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Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring Their Elimination
Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination A GUIDE FOR PROGRAMME MANAGERS Third edition Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination A GUIDE FOR PROGRAMME MANAGERS Third edition WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination : a guide for programme managers. – 3rd ed. 1.Iodine – deficiency. 2.Nutrition disorders – prevention and control. 3.Sodium chloride, Dietary – therapeutic use. 4.Nutrition assessment. 5.Nutrition policy – standards. 6.Guidelines. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 (NLM classification: WK 250) This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts, and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization. © World Health Organization 2007 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncom- mercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organi- zation concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authori- ties, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. -
Universidade Estadual De Campinas Faculdade De Engenharia De Alimentos Naice Eleidiane Santana Monteiro Evaluation of Probiotics
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DE ALIMENTOS NAICE ELEIDIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO EVALUATION OF PROBIOTICS ON INFLUENCE IN THE ABSORPTION AND PRODUCTION OF SOY ISOFLAVONES METABOLITES IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CLIMATERIC SYMPTOMATOLOGY AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DE PROBIÓTICOS NA ABSORÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE METABÓLITOS DE ISOFLAVONAS DA SOJA EM MULHERES MENOPAUSADAS COM SINTOMATOLOGIA CLIMATÉRICA CAMPINAS 2018 NAICE ELEIDIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO EVALUATION OF PROBIOTICS ON INFLUENCE IN THE ABSORPTION AND PRODUCTION OF SOY ISOFLAVONES METABOLITES IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CLIMATERIC SYMPTOMATOLOGY AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DE PROBIÓTICOS NA ABSORÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE METABÓLITOS DE ISOFLAVONAS DA SOJA EM MULHERES MENOPAUSADAS COM SINTOMATOLOGIA CLIMATÉRICA Thesis presented to School of Food Engineering of University of Campinas as part of the requirements for PhD in Food and Nutrition in Experimental Nutrition and Applied to Food Technology area. Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Alimentos e Nutrição na Área de Nutrição Experimental e aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos. ORIENTADOR: GABRIELA ALVES MACEDO COORIENTADOR: ADRIANA ORCESI PEDRO CAMPANA ESTE EXEMPLAR CORRESPONDE A VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA NAICE ELEIDIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO, E ORIENTADA PELA PROFª. DRª. GABRIELA ALVES MACEDO. CAMPINAS 2018 BANCA EXAMINADORA DA DEFESA DE DOUTORADO NAICE ELEIDIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO MEMBROS: 1. PROF. DR. GABRIELA ALVES MACEDO - PRESIDENTE - (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS) 2. PROF. DR. ANA LUCIA TASCA GOIS RUIZ (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS) 3. PROF. DR. JOELISE DE ALENCAR FIGUEIRA ANGELOTTI (UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ALFENAS) 4. PROF. DR. LOUISE EMY KUROZAWA (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS) 5. -
Interaction Between the Effects of the Selective Estrogen Modulator Femarelle and a Vitamin D Analog in Human Umbilical Artery V
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsbmb Interaction between the effects of the selective estrogen modulator femarelle and a vitamin D analog in human umbilical artery vascular smooth muscle cells ⁎ Dalia Somjen , Esther Knoll, Orli Sharon, Ariel Many, Naftali Stern Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: To further investigate the interaction between vitamin D system and estrogen-mimetic compounds in the human Vascular smooth muscle cells vasculature we studied the effect of the “less- calcemic” analog of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D); JK 1624F2-2 (JKF) in Femarelle the presence of selective estrogen modulator femarelle (F), the phytoestrogen daidzein (D) and estradiol-17b (E2) 1,25D on 3[H] thymidine incorporation (DNA synthesis) and creatine kinase specific activity (CK) in human umbilical JKF artery vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). F, D and E , stimulated DNA synthesis at low concentrations, and 1OHase 2 inhibited it at high concentrations. All estrogen-related compounds increased CK dose- dependently. Daily treatment with JKF (1 nM for 3 days) resulted in decreased DNA synthesis, increased CK and up- regulation of the stimulation of DNA synthesis by low estrogen-related hormones whereas D- and E2- mediated inhibition of cell proliferation was abolished by JKF. In contrast, inhibition of cell proliferation by F could not be blocked by JKF. JKF also up-regulated the stimulatory effects on CK by F, E2 and D. -
Early Effects of Iodine Deficiency on Radial Glial Cells of the Hippocampus of the Rat Fetus
