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Freedom and the State: the Social Contract This Course Aims To
Freedom and the State: The Social Contract This course aims to introduce students to central questions in political philosophy, through engagement with the work of several significant political philosophers: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant and John Rawls. The topics with which we will be most deeply concerned include the legitimacy of the state; the limits of the state’s authority; the basis of rights of resistance or rebellion; the relevance of consent to political authority; the nature and value of freedom; the relationship between politics and human nature; and social justice. We will also, as often as we can, attempt to relate the views of these philosophers to contemporary debates. Program of lectures and reading Week 1 (15/01) Lecture 1: Political Legitimacy and the Social Contract Tradition Reading: Easy: Wolf (2006): 34-48. Easier: ‘Authority’ and ‘Political Obligation’ in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Harder: Boucher & Kelly (1994): ch. 1. Hampton (1997): Chapter 3. Week 2 (22/01) Lecture 2: Hobbes on Human Nature and the State of Nature Primary Reading: Leviathan, Part I, chs. 11, 13-16. Secondary Reading: Easy: Wolf (2006): 8-17. Easier: Levine (2002): 15-32. Newey (2008): ch. 4-5. Harder: Warburton, Pike and Matravers (2000): 100-105. Seminar question: If human nature is, or were, as Hobbes describes it, does it follow that life in the state of nature would be ‘solitary, poore, nasty, brutish and short’? Week 3 (29/01) Lecture 3: Hobbes on the Covenant, the Sovereign and the Right to Rebel Primary Reading: Leviathan, Part II, chs. -
Downloaded from Manchesterhive.Com at 09/25/2021 09:21:39AM Via Free Access Chap 16 23/1/03 7:51 Am Page 197
chap 16 23/1/03 7:51 am Page 196 16 International justice David Boucher Introduction Is justice intra-national or international, localised or globalised, communi- tarian or cosmopolitan, universal or particular, in its scope? Do richer coun- tries have a duty to help poorer countries and, if so, is this duty a matter of charity or justice, or both? Answers to these questions are often dependent upon an answer to a prior question: are state boundaries morally arbitrary and, if so, do we have a responsibility to help the less well off beyond these borders? A whole range of positions are taken which often cut across the cosmopolitan–communitarian divide favoured by such theorists who work within the field of international relations as Chris Brown, Janna Thompson, Charles Jones and Peter Sutch.1 Cosmopolitanism points to the justification of our moral principles as having a universal basis. For the cosmopolitan the existing social arrangements have no special status as the source of our value. The type of universal principles required is generated by three different sources of cosmopolitanism: Kantian- ism, utilitarianism and Marxism. Although utilitarianism is an entirely differ- ent moral theory from that of Kant, it is nevertheless cosmopolitan. Jeremy Bentham is, of course, the classic utilitarian. His theory is clearly cosmopolitan in that values are universal, and not the product of various particularistic com- munities. Each individual feels pleasure and pain and this is the basis of human values. Individuals have a basic duty to increase the happiness of humankind in general. The institutions of the family and state, for example, have claims on our duty because they promote the maximisation of the general happiness and not because they have priority over utility. -
Inventing Westphalia
Inventing Westphalia Nicholas Pingitore Senior Thesis Spring, 2020 Advisors: Ethan Shagan and Raphael Murillo Pingitore 1 Introduction The Westphalian Moment, if there ever was one, may quite well have occurred more than 100 years after the signing of the now famous Peace, and in Geneva no less. Writing around 1756, Jean-Jacques Rousseau declared in his treatise, A Lasting Peace Through the Federation of Europe that “the Treaty of Westphalia will perhaps forever remain the foundation of our international system.”1 Prevailing social science lore would find no fault with Rousseau’s logic. Examples abound from the last 70 years of various political theories, international histories, university conferences, even modern military alliances, referencing Westphalia.2 Invariably, there are some differences in how these thinkers frame the importance of Westphalia, but the general mold is familiar enough to any sophomore undergraduate enrolled in a course on international relations.3 It goes as follows: The Thirty Years’ War lasted from 1618-1648. This three-decade-long catastrophe was perhaps Europe’s first modern continental war. While the majority of the conflict took place in central Europe, it drew upon every “great power” resulting in an estimated five to eight million deaths. Modern estimates would suggest that such a toll resulted in a 15–20 percent decline in Europe’s population.4 By 1 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Translated by C.E. Vaughan, A Lasting Peace Through The Federation of Europe and The State of War, London: Constable and Company Limited, 1917, p. 55. 2 Javier, Solana. “Securing Peace in Europe.” Speech presented at the Symposium on the Political Relevance of the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, Münster, Germany, November 12, 1998. -
