Archaeological
Desk Based Assessment
______
Brockley Hill, Stanmore
- New Banqueting
Facility, Brockley Hill,
London Borough of
Harrow
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 1 June 2020 | Project Ref 6129A
Project Number: 06129A File Origin: P:\HC\Projects\Projects 6001-6500\6101 - 6200\06129 - Former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Club, Brockley Hill\AC\Reports\2020.08.25 - Brockley Hill DBAv3.docx
Author with date Reviewer code, with date
AJ, 25.02.2020 RD-0023, 25.02.2020
JM-0057,13.08.202019
JM, 25.08.2020 HGH Consulting, 15.08.2020
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Contents
Non-Technical Summary
1. Introduction ...... 6 2. Methodology ...... 13 3. Relevant Policy Framework ...... 16 4. Archaeological Background ...... 21 5. Proposed Development, Assessment of Significance and Potential Effects ...... 37 6. Conclusions ...... 41 7. Sources Consulted ...... 43 8. Figures ...... 46
Appendices
Appendix 1: Greater London Historic Environment Record Data Figures
Fig. 1 Site Location
Fig. 2 Modern Google Satellite Image
Fig. 3 Geology of the Site
Fig. 4 Topography of the Site including 1m Lidar data where available
Fig. 5 Designated archaeological assets within the 1km radius study area
Fig. 6 Non-designated archaeological assets (Prehistoric-Roman) within the 1km radius study area
Fig. 7 Non-designated archaeological assets (Early Medieval to Modern) within the 1km radius study area
Fig. 8 Archaeological investigations within the 1km radius study area
Fig. 9 Location of archaeological evaluation trenches in relationship to the conjectured line of the Roman road (Watling Street). The rectangle denotes the watching brief area (Bowsher 1995)
Fig. 10 1838. Little Stanmore Tithe Map
Fig. 11 1896. Ordnance Survey 2nd Edition 25-inch scale
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Fig. 12 1962-4. Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale
Fig. 13 1991. Ordnance Survey 1;1250 scale
Fig. 14 Development Proposals showing the full site
Fig. 15 Detailed plan showing the main area of the proposed development and line of APA
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 4 Non-Technical Summary
This archaeological desk-based assessment has been prepared by Archaeology Collective, on behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd. to inform proposals for the Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility. The proposals are to build a new banqueting facility on the site of the former clubhouse of the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre, Brockley Hill, in the London Borough of Harrow. The proposals are for the demolition of existing golf club buildings (Use Class D2) and construction of a new banqueting facility (Use Class D2), widening of existing vehicular access from Brockley Hill, car and cycle parking, waste / recycling storage, landscape enhancements and associated works.
This report has confirmed that the Site does not contain any designated archaeological assets such as world heritage sites, scheduled monuments, protected wrecks, registered battlefields or registered parks & gardens where there would be a presumption in favour of their physical preservation in situ and against development.
The Site lies on the west side of the A5 Brockley Hill, which follows the line of a major Roman road, known as Watling Street. The course of a medieval road probably lies between the Roman and modern road lines. A corridor along the western side of the modern road, including the site access, lies within a London Borough of Harrow Archaeological Priority Area, defined to protect archaeological remains that might be affected by development.
Based on the information within the Greater London Historic Environment Record, supplemented by historic mapping from the mid-18th century onwards, and documentary research, the Site has been shown to have a low to medium potential for encountering archaeological remains on undisturbed ground adjacent to and/or beneath the present clubhouse. There is a high probability that proposals to widen the entranceway onto the modern A5 will encounter traces of the Roman road itself, together with the westernmost of its flanking ditches, and possibly also Roman settlement traces or burials alongside it.
The conclusions of this assessment are in accordance with both national and local planning policy.
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1. Introduction Background
1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been prepared by Archaeology Collective on behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd. Documentary and cartographic research was carried out by Dr. Anne Johnson BA (Hons) PhD FSA MCIfA. The report has been updated by James Meek MCIfA, Director Archaeology Collective in August 2020.
1.2 The subject of this assessment (hereafter known as the Site) stands on the west side of the A5 Brockley Hill, immediately east of Stanmore Country Park, and c.1.3km northeast of the centre of Stanmore, within the London Borough of Harrow The location is shown on Figures 1 & 2.
1.3 The proposed development involves the demolition of the existing golf club buildings (of the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre) (Use Class D2) and construction of a new banqueting facility (Use Class D2), widening of existing vehicular access from Brockley Hill, car and cycle parking, waste / recycling storage, landscape enhancements and associated works. The major impacts of groundworks will be confined to the footprint of the former clubhouse (centred at NGR 517766,193358) and proposed widening of the existing vehicular access onto the A5 road (Brockley Hill). The majority of the former golf club area within the application boundary will not be developed.
1.4 The purpose of this assessment is to determine and assess the archaeological potential of the Site and to assess the significance of any relevant heritage assets identified. The report is informed by site inspection, historical information, and by data relating to archaeological assets. It seeks to provide sufficient information to allow an informed understanding of the potential impact of the proposed development on the significance of those assets, and to consider the need for solutions (design, engineering etc.) where necessary. This assessment will not address designated or non-designated built heritage assets such as listed buildings, locally listed buildings or conservation areas.
1.5 The report considers heritage assets of archaeological interest, including finds/findspots of artefactual and ecofactual material (e.g. stone tools, bone), and locations, features or objects referenced from historic documents. Where appropriate, it refers to archaeological and palaeo-environmental deposits, including sub-surface archaeological remains of features, buildings and structures.
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1.6 This assessment has been prepared in accordance with Standards and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment1 published by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA). It takes into account the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and other local planning policy and guidance where relevant.
1.7 This desk-based assessment comprises an examination of digital data held by the Historic England Greater London Historic Environment Record (GLHER) together with documentary research. It incorporates a map regression indicating the impact of change over time.
1.8 This data has been collected for an area comprising a 1km radius of the Site boundary, which is referred to as the ‘study area’. This radius has been selected on the basis of professional judgment as being sufficient to determine the archaeological potential of the Site, taking into account its location, topography, and character. Geology
1.9 The British Geological Survey identifies the underlying solid geology across the Site as London Clay Formation (clay & silt); no superficial deposits are recorded. Moving further north towards Wood Lane and the top of Brockley Hill, the clay, silt and sand bedrock of the Claygate Member is overlain by superficial deposits of Stanmore Gravel Formation (sand & gravel) (Figure 3).
1.10 The soils are recorded as slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils with moderate fertility,2 heavy soils which would not have been conducive to early agriculture and settlement, in contrast to the superficial deposits of sand and gravel further up Brockley Hill.
1.11 There is no site-specific geotechnical information currently available.
Topography
1.12 The Site lies on the southern slope of Brockley Hill, which rises from c.70m AOD at Canon’s Corner, c.740m southeast of the clubhouse, to 140m AOD on the top of Brockley Hill, c.650m to the north-northeast of the clubhouse (Figure 4). There is a distinct break of slope immediately north of the former golf driving range building at the rear of the clubhouse, with the ground becoming significantly steeper. The land to the south of the clubhouse, partially occupied by car parking bays, was landscaped
1 CIfA. Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment 2017 2 http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/
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and terraced in the middle of the 20th century for the construction of a sports ground. Site Visit
Plate 1. The front (south side) of the former clubhouse.
Plate 2. The front of the former clubhouse seen from the southwest.
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Plate 3. Steps up to the former clubhouse from the southeast.
Plate 4. Carpark, looking south from the former clubhouse.
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Plate 6. Looking west towards the clubhouse from the A5 Brockley Hill road.
Plate 5. Current entrance onto the A5, looking north up Brockley Hill.
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Plate 7. Covered driving range at the rear of the clubhouse.
Plate 8. Looking east from the covered driving range towards the A5 Brockley Hill.
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Plate 9. Driving range, looking northwards up the hill towards Wood Lane.
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2. Methodology Sources
2.1 In preparing this assessment we have compiled readily available archaeological and historical information from documentary and cartographic sources, primarily:
Information held by the Greater London Historic Environment Record on known archaeological sites, monuments and findspots within 1km of the Site (i.e. the study area);
Maps and documents held by London Metropolitan Archives and online; The Bodleian Library, Oxford;
The National Archives; and The National Heritage List for England curated by Historic England.
2.2 The information gathered from the above sources has been verified and augmented as far as possible, in order to arrive at conclusions on the significance of the various heritage assets and archaeological remains that have been identified. Assessment
2.3 The assessment seeks to understand and define the significance of heritage assets identified from the sources above, taking into account the categories of special interest defined in the NPPF, primarily archaeological interest, historic interest, architectural interest and artistic interest.
2.4 The importance of a heritage asset is the overall value assigned to it based on its heritage significance, reflecting its statutory designation or, in the case of undesignated assets, the professional judgement of the assessor (Table 1).