Early effects of iodine deficiency on radial glial cells of the hippocampus of the rat fetus. A model of neurological cretinism. J R Martínez-Galán, … , G Morreale de Escobar, A Ruiz-Marcos J Clin Invest. 1997;99(11):2701-2709. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119459. Research Article The most severe brain damage associated with thyroid dysfunction during development is observed in neurological cretins from areas with marked iodine deficiency. The damage is irreversible by birth and related to maternal hypothyroxinemia before mid gestation. However, direct evidence of this etiopathogenic mechanism is lacking. Rats were fed diets with a very low iodine content (LID), or LID supplemented with KI. Other rats were fed the breeding diet with a normal iodine content plus a goitrogen, methimazole (MMI). The concentrations of -thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'triiodo-- thyronine (T3) were determined in the brain of 21-d-old fetuses. The proportion of radial glial cell fibers expressing nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein was determined in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. T4 and T3 were decreased in the brain of the LID and MMI fetuses, as compared to their respective controls. The number of immature glial cell fibers, expressing nestin, was not affected, but the proportion of mature glial cell fibers, expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein, was significantly decreased by both LID and MMI treatment of the dams. These results show impaired maturation of cells involved in neuronal migration in the hippocampus, a region known to be affected in cretinism, at a stage of development equivalent to mid gestation in humans. -
Evolution of Hypothyroidism in Familialgoitre Due to Deiodinase
Postgraduate Medical Journal (1986) 62, 477-480 Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.62.728.477 on 1 June 1986. Downloaded from Evolution ofhypothyroidism in familial goitre due to deiodinase deficiency: report of a family and review ofthe literature Harry J. Hirsch, Shmuel Shilo and Irving M. Spitz Department ofEndocrinology andMetabolism, Shaare Zedek Hospital and Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel and The Centerfor Biomedical Research, The Population Council, New York, N. Y., USA Summary: We studied two sisters who developed large non-toxic goitres in adolescence. Deiodinase deficiency was diagnosed by a rapid thyroid uptake ofradioactive iodine (RAI) at 2 hours associated with a marked fail in thyroidal 131I by 24 hours. Serial RAI scans in the second patient documented evolution of the iodine-deficient state. Conservation of intra-thyroidal iodine stores was maintained by avid iodine uptake and failure to release organified 1311. With progressive loss of inorganic iodine, hypothyroidism developed, associated with a rise in serum TSH which further exacerbated the loss of iodine. Treatment with L-thyroxine resulted in an improvement ofthyroid function, but normalization was achieved only after small doses of Lugol's iodine were administered. These studies illustrate the variable nature and late onset ofan inborn error ofthyroid metabolism. This family supports an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for deiodinase deficiency. We have documented progression from a euthyroid to hypothyroid state resulting from decompensation of iodine conservation mechanisms. copyright. Introduction We have studied two sisters who developed large non- The mean ± s.d. basal TSH levels in 14 female controls toxic goitres in adolescence. -
Role of Thyroid Hormones in the Development of Gonadal Sex, External Morphology and Intestinal System of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)
ROLE OF THYROID HORMONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GONADAL SEX, EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY AND INTESTINAL SYSTEM OF ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) by PRAKASH SHARMA, B.S., M.S. A Dissertation In BIOLOGY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved Dr. Reynaldo Patiño Chair of Committee Dr. Gregory D. Mayer Dr. James Carr Dr. Lauren Gollahon Dr. Nathan Collie Dr. Richard Strauss Dominick Joseph Casadonte Dean of the Graduate School December, 2012 Copyright 2012, Prakash Sharma Texas Tech University, Prakash Sharma, December 2012 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I am privileged to thank Dr. Reynaldo Patiño, my major advisor and mentor for his guidance and encouragement which have been of immense support. He has been there to help and extend his guidance, anywhere, anytime, even at wee hours despite his busy schedule. Through him, I have not only picked up skills and a sense of responsibility, but also a whole new level of dedication. It is definitely a lifetime opportunity to have worked with an efficient and resourceful scientist like him. I am honored to thank my Committee Members for their enthusiasm to scrutinize my research. Thanks to Drs. Gregory D. Mayer, James Carr, Lauren Gollahon, Nathan Collie, and Richard Strauss. Their suggestions, ideas and information on the analysis of my study were of great significance. I could not have asked for a better cooperating team. Also, a million thanks to Dr. Gregory D. Mayer for supporting and guiding me immensely throughout my research program and for allowing me the opportunity to work in his lab. -
Iodine Deficiency