Hobbes's Contribution to International Thought, and the Contribution of International Thought to Hobbes
History of European Ideas ISSN: 0191-6599 (Print) 1873-541X (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rhei20 Hobbes's Contribution to International Thought, and the Contribution of International Thought to Hobbes David Boucher To cite this article: David Boucher (2015) Hobbes's Contribution to International Thought, and the Contribution of International Thought to Hobbes, History of European Ideas, 41:1, 29-48, DOI: 10.1080/01916599.2014.948289 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2014.948289 Published online: 22 Sep 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 146 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rhei20 Download by: [University of Cambridge] Date: 11 November 2015, At: 02:41 History of European Ideas, 2015 Vol. 41, No. 1, 29–48, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2014.948289 Hobbes’s Contribution to International Thought, and the Contribution of International Thought to Hobbes DAVID BOUCHER* Department of Politics and International Relations, Cardiff University, UK and Department of Politics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Summary The aim of this article is to explore in what respects Thomas Hobbes may be regarded as foundational in international thought. It is evident that in contemporary international relations theory he has become emblematic of a realist tradition, but as David Armitage suggests this was not always the case. I want to suggest that it is only in a very limited sense that he may be regarded as a foundational thinker in international relations, and for reasons very different from those for which he has become infamous. -
MR NIK GOWING Main Presenter BBC World, British Broadcasting Corporation, United Kingdom
MR NIK GOWING Main Presenter BBC World, British Broadcasting Corporation, United Kingdom Since February 1996, Nik Gowing has been the main presenter on BBC World News, the BBC’s 24-hour international television news and information channel. He also fronts the channel’s flagship hour-long news programme World News Today. From 1996 to March 2000, Nik was principal anchor for weekday news programme The World Today, and its predecessor, NewsDesk. He was a founding presenter of Europe Direct and has been a guest anchor on both HARDtalk and Simpson’s World. He is also a regular moderator of the Sunday news analysis programme Dateline London. Nik has been a main anchor for much of BBC World News coverage of major international crises including Kosovo in 1999, and the Iraq war in 2003. Nik was on air for six hours shortly after the Twin Towers were hit in New York City on 11 September 2001 and fronted coverage of the unfolding drama of Diana, Princess of Wales’ accident and made the announcement of her death to a global audience estimated at half a billion. He also anchors special location coverage of major international events, and chairs World Debates at the World Economic Forum in Davos and the annual Nobel Awards in Stockholm. Before joining the BBC, Nik was a foreign affairs specialist and presenter at ITN for 18 years. From 1989 to 1996 he was diplomatic editor Channel 4 News, from ITN in London. His reporting from Bosnia was part of the Channel 4 News portfolio, which won the Bafta Best News Coverage award in 1996. -
The Idealism of Young Oakeshott
The Idealism of Young Oakeshott By Efraim Podoksik (Paper presented at the Ninth International Conference of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas (August 2004, Spain). To be published in the volume edited by Stamatoula Panagakou on Anglo-American Idealism) Draft version—not for quotation I The purpose of this article is to interpret the intellectual development of Michael Oakeshott as a young man, drawing on his published and unpublished works written between 1924 and 1929, when he was in his twenties. Oakeshott’s mature works are currently enjoying a wider readership, which attests to the growing interest in his thought. Yet their true significance will not be properly understood without appreciating the place of Oakeshott within the history of twentieth century philosophy. Such appreciation, however, requires a contextual analysis of his ideas. Contextualising Oakeshott is not a simple matter, not least because he himself was sharply opposed to this method, insisting that a truly great philosophy should connect us with eternity rather than be reduced to the banalities of its immediate context.1 His mature writings were intentionally idiosyncratic, as he rarely paid debt to his contemporaries, and even where he mentioned the works of others, such references were often misleading. Furthermore, his idiosyncratic style was accompanied by immense erudition. All these features of Oakeshott’s writings make any individual scholar’s embrace of the comprehensive meaning of his philosophy a daunting task. It is not surprising, then, that the contextual study of Oakeshott’s ideas has been slow to develop. The first serious attempts at contextualisation were made in the 1960s by W.H. -
