Universidade Estadual De Campinas Faculdade De Engenharia De Alimentos Naice Eleidiane Santana Monteiro Evaluation of Probiotics

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Universidade Estadual De Campinas Faculdade De Engenharia De Alimentos Naice Eleidiane Santana Monteiro Evaluation of Probiotics UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DE ALIMENTOS NAICE ELEIDIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO EVALUATION OF PROBIOTICS ON INFLUENCE IN THE ABSORPTION AND PRODUCTION OF SOY ISOFLAVONES METABOLITES IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CLIMATERIC SYMPTOMATOLOGY AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DE PROBIÓTICOS NA ABSORÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE METABÓLITOS DE ISOFLAVONAS DA SOJA EM MULHERES MENOPAUSADAS COM SINTOMATOLOGIA CLIMATÉRICA CAMPINAS 2018 NAICE ELEIDIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO EVALUATION OF PROBIOTICS ON INFLUENCE IN THE ABSORPTION AND PRODUCTION OF SOY ISOFLAVONES METABOLITES IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH CLIMATERIC SYMPTOMATOLOGY AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DE PROBIÓTICOS NA ABSORÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE METABÓLITOS DE ISOFLAVONAS DA SOJA EM MULHERES MENOPAUSADAS COM SINTOMATOLOGIA CLIMATÉRICA Thesis presented to School of Food Engineering of University of Campinas as part of the requirements for PhD in Food and Nutrition in Experimental Nutrition and Applied to Food Technology area. Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Alimentos e Nutrição na Área de Nutrição Experimental e aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos. ORIENTADOR: GABRIELA ALVES MACEDO COORIENTADOR: ADRIANA ORCESI PEDRO CAMPANA ESTE EXEMPLAR CORRESPONDE A VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA NAICE ELEIDIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO, E ORIENTADA PELA PROFª. DRª. GABRIELA ALVES MACEDO. CAMPINAS 2018 BANCA EXAMINADORA DA DEFESA DE DOUTORADO NAICE ELEIDIANE SANTANA MONTEIRO MEMBROS: 1. PROF. DR. GABRIELA ALVES MACEDO - PRESIDENTE - (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS) 2. PROF. DR. ANA LUCIA TASCA GOIS RUIZ (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS) 3. PROF. DR. JOELISE DE ALENCAR FIGUEIRA ANGELOTTI (UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ALFENAS) 4. PROF. DR. LOUISE EMY KUROZAWA (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS) 5. PROF. DR. MARCELO LUIS STEINER (FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DA FUNDAÇÃO ABC) Ata da defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no SIGA/Sistema de Fluxo de Dissertação/Tese e na Secretaria do Programa da Unidade. Data: DATA DA DEFESA [03/12/2018] Dedicatória À minha avó, Leontina, pelo contínuo apoio e incentivo, por ser meu refúgio e exemplo de amor incondicional. Dedico! Agradecimentos À Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), e ao programa de pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição da Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, pela oportunidade de aprimoramento pessoal e profissional. À Profª. Dra. Gabriela Alves Macedo pelo apoio, amizade, ensinamentos e principalmente pelas oportunidades e desafios lançados que me instigaram a ir além. À Profª. Dra. Adriana Orcesi Pedro Campana pelo privilégio de ser sua aluna, seu acolhimento e presença em todos os momentos, bem como seus conhecimentos, foram essenciais a produção desta tese. À Dra. Danielle Branta Lopes Chirotto, pela amizade e ensinamentos sobre cromatografia gasosa e por sempre estar disposta a ajudar. Aos Técnicos Alessandra Coelho, Francisco Carraro e Carla Greghi, pelo auxílio nos laboratórios de Bioprocessos, Laboratório Central e Laboratório de Compostos bioativos, respectivamente. A todos os professores e colegas do curso de pós-graduação do Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição da Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Agradeço a todos os colegas do Laboratório de Bioprocessos, e em especial ao grupo da soja (Lívia Dias, Danielle Branta, Amanda Àvila e Lariele Rotoli) pela partilha de conhecimento, receptividade e auxílio ao longo do curso. À Ana Elisa Ribeiro, por compartilhar comigo a execução desta pesquisa, seu apoio e amizade ao longo do estudo foram fundamentais. A querida Érica Oki, amiga desde a graduação, que fez parte de tantas conquistas e momentos marcantes de minha formação. Que eu possa sempre contar com o privilégio de sua amizade. Ao Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher – CAISM/UNICAMP, pela oportunidade de conduzir o estudo em suas dependências. Ao curso de pós-graduação do Departamento de Tocoginecologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, pela contribuição em minha formação e possibilidade de expansão do meu trabalho de doutorado. Em especial, agradeço a Profª. Dra. Lucia Helena Simões da Costa Paiva pelas contribuições ao longo de estudo. Aos colaboradores do Ambulatório de Menopausa do CAISM-Unicamp, pelo auxílio ao longo do ensaio clínico. Ao Setor de Ecografia do