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Table 1: Criteria for Assessing the Importance of Heritage Assets
Importance of Criteria the asset
Very high World Heritage Sites and other assets of equal international importance
High Grade I and II* Registered Parks and Gardens, Scheduled Monuments, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Battlefields, Grade I and II* Listed Buildings, and undesignated heritage assets of equal importance
Medium Conservation Areas, Grade II Registered Parks and Gardens, Grade II Listed Buildings, heritage assets on local lists and undesignated assets of equal importance
Low Undesignated heritage assets of lesser importance
2.5 The assessment also considers change to the setting and significance of heritage assets, where appropriate. Potential for unknown heritage assets
2.6 Archaeological features are often impossible to identify through desk-based assessment. The likelihood that significant undiscovered heritage assets may be present within the application site is referred to as archaeological potential. Overall levels of potential can be assigned to different landscape zones, following the criteria in Table 2, while recognising that the archaeological potential of any zone will relate to particular historical periods and types of evidence. The following factors are considered in assessing archaeological potential:
The distribution and character of known archaeological remains in the vicinity, based principally on an appraisal of data in the HER;
The history of archaeological fieldwork and research in the surrounding area, which may give an indication of the reliability and completeness of existing records;
Environmental factors such as geology, topography and soil quality, which would have influenced land-use in the past and can therefore be used to predict the distribution of archaeological remains;
Land-use factors affecting the survival of archaeological remains, such as ploughing or commercial forestry planting; and
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Factors affecting the visibility of archaeological remains, which may relate to both environment and land-use, such as soils and geology (which may be more or less conducive to formation of cropmarks), arable cultivation (which has potential to show cropmarks and create surface artefact scatters), vegetation, which can conceal upstanding features, and superficial deposits such as peat and alluvium which can mask archaeological features.
2.7 In light of the above, the assessment of significant heritage of this report has been prepared in a robust manner, employing current best practice professional guidance and giving due regard to the methodology detailed above. Archaeological Potential
2.8 The report concludes with (1) an assessment of the archaeological potential of the Site, (2) an assessment of the significance of any archaeological remains that may be present, and (3) an assessment of the likely effects of the proposed development on heritage assets, both in terms of physical impact and (where relevant) change to setting.
Table 2: Archaeological potential
Potential Definition
High Hitherto unknown archaeological remains are very likely to be present within the site or have been identified through the assessment, either as numerous recorded heritage assets lie within the study area or are known within parts of the Site
Medium There is a good possibility that hitherto unknown archaeological remains will be present based on the assessment due to the quantity of known remains in the vicinity, or from the location of the site
Low The Site may contain undiscovered heritage assets, but few have been identified within the study area, or due to the location of the site
Negligible The study area is highly unlikely to contain undiscovered heritage assets of any period as none are recorded in the study area or due to the location of the site being unfavourable for archaeological remains
Nil There is no possibility of undiscovered heritage assets existing within the Site due to previous disturbance such as quarrying or previous ground reduction.
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3. Relevant Policy Framework National Planning Policy Framework
3.1 The significance of a heritage asset is defined in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2019 as being made up of four main constituents, architectural interest, historical interest, archaeological interest and artistic interest. The setting of the heritage asset can also contribute to its significance. Setting is defined in the NPPF as follows:
“The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.”
3.2 The assessments of setting and significance (and the assessments of impact) are normally made with primary reference to the four main elements of special significance identified in the NPPF.
3.3 Paragraph 197 of the NPPF describes the approach to be taken towards non- designated heritage assets, as follows:
“The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that directly or indirectly affect non-designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.”
3.4 Footnote 63 of the NPPF, which is attached to paragraph 197, states that “Non- designated heritage assets of archaeological interest, which are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for designated heritage assets.” Further guidance on non-designated heritage assets is contained in National Planning Practice Guidance, as revised in July 2019, notably paragraph 040 which states that “Irrespective of how they are identified, it is important that the decisions to identify them as non-designated heritage assets are based on sound evidence”, and paragraph 041 which in full reads as follows:
“What are non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest and how important are they?
The National Planning Policy Framework identifies two categories of non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest:
(1) Those that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments and are therefore considered subject to the same policies as those for designated
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heritage assets (National Planning Policy Framework footnote 63). They are of 3 types:
those that have yet to be formally assessed for designation.
those that have been assessed as being nationally important and therefore, capable of designation, but which the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport has exercised his/her discretion not to designate.
those that are incapable of being designated by virtue of being outside the scope of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 because of their physical nature.
The reason why many nationally important monuments are not scheduled is set out in the document Scheduled Monuments, published by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Information on location and significance of such assets is found in the same way as for all heritage assets. Judging whether sites fall into this category may be assisted by reference to the criteria for scheduling monuments. Further information on scheduled monuments can be found on the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport’s website.
(2) Other non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest. By comparison this is a much larger category of lesser heritage significance, although still subject to the conservation objective. On occasion the understanding of a site may change following assessment and evaluation prior to a planning decision and move it from this category to the first.
Where an asset is thought to have archaeological interest, the potential knowledge which may be unlocked by investigation may be harmed even by minor disturbance, because the context in which archaeological evidence is found is crucial to furthering understanding.
Decision-making regarding such assets requires a proportionate response by local planning authorities. Where an initial assessment indicates that the site on which development is proposed includes or has potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, applicants should be required to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. However, it is estimated that following the initial assessment of archaeological interest only a small proportion – around 3% – of all planning applications justify a requirement for detailed assessment.”
3.5 Paragraph 199 of the NPPF also makes provision for the recording of heritage assets that are likely to be demolished or destroyed by development.
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Relevant Local Policies
3.6 The following local policies are relevant to the historic environment and this assessment.
The London Plan – Consolidated with Alterations since 2011 (including REMA 2013 and FALP 2015)
3.7 The London Plan, the spatial development strategy for London, was formally adopted in 2011 and replaced the earlier London Plan (2008). In October 2013 the Mayor published the Revised Early Minor Alterations to the London Plan (REMA), which now also form part of the Plan. Further Alterations to the London Plan (FALP) were adopted in March 2015. Subsequently Minor Alterations to the London Plan (MALP) were published in March 2016. REMA included updates to paragraph 7.31 supporting Policy 7.8 which refers to heritage assets and archaeology. The Draft New London Plan has been published for consultation, but has not yet been adopted.
3.8 The following current policies are relevant to this assessment:
POLICY 7.8 HERITAGE ASSETS AND ARCHAEOLOGY
Strategic
London’s heritage assets and historic environment, including listed buildings, registered historic parks and gardens and other natural and historic landscapes, conservation areas, world heritage sites, registered battlefields, scheduled monuments, archaeological remains and memorials should be identified, so that the desirability of sustaining and enhancing their significance and of utilising their positive role in place shaping can be taken into account.
Development should incorporate measures that identify, record, interpret, protect and, where appropriate, present the site’s archaeology.
Planning decisions
Development should identify, value, conserve, restore, re-use and incorporate heritage assets, where appropriate.
Development affecting heritage assets and their settings should conserve their significance, by being sympathetic to their form, scale, materials and architectural detail.
New development should make provision for the protection of archaeological resources, landscapes and significant memorials. The physical assets should, where possible, be made available to the public on-site. Where the archaeological asset or memorial cannot be preserved or managed on-site, provision must be made for the
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investigation, understanding, recording, dissemination and archiving of that asset.
LDF preparation
Boroughs should, in LDF policies, seek to maintain and enhance the contribution of built, landscaped and buried heritage to London’s environmental quality, cultural identity and economy as part of managing London’s ability to accommodate change and regeneration.
Boroughs, in consultation with English Heritage, Natural England and other relevant statutory organisations, should include appropriate policies in their LDFs for identifying, protecting, enhancing and improving access to the historic environment and heritage assets and their settings where appropriate, and to archaeological assets, memorials and historic and natural landscape character within their area. Harrow Core Strategy
3.9 Harrow Core Strategy (2012) has the following policy regarding heritage assets:
Policy CS1 D
Proposals that would harm the significance of heritage assets including their setting will be resisted. The enhancement of heritage assets will be supported and encouraged.
Harrow Development Policies Local Plan
3.10 Harrow Development Policies Local Plan (2013) has the following policy relevant to this assessment:
Policy DM 7
Heritage Assets
Managing Heritage Assets
A. When assessing proposals affecting heritage assets, including non designated heritage assets, priority over other policies in the DPD will be afforded to the conservation of the assets affected and their setting as appropriate to the significance of the assets. Proposals that secure the preservation, conservation or enhancement of a heritage asset and its setting, or which secure opportunities for sustainable enjoyment of the historic environment, will be approved.
B. The impact of proposals affecting heritage assets will be assessed having regard to:
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a. emerging or adopted supplementary planning documents, including character appraisals and management plans or other relevant documents;
b. relevant issues of design, appearance and character including proportion, scale, height, massing, bulk, alignment, materials, historic fabric, use, features, location, relationship with adjacent assets, setting, layout, plan form and landscaping;
c. the preference to be afforded to proposals that both conserve and sustain heritage assets and their setting;
d. any sustainable economic benefits;
e. the need to mitigate climate change and to ensure that heritage assets are resilient to the effects of climate change; and
f. the desirability of increasing understanding and interpretation of heritage assets; and
g. the reversibility of any change.
C. The Council will use planning conditions and planning obligations where necessary to secure the exploitation of opportunities for sustainable public access to the historic environment.
Archaeology
H. In addition to (A) and (B) above, when considering proposals affecting an archaeological priority area, the Council will have regard to:
a. the known or anticipated significance of the archaeology;
b. the likely implications of the proposal upon the archaeology; and
c. the need to preserve the archaeology in situ; or
d. the adequacy of arrangements for the investigation, recording, archiving and (where appropriate) curation of archaeology not requiring preservation in situ.
3.11 The above Acts, Regulations, plans and policies have been taken into account in the preparation of this assessment.
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4. Archaeological Background Introduction
4.1 This assessment considers the archaeological potential of the proposed development. It does not consider built heritage aspects (listed buildings, locally listed buildings and conservation areas) or their settings.
4.2 The Site does not lie within the boundary of a designated archaeological asset, such as a scheduled monument or registered battlefield where there would be a presumption in favour of preservation in situ and against development proceeding.
4.3 Two scheduled monuments lie within the 1km radius study area: Linear earthworks in Pear Wood, W of Watling Street, and Brockley Hill Romano-British pottery and settlement (Figure 5).
