Department of

POL 224Y1: in Comparative Perspective Course Outline Fall 2015 & Winter 2016 (Section L5101)

Class Time: Tuesdays, 6–8 PM Class Location: MS 3153 (Medical Sciences Building 3153)

Instructor: Prof. Ludovic Rheault Email: [email protected] Office Hours: Wednesdays, 3–5 PM Office Location: Sidney Smith 3005

Course Description This course introduces students to Canadian politics using a comparative approach. It pro- vides essential knowledge about the variety of political regimes around the world, with con- crete examples emphasizing the comparison of Canada with other countries. Topics covered include the evolution of democracies, political institutions, electoral systems, voting, ideology, the role of the state in the economy, as well as contemporary issues such as social policies, representation and inequalities. The objective of the course is twofold. First, the aim is for students to acquire practi- cal knowledge about the functioning of democracies and their implications for society, the Canadian society in particular. Second, the goal is to get acquainted with the core theories of political science. By extension, this implies becoming familiar with the scientific method, from the conception of theoretical arguments to data analysis and empirical testing. By the end of this course, students should have gained considerable expertise about politics and be more confident about their scientific skills.

Course Format The course comprises lectures given in class on Tuesdays, combined with tutorials chaired by teaching assistants (TAs) roughly every two weeks. The precise schedule for tutorials will be determined at the beginning of the course. Tutorials provide students with opportunities to participate actively in the discussions undertaken during the lectures, and to prepare for evaluations.

Contact Policy Questions about the course material can be asked on the Blackboard portal for the course or in person during my office hours. Emails should be used for administrative and formal purposes, as they are sub-optimal for providing feedback and tailored explanations. For questions regarding tutorial attendance or your grade on an assignment, please contact your TA first.

1 Marking Scheme Written Assignment #1 20% Due: November 17, 2015 Examination #1 25% December 2015 Exam Period Written Assignment #2 20% Due: March 15, 2016 Examination #2 25% April 2016 Exam Period Tutorial Participation 10% All year long

Readings Required ˆ Rand Dyck and Christopher Cochrane. 2013. Canadian Politics: Critical Approaches. 7th Ed. Toronto: Nelson Educa- tion. ◦ Available at the UofT Bookstore, online as an e-book, and at the Robarts Library in the Course Reserve. ◦ Abbreviated as DC below. ˆ Selected Readings on Blackboard. ◦ To complement the textbook and add a comparative dimension, a selection of relevant papers and book chapters will be made available electronically to students on the Blackboard page for this course. Copyright permissions have been obtained for those documents, and students are allowed to consult them freely. ◦ Those readings are numbered from #1 to #12 below. Optional ˆ William Roberts Clark, Matt Golder and Sona Nadenichek Golder. 2013. Principles Of Comparative Politics. 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage. ◦ Available at the Bookstore, online as an e-book, and at the Robarts Library in the Course Reserve. Other Useful General References ˆ P. Russell, F. Rocher, D. Thompson and L. White, Eds. 2010. Essential Readings in Canadian Government and Politics. Toronto: Emond Publishing. ˆ Mark Charlton and Paul Barker, Eds. 2012. Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues. Toronto: Nelson Education. ˆ James Bickerton and Alain-G. Gagnon, Eds. 2014. Canadian Politics. 6th Ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Evaluations Tutorial Participation Tutorials are designed to foster students’ involvement in the learning process, providing them with an opportunity to express positions on the topics discussed during lectures. The class will be divided in subgroups for tutorials, and students must attend the tutorial in which they are officially enrolled. Attendance to tutorials is required.

2 At the beginning of the course, each student will be asked to register as a presenter/debater for one of the topics to be addressed during tutorials. A typical tutorial starts with an intro- duction of the topic by the TA chairing the session. Then, students registered as presenters for that week will have a few minutes to express oral arguments in support of a position on that topic. All other participants are then invited to react to the main debaters’ arguments, to ask further questions, or to contribute to the discussion. Each student is expected to act as a debater at least once during the course. In line with the nature of this course, students are invited to make comparisons between countries to support a view. Unless specified otherwise, tutorials are expected to be on the following questions:

1. Should we reform the electoral system in Canada? 2. How to explain the outcome of the 2015 federal election? 3. Should we lower the legal age of voting to 16? 4. Should the Senate be reformed? Elected? Abolished? 5. Would Canada be better off with a presidential system? 6. Is the Canadian federation too decentralized? Or not enough? 7. Is there enough redistribution in Canada? Or too much? 8. Should we allow more privatization of the Canadian health care system? 9. How can a country deal with language/cultural diversity?

