DOCSLIB.ORG

Then Tear up the Rulebook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Then Tear up the Rulebook Want to lead? Then tear up the rulebook Nik Gowing and Chris Langdon reveal disturbing details from their research project into how people at the top struggle to clear a path in a digital age which throws up surprises 12 | the world today | june & july 2016 the world today | june & july 2016 | 13 The leadership challenge In the United Kingdom a majority could insiders whose careers would suffer by about their difficulties in grappling with an vote in June to leave the European Union. admitting failure is almost unheard of. unpredictable and fast-changing world. In the United States, the presumptive Only when he stepped down after 11 years Our interim report, Thinking the Unthink- Republican presidential candidate is Don- at the top did Sir Nicholas Macpherson, able – the New Imperative for Leadership in ald Trump. the British Treasury’s most senior civil the Digital Age, is based on off-the-record Britain out of the EU? President Trump? servant, reveal the ‘monumental, collec- conversations with more than 60 highest- To express incredulity is not a political tive intellectual error’ by him and col- level executives from business and finance, BREWSTER SAM BY ILLUSTRATION judgment. Until a few weeks ago, what leagues in Britain and the United States government, the military and the humani- many viewed as outlandish ‘unthinkables’ before the 2008 financial crisis. In an inter- tarian sector, plus members of the coming were not even being considered or investi- view in April 2016, he said that they ‘failed generation of leaders, the millennials. gated as part of corporate or political risk to see the crisis coming’ and ‘failed to History is marked by the impact of the assessments. Now they have to be. see the build-up of risk’. It was further unexpected. The financial sector faced a The challenge from such unforeseen corroboration of what Andy Haldane, huge shock in 2008. Were the ‘unthinka- developments fits a new and threatening chief economist at the Bank of England, bles’ that unfolded globally from early 2014 pattern for leaders at the highest levels. described to us as a ‘disaster in myopia’. of a quantitatively different scale? Little over a year ago, even the possibility Martin Taylor, co-founder of the Nevsky Several unexpected events in early 2014 of a massive humanitarian surge to chal- Capital hedge fund, announced to inves- had provoked the question. Why had so lenge the EU’s borders and Europe’s gov- tors in December that he was returning many at the very highest levels in western erning elite seemed inconceivable. their money because the new environment leadership roles failed to anticipate Presi- The EU was focusing on saving the euro. ruled out defensible risk assessment. ‘The dent Putin’s seizing of Crimea from Political leaders and their officials dis- laws of economics will never be repealed Ukraine, or the precipitous 60 per cent missed warnings from the United Nations – but for now they are suspended and may fall in oil prices, or the brutal rise of High Commissioner for Refugees and the be for some time.’ so-called Islamic State with the capacity to International Organization for Migration These are not headline-grabbing excep- seize Mosul in northern Iraq? Why had the as too extreme to be taken seriously. tions. They confirm a direction of travel World Health Organization rejected warn- The highest levels of leadership must with implications that are deeply trou- ings of the lethal threat of Ebola in West now assume that a rapid-fire succession of bling. Behind closed doors, executive lead- Africa? And why did Sony Pictures leave abnormal, disruptive events is the new ership at the highest levels faces new vul- itself so vulnerable to a damaging cyber- reality. Yet the scale and frequency of pol- nerabilities that almost none is willing to attack? icy failings shows that the established ways admit to publicly. But they are greater than With anonymity guaranteed, the leaders of major companies, civil servants or min- at any time in recent history. talked frankly. They revealed often stark isterial private offices are no longer config- Inspired by the Churchill 21st Century discomfort that for career and reputa- ured appropriately. Many at the top level Global Leaders Programme, set up to mark tional reasons they would never air in the are in denial. 