogeny in which there are two major lineages in the Melastomataceae and a clearly distinct Memecylaceae. Melastomataceae have close affinities with Crypteroniaceae and Lythraceae, while Memecylaceae seem closer to Myrtaceae, all of which were considered as possible outgroups, but sister group relationships in this plexus could not be resolved. Based on an analysis of all morph- ological and anatomical characters useful for higher level grouping in the Melastoma- taceae and Memecylaceae a cladistic analysis of the evolutionary relationships of the tribes of the Melastomataceae was performed, employing part of the ingroup as outgroup. Using 7 of the 21 characters scored for all genera, the maximum parsimony program PAUP in an exhaustive search found four 8-step trees with a consistency index of 0.86. Because of the limited number of characters used and the uncertain monophyly of some of the tribes, however, all presented phylogenetic hypotheses are weak. A synapomorphy of the Memecylaceae is the presence of a dorsal terpenoid-producing connective gland, a synapomorphy of the Melastomataceae is the perfectly acrodro- mous leaf venation. Within the Melastomataceae, a basal monophyletic group consists of the Kibessioideae (Prernandra) characterized by fiber tracheids, radially and axially included phloem, and median-parietal placentation (placentas along the mid-veins of the locule walls).
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MELASTOMATACEAE 野牡丹科 Ye Mu Dan Ke Chen Jie (陈介 Chen Cheih)1; Susanne S
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Miconia Calvescens Global Invasive
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Miconia calvescens Miconia calvescens System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Myrtales Melastomataceae Common name miconia (English), cancer vert (English), cancer vert (French), velvet tree (English), purple plague (English), bush currant (English) Synonym Miconia magnifica , Triana 1871 Cyanophyllum magnificum , Groenland 1859 Similar species Summary Miconia calvescens is a small tree native to rainforests of tropical America where it primarily invades treefall gaps and is uncommon. Miconia is now considered one of the most destructive invaders in insular tropical rain forest habitats in its introduced range. It has invaded relatively intact vegetation and displaces native plants on various islands even without habitat disturbance. Miconia has earned itself the descriptions “green cancer of Tahiti\" and “purple plague of Hawaii\". More than half of Tahiti is heavily invaded by this plant. Miconia has a superficial root system which may make landslides more likely. It shades out the native forest understorey and threatens endemic species with extinction. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Miconia calvescens is a woody invasive shrubby tree capable of reaching 15m in height; however the majority of specimens in the Society Islands are 6 to 12m tall, with slender, vertical stems (Meyer 1996). The leaves are opposite, elliptic to obovate, usually 60 to 70 cm long (sometimes up to one meter long). A prominent feature of the leaves is the three prominent longitudinal veins. The bicolorous form of the plant has dark green leaves on top with iridescent purple undersides. The inflorescence is a large panicle comprised of 1000 to 3000 white or pink flowers.
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Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (M
applied sciences Article Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (M. malabathricum Linn Smith, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties Nur Fauwizah Azahar 1, Siti Salwa Abd Gani 2,* , Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan 3, Paiman Bawon 4 and Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi 5 1 Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400 UPM, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 Department of Agriculture Technology,Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Malaysia 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 Department of Forest Production, Faculty of Forestry,Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Malaysia; [email protected] 5 Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; m_izuaneff[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +60-389-474-945; Fax: +60-389-381-015 Received: 19 August 2020; Accepted: 15 September 2020; Published: 8 October 2020 Abstract: In this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design (SCMD) approach was used to select the optimal proportions of three different Melastomataceae leaves species (M. malabathricum, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) extracts to determine the optimum antioxidant activities of total phenolic compound (TPC) and ABTS (2, 20-azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activities. Twelve experimental designs were set up, consisting of points that were equally weighted mixtures of 0 to 1 components, which were pure blends (1, 0, ::: , 0), binary blends (1/2, 1/2, 0, ::: , 0), tertiary blends (1/3, 1/3, 1/3, 0, ::: , 0), and a control point.
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Universidade Estadual De Campinas Instituto De
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA JULIA MEIRELLES FILOGENIA DE Miconia SEÇÃO Miconia SUBSEÇÃO Seriatiflorae E REVISÃO TAXONÔMICA DO CLADO ALBICANS (MELASTOMATACEAE, MICONIEAE) PHYLOGENY OF Miconia SECTION Miconia SUBSECTION Seriatiflorae AND TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF THE ALBICANS CLADE (MELASTOMATACEAE, MICONIEAE) CAMPINAS 2015 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA Dedico ao botânico mais importante da minha vida: Leléu. Por tudo. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço formalmente as agências que concederam as bolsas de estudos sem as quais seria impossível o desenvolvimento deste trabalho ao longo dos últimos 4 anos e meio: CAPES (PNADB e PDSE), CNPQ (programa REFLORA) e NSF (EUA) no âmbito do projeto PBI Miconieae por financiar o trabalho em campo e herbários na Amazônia e também a parte molecular apresentada no Capítulo I. Foram tantas as pessoas que me acompanharam nessa jornada ou que felizmente cruzaram o meu caminho ao decorrer dela, que não posso chegar ao destino sem agradecê-las... O meu maior agradecimento vai ao meu orientador sempre presente Dr. Renato Goldenberg que desde o mestrado confiou em meu trabalho e compartilhou muito conhecimento sobre taxonomia, Melastomataceae e às vezes, até mesmo vida. Sem o seu trabalho, seu profissionalismo e a sua paciência esta tese jamais seria possível. Agradeço pelo tempo que dedicou em me ajudar tanto a crescer como profissional e também como pessoa. Agradeço muito ao meu co-orientador Dr. Fabián Michelangeli por todos os ensinamentos e ajudas no período de estágio sanduíche no Jardim Botânico de Nova Iorque. Todo o seu esforço em reunir e compartilhar bibliografias, angariar recursos e treinar alunos (no quais eu me incluo) tem feito toda a diferença na compreensão da sistemática de Melastomataceae e deixado frutos de inestimável valor.