Students are evaluated based on their attendance to tutorials and their interventions (both as presenters and discussants). Students are not evaluated based on the merit of their positions on each question, but rather on the quality of their interventions and their ability to use rational arguments and empirical evidence to support their claims. Again, there is no schedule for tutorials in this version of the course outline. The schedule will be determined at the beginning of the course.

Written Assignments Written assignments are designed to assess students’ ability to conduct scientific research about social phenomena. The assignments consist of short reports (about 2,000–2,500 words, or 7–8 pages with standard fonts) addressing a research question related to the material examined during the course. Students may work alone or in groups of up to two individuals. An exhaustive list of suitable research questions for the two written assignments will be available to students on the course portal via Blackboard. Written assignments are submitted via the Turnitin.com service (see statement below). The late penalty is 2% of the assignment value per day, including weekends. Demands for appeal regarding a grade are to be justified in writing (250 words maximum) and submitted to a TA.

Turnitin.com Statement “Normally, students will be required to submit their course essays to Turnitin.com for a review of textual similarity and detection of possible plagiarism. In doing so, students will allow their essays to be included as source documents in the Turnitin.com reference database, where they will be used solely for the purpose of detecting plagiarism. The terms that apply to the Universitys use of the Turnitin.com service are described on the Turnitin.com web site.”

3 Examinations Examinations are divided in two parts. The first part contains true or false, multiple choice and short answer questions. The second part asks students to choose one among a set of essay questions. Three hours are allocated for each examination. The final examination is non-cumulative. Students who do not write the midterm examination should provide appropriate justifica- tions as per University policies (for instance, using the UofT Verification of Illness or Injury Form in the case of illness or injury). For final examinations, those demands are handled by the Faculty of Arts and Science directly.

“Explore It” Program This year, we are including a new element to the course: the Explore It program. This is a voluntary career exploration program that will allow you to meet with alumni from the Department of Political Science in their work environment, and to see firsthand how the skills and knowledge gained through this course are translated into a breadth of potential careers. Visits with alumni hosts will last from a half- to a full-day and can include up to eight students. Each experience will differ depending on the alumni host but in all cases, you see an alumnus’ career in action, can grow your network and will have the opportunity to consider your education in a wider context. An Explore It orientation will be scheduled around one of the early classes/tutorials introducing you to the program and showing you how to participate.

4 Class Schedule: Summary

Date Topic Evaluation Fall Semester September 15 The Origins and Evolution of Democracies I September 22 The Origins and Evolution of Democracies II September 29 Electoral Systems October 6 Political Ideologies and Party Systems October 13 Political Behaviour and Vote Choice I October 20 Political Behaviour and Vote Choice II October 27 Political Participation November 3 Research Methods in the Social Sciences November 10 [Reading Week — No Class] November 17 Federalism v. Unitary Systems Assignment 1 Due November 24 Parliamentary v. Presidential, Bicameralism December 1 The Policy-Making Process I December 8 The Policy-Making Process II December 11–22 Mid-Term Examination Mid-Term Exam Winter Semester January 12 Constitutions and Courts January 19 Schools of Political Economy January 26 Trade Policies and Capital Controls I February 2 Trade Policies and Capital Controls II February 9 Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization February 16 [Reading Week — No Class] February 23 Income Redistribution and Social Welfare March 1 Public Goods, Health and Education I March 8 Public Goods, Health and Education II March 15 Language and the “Quebec Question” Assignment 2 Due March 22 Gender, Multiculturalism and Representation March 29 Media and Interest Groups I April 5 Media and Interest Groups II April 12–29 Final Examination Final Exam

Note: Dates for each topic may be adjusted during the semester.

5 Class Schedule: Detailed Legend Each lecture is described with four entries. ˆ Key concepts: The key theories or substantive concepts important for that lecture. ˆ Required Readings: The required sections to read, prior to the attending the lecture. ˆ Structure of the Class: The chronology of the lecture. ˆ Additional References: Those are not required readings, but references mentioned during the lecture or seminal texts on the topic under study. They can be consulted to satisfy a student’s curiosity or personal interest in a specific topic, or as a starting point to survey the literature for written assignments.