Laurens Van Apeldoorn Is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and a Member of the Centre for Political Philosophy at Leiden University, the Netherlands
hobbes studies 31 (2018) 245-248 brill.com/hobs List of Contributors Laurens van Apeldoorn is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and a member of the Centre for Political Philosophy at Leiden University, the Netherlands. He has held visiting appoint- ments at the University of Toronto, the University of Montreal, King’s College London, and the University of Leuven. His research has appeared in journals including Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, History of European Ideas, and Hobbes Studies. Bernard Stefan Baumrin received a PhD from Johns Hopkins and a j.d. from Columbia Law School. He is Professor of Philosophy at cuny Graduate Center and Professor of Medi- cal Education at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He is the editor of a reis- sue of Selby-Bigge’s British Moralists (Hackett) and of Hobbes’s Leviathan (Wadsworth, 1969). David Boucher is Chair of Political Philosophy and International Relations at Cardiff Univer- sity, Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Johannesburg, and Vice President, Learned Society of Wales. He has published on a wide variety of subjects, including international relations; history of political thought; British Idealism; the political philosophy of R.G. Collingwood; and, cultural studies. He has held visiting fellowships in Oxford, the University of Johannesburg, Canterbury University, New Zealand, The Sun Yat Sen University, Taiwan; and the Australian National University. He is Chairman of the R.G. Collingwood So- ciety, and Director of the Collingwood and British Idealism Centre since 1993. His most recent books are Theories of International Relations from Thucydides the Present (1998), British Idealism and Political Theory (with Andrew Vincent, 2001), The Limits of Ethics in International Relations (2009), British Idealism: A Guide for the Perplexed (2011 with Andrew Vincent), and Appropriating Hobbes: Legacies in Politics, Law and International Relations (2018). -
Learning Uncertainty Date and Time Thursday, Dec 7, 09:30 – 11:00 Location Room Potsdam I/III
Plenary Title OEB Opening Plenary: Learning Uncertainty Date and Time Thursday, Dec 7, 09:30 – 11:00 Location Room Potsdam I/III Plenary Outline Uncertainty is the defining characteristic of our age. Are workplaces, governments and societies prepared for our uncertain future? How should universities, colleges, schools and workplaces adapt? What should employers do now to plan for the flexible workforce they will need in the future? OEB's Opening Plenary session is about acknowledging uncertainty and preparing for it. It shows how transformative education, training and learning can equip businesses, organisations and individuals with the skills to survive and prosper. Format The aim of the Plenary is to create interaction and the atmosphere of a giant conversation, to set the overall tone for the conference. From the get-go the audience will be encouraged by the moderator to be part and explore the themes and elements the 3 speakers raise in their talks via social media. This audience feedback will drive the direction of travel for the session after each talk and during the final part of the session. The proposed timings are: Nik 5 min (welcome and introductions), Aleks 15 min (on “The Tales, They Are a’Changing), Abigail 15 min (on “Clash of revolutions”), Pasi 15 min (on “Myths and Facts about the Future of Schooling”), Q&A with your audience 40 min. Audience Every year, OEB Global attracts over 2,300 participants from more than 90 countries worldwide, making it the most comprehensive annual meeting place for technology- supported learning and training professionals from the corporate, education and public service sectors. -
The University of Liverpool Germain Grisez's Natural Law and Creation
Germain Grisez’s natural law and creation theology as a framework for reflection on climate change and the ecological crisis Item Type Thesis or dissertation Authors Turvey, Jacaranda L. Citation Turvey, J. L. (2016). Germain Grisez’s natural law and creation theology as a framework for reflection on climate change and the ecological crisis (Doctoral dissertation). University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. Publisher University of Liverpool Download date 24/09/2021 13:20:50 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620347 The University of Liverpool Germain Grisez’s natural law and creation theology as a framework for reflection on climate change and the ecological crisis Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Jacaranda Lyn Turvey January 2016 Abstract My thesis is that a recovery of Germain Grisez’s theological ethics in relation to the environment and the application of his conservative Catholic methodology to climate change can yield a novel and significant contribution to Catholic theological reflection on this central challenge in an age of ecological crisis. This thesis argues that climate change and the wider ecological crisis are ‘signs of the times’—and hence are appropriate issues for Catholic theological reflection—both in principle and on the basis of their classification as such within the authoritative teaching of the Church’s magisterium. The scientific evidence for the phenomenon of anthropogenic global warming is robust and the UNFCCC establishes a collective legal obligation to deliver a greenhouse gas abatement strategy rigorous enough to prevent ‘dangerous anthropogenic interference with the earth’s climatic system’. -