4.4 The London Borough of Harrow Archaeological Priority Area (‘Possible site of the Roman settlement of Sulloniacae’) runs along the northeastern part of the Site adjacent to Brockley Hill. This area has the potential for the survival of the Roman road, known as Watling Street, whose line is believed to underlie the present A5 Brockley Hill road, together with archaeological evidence for possible settlement, pottery kilns or burials alongside it.
4.5 The Greater London Historic Environment Record records 104 non-designated archaeological assets within the wider (1km radius) study area (Figures 6 & 7): 20 prehistoric, 51 Roman, one early medieval/Saxon, six medieval, 19 post-medieval & modern, and seven undated.
Designated Heritage Assets of Archaeological Interest
4.6 The identification of relevant designated heritage assets of archaeological interest beyond the application site that potentially could be affected by the proposed development (Step 1 of the HE guidance3) was determined, in the first instance through an initial desk top analysis. This process identified that two scheduled monuments within the 1km study area constitute ‘designated heritage assets’ under the definition provided at Annex 2 of the NPPF: ‘Linear earthworks in Pear Wood, W
3 Historic England 2017
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of Watling Street’,4 and ‘Brockley Hill Romano-British pottery and settlement’, situated on either side of the road at the top of the hill (Figure 5).5
Linear earthworks in Pear Wood, W of Watling Street
4.7 The Historic England description of the Pear Wood linear earthworks scheduled monument is as follows:
The monument, which falls into separate areas, includes a linear earthwork denoted by two banks and a ditch in Pear Wood. It is situated across a south-east facing slope of Brockley Hill near Stanmore.
On the north side is a bank and to the south is a V-shaped ditch. A further minor bank is situated south of the ditch. The northernmost bank was originally at least 2m high and the ditch has been recorded through partial excavation to be up to 7m wide and 1.8m deep. However the earthwork has been truncated along parts of its length through gravel extraction and the bank has been levelled in places. The ditch has become part in-filled and largely survives as a buried feature. It is orientated north- east to south-west and follows a linear course for 355m from a point just south-east of Pear Wood Cottages towards Wood Farm. It traverses and gradually ascends the hill in a diagonal route.
The linear earthwork in Pear Wood is possibly an easterly continuation of Grim’s Ditch. In 1948-9, 1954-9 and 1973, the site at Pear Wood was partially excavated but conclusive dating evidence was not obtained. The finds recovered on or in the vicinity of the earthwork included Iron Age and Roman pottery sherds, tile fragments, iron nails, a glass bowl and jar. In 1985, geophysical survey was carried out to investigate whether it was linked to Grim’s Ditch. No evidence was found, although gravel extraction may have removed traces of a join and/or the survey may not have been set to probe deep enough.
4.8 Amongst the reasons given by Historic England for the designation of this site as a scheduled monument is the following:
Linear boundaries are substantial earthwork features comprising single or multiple ditches and banks which may extend over distances varying between less than 1km to over 10km. They survive as earthworks or as linear features visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs or as a combination of both. The evidence of excavation and study of associated monuments demonstrate that their construction spans at least a millennium from the Middle Bronze Age, although they may have been re-used later. The scale of many linear boundaries has been taken to indicate that they were constructed by large social groups and were used to mark important boundaries in
4 Historic England List Entry No. 1001996. 5 Historic England List Entry No. 1018006.
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the landscape; their impressive scale displaying the corporate prestige of their builders. They would have been powerful symbols, often with religious associations, used to define and order the territorial holdings of those groups who constructed them. Linear earthworks are of considerable importance for the analysis of settlement and land use from the Bronze Age onwards; all well preserved examples will normally merit statutory protection.
Despite having been part-levelled, truncated and disturbed in the past, the linear earthwork in Pear Wood survives well. It will contain archaeological and environmental information relating to the earthwork and the landscape in which it was constructed.
Brockley Hill Romano-British pottery and settlement
4.9 The Historic England description of Brockley Hill Romano-British pottery and settlement scheduled monument is as follows:
The monument includes buried remains of an extensive Romano-British pottery manufacturing site, a contemporary and later Romano-British settlement and part of the Roman road (Watling Street) alongside which both industry and settlement developed. Also included is a section of the later roadway which perpetuated the route of the Roman road into the medieval and post-medieval period, prior to the formalisation of the present A5. The remains are in two areas of protection.
The centre of pottery manufacture originated near the summit of Brockley Hill (which must have provided all the necessary elements of suitable clay sources, natural springs and an abundant supply of wood for fuel) and developed along both sides of Watling Street around the area now occupied by the older part of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. Evidence for the manufacturing site cannot be seen on the ground, although numerous small-scale excavations since 1937 have revealed well- preserved remains extending across the grounds of Brockley Hill House (the former nurses' home) on the western side of the road, and along the eastern side of the road opposite the frontage of the hospital. Although the pottery manufacturing site and associated settlement almost certainly extended along the road frontage and into the area of the Orthopaedic Hospital, the remains in this area are not sufficiently understood to be included in the scheduling.
The earliest discoveries were located on the eastern side of the modern road opposite the junction with Wood Lane. Between 1947 and 1971 further areas were investigated within the grounds of Brockley Hill House and in the fields to the south and east, revealing the remains of kilns and workshops, clay extraction pits, puddling hollows, wells, preparation floors and large accumulations of kiln waste. Fourteen kilns have been discovered to date, demonstrating a variety of forms and a sequence of activity which began around AD 60 and reached a peak of production towards the end of the first century. The kilns produced a range of bowls, flagons and jars for use as everyday cooking, storage and table wares. Most significantly, the site has been
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identified as a principal production centre for mortaria (mixing bowls with granular interior surfaces) during the first century - a product which, prior to the early excavations at Brockley Hill, was thought to have been exclusively manufactured on the continent. At least 14 individual potters, or their workshops, have been identified from names stamped on vessels. Among these is the potter `Doinus', whose mortaria kiln was discovered immediately to the south of Brockley Hill House in 1971 and whose products have been unearthed on Roman sites as far north as Cumbria and lowland Scotland.
Pottery production declined from AD 120 and finally ceased around AD 160 as other centres, particularly in Oxfordshire, Warwickshire and the Nene Valley expanded. The area continued to be settled however, and there is evidence in the form of coins and pottery (not manufactured on the site) to suggest that occupation of a more domestic nature continued until the fourth century.
4.10 Amongst the reasons given by Historic England for the designation of this site as a scheduled monument is the following:
The pottery manufacturing site at Brockley Hill is one of the earliest known examples in Roman Britain which, at its zenith in the late first century AD, was also one of the most successful ventures of its kind. Pottery from Brockley Hill supplied London and the south east and even reached into northern England, North Wales and the lowlands of Scotland. Small-scale excavations have demonstrated the presence of a wealth of archaeological evidence, often well-preserved, which provides significant information concerning the scale of production, the range of products and the technology involved in their manufacture. Of particular importance is the evidence for the major production of mortaria and the indications, provided by the potters' stamps, of a technological migration from Romanised Gaul shortly after the Roman Conquest. Sections of Watling Street, one of the most important roads within the Roman province, are preserved alongside the site of the pottery. These provide evidence for the means of transportation which allowed the pottery's products to reach such a large market. The later settlement, perhaps identified as the `Sulloniacis' mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary, may also have relied on the trade and transport afforded by the Roman road. Non-Designated Heritage Assets
Archaeological Priority Area (APA)
4.11 The London Borough of Harrow Archaeological Priority Area ‘Possible site of the Roman settlement of Sullonicae’ encroaches into the northeastern part of the site area. This also covers the location of the Roman road leading southeast from the Brockley Hill Romano-British pottery and settlement and it is this section of the APA
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which runs across the northeastern boundary of the Site and is discussed further below.
4.12 An Archaeological Priority Area (APA) is a defined as “an area where, according to existing information, there is significant known archaeological interest or particular potential for new discoveries”.6
4.13 The primary purpose of APAs in the planning system is described as follows7:
‘Up-to-date Archaeological Priority Areas provide a sound evidence based spatial framework for local plan making and decision taking. They map areas of known archaeological interest justified by a statement of significance which indicates the nature of the interest to be considered. Their primary purpose is to help highlight at an early stage where a development proposal may affect a heritage asset of archaeological interest and so trigger early consultation with the borough’s archaeological adviser on the need for site specific assessment and field evaluation. The results of such assessment and evaluation could raise or lower the archaeological significance of the site and its surrounding area either through entirely new discoveries or better understanding of previously known assets. Assessment can also indicate how a heritage interest could be better revealed and used to enhance the local area’.
Table 3: Archaeology Priority Area risk table (GLAAS)
6 https://historicengland.org.uk/services-skills/our-planning-services/greater-london-archaeology- advisory-service/greater-london-archaeological-priority-areas/ 7 https://historicengland.org.uk/services-skills/our-planning-services/greater-london-archaeology- advisory-service/greater-london-archaeological-priority-areas/
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4.14 Many of the London Borough APAs have been categorised into one of three tiers according to their sensitivity to development. The general scheme is shown in the table published by the Historic England/Greater London Archaeological Advisory Service (GLAAS) above. The Harrow APAs have not yet been categorised in this way, and are currently only available as maps,8 although they are due to be reviewed imminently.
4.15 According to Table 3 above, the current development of land of less than 0.5ha would be considered to be a minor development. As a worst case, assuming the APA was considered at a Tier 1 level, the proposed development would be considered a high risk to archaeology within the APA. If a Tier 2, moderate risk or if a Tier 3, low risk.