Fall 2015 1 Introduction

1.1 September 15 & 22: The Origins and Evolution of Democracies ˆ Key Concepts: Origins of the State, Democratic Transition, Selectorate Theory. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #1: Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. 2013. “The Turning Point.” In Why Nations Fail. New York: Crown Business. Chapter 7, pp. 182– 212. ◦ DC: Chapter 2, “Institutional Foundations and the Evolution of the State.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Introduction to the course: The study of politics. 2. Historical context of the foundation of Canada. 3. Democratic v. autocratic regimes, Selectorate Theory. 4. A brief history of modern Canada. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Gary S. Becker. 1974. Crime and Punishment. National Bureau of Economic Research. ◦ Samuel P. Huntington. 1991. “Democracy’s Third Wave.” Journal of Democracy 2(2): 11-34. ◦ Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Alastair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson and James D. Morrow. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge: MIT Press. ◦ Dennis Mueller. 2003. “The Origins of the State.” In Public Choice III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ◦ Charles Tilly. 2007. Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ◦ Gregory Clark. 2009. “Introduction: The Sixteen-Page Economic History of the World.” In A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Chapter 1, pp. 1–16.

6 Tutorial #1: Introduction and registration for debates 2 Political Behaviour

2.1 September 29: Electoral Systems ˆ Key Concepts: Plurality Vote, Majority Rule, Majority Run-Off, Proportional Rep- resentation, Mixed Systems, Mechanical and Psychological Effects of Electoral Systems. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #2: Nils-Christian Bormann and Matt Golder. 2013. “Democratic Elec- toral Systems Around the World, 1946–2011.” Electoral Studies 32(2): 360-369. ◦ DC: Ch. 13, “Elections and the Electoral System.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. The majority rule. 2. Variety of electoral systems around the world. 3. Single v. multi-member districts. 4. The Canadian electoral system in a comparative perspective. 5. The impact of electoral systems. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Kenneth Arrow. 1951. Social Choice and Individual Values. New Haven: Yale University Press. ◦ Rein Taagepera and Matthew Soberg Shugart. 1989. Seats and Votes. New Haven: Yale University Press. ◦ Louis Massicotte and Andr´eBlais. 1996. “Electoral Systems.” In Lawrence LeDuc et al., Eds., Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective. Thousand Oaks: Sage. ◦ Gary Cox. 1997. Making Votes Count. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ◦ Elisabeth Carter and David M. Farrell. 2010. “Electoral Systems and Election Management.” In Lawrence LeDuc, Richard G. Niemi and , Eds., Comparing Democracies 3. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Chapter 2, pp. 25–44.

Tutorial #2: Should there be an electoral reform in Canada? 2.2 October 6: Political Ideologies and Party Systems ˆ Key Concepts: Social Cleavages, Duverger’s Law, Effective Number of Parties, To- ries/Whigs, Conservatism/Liberalism. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ DC: Chapter 14, “Political Parties and the Party System.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Political “families” around the world. 2. Theories on the formation of party systems. 3. The evolution of party systems in the UK and Canada. 4. Policy dimensions and the left-right scale. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Philip E. Converse. 1964. “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics.” In David E. Apter, Ed., Ideology and Discontent. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.

7 ◦ Seymour Martin Lippset and Stein Rokkan. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Align- ments: Cross-National Perspectives. New York: The Free Press. ◦ Rein Taagepera and Matthew Soberg Shugart. 1989. Seats and Votes. New Haven: Yale University Press. ◦ Gary Cox. 1997. Making Votes Count. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ◦ Richard Johnston. “Political Parties and the Electoral System.” In John C. Court- ney and David E. Smith, Eds., The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics . Ox- ford: Oxford University Press, pp. 208–225.