CAISM-Unicamp e ao Serviço de Medicina Nuclear do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp (HC) pelas contribuições a este estudo. Agradecimento especial ao Dr. Rodrigo Jales e a Dra. Anna Valéria Gueldini de Moraes pela condução prática das ecografias e as Biomédicas Edna e Viviana pela execução das densitometrias ósseas. Aos setores de estatística da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) e CAISM-UNICAMP, em especial ao estatístico Helymar pela dedicação nas análises e presteza em nos auxiliar. A empresa Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica, pela doação da terapia hormonal (Suprelle®). Ao Aché laboratório farmacêutico, pela doação do fitoestrógeno (Soyfemme®). O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível superior – BRASIL (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) pelo apoio ao projeto (Processo 2016/08089-9). Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela bolsa de doutorado concedida. Aos Professores da banca examinadora pelas valiosas contribuições ao aprimoramento do trabalho. Meus sinceros agradecimentos às mulheres que participaram deste estudo, pela colaboração, disponibilidade e principalmente por confiarem que minha pesquisa poderia trazer algum benefício à saúde da mulher no climatério. À minha família, por serem meu suporte emocional diário na realização desta empreitada. À Deus pelo dom da existência, iluminação e esperança diante das dificuldades. “Por que Dele, e por Ele, e para Ele são todas as coisas...”. Romanos 11:36 RESUMO O crescente interesse por alimentos com propriedades nutracêuticas têm colocado a soja em posição de destaque na prevenção e tratamento dos sintomas menopausais. Esta ação é principalmente atribuída as isoflavonas da soja que possuem efeitos favoráveis sobre os sintomas vasomotores e urogenitais, atuando como possível alternativa à terapia hormonal (TH). O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação de uma mistura comercial de isoflavonas de soja, na presença e ausência de probióticos, em parâmetros clínicos de mulheres menopausadas, buscando evidenciar possíveis alterações na produção de metabólitos das isoflavonas e na microbiota intestinal. Para tanto, foi conduzido um estudo prospectivo com 60 mulheres, agrupadas de forma aleatória em três grupos, de acordo com as medicações via oral: Grupo A (isoflavonas), que utilizou cápsulas de isoflavonas (150 mg/dia); Grupo B (Isoflavonas+Probióticos), que utilizou cápsulas de isoflavonas (150 mg/dia), associadas a um produto probiótico (2 g/dia), e Grupo C (Terapia Hormonal), que utilizou estradiol (1 mg/dia) associado ao acetato de noretisterona (0,5 mg/dia), sendo estabelecidos como critérios de inclusão para o estudo mulheres de 40 a 60 anos de idade, com data da última menstruação espontânea há pelo menos 12 meses, valores de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) superior a 40 mUI/mL e presença atual de sintomas de privação estrogênica. No período de 4 meses foram avaliados a intensidade dos sintomas do climatério por meio do questionário MRS (Menopause Rating Scale), acompanhamento das alterações ginecológicas (espessura endometrial), além de parâmetros clínicos, nutricionais e antropométricos, com coleta de sangue para as análises bioquímicas, urina para pesquisa dos metabólitos equol e O-DMA, e fezes para análise da microbiota intestinal, com intuito de se identificar os filos predominantes existentes na microbiota dos produtores de equol. No estudo prospectivo de 16 semanas, isoflavonas e isoflavonas acrescidas de probióticos mostraram-se efetivos para serem usados no alívio de sintomas da menopausa e possíveis contribuidores na modulação da microbiota intestinal, ao promoverem crescimento de microrganismos associados ao metabolismo de isoflavonas e produtores de equol, podendo ser uma indicação de tratamento para pessoas que não poderiam beneficiar-se naturalmente das isoflavonas (não produtores de equol). Isoflavonas, associadas ou não a probióticos, podem auxiliar no alívio da sintomatologia climatérica, um dos fatores associados é a produção de metabólitos mais bioativos, como o equol, cuja produção é dependente de uma complexa relação bidirecional entre isoflavonas e as bactérias colonizadoras do trato gastrointestinal do indivíduo. A terapia hormonal também se mostrou capaz de modificar a microbiota intestinal, sugerindo uma importante relação entre estrógenos e microbiota intestinal. Palavras chave: menopausa, terapia hormonal, isoflavonas, probióticos, microbiota intestinal, sintomas vasomotores. ABSTRACT The growing interest in foods with nutraceutical properties has placed soybeans in the prevention and treatment of menopausal symptoms, mainly due to the ability of their isoflavones to induce favorable effects on vasomotor and urogenital symptoms, acting as a possible alternative to hormonal therapy. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the action of a commercial mixture of soy isoflavones, in the presence and absence of probiotics, in clinical parameters of menopausal women,
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