Other Non-Designated Archaeological Assets
4.16 This section considers the archaeological finds and features from within the 250m study area, held within the GLHER, together with a map regression exercise charting the history of the application site from the mid- 18th century to the present day.
8 https://historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/planning/apa-harrow-pdf/
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Timescales
4.17 Timescales used in this assessment: Table 4: Timescales
Period Approximate date Prehistoric Palaeolithic – c.450,000 – 12,000 BC Mesolithic – c. 12,000 – 4000 BC Neolithic – c.4000 – 1800 BC Bronze Age – c.1800 – 600 BC
Iron Age – c.600 BC – AD 43 Historic Roman (Romano-British) – AD 43 – c. AD 410 Saxon / Early Medieval – c. AD 410 – AD 1066
Medieval– 1066 –1485 Post-Medieval Period – 1485 – 1760 Industrial Period – 1760 – 1901 Modern – 1901 – Present
4.18 The GLHER map and list showing the distribution of entries within the 1km radius study area is shown at Figures 6 & 7.
Prehistoric
4.19 The GLHER holds records for 20 assets of prehistoric date within the study area; none are recorded within the Golf Centre grounds.
4.20 The Palaeolithic period (Old Stone Age) represents the earliest known period of human culture. This period was a time of significant environmental change in the British Isles, represented by alternating glacial and warmer phases. The hunter- gatherers of this period came to Britain during interglacial periods, and following the last Ice Age, at a time when Britain and the continent were still linked by a land bridge. Subsequent erosion has removed many of the land-surfaces on which Palaeolithic people lived and hunted and consequently very little evidence survives for their temporary camp sites, apart from characteristic large stone (mainly flint) handaxes, which are often found on river terraces during gravel extraction, usually
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as residual artefacts, having been re-deposited by later fluvial action.9 No implements of this date have been recorded from within the study area.
4.21 During the Mesolithic period (c.12,000 BC) the climate warmed, transforming the landscape from a treeless steppe-tundra to dense birch and pine woodland, attracting hunter gatherer communities who moved between seasonal camps, following herds of animals, fishing, and making more sophisticated flint tools. By c.6000 BC, the ice sheets had finally melted, sea levels rose and Britain became an island. The majority of Mesolithic material found in Greater London consists of isolated flintwork from surface or riverine contexts, rather than in situ structural remains, suggesting transitory activities such as fishing and wild fowling on the mud flats.10 One of the best examples of activity of this period found in Greater London comes from flint scatters found along the edge of a former lake in Bermondsey.11 Several Mesolithic flints found during fieldwalking by Hendon & District Archaeological Society on the east side of the A5, opposite the golf course (MLO16995). A possible Mesolithic flint core was found in a residual context during excavations within the Roman settlement at the top of Brockley Hill (MLO21387). Three flints found in the topsoil during the course of the Silk Stream Flood Alleviation Scheme at Bury Farm, on the eastern edge of the study area, may indicate activity in the area, although the possibility that they derived from dumped material brought from elsewhere could not be discounted (MLO98246).
4.22 The Neolithic period (New Stone Age) is characterised by the first farming communities, who carried out large-scale woodland clearance to provide land for the cultivation of crops and animal rearing. Although the pace of woodland clearance varied regionally depending on a variety of climatic, topographic, social and other factors, the overall trend was one of gradually increasing forest clearance and settlement. These settled communities were the first to build large earth and stone- built monuments for burial, and probable ceremonial and ritual functions. Pottery vessels appeared for the first time alongside the continued refinement of flint tools and weapons. The Bronze Age is named from the introduction of bronze metalworking technology for the manufacture of both tools and weapons, which became increasingly widespread during the third-second millennium BC, although flint tools were still widely used. By the start of the late prehistoric (Iron Age) period c. 600 BC, large parts of the region are likely to have been exploited with extensive areas of enclosed farmland for both arable cultivation and stock rearing, together with settlements and communal sites.
9 Juby 2011. 10 Lewis 2000. 11 Sidell et al. 2002.
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4.23 The findspots of sherds of late Neolithic- Early Bronze Age pottery (MLO68463) and later prehistoric (Iron Age) ‘Belgic’ pottery (MLO68464) are recorded on the east side of the A5 road, almost opposite the entrance to the Site.
4.24 ‘Prehistoric flint implements of various types’ (and of uncertain date) are reported to have been found when the field north of the golf course was ploughed in 1957 (MLO15610), and further flint scrapers were recorded in the vicinity of Pear Wood to the north (MLO68475). Although their origin is uncertain, it is possible that the earthworks within the wood form part of the large linear earthwork which is still visible in sections between Pinner Green and Stanmore, known as ‘Grim’s Dyke’. Although the dating of this earthwork remains uncertain, it is thought to have been constructed between the later prehistoric (Iron Age) and early medieval (Saxon) periods (MLO17281).
4.25 Several finds of Neolithic and Bronze Age artefacts have been found in residual contexts in the course of archaeological excavations within the Roman settlement at Brockley Hill. They include a Neolithic axe (MLO15603), a Neolithic polished stone adze (MLO17307), a late Neolithic or Bronze Age polished flint ‘fabricator (MLO15643), a number of flint tools, flakes and cores (MLO6959), a Bronze Age flint arrowhead (MLO17309), a sherd of a Bronze Age bucket urn (MLO57187), several rim sherds of late Bronze Age or early Iron Age pottery vessels (MLO9272) and later prehistoric ‘Belgic’ pottery sherds (MLO15644).
4.26 One of the few structural features of prehistoric date found within the extensive excavated areas on the top of Brockley Hill is a pit containing later prehistoric (Iron Age) ‘Belgic’ pottery (MLO17000).
4.27 The GLHER records the possibility that the small rectangular enclosure with an opening towards the A5, which stood close to the junction with London Road, c.620m southeast of the Site, prior to the construction of the MOD buildings, may have been prehistoric in origin (MLO15613).
4.28 Extensive archaeological investigations within the study area, mainly from the top of Brockley Hill, have recovered a variety of prehistoric artefacts in residual contexts. The gravel geology and more easily cultivated lighter soils at this location would have been more attractive to prehistoric settlement and agriculture than the heavier clay soils on the southern slope of the hill. The quantity and context of the prehistoric pottery sherds found closest to the Site, on the opposite side of the road from the Golf Centre entrance, is uncertain. Consequently the potential for encountering archaeological remains of very high, high or medium significance from this period within the Site is considered to be low. Roman
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4.29 The present A5 road, Brockley Hill, which marks the eastern boundary of the golf course, follows the course of the major Roman arterial road linking the city of London (Londinium), via St Albans (Verulamium) with the northwest of England, later known as ‘Watling Street’.12 The Roman roadline has been investigated at several locations along the A5 Brockley Hill.13
4.30 Archaeological investigations carried out in 1995, in advance of the construction of the Golf Centre, located the course of the Roman road, together with its western flanking ditch (MLO17276), revealing that it ran significantly (up to 20m) west of the present road line, within the eastern edge of the Site (Figures 8 and 9).14 This area lies within the London Borough of Harrow Archaeological Priority Area ‘Possible site of the Roman settlement of Sullonicae’ (DLO35644). The Roman road surface was found at a depth of 0.3m directly beneath the topsoil. The road was constructed upon a clay embankment (agger) flanked by a ditch on the west side; as the eastern side ditch was not located the precise width of the road remains uncertain. Periodic maintenance events are attested by the build-up of successive layers of rammed gravel road surfaces, and the re-cutting of the silted-up ditch. The road was in use from the 1st to the 4th centuries AD.
4.31 Archaeological excavation and monitoring on the east side of the modern road, opposite the golf course located a gritty cement layer thought to be associated with the road edge (MLO20123), together with a dump of Roman material also possibly associated with the road (MLO25930 & MLO25931), together with a findspot of Roman pottery (MLO68465). The cutting of a sewer at the junction of Pipers Green Lane with the A5 revealed two or more cremation burials of the 1st to the early 2nd century. One of the cremations consisted of a coarse ware jar containing cremated human bone, which was accompanied by a small food vessel. Also found nearby were pottery sherds, a copper alloy key and quern stone fragments, all of Roman date (MLO16877).
4.32 Extensive archaeological trial trenching evaluations on land extending southwards from the southern boundary of the golf course as far as London Road, Stanmore have located traces of Roman activity at three locations on land formerly occupied by MOD buildings (MLO75100, MLO98154 (together with MLO75009 representing geophysical anomalies) and MLO66690. Pits and ditches suggest enclosures aligned with the Roman road – no structural traces suggesting farm buildings or villas, or industrial sites were detected, suggesting an agricultural function. A possible Roman roadside settlement was identified on the opposite site of the road, on the site of The London Academy (North), where an evaluation revealed Roman pits, postholes and
12 Margary 1973: Routes 1d-h. 13 Suggett 1953, 1954; Castle 1972, 1973, 1976. 14 Bowsher 1995.
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ditches containing Roman pottery sherds and tile fragments, together with a bronze harness fitting (MLO97983).
4.33 North of the Golf Centre, 4th century Roman pottery sherds and tile fragments were found in the course of cutting an archaeological trial trench through the linear earthwork in Pear Wood (MLO23402 & MLO22700). Excavations by the Brockley Hill Excavation and Fieldwork Group within the field north of the golf course, in the angle between Wood Lane to the north and the modern A5 road to the east, located a Roman updraught kiln (MLO34592), together with a small gully and a large quantity of 1st century pottery (MLO35523).15
4.34 Writing in 1861, a local historian described the remains of a Roman watchtower standing on former common land northwest of the golf course (MLO15589): ‘In the grounds of Stanmore hall is a rustic bridge, part of which is composed of a few fragments of a large specula, or Roman watchtower which stood upon the hill (Brockley) till 1795.’16
4.35 Further excavations have located the possible route of a Roman road running parallel with and c.670m west of Watling Street, on the edge of Cloisters Wood (MLO68470). A further possible Roman road is thought to have crossed the southwest edge of the study area, along Dennis Lane (MLO19929).
