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Shetland Islands Council Supplementary Guidance Onshore Wind Energy

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Shetland Islands Council Supplementary Guidance Onshore Wind Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): Environmental Report for Shetland Islands Council Supplementary Guidance Onshore Wind Energy July 2017 Shetland Islands Council Environmental Report Onshore Wind Energy SG Environmental Report Onshore Wind Energy SG TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface i Non-Technical Summary ii - xi 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 CONTEXT OF ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SG 1 1.1.1 Statutory Context for the SEA 1 1.1.2 Purpose of the Environmental Report 1 1.1.3 Sustainable Development 1 1.1.4 SEA Activities to Date 3 1.2 LAYOUT OF THE REPORT 4 2 APPRAISAL METHODOLOGY 5 2.1 INTRODUCTION 5 2.2 OVERALL APPROACH TO SEA 5 2.3 SEA GUIDANCE 5 2.4 SEA OBJECTIVES 6 2.5 SCOPING THE APPRAISAL 8 2.6 ASSESSMENT METHODS 8 2.7 RESPONSE TO STATUTORY CONSULTATION 13 2.7.1 Introduction 13 2.7.2 Historic Scotland 13 2.7.3 Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) 13 2.7.4 Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) 13 3 PLAN CONTEXT 14 3.1 INTRODUCTION 14 3.2 OUTLINE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SG 14 3.3 LINKS TO OTHER RELEVANT POLICIES, PLANS AND PROGRAMMES 14 4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 18 4.1 INTRODUCTION 18 4.2 CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 18 4.2.1 Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna 18 4.2.2 Population and Human Health 27 4.2.3 Soils and Geology 29 4.2.4 Water 31 4.2.5 Air Quality 39 4.2.6 Climatic Factors 40 4.2.7 Material Assets 40 4.2.8 Cultural Heritage 42 4.2.9 Landscape 44 4.3 CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 47 4.3.1 Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna 47 4.3.2 Population and Human Health 48 4.3.3 Water 49 4.3.4 Soils and Geology 50 4.3.5 Material Assets 51 4.3.6 Climatic factors 52 4.3.7 Air Quality 53 4.3.8 Cultural Heritage 53 4.3.9 Landscape and Seascape 54 4.4 FUTURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE ABSENCE OF THE ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SG 55 Environmental Report Onshore Wind Energy SG 5 ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION 62 5.1 INTRODUCTION 62 5.2 ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES 62 5.3 ASSESSMENT OF THE DRAFT ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SG AND PROPOSED MITIGATION 62 5.3.1 Introduction 62 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS 71 5.4.1 Positive Implications 71 5.4.2 Indirect Environmental Implications 73 5.5 POSSIBLE CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SG 73 5.6 PROPOSED MITIGATION 78 5.7 MONITORING 79 6 NEXT STEPS 81 6.1 PROPOSED STAGES 81 7 COMMENTS 81 ANNEXES 8 Annex A SEA Appraisal of Onshore Wind Energy SG Policies 82 9 Annex B Summary of Statutory Consultee Responses 92 10 Annex C SEA Scoping Report 101 11 Annex D Assessment of Cumulative Effects 157 Environmental Report Onshore Wind Energy SG SHETLAND ISLANDS COUNCIL SUPPLEMENTARY GUIDANCE: ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SEA ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT PREFACE This document is an updated SEA for the Onshore Wind Energy Supplementary Guidance (Onshore Wind SG), which is approved by Shetland Islands Council but not currently adopted). It is based upon the original SEA for the Council’s Wind Energy Development Interim Planning Policy (IPP) that was produced by Natural Capital in 2010. The reason why we have updated that original SEA, rather than undertaking a completely new assessment is based upon the following considerations: The Consultation Authorities1 agreed with the Council’s determination that there is no policy or proposal in Onshore Wind SG that would have a significant environmental effect that hasn’t already been considered as part of the SEA Environmental Report for Interim Planning Policy: Wind Energy Development. SEPA and SNH agreed with the Council’s determination that there was no need to prepare a further SEA for the Onshore Wind SG, however, HS (now HES) pointed out that the Council did not fully complete the SEA for the Council’s Wind Energy Development IPP because it did not adopt the SEA or produce a post-adoption statement. HES suggested that the SEA already commenced should be completed and the Council decided to follow that course. However, before proceeding to adopting the SEA and publishing the post-adoption statement, the Council concluded, in agreement with the consultation authorities, that it required updating. That process is now complete and this document incorporates current legislative and policy references as well as current baseline data. 1 Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) and Historic Environment Scotland (HES, formerly Historic Scotland, HS) i Environmental Report Onshore Wind Energy SG SHETLAND ISLANDS COUNCIL SUPPLEMENTARY GUIDANCE: ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SEA ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 