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MUDASIR AHMAD BHAT (Enrolment No CRITIQUE OF APARTHEID: A STUDY OF SELECT NOVELS OF NADINE GORDIMER THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN ENGLISH BY MUDASIR AHMAD BHAT (Enrolment No. GH-9660) Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. MUNIRA T. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (U.P.) INDIA 2019 Dr. Munira T WOMEN’S COLLEGE Women ’s College ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY Mobile: +91 9897502975 ALIGARH- 202002 Phone Off. : 0571- 2403541 E-mail ID : [email protected] Certificate Certified that Mr. Mudasir Ahmad Bhat has completed his Ph.D. thesis entitled, “Critique of Apartheid: A Study of Select Novels of Nadine Gordimer” under my supervision. He has completed his thesis according to ‘2009 UGC Regulations’. To the best of my knowledge, his work is original and worthy for submission for the award of Ph.D. degree. Dr. Munira. T Professor of English, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University ANNEXURE-I CANDIDATES’S DECLARATION I, Mudasir Ahmad Bhat, Department of English, certify that the work embodied in this Ph.D. thesis is my original work carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. Munira T., Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University. The matter embodied in this Ph.D. thesis has not been submitted for the award of any other degree. I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and referred to the researchers wherever their works have been cited in the text and the body of the thesis. I further certify that I have not wilfully copied paragraphs, text, data, result, etc., reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports, dissertations, thesis, etc., or available at web-sites and included them in this Ph.D. thesis and cited as my own work. Date: ……………….. Mudasir Ahmad Bhat ........................................................................................................................................ MaulanaCERTIFICATE Azad Library, FROM Aligarh THE Muslim SUPERVISOR University This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. Prof. Munira T. Women’s College A.M.U, Aligarh-India (Chairman) ANNEXURE-II COURSE/ COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION/ PRE-SUBMISSION SEMINAR COMPLETION CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Mudasir Ahmad Bhat (GH-9660), Department of English, has satisfactorily completed the course work/comprehensive examination and pre-submission seminar requirement which are part of his Ph.D. programme. Date: ……………… (Chairman) Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University ANNEXURE-III COPYRIGHT TRANSFER CERTIFICATE Title of the Thesis: Critique of Apartheid: A Study of Select Novels of Nadine Gordimer Candidate’s Name: Mudasir Ahmad Bhat Copyright Transfer The undersigned hereby assigns to the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh copyright that may exist in and for the above thesis submitted for the award of the Ph.D. degree. Signature of the Candidate Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University ........................................................................................................................................ Note: However, the author may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce material extracted verbatim from the thesis or derivative of the thesis for author’s personal use provided that the source and the University’s copyright notice are indicated. Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University U R K U N D Urkund Analysis Result Analysed Document: 4094 THesis Mudasir Ahmad Bhat GH9660 English AMU.docx (D60313365) Submitted: 12/5/2019 7:19:00 AM Submitted By: [email protected] Significance: 4 % Sources included in the report: My Thesis Ultimate.docx (D49323946) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid https://www.jyu.fi/viesti/verkkotuotanto/kp/sa/soc_racism.shtml https://lsa.umich.edu/content/dam/english-assets/migrated/honors_files/N%20MARCOUX.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Africa 22420e86-2c13-4ae8-aab1-be2f7c3987ab https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/73484/12/12_chapter%20-%20v.pdf https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/ariel/article/download/31423/25503 https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/ariel/article/view/31423/25503 https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/english/currentstudents/undergraduate/modules/fulllist/special/ newlits/37.4erritouni.