2.3 October 13 & 20: Political Behaviour and Vote Choice ˆ Key Concepts: Columbia and Michigan Schools, Party Identification, Proximity (Spa- tial) Model, Valence Model, Retrospective Voting. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #3: Larry Bartels. 2010. “The Study of Electoral Behavior.” In Jan E. Leighley, Ed., The Oxford Handbook of American Elections and Political Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 239–261. ◦ DC: Chapter 15, “The Election Campaign, Voting, and Political Participation.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Models of Vote Choice. 2. Interpreting statistical analysis. 3. Empirical examples. 4. The impact of electoral campaigns. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Anthony Downs. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row. ◦ Morris P. Fiorina. 1981. Restrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven: Yale University Press. ◦ Donald E. Stokes. 1992. “Valence Politics.” In Dennis Kavanagh, Ed., Electoral Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ◦ Bernard Grofman and Samuel Merrill III. 1999. A Unified Theory of Voting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ◦ Andr´eBlais, Elisabeth Gidengil, Richard Nadeau and Neil Nevitte. 2002. Anatomy of a Liberal Victory: Making Sense of the Vote in the 2000 Canadian Election. Peterborough: Broadview Press. ◦ Elisabeth Gidengil, Neil Nevitte, Andr´eBlais, Joanna Everitt and Patrick Fournier. 2012. Dominance and Decline: Making Sense of Recent Canadian Elections. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Tutorial #3: How to explain the outcome of the 2015 federal election? 2.4 October 27: Political Participation ˆ Key Concepts: Calculus of Voting, Paradox of Participation, Determinants of Turnout. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #4: Andr´eBlais. 2006. “What Affects Voter Turnout?” Annual Review of Political Science. 9: 111–125.

8 ◦ DC: Chapter 15, “The Election Campaign, Voting, and Political Participation.” (Continued) ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Turnout around the world. 2. Individual determinants of turnout. 3. Institutional determinants of turnout. 4. Other forms of participation. ˆ Additional References: ◦ William H. Riker and Peter Ordeshook. “A Theory of the Calculus of Voting.” American Political Science Review 62(1): 25-42. ◦ , Kay Lehman Schlozman and Henry Brady. 1995. Voice and Equal- ity: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ◦ Mark N. Franklin. 2004. Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies since 1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ◦ Robert M. Bond et al. 2012. “A 61-Million-Person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization.” Nature 489: 295-298.

3 Special Topic: The Scientific Method

3.1 November 3: Research Methods Workshop ˆ Key Concepts: Special class on the scientific method. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #5: Paul M. Kellstedt and Guy D. Whitten. 2013. “The Scientific Study of Politics.” In The Fundamentals of Political Science Research. 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1, pp. 1–23. ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. The scientific method. 2. Assumptions, theories and hypotheses. 3. Empirical research designs. 4. Logical fallacies. ˆ Additional References: ◦ William Roberts Clark, Matt Golder and Sona Nadenichek Golder. 2013. “What is Science?” In Principles Of Comparative Politics. 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage. ◦ Paul M. Kellstedt and Guy D. Whitten. 2013. The Fundamentals of Political Science Research. 2nd Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ◦ Gary King, Robert O. Keohane and Sidney Verba. 1994. Designing Social In- quiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton Univer- sity Press. ◦ Stanley Lieberson. 1991. “Small N’s and Big Conclusions: An Examination of the Reasoning in Comparative Studies Based on a Small Number of Cases.” Social Forces 70(2): 307–320.

Tutorial #4: Should we lower the legal age of voting to 16?

9 November 10: Reading Week—No Class

4 Political Institutions

4.1 November 17: Federalism v. Unitary Systems ˆ Written Assignment #1 Due ˆ Key Concepts: Federalism, Unitary system, Provinces, Local Governments. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #6: William Roberts Clark, Matt Golder and Sona Nadenichek Golder. 2008. “Institutional Veto Players.” In Principles Of Comparative Politics. Thou- sand Oaks: Sage, Chapter 14, 603–657. (This reading is relevant for the next 5 classes, so feel free to come back to it.) ◦ DC: Chapter 18: “The Federal System.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Federalism v. unitary systems. 2. The Canadian federation and the United States’ federation. 3. The division of powers. 4. Budget functions by level of government. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Richard Simeon. 2006. Federal-Provincial Diplomacy: The Making of Recent Policy in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ◦ Herman Bakvis and Grace Skogstad, Eds. 2012. Canadian Federalism: Perfor- mance, Effectiveness and Legitimacy. 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ◦ Christopher Dunn, Ed. 2015. Provinces: Canadian Provincial Politics. 3rd Edi- tion. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