4.36 The majority of the other Roman remains and finds within the study area relate to an extensive pottery manufacturing and settlement site at the top of Brockley Hill, north and east of the road junction with Wood Lane. This site has been putatively identified with the Roman settlement of Sulloniacis, which is named in a 3rd century Roman road book known as The Antonine Itinerary, and said to lie 12 miles from London and 9 miles from St Albans although the settlement is likely to have included more substantial buildings if this was the case, and conclusive evidence relating to this settlement is yet to be identified. The site has been the subject of numerous archaeological investigations, which have revealed evidence for at least 14 pottery kilns, workshops, clay extraction pits, wells, and large quantities of kiln waste and pottery sherds. The site is a scheduled monument.
4.37 This is one of the earliest known pottery manufacturing sites in Roman Britain, and was one of the most successful sites at its peak in the late 1st century, with at least five kilns being in production at this time.17 Pottery produced supplied London and the south east, but also reached into northern England, North Wales and the lowlands of Scotland. Sections of Watling Street are located alongside the pottery
15 Castle 1973. 16 Phillimore 1861. 17 Castle 1976: 223
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manufacturing site, the centre of which originated near the summit of Brockley Hill, which presumably provided all the necessary resources (suitable clay, abundant water, and wood fuel). The manufacturing site developed along both side of Watling Street. Remains of kilns, workshops, clay extraction pits, puddling hollows, wills, preparation floors and kiln waste have all being identified across the monument. To date, 14 kilns have been identified which demonstrate the variety of forms and the sequence of activity. Although a range of bowls, flagons and jars were produced at the site, it has been identified as the principal production centre for mortaria (large grinding and mixing bowls) during the 1st century AD, a product which had thought to have been manufactured exclusively on the continent. At least 14 individual potters, or their workshops, have been identified across the site. It has been suggested that different zones were in operation across the site, with different kilns specialising in different products.18
4.38 Pottery production declined from c.120 AD and ceased c.160 AD. However, the areas continued to be settled and there is evidence to indicate that the use of the area for a more domestic nature continued into the 4th century. Archaeological excavations indicate that some of the potters’ waste dumps were levelled and overlain by cobbled floors. The remains of several buildings have been recorded, and the identification of rotary querns indicates grain processing across the site. The settlement is likely to have relied upon the trade and transport afforded by its location along Watling Street.
4.39 Considering the high density of Roman activity in the vicinity of the Site, and the presence of the major Roman road running within the eastern boundary of the golf course, which is likely to have attracted roadside settlement and cemeteries alongside it, there is considered to be a high potential for encountering archaeological remains of very high, high or medium significance from this period within undisturbed ground, particularly during any groundworks associated with the entrance road and access from the main road. Away from the road edge, the potential for encountering archaeological remains of vert high, high or medium significance from this period within undisturbed ground adjacent to or even underneath the clubhouse is considered to be medium. Medieval
4.40 The GLHER hold a single record for early medieval/Saxon activity within the study area, the discovery of three sherds of Saxon pottery found on the west side of Watling Street close to Warren House woods (MLO8594).
18 Seeley and Thorogood 1994: 227
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4.41 The date of construction of the northeast-southwest linear earthwork known as ‘Grim’s Dyke’ which lies within Pear Wood, c.220m beyond the northern boundary of the golf course is unknown and may equally represent either a prehistoric or early Medieval (Saxon) land division (see 4.31 above) (MLO17281).
4.42 Archaeological observations and excavations on the west side of the modern road, along the eastern boundary of the golf course revealed a ‘long ditch’ representing the remains of a medieval sunken or ‘hollow way’ between the Roman and modern roads. It has a firm and well compacted metalled surface of rammed gravel with clay (at least 10m wide and in places 0.5m thick) (MLO17279).19 The gravel was probably robbed from the Roman Road. This road was replaced in 1827 by the modern road. A probable northern continuation of the ‘hollow way’ was revealed close to the northwestern edge of the study area (MLO8546). Within the field north of the golf course, close to Wood Lane, excavations of the Roman road recorded medieval pottery in the metalling, suggesting that the Roman road had been robbed for gravel in the medieval period (MLO8545).
4.43 Two pillow mounds, medieval rabbit warrens, are recorded, one within Cloisters Wood (MLO15629), and the other on the north side of Wood Lane (MLO15627).
4.44 Apart from the presence of the medieval ‘hollow way’ which follows the northern side of the Roman road, little further evidence for medieval activity has been recorded from the extensive archaeological excavations within the study area. Consequently the potential for encountering archaeological remains of very high, high or medium significance from this period within the Site is considered to be low. Post Medieval & Modern
4.45 The GLHER holds 19 post-medieval and modern records within the study area. They are mapped at Figure 7 and included in the HER list, but only those relevant to the application Site are discussed further in this document.
4.46 The golf course is bounded on the west side by Stanmore Country Park, which extends in an irregular U-shape from Wood Lane to Dennis Lane, and includes Pear Wood (MLO109069). The park was part of the estate of Warren House, an 18th century mansion, which comprised both landscaped grounds and farmland. The land was acquired for public open space by Harrow Council and Middlesex County Council in 1937.
19 Castle 1972, 1973, 1976.
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4.47 Map regression shows that the land occupied by the golf course has remained open agricultural land, part of two fields, from at least the middle of the 18th century, when mapped by John Rocque in 1754, until c.1964 (Figures 10-13). The Little Stanmore Tithe map of 1838 provides not only the earliest large-scale mapping, but also records the names of the landowners and occupiers, together with the names, landuse and acreages of each land plot (Figure 10).20 The northern field (No.191) is named as ‘Brockley Barn Field’ and the southern field (No. 192) as ‘Great Brockley Hill Field’. Both fields were under grass. They were both owned by Thomas Sharp Smith and occupied by Mary Ann Partridge.
4.48 A sports field with a pavilion (Wimpey Sports Field) had been constructed within the southern field, and two stables built within small enclosures close to the road in the northern field in the period between 1964 and 1991 (Figures 12 & 13). It is probable that the construction of the sports involved landscaping to provide level pitches. The Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre clubhouse, driving range and golf course and associated car parks were constructed in 1995.
4.49 There is no evidence for landuse other than agricultural activity within the Site during the post-medieval and modern periods, until first the sports field and later the Golf Centre were constructed. Consequently the potential for encountering archaeological remains of very high, high or medium significance from this period within the Site is considered to be negligible. Previous archaeological work
4.50 Sixty archaeological investigations have been recorded by the Greater London Historic Environment Record within the 1km study area: 25 open area excavations, 15 trial trench evaluations, nine watching briefs (archaeological monitoring during development works), three geophysical surveys, one geotechnical survey and seven records of finds made during groundworks within the grounds of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital; in addition, the GLHER database contains five unassigned records with no further details (Figure 8).
4.51 An archaeological evaluation followed by a watching brief (archaeological monitoring of groundworks) was undertaken in 1995 in advance of the construction of the Golf Centre (ELO2797 & ELO13189).21 The evaluation comprised 14 trial trenches, the majority of which were dug alongside the eastern boundary of the proposed golf course, as close as possible to the conjectured line of the Roman road (Watling Street). Six of the evaluation trenches adjacent to the modern road revealed evidence for the Roman road surface and its western flanking ditch directly below the
20 National Archives Ref. IR 29/21/49. 21 Bowsher 1995.
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topsoil (0.3m beneath the ground surface). Figure 9 shows the location of the trenches and maps the course of the Roman road and its western ditch which were revealed by the evaluation. Five of the trenches sited beyond the line of the Roman road contained no evidence for Roman occupation (Figure 9: trenches 1, 2, 3, 4 & 12). As a result of the archaeological findings, a mitigation strategy was agreed whereby a 10m wide strip west of the roadline was protected by raising the ground level and avoiding large-scale ground works within it.22 Subsequent archaeological monitoring work was carried out at one location, on the site of the access road onto the A5 road, where ground reduction could not be avoided (the rectangle shown on Figure 9 refers to this phase of the work).23
4.52 Archaeological investigations during pipeline construction on the opposite (east) side of the modern road from the golf course found a gravelled road with flanking ditches at one location (ELO3741); no dating evidence was recovered. Laying of a sewer at the junction of Pipers Green Lane with the A5 revealed two Roman cremation burials (ELO5445). Elsewhere along the east side of the road, opposite the golf course, fieldwalking located early prehistoric (Mesolithic) flintwork in the topsoil (ELO7610) and the remainder of the records in this area produced either no archaeological evidence (ELO7542 & ELO2747), or no information was recorded (ELO5402 & ELO5179).
4.53 Archaeological evaluation on former MOD land immediately south of the golf course has produced evidence for sporadic Roman activity. Of 25 trial trenches dug in 2000 only 5 yielded remains of Roman activity in the form of ditches, pits and a single posthole (ELO2923).24 Archaeological excavation in 2003 within two areas close to the western edge of the road produced further evidence for Roman roadside activity characterised by ditched enclosures, pits and waterholes (ELO6967).25 Geophysical (magnetometer) survey conducted in 2000 closer to the road proved inconclusive owing to the presence of modern services and magnetic debris, although two linear anomalies of potential archaeological origin were identified (ELO7652).