BNS0023 Written Evidence Submitted by Nik Gowing and Chris Langdon
BNS0023 Written evidence submitted by Nik Gowing and Chris Langdon, Thinking the Unthinkable (TTU) project1 CONFRONTING GLOBAL THREATS AND DISRUPTION: HOW TO CHALLENGE OURSELVES TO THINK UNTHINKABLES Summary There is a natural institutional and personal resistance to Think the Unthinkable for major risks that are wrongly considered to be unlikely. The devastating nature of the subsequent shocks to our society from COVID-19 has obviously reinforced what our TTU work had already identified and warned about. It is the imperative to work and think more radically, whatever the professional and career risk in doing so. That does not come easy in government. Indeed, there are formidable in-built, institutional drag chains and resistances. Our focus is not just on the effectiveness of the bodies and institutions named and set out in the formal ambitions for this enquiry.2 It must also be about the human inefficiencies and vulnerabilities of those who work in them, and ultimately their relationships to those who make the final political decisions. However new realities within public service mean there is the likelihood of even greater risk aversion and professional fear among even the most talented, just when the opposite is needed. Our TTU work highlights how conformity and conformist attitudes are core limiters to the breadth or perceptions now needed to embrace unthinkables. That conformity carries a high cost. Our published work3 has already concluded that the conformity which qualifies many leaders for the top now disqualifies most of them from accepting, embracing then dealing with the new scale of risk and disruption. We are not optimistic that current cultures, mindsets and behaviours are anywhere close to being primed and prepared for innovating or transforming at the speed and scale that are necessary. -
The Annual Report of the British Idealism Specialist Group of the Political Studies Association of the United Kingdom
THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BRITISH IDEALISM SPECIALIST GROUP OF THE POLITICAL STUDIES ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2003 By Dr. Stamatoula Panagakou Department of Politics Derwent College University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS I. Report of Activities II. List of Officers III. List of Members IV. Financial Statement V. Proposed Activities for 2004 I. REPORT OF ACTIVITIES The PSA British Idealism Specialist Group was formally established on 2nd October 1999. Reports of the activities of the Specialist Group can be found at the following issues of the PSA NEWS: PSA News, Vol. 11, No. 2 (June 1999), p. 17 PSA News, Vol. 11, No. 4 (December 1999), p. 20 PSA News, Vol. 12, No. 3 (October 2001), p. 13 PSA News, Vol. 13, No. 3 (October 2002), p. 10 PSA News, Vol. 13, No. 4 (January 2003), p. 13 PSA News, Vol. 14, No. 2 (July 2003), p.3 In 2003, the PSA British Idealism Specialist Group undertook the following activities: PSA 53rd Annual Conference Colin Tyler organised one panel at the PSA 53rd Annual Conference, University of Leicester, 15th-17th April 2003. The title of the panel was: “Sovereignty and the Community.” The speakers were Maria Dimova-Cookson on “Community and Communitarianism in T. H. Green’s Political Philosophy” and Colin Tyler on “Sovereignty and Democracy in the Political Philosophy of Bernard Bosanquet.” Stamatoula Panagakou was the discussant. The panel was chaired by James Connelly. Stamatoula Panagakou organised and chaired a “Symposium on British Idealism and Political Theory.” The contributors were: Gary Browning, Maria Dimova-Cookson, James Connelly, Colin Tyler and Andrew Vincent. -
Representing the MAJORITY WORLD Famine, Photojournalism, and The
Durham E-Theses Representing the MAJORITY WORLD famine, photojournalism and the Changing Visual Economy CLARK, DAVID,JAMES How to cite: CLARK, DAVID,JAMES (2009) Representing the MAJORITY WORLD famine, photojournalism and the Changing Visual Economy , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/136/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 1 Contents 1. Abstract 2. Table of Contents 3. Introduction 4. Chapter 1: ‘Me, Me, Me’: Selfish, Dark and Imagined Visual Geographies 5. Chapter 2: The Photograph, Photojournalism and Geopolitics 6. Chapter 3: Digitised Image Markets and the Politics of Place 7. Chapter 4: Photographing Famine 8. Conclusion: The NGO Responds 9. Bibliography Cover Picture: Malike, Moma, and Leila having fun in Mali, West Africa. Years of drought and inter-community conflict have made life extremely hard for the communities here but they have persevered and are now growing food and finding ways to earn a living.