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Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report

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Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report Natural Environment Research Council BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY .- c.- Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report t- F- -- - -- ‘1- This report relates to work carried out by the British Geological UnedAro\wg Daearegol cymlu Survey on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry. The information contained herein must not be published without Wales Geologica\ Survey Un\t I reference to the Director, Briiish Geological Survey. Bryn Eithyn Ha\\ llanfarian 0. Slater Aberystwyth 923 4i3Y Programme Manager Mineral Reconnaissance Programme British Geological Survey 154 Clerkenwell Road London EC1 R 5DU I I I No. 73 Platinum-group element mineralisation in the Unst ophiolite, Shetland I I I I I , : BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Natural Environment Research Council Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report No. 73 Platinum-group element mineralisation in the Unst ophiolite, Shetland Geochemistry A. G. Gunn, BA, MSc - R. C. Leake, BSc, PhD Mineralogy M. T. Styles, BSc, PhD Contributor . J. H. Bateson, BSc, MIMM 0 NERC copyright 1985 A report prepared for the Department of Trade and industry Keyworth, Nottinghamshire 1985 ACKNORLEDGEMENTS Sincere thanks are due to the landonners'and residents of Unst for permission to enter and sork on the ground. We are particularly indebted to Hr M. Grantham, Mr S. Owers and Mr D. Sandison for their assistance and cooperation throughout the Rork. Re are very grateful to Dr R.N. Prichard of the Open University for introducing us to the local geology and f'or valuable information about the PGE mineralisation and discussions. He are especially indebted to her for showing us the location of chromite mineralisation containing PGtl near Harold's Grave and at Cliff. Thanks are also due to tIr D. Cameron (FIGS) and to T. Fletcher, J. Hawthorn, Ii. Shaw, N. Strutt and P. Ritch for assistance in the field. Diagrams Mere prepared in the FIGS Drawing Office at KeyRorth. 8 Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Reports 66 Mineral reconnaissance surveys in the Craven Basin 67 Baryte and copper mineralisation in the Renfrewshire Hills, 8 31 Geophysical investigations in the Closehouse-Lunedale central Scotland area 68 Polymetallic mineralisation in Carboniferous rocks at 32 investigations at Polyphant, near Launceston, Cornwall Hilderston, near Bathgate, central Scotland 33 Mineral investigations at Carrock Fell, Cumbria. Part 1 - 69 Base metal mineralisation associated with Ordovician shales in 8 Geophysical survey south-west Scotland 34 Results of a gravity survey of the south-west margin of 70 Regional geochemical and geophysical surveys in the Berwyn Dartmoor, Devon Dome and adjacent areas, North Wales 35 Geophysical investigation qf chromite-bearing ultrabasic 71 A regional geochemical soil investigation of the Carboniferous 8 rocks in the Baltasound-Hagdale area, Unst, Shetland Limestone areas south of Kendal (south Cumbria and north Islands Lancashire) 36 An appraisal of the VLF ground resistivity technique as an 72 A geochemical drainage survey of the Preseli Hills, south-west aid to mineral exploration 8 Dyfed, Wales 37 Compilation of stratabound mineralisation in the Scottish 73 Platinum-group element mineralisation in the Unst ophiolite, * Caledonides Shetland 36 Geophysical evidence for a concealed eastern extension of 1 the Tanygrisiau microgranite and its possible relationship, to mineralisation 39 Copper-bearing intrusive rocks at Cairngarroch Bay, south- west Scotland 1: 40 Stratabound barium-zinc mineralisation in Dalradian schist near Aberfeldy, Scotland; Final report 41 Metalliferous mineralisation near Lutton, Ivybridge, Devon 8 42 Mineral exploration in the area around Culvennan Fell, Kirkcowan, south-western Scotland 43 Disseminated copper-molybdenum mineralisation near Ballachulish, Highland Region 8 44 Reconnaissance geochemical maps of parts of south Devon and Cornwall 45 Mineral investigations near Bodmin, Cornwall. Part 2-New uranium, tin and copper occurrence in the Tremayne area of I St Columb Major 46 Gold mineralisation at the southern margin of the Loch Doon granitoid complex, south-west Scotland 47 An airborne geophysical survey of the Whin Sill between I Haltwhistle and Scats’ Gap, south Northumberland 48 Mineral investigations near Bodmin, Cornwall. Part 3-The Mulberry and Wheal Prosper area I 49 Seismic and gravity surveys over the concealed granite ridge at Bosworgy, Cornwall 50 Geochemical drainage survey of central Argyll, Scotland 51 A reconnaissance geochemical survey of Anglesey I 52 Miscellaneous investigations on mineralisation in sedimentary rocks 53 Investigation of polymetallic mineralisation in Lower 8 Devonian volcanics near Alva, central Scotland 54 Copper mineralisation near Middleton Tyas, North Yorkshire 55 Mineral exploration in the area of the Fore Burn igneous complex, south-western Scotland 8 56 Geophysical and geochemical investigations over the Long On 1 January 1984 the Institute of Geological Sciences was Rake, Haddon Fields, Derbyshire renamed the British Geological Survey. It continues to carry out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the 57 Mineral exploration in the Ravenstonedale area, Cumbria latter as an agency service for the government of Northern 58 Investigation of small intrusions in southern Scotland Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as its 8 basic research projects; it also undertakes programmes of 59 Stratabound arsenic and vein antimony mineralisation in Silurian greywackes at Glendinning, south Scotland British technical aid in geology in developing countries as arranged by the Overseas Development Administration. 