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/269753352_Dialogue_with_the_Future_and_the_Political_Prophesy_in_Nadine_Gardi ner%27s_Novels https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jh/article/download/153031/142623 https://journals.openedition.org/ces/pdf/439 https://journals.openedition.org/ces/439 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145055425.pdf Instances where selected sources appear: 78 Dedicated To my Brother Abdul Hamid Bhat Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University Who always stood alongside me through thick and thin ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. All praise and thanks to almighty Allah Who enabled me to put in my best efforts to complete this work. I owe my sincere thanks to my supervisor Prof. Munira T. for her proficient supervision, patient reading, meticulous checking, suggestions and corrections during the course of my research. Her motherly affection, endless help and encouragement for the successful completion of this thesis is unique and will always be remembered. She has guided me with her scholarly observation and I could not have wished for a better mentor. I owe all my success to my dearest parents Gulam Nabi Bhat and Khurshee Begum, who always wished to see me touching great heights. Their unconditional love and morale-boosting always pulled me up whenever I felt dejected and despondent during my tenure at Aligarh Muslim University. My sincere thanks to my family members, whose special prayers were with me all the time and who always pushed me forward whenever I tried to step back. Without them this thesis would have been incomplete. I wish to acknowledge Prof Mohammad Rizwan Khan, Chairman, Department of English for his constant support and guidance. I am highly obliged to my teachers Prof Iffat Ara, Department of English, AMU, Mr. Fayaz Sultan, Assistant Professor Department of English, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama Kashmir, Mr. Jan Mohd Bhat, Assistant Professor Department of English, Govt. Degree College Pulwama, Prof Mohd Asim Siddique, Department of English, AMU and Prof Seemin Hassan, Department of English, AMU who have always been a source of inspiration for me. During the tenure of my PhD, I visited many libraries and received generous support everywhere. My special thanks to the staff of Maulana Azad Library,Maulana AMU, Aligarh Azad forLibrary, procurin Aligarhg some Muslimimportant University books related to my thesis. There is a long list of friends who were always associated with this thesis either with their intellectual thoughts or their wonderful companionship. Some of them deserve a special mention, Dr Imtiyaz Dar, Mr. Nisar Falahi, Mr. Zaheer Bhat, Dr Riyaz Wani, Mr. Irshad Parray, Maulana Ahmad Raza, Mr. Bilal Ahmad Dar, Dr Javid Bhat, Mr. Peer Mohd Ashraf, Dr Tufail Habib and Mr. Faizan Ahmad. I owe my sincere gratitude to my friends Mr. Mohd Rafiq Wani, Mr. Aijaz Ahmad Sheikh, Mr. Gowhar Dar, Mr. Bhagirath Khuman, Mr. Aadil Zaffar and Dr Irfan Dar who have been generous enough in encouraging me and helping me to finish my thesis with their timely help. I have also been lucky enough to be in their company. My special thanks to my childhood friends and well-wishers Mr. Riyaz Bhat and Mr. Feroz Dar. Sincere thanks also to Rabiya Ahmad, research scholar from University of Kashmir for her companionship when I needed it the most. Last but not the least, I would like to express gratitude to my fellow Research Scholars Mr. Firoj Ahmad, Mr. Ahmad Abdullah, Mr. Sajad Rasheed, Mr. Ummer Bashir and Mr. Nadeem Khurshid. Mudasir Ahmad Bhat Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University Abstract ABSTRACT This study is an attempt to study Nadine Gordimer's select novels and understand her abhorrence towards apartheid and the role played by her in taking South Africa out of the racial quagmire. The following novels have been included in the study: The Lying Days (1953), A World of Strangers (1958), Burger’s Daughter (1979), July’s People (1981) and My Son’s Story (1990). The introduction of this thesis attempts to describe the historical background of the study. An idea of South African history is essential because Gordimer’s literary corpus is entwined with the history of South Africa and she has been called as the ‘apartheid historian’. Initially a detailed description is given about the ideology of Apartheid and the way it started spreading its roots in South Africa. Some of the important laws passed during the period of apartheid which curtailed the rights of blacks also find depiction in the introduction of the thesis. Resistance on the part of black South Africans and various organisations is also dealt with in the introduction. It also talks about Indian stand against racism and the role played by India to get apartheid dismantled in South Africa. Besides this, it provides a brief description about South African literature and the various writers who were eye witness to apartheid and made it as the central theme of their writing. Gordimer has won world wide attention as a critique of apartheid. Several books as well as a number of essays and articles have been written on her. In the “Review
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