50 years since Sir Winston’s death, we presence of their immediate peers or at a Public confirmation of this from the wanted to hear from today’s top leaders wider gathering. They confirmed over- Off the record ... quotes from Thinking the Unthinkable Multiple pressures Institutional conformity Wilful blindness ‘There isn’t time to ‘There is in the ‘The wilful blindness think the thinkable, Foreign Office challenge is that never mind the a particularly we try to explain unthinkable. strong tendency to away things that are You are reacting to analyse a particular inconvenient truths’ events and making problem in a decisions on the particular way. basis of imperfect And to not information’ encourage people to challenge it’ 14 | the world today | june & july 2016 The leadership challenge whelmingly that the answer is ‘yes’: they more accurately, they were unpalatable for about: were being caught off guard and their skills leaders. They and those who work for them l Groupthink/wilful blindness and organizations tested to the limit. are often in denial. Data and signals are l Being overwhelmed by multiple intense Almost all agreed that mindsets, behav- usually available. Yet for a variety of inter- pressures iour and systems are rarely adequately nal reasons those signs – and a frank l Cognitive overload and dissonance configured to handle the ‘new normal’. One assessment of what they suggest – are l Institutional conformity l ILLUSTRATION BY SAM BREWSTER SAM BY ILLUSTRATION top European diplomat, for example, con- often marginalized or buried by systems Risk aversion ceded how assumptions of relative policy that discourage the airing of unwelcome l Fear of making ‘career-limiting moves’ ‘tranquillity’ had been ‘shattered’ and assessments. l Reactionary mindsets officials were now struggling to catch up. As one senior executive put it, there is a l Denial ‘Some CEOs are scared stiff,’ confided fear among staff that bosses will ‘chop the The findings prompt the inevitable ques- Paul Polman, Unilever’s chief executive, legs off’ those whose advice might seem to tion asked by every executive leader: so the sole corporate leader willing to speak be off the wall or ‘wacky’. As a result, what are the solutions? There are plenty. on the record. Reflecting the private con- executives or public servants who are con- The trouble is that, as leaders confided to cerns of many, he said organizations cre- cerned about their career prospects feel us, many ‘solutions’ that sound good in ated barriers for their leaders to hide they must conform. This fear of speaking theory often fail for one of two reasons. behind. ‘The more they get paid, the less out and making a ‘career-limiting move’ Either they wither and die because of con- risk they take because it’s very comforta- means that many organizations are aff- formist executive resistance, or they are ble. And it’s better to hang in there … than licted by a ‘frozen middle’ that ‘lacks mus- actively obstructed by those at the top for take a lot of risk.’ His conclusion: ‘We must cle’. This is at a time when the new un- being too radical. be disruptive in taking risks and challeng- thinkables require the opposite – namely Candidly, almost all interviewees con- ing the status quo.’ assertiveness and being proactive. firmed that yet another change to organi- Embedded in this core leadership chal- This explains the ‘wilful blindness’ con- zational systems and structures is not the lenge is an inherent contradiction. How do ceded by leaders as a key reason for their answer. Most accept that the existing current leaders direct a company or gov- failure to address possible but undesirable imperatives for institutional conformity ernment department through a period of outcomes. In itself groupthink is not new – often not readily acknowledged openly fundamental change that questions the or unknown. But of concern is that many but which got them to the top – are getting very conformity which qualified them for leaders acknowledged this as a critical in the way. the top? It is that same conformity which obstacle or blocker to getting updated on The issues are therefore about changing blocks the kind of systemic and behaviour- the unthinkables they should really know culture, behaviour and mindsets. The al changes that are so urgently required. about. And in too many cases organiza- International Committee of the Red Cross Why do leaderships remain reluctant to tional structures and recruitment polices decided in 2015 to confront unchanging conceive of events that then happen? We are reinforcing the problem. mindsets internally. Time to Let Go, a conclude that frequently this was not just From our interviews we identified nine report from the Overseas Development because developments were unthinkable: reasons why unthinkables are not thought Institute, urges such changes across the Off the record ... quotes from Thinking the Unthinkable Groupthink Risk aversion Career-limiting moves ‘I hate to mention ‘You have to find ‘People say to friends, the word diversity, your inner compass Oh that will be a I almost hate the on what you feel CLM. I could do word. But it is true strongly about. If that, but it would that balance in that is so important, be a CLM’ any organization, you’ll be able to in any structure, is take more risks. good. Groupthink We have become is a very dangerous risk adverse’ phenomenon’ the world today | june & july 2016 | 15 The leadership challenge humanitarian sector.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MR NIK GOWING Main Presenter BBC World, British Broadcasting Corporation, United Kingdom