4.2 November 24: Parliamentary v. Presidential Systems, Unicameralism v. Bicameralism ˆ Key Concepts: Veto Player Model, Cabinet, Senate, Presidential and Parliamentary Systems, Unicameralism and Bicameralism. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #7: Kenneth Newton and Jan W. van Deth. 2010. “Presidential and Parliamentary Government.” Foundations of Comparative Politics. 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 5, pp. 91–104. ◦ (If not completed yet, continue Reading #6: Clark, Golder and Golder. “Institu- tional Veto Players.”) ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Functions of government. 2. Veto player model. 3. Parliementary v. presidential systems. 4. Unicameralism v. bicameralism. ˆ Additional References:

10 ◦ James Madison. 1787. The Federalist No. 51. ◦ . 1999. Patterns of Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press. ◦ George Tsebelis. 2002. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ◦ Thomas Poguntke and Paul D. Webb, Eds. 2005. The Presidentialization of Pol- itics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tutorial #5: Should the Canadian Senate be reformed? Abolished? Elected? 4.3 December 1 & 8: Executive, Legislative & the Policy-Making Process ˆ Key Concepts: Executive v. Legislative, Party Discipline, Rice Index, Cartel Theory, Whip, Committees, Bills, First, Second and Third Readings. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ DC: Chapters 20 to 23. ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Policy-making process. 2. The influence of the executive in Westminster systems. 3. Party discipline. 4. Committees. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Donald J. Savoie. 1999. Governing from the Centre: The Concentration of Power in Canadian Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ◦ David Docherty. 1997. Mr. Smith Goes to Ottawa: Life in the House of Commons. Vancouver: UBCPress. ◦ Graham White. 2005. Cabinets and First Ministers. Vancouver: UBC Press. ◦ William Roberts Clark, Matt Golder and Sona Nadenichek Golder. 2013. “Parlia- mentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential Democracies: Making and Breaking Governments.” In Principles Of Comparative Politics. 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, Chapter 12.

Tutorial #6: Review for the Term Examination

December 11-22 Mid-Term Examination: Date and location to be determined by the Faculty.

Holiday Break

11 Winter 2016

4.4 January 12 : Constitutions and the Courts ˆ Key Concepts: Constitutionalism, British North America Act, Patriation, Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Notwithstanding Clause, Supreme Court. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ DC: Chapters 17 & 24, “The Canadian Constitution and Constitutional Change” and “The Judiciary.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Constitutions around the world. 2. Constitutionalism. 3. Judicial systems in the United States, Canada and Britain. 4. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Ian Greene. 1997. The Courts. Vancouver: UBC Press. ◦ Ran Hirschl. 2004. Towards Juristocracy: The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ◦ Christian Leuprecht and Peter H. Russell, Eds. 2011. Essential Readings in Cana- dian Constitutional Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Tutorial #7: Would Canada be better off with a presidential system? 5 Political Economy and Public Policy

5.1 January 19: Schools of Political Economy ˆ Key Concepts: Mercantilism, Liberalism, Keynesianism, Socialism, Monopolies, Oligopolies. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #8: Jacob Viner. 2014 [1968]. “Mercantilist Thought.” In Essays on the Intellectual History of Economics. Chapter 11, pp. 262–276. ◦ Dani Rodrik. 2013. “The New Mercantilist Challenge.” Project Syndicate, January 9. Available Online. ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Classical schools of political economy. 2. Mercantilism, Liberalism and Keynesianism. 3. Monopolies, oligopolies, the consumer surplus and welfare. 4. Canada’s Competition Bureau. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Adam Smith. 2009 [1776]. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Project Gutenberg. Online. ◦ Alexander Hamilton. 1791. Report on the Subject of Manufactures. Presented to the U.S. House of Representatives on December 5th, 1791. ◦ David Ricardo. 1821 [1817]. On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray. ◦ Michael Howlett, Alex Netherton and M. Ramesh. 1999. The Political Economy of Canada: An Introduction. 2nd Ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press.

12 ◦ Ernesto Screpanti and Stefano Zamagni. 2005. An Outline of the History of Economic Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ◦ Edward Iacobucci and Michael Trebilcock. 2012. “Canada: The Competition Law System and the Country’s Norms.” In Eleanor M. Fox and Michael J. Trebilcock, Eds., The Design of Competition Law Institutions: Global Norms, Local Choices. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 109–148.