4.54 Further south, archaeological investigations at two locations close to the junction between the A5 (west side) and London Road in 1995 and 1997 showed sporadic Roman activity (ELO9489). Of 29 trial trenches dug, five produced evidence for Roman and two for post-medieval activity (ELO9489).26 Extensive trial trenching on the opposite side of the junction revealed Roman ditches both parallel and perpendicular to the line of the Roman road, together with pits and postholes
22 Bowsher 1995. 23 Barber 1995; Bowsher 1995. 24 Saxby 2000. 25 Brady, Brown & Smith 2005. 26 McKinley 1998.
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suggesting a Roman roadside settlement (ELO6526).27 Roman pottery and tiles have also been found in the adjacent playing fields (ELO5398) and to the north, on the east side of the road (ELO5400).
4.55 Archaeological investigations on land between the northern boundary of the golf course and Wood Lane comprise excavations and a geophysical survey on the earthworks in Pear Wood (ELO5176, ELO5177, ELO5178 & ELO7612); there is no description for the record mapped closest to the golf course (ELO5179).
4.56 The majority of archaeological investigations within the 1km study area have been conducted at the top of Brockley Hill, on both sides of the Roman road north of Wood Lane, and including the grounds of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (Figure 8), where remains of an extensive Roman pottery manufacturing site and settlement have been investigated in a series of archaeological excavations since 1947 (much of the site was scheduled in 1974).
27 Thatcher 2005.
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5. Proposed Development, Assessment of Significance and Potential Effects Proposed Development
5.1 The proposed development involves the demolition of existing golf club buildings (Use Class D2) and construction of a new banqueting facility (Use Class D2), widening of existing vehicular access from Brockley Hill, car and cycle parking, waste / recycling storage, landscape enhancements and associated works at the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre (Figures 14 and 15).
5.2 Although this assessment has considered land within the whole of the client’s land ownership boundary, including the golf course, driving range and car parks, impacts from groundworks will be confined to the area of the former clubhouse (centred at NGR 517766, 193358) and the proposed widening of the existing vehicle access onto the A5 road (Brockley Hill).
5.3 The area of car parking bays at the front of the building will mostly remain undisturbed and reused for the new proposed facility. Site Conditions
5.4 The existing building stands upon a podium approached by six steps. The impact of the current foundations and services below ground is unknown.
5.5 The discovery of the Roman road within the eastern boundary of the Site during archaeological evaluation prior to the construction of the Golf Centre resulted in a mitigation strategy being agreed to raise the ground level within a 10m wide strip west of the roadline in order to protect the underlying archaeological remains. Factors Affecting Archaeological Survival
5.6 Archaeological remains can survive as earthworks and as below ground archaeological features, finds and layers. Part of the assessment process is to consider what factors may have affected archaeological survival. That is to say, what conditions would have enhanced the chances of survival and what conditions would have reduced the chances of survival.
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5.7 The subject of archaeological preservation has been covered comprehensively elsewhere28, and is subject to ongoing review as our understanding grows. The following addresses some familiar scenarios for assessment reports such as this, to allow the reader an insight into some ‘typical’ scenarios. Rural Locations
5.8 In rural locations, below ground remains are likely to be sealed by a relatively thin series of layers. Typically a topsoil of c.100-200mm and a subsoil of 100-300mm. Therefore, they may be sealed by 200-500mm of deposits. There are variations to this including landscapes affected by colluvial or alluvial deposits. There are also Peat rich area where soil deposits can be significantly deeper. Earthworks are most common in areas not subject to modern, mechanised ploughing, although earthworks can be preserved in hedgerows, wooded areas and even as plough- reduced remnants within arable fields.
5.9 For the main part of the proposed development location, the area has been built upon by the existing club house or is laid to tarmac for the associated car parking. The access road into the site has been partially raised to avoid disturbance to the underlying archaeological remains of the Roman road. Some disturbance will have come from the construction of the car park to any underlying remains which may be present, as a result of topsoil stripping, levelling, drainage and the construction process.
Designated Assets
5.10 Two scheduled monuments are recorded within the 1km radius study area; linear earthworks in Pear Wood west of Watling Street and Brockley Hill Romano-British pottery and settlement, situated on either side of the A5 at the top of Brockley Hill, immediately north of its junction with Wood Lane.
5.11 Even if the proposed development will not involve any alteration to the physical fabric of either monument, consideration must be given as to whether proposed development within the Site will affect the setting of the monument, defined by Annex 2 (NPPF) as:
‘the surroundings in which an asset is experienced. All heritage assets have a setting, irrespective of the form in which they survive and whether they are designated or not. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative
28 Historic England 2016.
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contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance, or may be neutral.’
The scheduled monument includes the remains of a linear earthwork which is denoted by two banks and a ditch in Pear Wood, along a south east facing slope, an easterly continuation of Grim’s Ditch. Geophysical survey was undertaken to try to establish this relationship. Although no evidence was found, gravel extraction may have removed this evidence, or the survey may not have been able to record deep enough.
Linear earthworks in Pear Wood, W of Watling Street
5.12 On the north side of the earthwork is a bank and on the south side is a V-shaped ditch. A smaller bank is located to the south of the ditch. The most northerly bank was originally at least 2m high and excavation indicated that the ditch was up to 7m wide and 1.8m deep. However, gravel extraction has resulted in the truncation of some parts of the earthwork, as well as the levelling of the bank in some places. The ditch now largely survives as a buried feature.
5.13 Although the earthwork has been partially excavated, no conclusive dating evidence has been identified. Finds recovered included Iron Age and Roman pottery sherds, tile fragments, iron nails, a glass bowl and a jar.
5.14 Map analysis followed by a field visit in January 2020 has established that this designated heritage asset does not have the potential to be affected by proposed development within the Site.
5.15 The earthworks, which run on a northeast-southwest alignment, lie within an extensive area of woodland immediately adjacent to (north of) the golf course and driving range. Proposed development of the Site would have no adverse effect upon the physical remains of the scheduled monument, either above or below ground. There is no evidence to suggest an historical link between the earthworks and the Site itself. There is no inter-visibility between the Site and the scheduled monument, which stands c.450m distant within woodland. Consequently it is considered that the proposed development will have no adverse impact to the fabric or setting of this scheduled monument.
Brockley Hill Romano-British pottery and settlement
5.16 The scheduled monument includes the buried remains of an extensive pottery manufacturing site, a contemporary and later settlement and part of Watling Street, along which industry and settlement developed. A later roadway is also included within the monument.
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5.17 Watling Street was one of the principal routes within Roman Britain and was constructed for military and government officials’ use, but also was used as a trade route. The earliest version of this road within the scheduled monument was located to the west of the modern road, and was partly overlain by a medieval road.
5.18 Map analysis followed by a field visit in January 2020 has established that this designated heritage asset does not have the potential to be affected by proposed development within the Site.
5.19 The focus of this Romano-British settlement and pottery lay on the top of the hill, on either side of the Roman road, sited specifically to take advantage of the natural resources such as the clay, water supply and woodland fuel. Although the Site lies adjacent to the Roman road, it lies c.550 m beyond the closest (southernmost) boundary of the scheduled monument. Proposed development of the Site would have no adverse effect upon the physical remains of the scheduled monument, either above or below ground. There is no inter-visibility between the Site and the scheduled monument, which stands over 0.5km distant. Consequently it is considered that the proposed development will have no adverse impact to the fabric or setting of this scheduled monument. Archaeological Potential
5.20 There are no designated archaeological assets such as world heritage sites, scheduled monuments, protected wrecks, registered battlefields or registered parks & gardens within the Site, whose fabric or setting would be adversely affected by the proposed development.
5.21 The modern A5 road follows the line of the major Roman road known as Watling Street. Archaeological investigations have shown that the course of the Roman road and its western flanking ditch ran west of the modern road, and lie within the eastern boundary of the golf course. There is a high potential for encountering traces of the Roman road, together with any associated remains such as roadside settlement or burials within the proposed access widening. This part of the site is protected within a London Borough of Harrow Archaeological Priority Area (Figure 15).
5.22 Extensive archaeological excavations and evaluations have been carried out within the 1km radius study area. Based upon the information contained within the GLHER and historic maps, the potential for encountering the Roman road and associated remains close to the entrance is considered to be high, and the potential for encountering Roman remains within or adjacent to the footprint of the existing building is considered to be low to medium. The potential for encountering archaeological remains of other periods is considered to be low.
.
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 40 6. Conclusions
6.1 The proposed development of the Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility involves the construction of a new banqueting and function suite on the site of the vacant clubhouse of the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre. Although this assessment has considered land within the whole of the client’s land ownership boundary, including the golf course, driving range and car parks, it is anticipated that the major impacts of groundworks will be confined to the footprint of the former clubhouse and the proposed widening of the existing vehicle access onto the A5 road (Brockley Hill).
6.2 In line with the policies of the local planning authority and national government guidance as set out in the NPPF, an archaeological desk-based assessment has been undertaken to clarify the archaeological potential of the application Site and to assess the level of impact the development proposals may have on any archaeology present.
6.3 This archaeological assessment concludes that the Site does not contain any designated heritage assets of archaeological interest such as world heritage sites, scheduled monuments, protected wrecks, registered battlefields or registered parks & gardens where there would be a presumption in favour of their physical preservation in situ and against development.
6.4 The eastern boundary of the Site including the area of the proposed access widening lies within a London Borough of Harrow Archaeological Priority Area (APA) within which runs the course of the major Roman arterial road linking London with St Albans and the northwest of England.