    MR NIK GOWING Main Presenter BBC World, British Broadcasting Corporation, United Kingdom Since February 1996, Nik Gowing has been the main presenter on BBC World News, the BBC’s 24-hour international television news and information channel. He also fronts the channel’s flagship hour-long news programme World News Today. From 1996 to March 2000, Nik was principal anchor for weekday news programme The World Today, and its predecessor, NewsDesk. He was a founding presenter of Europe Direct and has been a guest anchor on both HARDtalk and Simpson’s World. He is also a regular moderator of the Sunday news analysis programme Dateline London. Nik has been a main anchor for much of BBC World News coverage of major international crises including Kosovo in 1999, and the Iraq war in 2003. Nik was on air for six hours shortly after the Twin Towers were hit in New York City on 11 September 2001 and fronted coverage of the unfolding drama of Diana, Princess of Wales’ accident and made the announcement of her death to a global audience estimated at half a billion. He also anchors special location coverage of major international events, and chairs World Debates at the World Economic Forum in Davos and the annual Nobel Awards in Stockholm. Before joining the BBC, Nik was a foreign affairs specialist and presenter at ITN for 18 years. From 1989 to 1996 he was diplomatic editor Channel 4 News, from ITN in London. His reporting from Bosnia was part of the Channel 4 News portfolio, which won the Bafta Best News Coverage award in 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning Uncertainty Date and Time Thursday, Dec 7, 09:30 – 11:00 Location Room Potsdam I/III
    Plenary Title OEB Opening Plenary: Learning Uncertainty Date and Time Thursday, Dec 7, 09:30 – 11:00 Location Room Potsdam I/III Plenary Outline Uncertainty is the defining characteristic of our age. Are workplaces, governments and societies prepared for our uncertain future? How should universities, colleges, schools and workplaces adapt? What should employers do now to plan for the flexible workforce they will need in the future? OEB's Opening Plenary session is about acknowledging uncertainty and preparing for it. It shows how transformative education, training and learning can equip businesses, organisations and individuals with the skills to survive and prosper. Format The aim of the Plenary is to create interaction and the atmosphere of a giant conversation, to set the overall tone for the conference. From the get-go the audience will be encouraged by the moderator to be part and explore the themes and elements the 3 speakers raise in their talks via social media. This audience feedback will drive the direction of travel for the session after each talk and during the final part of the session. The proposed timings are: Nik 5 min (welcome and introductions), Aleks 15 min (on “The Tales, They Are a’Changing), Abigail 15 min (on “Clash of revolutions”), Pasi 15 min (on “Myths and Facts about the Future of Schooling”), Q&A with your audience 40 min. Audience Every year, OEB Global attracts over 2,300 participants from more than 90 countries worldwide, making it the most comprehensive annual meeting place for technology- supported learning and training professionals from the corporate, education and public service sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • BNS0023 Written Evidence Submitted by Nik Gowing and Chris Langdon
    BNS0023 Written evidence submitted by Nik Gowing and Chris Langdon, Thinking the Unthinkable (TTU) project1 CONFRONTING GLOBAL THREATS AND DISRUPTION: HOW TO CHALLENGE OURSELVES TO THINK UNTHINKABLES Summary There is a natural institutional and personal resistance to Think the Unthinkable for major risks that are wrongly considered to be unlikely. The devastating nature of the subsequent shocks to our society from COVID-19 has obviously reinforced what our TTU work had already identified and warned about. It is the imperative to work and think more radically, whatever the professional and career risk in doing so. That does not come easy in government. Indeed, there are formidable in-built, institutional drag chains and resistances. Our focus is not just on the effectiveness of the bodies and institutions named and set out in the formal ambitions for this enquiry.2 It must also be about the human inefficiencies and vulnerabilities of those who work in them, and ultimately their relationships to those who make the final political decisions. However new realities within public service mean there is the likelihood of even greater risk aversion and professional fear among even the most talented, just when the opposite is needed. Our TTU work highlights how conformity and conformist attitudes are core limiters to the breadth or perceptions now needed to embrace unthinkables. That conformity carries a high cost. Our published work3 has already concluded that the conformity which qualifies many leaders for the top now disqualifies most of them from accepting, embracing then dealing with the new scale of risk and disruption. We are not optimistic that current cultures, mindsets and behaviours are anywhere close to being primed and prepared for innovating or transforming at the speed and scale that are necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Studies News