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Managing Miconia Calvescens in Hawaii: Biology and Host Specificity of Cryptorhynchus Melastomae, a Potential Biological Control Agent
Session 5 Prospects for Weed Biological Control in Pacific Islands 247 Managing Miconia calvescens in Hawaii: Biology and Host Specificity of Cryptorhynchus melastomae, a Potential Biological Control Agent E. Raboin, S. Brooks, F. Calvert and M. T. Johnson USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Volcano, Hawaii, USA [email protected] Abstract Cryptorhynchus melastomae Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a stem boring weevil from Costa Rica under evaluation as a potential biological control agent for the invasive tree miconia, Miconia calvescens DC. (Melastomataceae). Adult C. melastomae feed externally on miconia foliage and stems, and larvae bore stems. Under lab rearing the life cycle of C. melastomae averages 218 days from egg deposition until death. Eggs hatch within two weeks; larvae undergo rapid growth for the first 70 days and pupate around day 111. Adult eclosion occurs at day 140, and the mean adult lifespan is 75 days, although it is not unusual for adults to survive 4-6 months. Adults reach sexual maturity at one month, and females lay large eggs at a rate of 3-6 per week up until death. Larval feeding can result in death of the distal portion of stem, and adult feeding can severely impact growing tips and leaf veins. Thirty two plant species, including a variety of natives and non-natives within the order Myrtales, were tested to assess potential non-target impacts of this weevil. No-choice and multi-choice tests with adult C. melastomae revealed a host range restricted to melastomes (family Melastomataceae), all of which are invasive weeds in Hawaii.
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Federal Register/Vol. 64, No. 171/Friday, September 3, 1999/Rules and Regulations
Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 171 / Friday, September 3, 1999 / Rules and Regulations 48307 is consistent with statutory Dated: August 18, 1999. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: requirements. Section 203 requires EPA Felicia Marcus, Robert Hayne, Mass Media Bureau (202) to establish a plan for informing and Regional Administrator, Region IX. 418±2177. advising any small governments that Part 52, chapter I, title 40 of the Code SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a may be significantly or uniquely of Federal Regulations is amended as synopsis of the Memorandum Opinion impacted by the rule. follows: and Order in MM Docket No. 91±259, EPA has determined that the approval adopted June 17, 1999, and released action promulgated does not include a PART 52Ð[AMENDED] June 21, 1999. The full text of this Federal mandate that may result in decision is available for inspection and estimated annual costs of $100 million 1. The authority citation for part 52 copying during normal business hours or more to either State, local, or tribal continues to read as follows: in the FCC's Reference Information governments in the aggregate, or to the Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. Center at Portals II, CY±A257, 445 12th private sector. This Federal action 2. Section 52.220 is amended by Street, SW, Washington, D.C. The approves pre-existing requirements adding paragraph (c)(247) to read as complete text of this decision may also under State or local law, and imposes follows: be purchased from the Commission's no new requirements. Accordingly, no copy contractor, International additional costs to State, local, or tribal § 52.220 Identification of plan.
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Taxonomía Y Rangos De Distribución Altitudinal De Miconia Ruiz & Pav
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN AGUSTÍN DE AREQUIPA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE BIOLOGÍA Taxonomía y rangos de distribución altitudinal de Miconia Ruiz & Pav. (Melastomataceae) en cuatro sectores del Santuario Histórico de Machupicchu, Cusco. Tesis presentada por la Bachiller SMILSA MONTESINOS ROBLES para optar el título profesional de BIÓLOGA Asesor: Ms. Cs. Blgo. Víctor Quipuscoa Silvestre AREQUIPA- PERÚ 2018 JURADO DICTAMINADOR ____________________________ PRESIDENTE Dr. Benjamín José Dávila Flores ________________________________ _________________________________ SECRETARIO INTEGRANTE Blgo. Luis Norberto Villegas Paredes Ms. Cs. Blgo. Victor Quipuscoa Silvestre ii ____________________________________ Ms. Cs. Blgo. Víctor Quipuscoa Silvestre C.B.P. 2484 ASESOR iii Dedicatoria Dedicado a mí Papá, en cada nueva aventura te llevare siempre conmigo, mil gracias por tu amor, Vinicio. iv AGRADECIMIENTOS Al INSTITUTO CIENTIFICO MICHAEL OWEN DILLON (IMOD), por brindarme las facilidades para ejecutar el presente trabajo de investigación. A mi Asesor de tesis, Ms. Cs. Víctor Quipuscoa, por sus acertados comentarios para la elaboración del presente trabajo de investigación y su gran ejemplo como botánico. Al Sr. Macario Zuñiga Turpa, por su invaluable ayuda en la elaboración del presente trabajo de investigación, su tiempo, su gran amistad desinteresada, por compartir conmigo la palabra de Dios, por sus palabras de apoyo que siempre me alegraron y levantaron el ánimo para continuar el difícil camino de la vida. Al Ing. Julio Cabrera Espíritu, por su gran apoyo en campo, su amistad sincera, y su infaltable animosidad para seguir recolectando, a Daissy Rodriguez Pinto su tiempo y apoyo en campo. A mis amigas Andrea y Raquel por su apoyo fraterno, y a los miembros de la familia IMOD.
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