Holistic Medicine for the 21st Century David Brownstein, M.D. Center for Holistic Medicine 5821 W. Maple Rd. Ste. 192 West Bloomfield, MI 48322 248.851.1600 www.drbrownstein.com Leo Tolstoy “I know that most men, including those at ease with problems of the greatest complexity, can seldom accept even the simplest and most obvious truth if it would oblige them to admit to the falsity of conclusions they have delighted in explaining to their colleagues.” Medical Iodophobics Claim Iodine Causes…. • AIT • Hypothyroidism (IIH) • Hyperthyroidism • Brain Melting • Locusts, frogs, plague, darkness, and more • See Passover “Don’t Take Iodine!” Medical Iodophobia “Medical iodophobia is the unwarranted fear of using and recommending inorganic, non- radioactive iodine/iodide within the range known from the collective experience of three generations of clinicians to be the safest and most effective amounts for treating symptoms and signs of iodine/iodide deficiency (12.5- 50mg/day).” Dr. G. Abraham, 2004 Thyroid Nodules and Iodine • Both benign and malignant thyroid nodules have significantly less iodine than normal thyroid tissue Benign thyroid nodules contain 56% of the iodine content as compared to normal thyroid tissue Malignant thyroid nodules contain 3% of the iodine content as compared to normal thyroid tissue Analyst. March 1995, Vol. 120 Periodic Table History of Iodine • Discovered in 1811 • First used by Dr. William Prout (1816) in London for a patient with goiter J. Royal Soc. Of Med. 2011;104:15-18 History of Iodine • Birth of western -
Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Management of Vasomotor Symptoms: a Narrated Review
Central Journal of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity Review Article Corresponding authors Orkun Tan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology Hormonal and Non-Hormonal and Infertility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390 and ReproMed Fertility Center, 3800 San Management of Vasomotor Jacinto Dallas, TX 75204, USA, Tel: 214-648-4747; Fax: 214-648-8066; E-mail: [email protected] Submitted: 07 September 2013 Symptoms: A Narrated Review Accepted: 05 October 2013 Orkun Tan1,2*, Anil Pinto2 and Bruce R. Carr1 Published: 07 October 2013 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology Copyright and Infertility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA © 2013 Tan et al. 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, ReproMed Fertility Center, USA OPEN ACCESS Abstract Background: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flashes, hot flushes) are the most common complaints of peri- and postmenopausal women. Therapies include various estrogens and estrogen-progestogen combinations. However, both physicians and patients became concerned about hormone-related therapies following publication of data by the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study and have turned to non-hormonal approaches of varying effectiveness and risks. Objective: Comparison of the efficacy of non-hormonal VMS therapies with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or ERT combined with progestogen (Menopausal Hormone Treatment; MHT) and the development of literature-based guidelines for the use of hormonal and non-hormonal VMS therapies. Methods: Pubmed, Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register Database and Scopus were searched for relevant clinical trials that provided data on the treatment of VMS up to June 2013. -
Applying SERMS to Advance the Management of Menopause
Applying SERMS to Advance the Management of Menopause Lila Nachtigall, MD NCMP Professor of Ob/Gyn NYU School of Medicine Disclosures I have nothing to disclose SERMs •Selective •Estrogen •Receptor •Modulators The Dynamics of Estrogen & Estrogen Receptors ▪ Estrogen regulates the growth, development, and physiology of the reproductive system ▪ The biological functions of estrogen are mediated by binding to Estrogen Receptors (ER) which our found in most of the female body’s tissues ▪ In each target tissue the ERs have specific characteristics, providing a certain response within the tissue Short & Long-Term Effect of Hormone Depletion Brain & nervous system Skin Heart Breast Reproductive Tract Urinary System • ERs are found in most Bone of the female body’s tissues • Tremendous impact on • Estrogen decline affects short & long term QoL of all tissues women Effect of estrogen depletion in the Brain & Nervous System • Estrogen affects the autonomic control, the emotional state, and higher brain functions; • Reduction in estrogen levels leads to: – Mood swings – Memory loss – Problems focusing – Irritability – Fatigue – Hot flashes & night sweats – Stress & Anxiety – Depression – Decreased libido KNDy Neurons Szeliga A,Gennazzani AD Gynecological Endocrinology, 34:11, 913-919, DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1480711 Szeliga A,Gennazzani AD Gynecological Endocrinology, 34:11, 913-919, DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1480711 The Need Symptoms/Time Line The decline in estrogen levels in women leads to a chronic hormonal imbalance which accompanies women -
Copyright Undertaking