    March 2010, ISSN 0955-6281, Vol. 21 No. 1 Governance Review heralds Constitutional Change for Association the regulatory framework have altered substantially. As a result, during 2009, the Executive Committee agreed to establish a small Working Group on Governance, Chaired by Professor Terrell Carver. The Working Group was Vicky Randall being admitted to AcSS December 2009 tasked with investigating further the implications of the legal changes for the continued work of the Association including any requirement to amend its Constitution. The Working Group sought Fit for Purpose legal advice to inform its deliberations Paul Carmichael, and to advise on whether there were Honorary Secretary any changes that the Association was Paul Carmichael, compelled to introduce to continue to Over the past ten years, the Association Honorary Secretary comply with the law. In addition, advice has grown considerably, measured not was sought on areas where, for reasons least in a rise in membership to over Following the Charities Act, 2006, the of good practice in the sector and general 1,800 members, a near ten-fold rise in law governing the work of charities in tidying up of any areas of uncertainty, the annual turnover to nearly £900,000, the UK has changed. Some aspects of (continued on page 10) and the development of successful new high-profile events and activities such as the annual Awards Ceremony. The burden of work on the National Conference 2010 - Celebrating Office in Newcastle has grown, as has the burden on the Trustees, especially Association’s 60th Anniversary the Officers of the Association. The This year’s Political Studies Association lectures and a range of social activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Representing the MAJORITY WORLD Famine, Photojournalism, and The
    Durham E-Theses Representing the MAJORITY WORLD famine, photojournalism and the Changing Visual Economy CLARK, DAVID,JAMES How to cite: CLARK, DAVID,JAMES (2009) Representing the MAJORITY WORLD famine, photojournalism and the Changing Visual Economy , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/136/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 1 Contents 1. Abstract 2. Table of Contents 3. Introduction 4. Chapter 1: ‘Me, Me, Me’: Selfish, Dark and Imagined Visual Geographies 5. Chapter 2: The Photograph, Photojournalism and Geopolitics 6. Chapter 3: Digitised Image Markets and the Politics of Place 7. Chapter 4: Photographing Famine 8. Conclusion: The NGO Responds 9. Bibliography Cover Picture: Malike, Moma, and Leila having fun in Mali, West Africa. Years of drought and inter-community conflict have made life extremely hard for the communities here but they have persevered and are now growing food and finding ways to earn a living.
    [Show full text]
  • Governance Review Heralds Constitutional Change for Association the Regulatory Framework Have Altered Substantially
    March 2010, ISSN 0955-6281, Vol. 21 No. 1 Governance Review heralds Constitutional Change for Association the regulatory framework have altered substantially. As a result, during 009, the Executive Committee agreed to establish a small Working Group on Governance, Chaired by Professor Terrell Carver. The Working Group was Vicky Randall being admitted to AcSS December 009 tasked with investigating further the implications of the legal changes for the continued work of the Association including any requirement to amend its Constitution. The Working Group sought Fit for Purpose legal advice to inform its deliberations Paul Carmichael, and to advise on whether there were Honorary Secretary any changes that the Association was Paul Carmichael, compelled to introduce to continue to Over the past ten years, the Association Honorary Secretary comply with the law. In addition, advice has grown considerably, measured not was sought on areas where, for reasons least in a rise in membership to over Following the Charities Act, 006, the of good practice in the sector and general 1,800 members, a near ten-fold rise in law governing the work of charities in tidying up of any areas of uncertainty, the annual turnover to nearly £900,000, the UK has changed. Some aspects of (continued on page 10) and the development of successful new high-profile events and activities such as the annual Awards Ceremony. The burden of work on the National Conference 2010 - Celebrating Office in Newcastle has grown, as has the burden on the Trustees, especially Association’s 60th Anniversary the Officers of the Association. The This year’s Political Studies Association lectures and a range of social activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Programme for Printing