6.5 Based on the information within the GLHER, supplemented by historic mapping from the mid-18th century onwards, together with documentary research, there is a low to medium potential for encountering archaeological remains of very high, high or medium significance of Roman date within and adjacent to the footprint of the existing building, and a high potential for encountering traces of the Roman road, its western flanking ditch, and possible roadside features such as settlement remains or burials with the area of proposed access widening.
6.6 The development proposals will include a widening of part of the existing roadway to enable a passing place to be accommodated in the access road. This lies within the APA and could impact upon underlying archaeological remains of the Roman road. As the ground level has already been raised in this area for the existing access way, this would need to be extended for the passing place and this would serve as protection for the underlying remains. Additional hedgerow planting in this area could also be placed on the area of raised ground. As this area of the site lies within the APA (Figure 15) archaeological mitigation will be necessary, and this may be best done through protection of the underlying remains.
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 41 6.7 Additional works within the existing car park area could impact upon any underlying archaeological remains in these areas although the archaeological potential of this area is low for all periods excluding Roman where there is an increased potential. The impacts will also be small and localised.
6.8 The proposed new banqueting facility building is slightly large in its footprint than the existing clubhouse and could cause significant areas of ground disturbance through levelling and construction processes which could expose, damage or destroy archaeological remains within its footprint. The archaeological potential in this area is low to medium for Roman remains and could be dealt with through a programme of archaeological mitigation.
6.9 On the basis of available evidence, it is considered that the proposed development accords with current legislation, the planning policies contained within the NPPF and those local policies which relate to archaeology.
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 42 7. Sources Consulted
Bodleian Library, Oxford British Library Greater London Historic Environment Record London Metropolitan Archives The National Archives
Primary Sources
Maps 1754 John Rocque. Map of Middlesex. 1838 Little Stanmore Tithe Map (National Archives Ref. IR 29/21/49) Christopher & John Greenwood. Map of London. 1865 Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 25-inch scale. 1896 Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 25-inch scale. 1913 Ordnance Survey 25-inch scale. 1935 Ordnance Survey 25-inch scale. 1941 Ordnance Survey 25-inch scale. 1962 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale. 1962-3 Ordnance Survey 1:1250 scale. 1962-4 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale. 1991 Ordnance Survey 1:1250 scale. 2003 Ordnance Survey 1:1250 scale.
Secondary Sources
Applebaum, S. 1951. Sulloniacae - 1950: Excavations at Brockley Hill (Report on the excavations at Brockley Hill, Middlesex, August and September 1950). Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 10: 201-228.
Barber, B. 1995. The Wimpey Sports Ground, Brockley Hill, Stanmore. An Archaeological Watching Brief. Unpublished client report by Museum of London Archaeology Services.
Bowsher, D. 1995. An evaluation of the Roman road at Brockley Hill, Middlesex. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 46: 45-58.
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 43
Brady, K., Brown, L. & Smith, A. 2005. A Romano-British landscape at Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex: excavations at Brockley Hill House and the former MoD site. Unpublished client report by Oxford Archaeology.
Castle, S.A. 1972. Excavations at Brockley Hill, Middlesex Sulloniacae 1970. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 23: 148-153.
Castle, S.A. 1973. Excavations on Field no. 157 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) Middlesex February-August 1968. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 24: 85-110.
Castle, S.A. 1976. Roman pottery from Brockley Hill, Middlesex, 1966 and 1972-4. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 27: 206-227.
CIfA, 2017. Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment. Chartered Institute for Archaeologists.
Historic England 2016. Preserving Archaeological Remains. Decision-taking for Sites under Development.
Historic England 2017. The Setting of Heritage Assets Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (Second Edition).
Juby, C. 2011. London before London: Reconstructing a Palaeolithic Landscape. Doctoral thesis submitted to Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London.
Lewis, J. 2000. The Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. In: Museum of London 2000. The archaeology of Greater London An assessment of archaeological evidence for human presence in the area now covered by Greater London. pp. 45-62. Museum of London Archaeology Service: London.
Margary, I.D. 1973. Roman Roads in Britain. 3rd Edition. John Baker: London. McKinley, J. 1998. Excavations of a Romano-British roadside site at Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, 1995-7. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 49: 31-66.
Museum of London 2000. The archaeology of Greater London. An assessment of archaeological evidence for human presence in the area now covered by Greater London. Museum of London Archaeology Service: London.
Phillimore, M. 1861. The twelve churches, or, Tracings along the Watling Street. Rivingtons.
Richardson, K.M. 1948. Report of Excavations at Brockley Hill, Middlesex, August and September 1947. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 10: 1-23.
Saxby, D.2000. Former Government Buildings, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, London Borough of Harrow. An Archaeological Evaluation Report. Unpublished client report by Museum of London Archaeology Services (MOLAS).
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 44
Seeley, F. & Thorogood, C. 1994. Back to Brockley Hill. London Archaeologist 7 (9): 223-8.
Sheldon, H. 1996. In search of Sulloniacae. In: J.Bird., M. Hassall, and H. Sheldon (eds). Interpreting Roman London: Papers in Memory of Hugh Chapman. Oxbow Monographs 58: Oxford pp. 233-241.
Sidell, J., Cotton, J., Rayner, L. & Wheeler, L. 2002. The Topography and Prehistory of Southwark and Lambeth. MoLAS Monograph 14.
Suggett, P.G. 1953. Report on the excavations at Brockley Hill, Middlesex, August and September 1951. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 11: 173-188.
Suggett, P.G. 1954. Excavations at Brockley Hill, Middlesex, March 1952 to May 1953. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 11: 259-276.
Suggett, P.G. 1956. Report on excavation at Brockley Hill, Middlesex, August 1953 and September 1954. Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 19: 65-75.
Thatcher, C. 2005. London Academy North, Edgware. An archaeological evaluation report. Unpublished client report by AOC Archaeology.
Internet Sources
Archaeology Data Service: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/
British Geological Society online viewer: www.bgs.ac.uk/data/mapViewers/home.html
British History online: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/
Google Earth: www.googlearth.co.uk
Historic England Britain from above: https://britainfromabove.org.uk
Historic England Heritage Gateway: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/
Historic England Pastscape database: http://www.pastscape.org/
Historic England planning advice: https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/planning/planning-system/
Magic Map Application: http://magic.defra.gov.uk/home.htm
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 45
8. Figures
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 46 © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved. Licence no. LAN1001544. Licence no. © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved. © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved. Licence no. LAN1001544. Licence no. © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved. Figure 1: Site location.
Archaeological Desk Based Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow © August 2020 Assessment Update 517000E 517500E 518000E 518500E Key:
194000N Application Boundary 193500N
Scale @A3:
193000N Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 2 Modern Google Satellite Image
Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM 516500E 517000E 517500E 518000E 518500E 519000E Key:
Application Boundary
1km Study Area
Claygate Member (clay, silt & sand) (Bedrock) 194000N
Stanmore Gravel Formation (sand & gravel) (Superficial Deposits) 193500N
Scale @A3:
193000N London Clay Formation (Bedrock)
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 3 Geology of the Site 192500N
Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence Number LAN1001544 Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM Key:
Application Boundary
1km Study Area
Heights Above OD 50m
75m
100m
125m
150m
Scale @A3:
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 4 Topography of the Site including 1m Lidar data where available
Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence Number LAN1001544 Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM Key:
Application Boundary
1km Study Area
Scheduled Monuments
Grade II Listed Building
Scale @A3:
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 5 Designated archaeological assets within the 1km radius study area
Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence Number LAN1001544 Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM Key:
Takeley_Redline_Sept18Application Boundary
03 Illustrative1km Study Layout Area 03 Illustrative Layout entities 03 Illustrative Layout entities Takeley_Mon_poly Takeley_Mon_point Takeley_Mon_line Takeley_Event_point Takeley_Event_poly
Scale @A3:
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 6 Non-designated archaeological assets (Prehistoric-Roman) within the 1km radius study area
Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence Number LAN1001544 Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM Key:
Takeley_Redline_Sept18Application Boundary
03 Illustrative1km Study Layout Area 03 Illustrative Layout entities 03 Illustrative Layout entities
Scale @A3:
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 7 Non-designated archaeological assets (Early Medieval to Modern) within the 1km radius study area
Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM Key:
Takeley_Redline_Sept18Application Boundary
03 Illustrative1km Study Layout Area
03 IllustrativeEvent recordsLayout entities 03 Illustrative Layout entities
Scale @A3:
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 8 Archaeological investigations within the 1km radius study area
Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM Roman road
Roman roadside ditch
Figure 9: Location of archaeological evaluation trenches in relationship to the conjectured line of the Roman road (Watling Street) with the original boundary of the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre site golf club in black, and existing clubhouse and car park overlaid. The rectangle denotes the watching brief area (Bowsher 1995).
Archaeological Desk Based Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow © August 2020 Assessment Update © National Archives IR 29/21/49. © National Archives
Figure 10: 1838. Little Stanmore Tithe Map - showing the full boundary of the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre site. © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved. Licence no. LAN1001544. Licence no. © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved. Figure 11: 1896. Ordnance Survey 2nd Edition 25-inch scale. Showing full boundary of the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre site.
Archaeological Desk Based Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow © August 2020 Assessment Update Figure 12: 1962-4. Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale showing full LAN1001544. Licence no. © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved. boundary of the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre site © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved. Licence no. LAN1001544. Licence no. © Crown copyright 2017. All rights reserved.