60 Mineral investigations at Canock Fell, Cumbria. Part 2- Geochemical investigations I The British Geological Survey is a component body of the 61 Mineral reconnaissance at the Highland Boundary with Natural Environment Research Council. special reference to the Loch Lomond and Aberfoyle areas 62 Mineral reconnaissance in the Northumberland Trough I 63 Exploration for volcanogenic sulphide mineralisation at Benglog, North Wales Bibliographic reference Gunn, A. G., Leake, R. C., and Styles, M. T. 1985. Platinum- 64 A mineral reconnaissance of the Dent-lngleton area of the group element mineralisation in the Unst ophiolite, Shetland. Askrigg Block, northern England 8 Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Rep. Br. Geol. Surv., 65 Geophysical investigations in Swaledale, North Yorkshire No. 73. 8 CONTENTS Summary 1 Introduction 2 Previous investigations 4 Scope of present investigations 4 Physiography 6 Geology 8 General geology of Unst and Fetlar 8 Geology of the basic-ultrabasic rocks 8 The harzburgite unit 9 The dunite unit 10 The pyroxenite/xehrlite unit 11 The gabbro unit 12 Chromite mineralisation 13 Sulphide mineralisation 13 Alteration 14 Structure 16 Faulting and alteration zones 16 Detailed geology of Cliff area 17 Exploration 20 Analytical methods 20 Drainage geochemistry 22 Overburden sampling 33 Orientation 33 Overburden survey of Cliff area 37 Overburden sampling in other parts of harzburgite unit 56 Overburden sampling in the dunite and xehrlite/pyroxenite units 66 Rock sampling 72 Cliff area 72 Other parts of harzburgite unit 80 Dunite unit 83 Relationship between PGE and other elements 83 cumulate rocks 91 Mineralogical studies 91 Analytical method 91 Platinum group minerals (PGH) 91 Compositions of PGtl 92 Ni-Fe sulphides and arsenides 96 Compositions of Ni minerals 96 Chromite 97 Silicate minerals 97 Carbonates and other minerals 98 Genesis of PGE mineralisation 98 Recommendations for future work 102 Acknowledgements 104 References 105 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Compositions of sperrylite 109 Appendix 2: Compositions of stibiopalladinite and Pd-Sb-Te phases 110 Appendix 3: Compositions of laurite, hollingnorthite and Ph-Ir-As-S phases 111 Appendix 4: Compositions of pentlandite 112 Appendix 5: Compositions of Ni and Ni-Co sulphides 113 Appendix 6: Compositions of Ni arsenides 114 Appendix 7: Compositions of chromite 115 Appendix 8: Compositions of chlorite 116 Appendix 9: Compositions of serpentine minerals 116 FIGURES 1. Unst: Location map 3 2. Unst: Simplified geology 5 3. Location of survey areas 7 4. Geology of Cliff area 18 5. Distribution of drainage sample sites 23 6. Cr in drainage samples 25 7. Fe in drainage samples 26 8. Co in drainage samples 27 9. Ni in drainage samples 28 10. Cu in drainage samples 29 11. As in drainage samples 30 12. Au in drainage samples 31 13. Ir in drainage samples 32 14. Distribution of overburden sample sites in Cliff area 34 15. Comparison of element distributions in fine and panned heavy mineral fractions of overburden samples from line 150E at Cliff 36 16. HgO in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 38 17. SiOz in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 39 18, CaO in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 40 19. Cr in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 41 20. Fe in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 42 21. Co in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 43 22. Ni in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 44 23. Zn in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 45 24. As in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 46 25. Sb in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 47 26. Te and Bi in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 48 27. Ru in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 49 28. Rh in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 50 29. Pd in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 51 30. Ir in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 52 31. Pt in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 53 32. NiMgO in panned overburden samples from Cliff area 54 33. Element distribution in panned overburden samples from line 100E at Cliff 57 34. Element distribution in panned overburden samples from Quoys area 58 35. Element distribution in panned overburden samples from Quoys west area 59 36. The distribution of overburden sample sites in the Harold's Quarry area 60 37. CaO and XgO in panned overburden samples from Harold's Quarry area 61 38. Total Fe as Fe203 and Cr in panned overburden samples from Harold's Quarry area 62 39. As and Co in panned overburden samples from Harold's Quarry area 63 40. Ni and Ni/MgO in panned overburden samples from Harold's Quarry area 64 41.
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