STATUTORY CONTEXT FOR THE SEA The Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005 (the 2005 Act) is the statutory mechanism by which the requirements of the European Directive 2001/42/EC – “On the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment” (known as the Strategic Environmental Assessment or SEA Directive) are delivered in Scotland. The purpose of the SEA Directive is twofold. Firstly it aims to provide for a high level of protection of the environment and secondly ensure that environmental considerations are taken into account in the preparation and adoption of plans. This should promote sustainable development as part of the planning process. Current guidance (Scottish Government’s Strategic Environmental Assessment Guidance, 2013) confirms that SEA will be required for all plans and strategies that are likely to have a significant effect on the environment. Shetland Islands Council (SIC) recognises that the delivery of its Supplementary Guidance: Onshore Wind Energy (Onshore Wind Energy SG) Policies could, if not managed sustainably, result in significant impacts on the environment. It is therefore appropriate that a plan of this nature should be subject to SEA and appraised fully so that any possible negative effects can be mitigated and the positive effects strengthened as far as is possible. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT The purpose of this Environmental Report (ER) is to set out the findings of an environmental assessment of Shetland Islands Council Onshore Wind Energy SG. In accordance with Part 2 of the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005, the ER identifies, describes and evaluates the likely significant effects on the environment of implementing the Onshore Wind Energy SG and the reasonable alternatives that have been assessed. This report updates the SEA undertaken for the consultation on the Wind Energy Development Interim Planning Policy published in February 2010 (Natural Capital for Shetland Islands Council (February 2010) Interim Planning Policy: Wind Energy Development SEA Environmental Report). That report was provided for the Consultation Authorities and the general public during public consultation on the Interim Planning Policy: Wind Energy Development (Wind Energy Development IPP). The Onshore Wind Energy SG is the current expression of policy and guidance on Onshore Wind Energy that has developed from the Wind Energy Development IPP and is the result of further public consultations. ii Environmental Report Onshore Wind Energy SG 2 THE ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SG AND ITS CONTEXT 2.1 KEY INFORMATION Box NTS 1 Summarises the key information about the Onshore Wind Energy SG. Box NTS 1 Summary of Key Facts relating to the Onshore Wind Energy SG Name of Responsible Authority: Shetland Islands Council Title of Plan/Programme: Supplementary Guidance: Onshore Wind Energy What prompted the Plan: Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) requires all Planning Authorities to establish a spatial framework identifying those areas that are likely to be most appropriate for onshore wind farms as a guide for developers and communities; the Onshore Wind Energy SG provides that framework and associated guidance. Plan Subject: Sets the framework by which wind energy projects in Shetland will be developed. Period covered by Plan: Shetland Islands Council adopted the current Local Development Plan (LDP) in September 2014 and the LDP is due to be replaced in 2019. Plan Area: Shetland Islands Plan Purpose/Objectives: To provide location guidance; assessment criteria; a policy framework for S36 Energy Consultations; and guidance for micro-turbine schemes within Shetland Contact Point: Austin Taylor, Natural Heritage Officer, Planning Service, Shetland Islands Council 2.2 OUTLINE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ONSHORE WIND ENERGY SG The relevant Shetland Local Development Plan (LDP) Policy, Spatial Framework Policies and Development Criteria Policies Onshore Wind Energy SG are listed in Tables NTS 1and NTS 2below. These Policies are the drivers behind the Onshore Wind Energy SG and have shaped the development of the plan. The Environmental Report focuses on an assessment of these key features. Table NTS 1: Onshore Wind Energy SG Policies Policy LDP RE1 LDP RE1 Renewable Energy SG Spatial Policy 1 Areas where wind farms will not be acceptable SG Spatial Policy 2 Areas of Significant Protection SG Spatial Policy 3 Areas with potential for wind farm development Table NTS 2: Development Criteria Policies DC1 Landscape and Visual Impact DC2 Cumulative Impact DC3 Natural Heritage DC4 Impacts on communities DC5 Water Resources DC6 Decommissioning DC7 Historic Environment iii Environmental Report Onshore Wind Energy SG 3 UPDATING THE SEA - PROCESS 3.1 INTRODUCTION The approach to this update of the SEA for the 2010 Wind Energy IPP has followed a series of defined stages: Review of changes to relevant plans and programmes that were relevant to the preparation of the Onshore Wind Energy SG or that underpin the Onshore Wind Energy SG and which provide direction for the
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