    Global Agenda World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016 Programme Davos-Klosters, Switzerland 20-23 January Programme Pillars Programme Icons Programme Co- Chairs Mastering the Fourth Industrial Televised session Mary Barra, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, General Motors Revolution Company, USA The Fourth Industrial Revolution is distinct Interpretation Sharan Burrow, General Secretary, in the speed, scale and force at which it International Trade Union transforms entire systems of production, Confederation (ITUC), Brussels; Meta- distribution and consumption. How is On the record Council on the Circular Economy technology changing our lives and that of future generations, and reshaping the Satya Nadella, Chief Executive economic, social, ecological and cultural Sign-up required Officer, Microsoft Corporation, USA contexts in which we live? Hiroaki Nakanishi, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Hitachi, Japan Addressing Global Security Issues Tidjane Thiam, Chief Executive The humanitarian tragedy of the unfolding Officer, Credit Suisse, Switzerland refugee crisis and reverberations from terrorist acts are reminders of how Amira Yahyaoui, Founder and Chair, geostrategic competition, renewed Al Bawsala, Tunisia; Global Shaper regionalism and new antagonists are eroding global solidarity. How can public- and private-sector leaders prepare for a rapidly changing security landscape in which emerging technologies also play a key role? Solving Problems of the Global Commons Geosecurity tensions exacerbate the challenges of governing at
    [Show full text]
  • Speakers and Their Topics from 1986 Until 2010
    Speakers and Their Topics From 1986 Until 2010 2010 Sir Michael Arthur Britain and Germany: A New Partnership in a Globalised World Garry Brenmer The Meaning of Art Georg Boomgarden Deutschland - Großbritannien - Europa - wohin steuert das Vereinigte Königreich nach der Unterhauswahl? Sir Colin Budd The UK's Attitude to German Unification: A Retrospektive Analysis (Followed by a Reception) David Davies Conservatives in Coalition: challenges to face, changes to make Dr. Karl-Heinrich Ebel Global climate change. Fact or Fiction? Karin Feuerstein-Praßer, MA Caroline von Braunschweig. Englands ungekrönte Königin Prof. Justin Fisher UK General Election 2010: Is Gordon Brown's Time Running Out? Prof. John Flood Who would be a Poet Laureate? Prof. Dr. Hans-Dieter Gelfert Typically English. How the British Came to Be What They Are Bernd Fritz und Dr. Jo Rippier -- Cartoon Reading Malcolm Greenhalgh What Future for Wildlife in Europe? Dr. Angelika Halama Stammbäume in der Familienforschung: Die Familie von Moltke Jim Hamlyn Thoughts About Art and Teaching David Hart Overseas Expat Life: Tales From a Small Planet Prof. Wilhelm Hortmann Who (For Goodness Sake) WAS William Shakespeare? Dr. Christoph Heyl Almost Unsufferable to Our Ears? Primitivism, Early Romanticism and Eighteenth-Century Perceptions of the Scottish Bagpipes George Jellicoe Digging the Largest Hole in the World - Sous la Manche Nicholas Jones How far are online conversations and engagement shaping the political agenda? Panel Discussion with Thomas Kielinger (WELT) and Roger Boyes (TIMES): Britain Before the Elections: Views From London and Berlin -- Debi Kobarg True Blue Australia - How is real life in Australia? Johannes Leithäuser Schwarz-Gelb in Westminster, Berliner Verhältnisse in Britannien?! (Black-Yellow Coalition in Westminster, Berlin Circumstances in Britain?!) Jana Luchs Trekking in the Himalaya Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Seeking Development for All Boao Forum for Asia Restructuring, Responsibility & Cooperation 革新 責任 合作：亞洲尋求共同發展 Annual Conference Report 2013 博鰲亞洲論壇2013年年會報告
    AAsiasia SSeekingeeking DevelopmentDevelopment forfor AlAlll Restructuring, Responsibility & Cooperation 革新 責任 合作：亞洲尋求共同發展 Asia Seeking Development for All Boao Forum for Asia Restructuring, Responsibility & Cooperation 革新 責任 合作：亞洲尋求共同發展 Annual Conference Report 2013 博鰲亞洲論壇2013年年會報告 Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference Report 2013 博鰲亞洲論壇2013年年會報告 Contents 3 Preface 4 Introduction 5 The Opening Plenary 8 Government and policy 15 The region and the globe 24 Restructuring for sustainable growth 37 Industries and commerce 48 Society and culture 61 Conclusion 62 Appendix 1: Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2013 Program 78 Appendix 2: Opening Plenary speeches AsiaAsia SeekingSeeking DevelopmentDevelopment forfor All:All: Restructuring,Restructuring, ResponsibilityResponsibility && CooperationCooperation BoaoBoao Forum Forum for for Asia Asia Annual Annual Conference Conference Report Report 2013 2013 1 Government leaders and some members of the BFA Board at the BFA Annual Conference 2013 2 Preface I am very pleased to present to you the annual report for the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Annual Conference 2013 which was held between 6-8 April 2013 on Hainan Island, and attended by the record number of 1,600 important figures from the worlds of government, commerce, industry, and academia, as well as 1,200 representatives from regional and international media there to cover the Annual Conference. This year's theme "Asia Seeking Development for All: Restructuring, Responsibility & Cooperation" has moved beyond the crisis-focused themes of previous years and looks forward to the next stages of development in the region. While there are many different opinions about the nature and degree of challenges that still face the developed and emerging worlds, there is no disagreement with the proposition that all nations face a future that is more closely interrelated and more fully interdependent.