5.2 January 26 & February 2: Trade Policies and Capital Controls ˆ Key Concepts: Comparative Advantage, Protectionism, Free Trade, Staples Theory, Capital Controls, Central Bank, Money Supply. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #9: Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld and Marc J. Melitz. 2012. “Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model.” In In- ternational Economics: Theory and Policy. 9th Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Chapter 3, 24–40. ◦ Christopher J. Neely. 1999. “An Introduction to Capital Controls.” Federal Re- serve Bank of St. Louis Review, Nov/Dec 1999. ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Theory of comparative advantage. 2. Free trade v. protectionism. 3. Trade policies in Canada and around the world. 4. Capital controls. 5. Central banking. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Douglas A. Irwin. 1996. An Intellectual History of Free Trade. Princeton: Prince- ton University Press. ◦ J. Lawrence Broz. 1998. “The Origins of Central Banking: Solutions to the Free- Rider Problem.” International Organization 52(2): 231–268. ◦ Michael Howlett, Alex Netherton and M. Ramesh. 1999. The Political Economy of Canada: An Introduction. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ◦ Christopher Ragan. 2006-2007. “Why Monetary Policy Matters: A Canadian Perspective.” Bank of Canada Review. Ottawa: Bank of Canada.

5.3 February 9: Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization ˆ Key Concepts: Voting with the Feet, Equalization, Decentralization/Centralization, Vertical Fiscal Imbalance. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #10: Wallace E. Oates. 2005. “Toward A Second-Generation Theory of Fiscal Federalism.” International Tax and Public Finance 12: 349-373. ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Taxation powers in Canada. 2. Federal transfers. 3. Theories of fiscal federalism and decentralization. 4. Decentralization and fiscal imbalance in Canada and elsewhere. ˆ Additional References:

13 ◦ Richard A. Musgrave. 1959. The Theory of Public Finance: A Study in Public Economy. New York: McGraw-Hill. ◦ Charles M. Tiebout. 1961. An Economic Theory of Fiscal Decentralization. Na- tional Bureau of Economic Research. ◦ Harvey Lazar, Ed. 2005. Canadian Fiscal Arrangements: What Works, What Might Work Better. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. ◦ Dennis Mueller. 2003. “Federalism.” In Public Choice III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 209-229. (Available online through the University Library.)

Tutorial #8: Is the Canadian federation too decentralized? Or not enough?

February 16: Reading Week—No Class

5.4 February 23: Income Redistribution and Social Welfare ˆ Key Concepts: Redistribution, Inequalities, Pareto-Efficiency, Social Welfare, Social Contract. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #11: Dennis Mueller. 2003. “The Reason For Collective Choice–Redistribution.” In Public Choice III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 3, Pages 44–63. ◦ Optional. DC: Chapter 8, “Class.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Motivations behind income redistribution. 2. Rawls’ “Just social contract.” 3. Social welfare functions and Pareto-efficiency. 4. Empirical evidence from Canada and the world. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Amartya K. Sen. 1971. Collective Choice and Social Welfare. Amsterdam: North- Holland. ◦ John Rawls. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ◦ Dennis Mueller. 2003. “Part V. Normative Public Choice.” In Public Choice III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 563–652. ◦ William Roberts Clark, Matt Golder and Sona Nadenichek Golder. 2013. “The Effect of Political Institutions on Fiscal Policy.” In Principles Of Comparative Politics. 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, Chapter 16. ◦ Peter A. Hall and David Soskice. 2001. “An Introduction to Varieties of Capital- ism.” In P. A. Hall and D. Soskice, Eds., Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chap- ter 1, pp. 1–68.

14 Tutorial #9: Is there enough redistribution in Canada? Or too much? 5.5 March 1 & 8: Public Goods, Health and Education Policies ˆ Key Concepts: Collective Action, Public Goods, Welfare State, Human Capital, Health Care and Education. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ Reading #12: Richard Nadeau, Eric B´elanger,Fran¸coisP´etry, Stuart N. Soroka and Antonia Maioni. 2015. “The Evolution of Health Care Policy in the US and Canada.” In Health Care Policy and Opinion in the United States and Canada. New York: Routledge. Chapter 2, pp. 18–33. ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Introduction to game theory: the provision of public goods. 2. Externalities and Coase Theorem. 3. Human capital theory and education: “Schooling, Experience, and Earnings.” 4. Health care policies in Canada and the USA. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Theodore W. Schultz. 1961. “Investment in Human Capital.” American Economic Review 51(1): 1–17. ◦ Mancur Olson. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ◦ Jacob A. Mincer. 1974. Schooling, Experience, and Earnings. National Bureau of Economic Research. ◦ Martin J. Osborne. 2003. An Introduction to Game Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ◦ Dan Zuberi. 2006. Differences That Matter: Social Policy and the Working Poor in the United States and Canada. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ◦ Richard Nadeau, Eric B´elanger,Fran¸coisP´etry, Stuart N. Soroka and Antonia Maioni. 2015. Health Care Policy and Opinion in the United States and Canada. New York: Routledge.