Copyright Undertaking This thesis is protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. By reading and using the thesis, the reader understands and agrees to the following terms: 1. The reader will abide by the rules and legal ordinances governing copyright regarding the use of the thesis. 2. The reader will use the thesis for the purpose of research or private study only and not for distribution or further reproduction or any other purpose. 3. The reader agrees to indemnify and hold the University harmless from and against any loss, damage, cost, liability or expenses arising from copyright infringement or unauthorized usage. IMPORTANT If you have reasons to believe that any materials in this thesis are deemed not suitable to be distributed in this form, or a copyright owner having difficulty with the material being included in our database, please contact [email protected] providing details. The Library will look into your claim and consider taking remedial action upon receipt of the written requests. Pao Yue-kong Library, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong http://www.lib.polyu.edu.hk CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TISSUE-SELECTIVITY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE (TCM)-DERIVED PHYTOESTROGEN AND THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS INVOLVED ZHOU LIPING Ph.D The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 2017 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Characterization of the Tissue-selectivity of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-derived Phytoestrogen and the Possible Mechanisms Involved ZHOU Liping A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2016 I Certificate Originality I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it reproduces no material previously published or written, nor material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. -
Incidence of Amiodarone-Induced
Med Pregl 2011; LXIV (11-12): 533-538. Novi Sad: novembar-decembar. 533 Helath Center Zaječar Originalni naučni rad Nuclear Medicine Services1 Original study Internal Medicine Services2 UDK 616.441-008:615.222.06 DOI: 10.2298/MPNS1112533A INCIDENCE OF AMIODARONE-INDUCED THYROID DYSFUNCTION AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR THEIR OCCURRENCE INCIDENCIJA AMIODARONOM INDUKOVANIH TIROIDNIH DIFUNCKIJA I PREDIKTIVNI FAKTORI ZA NJIHOV NASTANAK Željka ALEKSIĆ1 and Aleksandar ALEKSIĆ2 Summary – Amiodarone treatment is associated with the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction. The aim was to determine the incidence of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunctions and the influence of gender, age, treatment duration, goiter, thyroid antibodies, thyroid echo- genicity and family history on their appearance. Of 248 consecutive patients, 144 males and 104 females, referred to thyroid status screen- ing, 16% were with clinical dysfunction, 21% with sub-clinical dysfunction and 63% were euthyroid. The presence of goiter and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were the significant individual predictive factors for the occurrence of clinical dysfunction, and in the multivariate regression model, the presence of goiter was a significant predictive factor with the prognostic value of 80%. For sub-clinical dysfunction, the significant individual predictive factors were female gender and the presence of goiter, as well as in the multivariate regression model, with the prognostic value of 74.5% for female gender and 77.5 % for the presence of goiter. It is necessary to check the thyroid status both before and during amiodarone treatment. Administration of other anti-arrhythmic drugs and/or more frequent check-ups of the thyroid sta- tus should be taken into consideration in patients at higher risk, i.e. -
Kosttilskud Med Planteøstrogener
VIDENSKAB Kosttilskud med planteøstrogener Anja Olsen1, Cecilie Kyrø1, Peter Schwarz2, Peter Vestergaard3, Øjvind Lidegaard4, Pernille Hermann5, Bente Langdahl6, Jens-Erik Beck Jensen7, Bo Abrahamsen8 & Torben Harsløf6 Planteøstrogener (PØ) er plantestoffer, hvis kemiske ler i forbindelse med medicinsk behandling, særligt an STATUSARTIKEL struktur ligner estradiols. PØ kan binde til østrogen tiøstrogenbehandling af kvinder, som er blevet opere 1) Kost, gener og miljø, receptorα og β og være både antagonistiske og agoni ret for brystkræft. Center for Kræft- stiske [1]. I litteraturen er PØ associeret til gavnlige forskning, Kræftens effekter ved en lang række sygdomme. Formålet med PROSTATA Bekæmpelse 2) Medicinsk denne artikel er at beskrive evidensen for brug af PØ i I 2002 blev IF i et review beskrevet som præventiv mod Endokrinologisk Klinik, forhold til sygdomme og gener ved faldende endogen nonmalign prostatahyperplasi uden en overbevisende Rigshospitalet kønshormonproduktion samt at diskutere sikkerheden klinisk baseret evidens [3]. Undersøgelser, som er ud 3) Hormon- og ved brug af PØ. ført på aromataseknockoutmus, der udvikler livslang stofskiftesygdomme, Aalborg Universitets- Der findes generelt tre typer PØ: isoflavonoider prostatavækst, viser dog, at IF sænker niveauerne af te hospital (IF), lignaner og coumestaner (Figur 1) [2]. Lignaner stosteron og dihydrotestosteron [4]. I et samtidigt lille 4) Juliane Marie Centret, findes i de fleste fiberrige fødevarer såsom frø, fuldkorn studie på rotter, som var blevet fodret med IF, fandtes Rigshospitalet og grove grøntsager og indgår dermed i den daglige øget østrogenreceptor β (ERβ)produktion, øget Ecad 5) Endokrinologisk Afdeling, Odense kost. IF findes primært i sojabønner både i ukonjugeret herin og mindsket transforming growth factor β, og det Universitetshospital form (aglykoner) og som glykosidkonjugater.