    [Show full text]
  • 62746 CONFLICT A5 Booklet
    CONFLICT AND PEACE FORUMS A practical checklist for the ethical reporting of conflicts in the 21st Century, produced by journalists, for journalists BY JAKE LYNCH REPORTING THE “A thoughtful blend of “First class” “A convincing argument” “Serious and wise” academic rigour and Fergal Keane, Susie Orbach, author Professor Ian Hargreaves, journalistic experience… Special Correspondent, BBC and psychotherapist Cardiff University To read it is to learn a little more about the true nature of events” Peter Preston, columnist and former editor, The Guardian www.ReportingtheWorld.org REPORTING THE Reporting the World – A practical checklist for the ethical reporting with journalists in many countries, and teaches an annual MA of conflicts in the 21st Century produced by journalists for course in conflict analysis and media at the University of Sydney. journalists. Production team – Annabel McGoldrick, Jake Lynch, Indra Adnan, Published by Conflict & Peace Forums Design – sugarfreedesign.co.uk Taplow Court, Taplow, Berkshire SL6 OER Photographs – Matthew Isepp Sponsored by Department for International Development About the author Seminars hosted by the Freedom Forum European Centre Jake Lynch ([email protected] ) is a freelance And SGI-UK, Buddhist Society for the Creation of Value reporter in television and print media. He was the Independent’s Sydney correspondent in 1998-9 and © copyright Conflict & Peace Forums, 2002 works in London for the BBC and Sky News, for whom he covered the Nato briefings in Brussels ISBN Number: 0-9542064-0-1 throughout the Kosovo crisis. He has conducted training dialogues presented by sponsored by hosted by www.ReportingtheWorld.org CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 3 4.1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Coverage: Help Or Hinderance in Conflict Prevention
    Media Coverage: Help Or Hinderance In Conflict Prevention By Nik Gowing Carnegie Corporation of New York established the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict in May 1994 to address the looming threats to world peace of intergroup violence and to advance new ideas for the prevention and resolution of deadly conflict. The Commission is examining the principal causes of deadly ethnic, nationalist, and religious conflicts within and between states and the circumstances that foster or deter their outbreak. Taking a long-term, worldwide view of violent conflicts that are likely to emerge, the Commission seeks to determine the functional requirements of an effective system for preventing mass violence and to identify the ways in which such a system could be implemented. The Commission is also looking at the strengths and weaknesses of various international entities in conflict prevention and considering ways in which international organizations might contribute toward developing an effective international system of nonviolent problem solving. Commission publications fall into three categories: Reports of the Commission, Reports to the Commission, and Discussion Papers. Reports of the Commission have been endorsed by all Commissioners. Reports to the Commission are published as a service to scholars, practitioners, and the interested public. They have undergone peer review, but the views that they express are those of the author or authors, and Commission publication does not imply that those views are shared by the Commission as a whole or by individual Commissioners. Discussion papers are similar to Reports to the Commission but address issues that are more time-sensitive in nature. Additional copies of this report may be obtained free of charge from the Commission's headquarters: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Suite 715 Washington, DC 20036-2103 Phone: (202) 332-7900 Fax: (202) 332-1919 e-mail: [email protected] Copyright 1997 by Carnegie Corporation of New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Jessica Roche MA Thesis
    Debating Regional Military Intervention: An Examination of the Australian and New Zealand Media-Government Relationship During the 2003 Solomon Islands Crisis A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Jessica Roche University of Canterbury 2012 Acknowledgements I would like to take the time to thank the people who made this thesis possible. First and foremost, I wish to express gratitude to my academic supervisor Dr Babak Bahador for his guidance and expertise. This research would have not been completed without his valuable time and patience that helped me compose this thesis. I would like to thank the staff of Canterbury University Political Science Department. In particular Jill Dolby, for your support and kindness. I am grateful to Allistar Delaney for your encouragement, support, and patience. Also, my mother, thank you. To my peers within the University of Canterbury Political Science Department, the time spent in dialogue has been invaluable to the outcome of this research. Jenna Guest you need more than a special thanks and acknowledgement for you for all your insight on the many issues we deliberated. Finally, I am truly thankful to Kurt McLauchlan for the rigorous editing and feedback on this thesis. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]