Tutorial #10: Should we allow more privatization of the Canadian health care system? 6 Political Culture and the Canadian Society

6.1 March 15: Linguistic Diversity and the “Quebec Question” ˆ Written Assignment #2 Due ˆ Key Concepts: Linguistic Diversity, Secession, Meech Lake Accord, Charlottetown Accord, Quebec’s Referendums. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ DC: Chapter 5, “French Canada and the Quebec Question.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. History of French and English Canadians. 2. Secession in international law. 3. Quebec’s secessionist movement. 4. Comparisons with other cases (Catalonia, Scotland). ˆ Additional References:

15 ◦ Andr´eSiegfried. 1907. The Race Question in Canada. London: Eveleigh Nash. ◦ Pierre Elliot Trudeau. 1968. Federalism and the French Canadians. Toronto: Macmillan. ◦ St´ephaneDion. 1992. “Explaining Quebec Nationalism.” In Kent Weaver, Ed. The Collapse of Canada? Washington: Brookings. ◦ Fran¸coisYale and Claire Durand. 2011. “What Did Quebeckers Want? Im- pact of Question Wording, Constitutional Proposal and Context on Support for Sovereignty, 1976–2008.” American Review of Canadian Studies 41(3): 242–258.

Tutorial #11: How should countries deal with language/cultural diversity? 6.2 March 22: Gender, Multiculturalism and Representation ˆ Key Concepts: Gender Gap, Women in Politics, Enfranchisement, Representation. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ DC: Chapters 6 & 7, “Ethnocultural Minorities” and “Gender.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Enfranchisement around the world: Non-owners, minorities and women. 2. Women representation in parliaments. 3. Gender gap hypothesis. 4. Multiculturalism and representation of minorities. ˆ Additional References: ◦ Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant. 2010 “Who Votes for Women Candidates and Why?” In Cameron D. Anderson and Laura B. Stephenson, Eds., Voting Behaviour in Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press. ◦ and Pippa Norris. 2000. “The Developmental Theory of the Gender Gap: Women’s and Men’s Voting Behavior in Global Perspective.” Inter- national Political Science Review 21(4): 441–463. ◦ Linda Trimble, Jane Arscott and Manon Tremblay, Eds. 2013. Stalled: The Representation of Women in Canadian Governments. Vancouver: UBC Press. ◦ Keith G. Banting and Will Kymlicka. 2010. “Canadian Multiculturalism : Global Anxieties and Local Debates.” British Journal of Political Science 23(1):43–72.

6.3 March 29 & April 5: Media and Interest Groups ˆ Key Concepts: Agenda-Setting, Framing, Cognitive Dissonance, Lobbying, Special Interest Politics, Party Finance. ˆ Required Readings: ◦ DC: Chapters 12 & 16, “Political Socialization, the Mass Media, and Public Opin- ion Polls” and “Advocacy Groups, Social Movements, and Lobbying.” ˆ Structure of the Class: 1. Overview of theories of political communication. 2. Agenda-setting and framing. 3. Prospect theory and cognitive dissonance. 4. Models of special interest politics. 5. Lobbying in Canada and the United States. ˆ Additional References:

16 ◦ Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. 1981. “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice.” Science 211(4481): 453–458. ◦ John Zaller. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press. ◦ Gene Grossman and Elhanan Helpman. 2001. Special Interest Politics. Cam- bridge: Cambridge University Press. ◦ Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro. “What Drives Media Slant? Evidence from U.S. Daily Newspapers.” 2010. Econometrica 78(1): 35–71. ◦ Alex Marland, Thierry Giasson and Tamara Small, Eds. 2014. Political Com- munication in Canada: Meet the Press and Tweet the Rest. Vancouver: UBC Press.

Tutorial #12: Preparation for the final examination.

April 12–29 Final Examination: Date and location to be determined by the Faculty.

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