Figure 13: 1991. Ordnance Survey 1;1250 scale showing full boundary of the former Stanmore and Edgware Golf Centre site
Archaeological Desk Based Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow © August 2020 Assessment Update 517400E 517500E 517600E 517700E 517800E 517900E 518000E Key:
Application Boundary 193600N 193500N 193400N
Scale @A3: 193300N
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd. 193200N
Figure 14 Development Proposals showing the full site
Plan provided by 5plus Architects, Drawing No: MP_00_0200 Rev13, dated 21/04/2020 Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM 517700E 517800E Key:
Application Boundary Archaeologcial Priority Area, Roman road line 193400N
Scale @A3:
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 15 Detailed plan showing the main area of the proposed development and line of APA 193300N Plan provided by 5plus Architects, Drawing No: MP_00_0200 Rev11, dated 21/04/2020 Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM 517700E 517800E Key: Existing building and access road Existing sand pit for driving range Outlines of proposed new building and road improvements 193400N
Scale @A3:
Brockley Hill, Stanmore - New Banqueting Facility, London Borough of Harrow
On behalf of Sairam (Holdings) Ltd.
Figure 16 Detailed plan showing the outline of existing access road and building and proposed overlaid 193300N Plan provided by 5plus Architects, Drawing No: MP_00_0200, dated 21/04/2020 Project No.06129A | 25/8/2020 | Drawn By: JM
APPENDIX 1: Greater London Historic Environment Record (GLHER ) List
Designated archaeological assets
Scheduled Monuments
Historic England List Entry No. Name
1018006 Brockley Hill Romano-British Pottery and Settlement
1001996 Linear Earthworks In Pear Wood, W Of Watling Street
Listed Buildings
Historic England List Entry No. Grade Name
1294752 II BROCKLEY GRANGE
Non-designated archaeological assets
Archaeological Priority Areas (APAs)
Desig UID Grade Name Description Area (ha)
DLO33054 APA Edgwarebury and Scratchwood It is conventionally assumed that prehistoric settlements favour lighter well drained 458.15 soils and not heavy London Clay, but there is evidence of the land being utilised around Bury Farm.
DLO35644 APA Possible site of Roman This includes the line of the Roman road running parallel to the A5 which runs along 7.98 settlement of Sullonicae and inside the northeastern edge of the development site
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Monuments
Mon UID Record Name Monument Type Finds Summary Type
Prehistoric
MLO6959 FS Brockley Hill, FINDSPOT LITHIC IMPLEMENT Number of flint tools, flakes and cores found in the Roman Stanmore (Prehistoric) levels of the 1951 excavation of Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae). They are regarded as relics of the late Iron Age inhabitants of the site.
MLO9272 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT; POT (Late Bronze Several pottery rims of early Iron Age pottery technique FINDSPOT; Age to Early Iron were found in Roman layers during the 1950 excavation at FINDSPOT Age); POT (Late Brockley Hill. ( P. Greenwood suggests that there might Bronze Age to Late have been early or middle Iron Age activity on the site). Iron Age); POT (Middle Iron Age)
MLO15603 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT AXE (Neolithic) A Neolithic axe was uncovered at Brockley Hill, Stanmore. It is not clear exactly when or where or the circumstances in which the axe was uncovered.
MLO15610 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT LITHIC IMPLEMENT Prehistoric flint implements of various types found when (Prehistoric) the field was ploughed in 1957. (TQ1751 9369)
MLO15613 MON Brockley Hill ENCLOSURE; Small rectangular enclosure, ( earth-banked ), with ENCLOSURE; opening towards Watling Street. Now lost beneath ENCLOSURE Government Offices. Not of sufficient scale to merit recording by Ordnance Survey Surveyors.
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MLO15643 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT LITHIC IMPLEMENT Bronze Age polished flint 'fabricator' found during 1953/4 (Late Neolithic to excavations at Brockley Hill. Late Bronze Age)
MLO15644 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Late Iron Age Belgic pottery was found during excavations of Roman to Roman) occupation site at Brockley Hill.
MLO16995 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT; LITHIC IMPLEMENT Hendon and District Archaeological Society carried out FINDSPOT; (Prehistoric); LITHIC fieldwalking at Brockley Hill in 1987. Several Mesolithic FINDSPOT IMPLEMENT and Neolithic flints were uncovered. (Mesolithic); LITHIC IMPLEMENT (Neolithic)
MLO17000 MON Brockley Hill PIT; PIT Excavations in 1937 on site B produced a 'Belgic' pit that contained a pot with a rilled shoulder.
MLO17309 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT ARROWHEAD (Late During excavations which were carried out by Hendon and Neolithic to Late District Archaeology Society in 1987, a Beaker/Bronze Age Bronze Age) arrowhead was found in trench A.
MLO17281 MON Uxbridge Road/Old DYKE (DEFENCE) POTTERY (Late Iron Grim's Dyke is a large linear earthwork which runs in Redding/Wood Age to Medieval) visible sections from Pinner Green to Stanmore. The dating Lane [Grim's of the dyke is uncertain but it is thought to have been Ditch] Pinner constructed between the Late Iron Age and the early Green/Hatch medieval period. End/Stanmore, Harrow {Iron Age to Early Medieval Dyke}
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 64 MLO17307 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT LITHIC IMPLEMENT During excavations at Brockley Hill in 1972 a Neolithic (Neolithic) stone polished adze was found in trench 1. The adze was part of the lining of a claypit on the site. The adze is made out of hornblende schist.
MLO21387 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT; LITHIC IMPLEMENT A small quantity of worked flint was found in the earliest FINDSPOT (Mesolithic); LITHIC layer of the site at Brockley Hill excavated in 1970. One IMPLEMENT (Late flint was probably a core tool of Mesolithic type, but as flint Bronze Age to Late tools were used as slates in the Belgic Iron Age, evidence Iron Age) is insufficient.
MLO23426 MON Brockley Hill LYNCHET; In 1958 a trench was cut on the east side of Watling Street LYNCHET (field 413) where there were surface indications to try to pick up Grims Dyke. But these surface indications proved to be a lynchet.
MLO57187 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT; POT (Late Neolithic A single bucket urn sherd (no bones were found) was FINDSPOT to Late Bronze Age); found during excavation of the Roman occupation site, the JAR (Late Neolithic excavation is unpublished. There is some evidence, notably to Late Bronze Age) a reference by the antiquarian William Stukeley, writing in 1776, to a supposed Bronze Age date.
MLO68463 FS WATLING ST FINDSPOT POT (Late Neolithic to Late Bronze Age)
MLO68464 FS WATLING ST FINDSPOT POT (Late Bronze Age to Late Iron Age)
MLO68476 FS Pear Wood FINDSPOT LITHIC IMPLEMENT Scrapers have been recorded in the vicinity of Pear Wood. (Prehistoric) WLAFG card refers to the P. Suggett Collection.
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MLO98246 FS Edgware Way FINDSPOT LITHIC IMPLEMENT Three lithics found in topsoil during an evaluation by [Bury Farm], (Early Mesolithic to Oxford Archaeology in 2005. They may indicate prehistoric Barnet, {Meolithic Early Neolithic) activity in the area, but due to the evidence of relatively or Early Neolithic recent dumping of material on the site, could equally be Lithics} intrusive to the site.
Roman
MLO15589 MON Brockley Hill WATCH TOWER 'In the grounds of Stanmore Hall is a rustic bridge, part of which is composed of a few fragments of a large specula, or Roman watch tower which stood upon the hill (Brockley) till 1795.'
MLO15658 MON WOOD LA PIT
MLO16399 FS EDGWAREBURY FINDSPOT TILE (Roman) PARK
MLO16877 MON Pipers Lane and CREMATION When a sewer was put through at the junction of Pipers Brockley Hill Lane and Brockley Hill in 1954. Two or more cremation (junction off) burials of the 1rst to the early 2nd Century were discovered. One of the cremations consisted of a coarse ware jar containing cremated human bone.
MLO16929 MON Brockley Hill, SETTLEMENT; POTTERY (Roman); The scheduled monument of the Roman pottery Stanmore, London POST HOLE; COIN (Roman); manufacturing and Settlement site (possibly that of {Roman pottery GULLY; ROAD; BROOCH (Roman); Sulloniacae), is located at Brockley Hill. Excavations since manufacturing and DITCH; PIN (Roman); 1937 have revealed the remains of kilns, workshops, clay Settlement site EXTRACTIVE PIT; HANDLE (Roman); extraction pits, kiln waste, puddling pits etc. (Sulloniacae?)} MIDDEN; SHERD (Roman); POTTERY HAIR PIN (Roman) MANUFACTURING
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SITE; POTTERY KILN; PIT; COBBLED SURFACE
MLO16994 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Roman) Roman and Medieval potsherds and bones were reported to have been found in 1949 and reported to Ordnance Survey.
MLO16999 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Roman) Sherds of Roman pottery and tile were found on the playing field at Brockley Hill.
MLO17001 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Roman) A piece of Roman pottery and charcoal was found at TQ1792 9424.
MLO17276 MON Brockley Hill, ROAD; GULLY; POTTERY (Roman); Part of the Roman route of Watling Street has been Stanmore, Harrow, SURFACE; COIN (Roman); uncovered during a series of excavations between the HA7 {Roman DITCH; KNIFE (Roman); 1950s to the present day. The road is shown to be to the Watling Street} CONSTRUCTION BRACELET (Roman); west of the current route, and had at least one roadside LAYER; HOLLOW UNIDENTIFIED ditch. WAY OBJECT (Roman); MOUNT (Roman); RING (Roman); ROOF TILE (Roman); TILE (Roman); BRICK (Roman); SLAG (Roman)
MLO19929 MON Honeypot Lane ROAD Probable Prehistoric Trackway and Roman Road.
MLO20123 MON Brockley Hill ROAD Exploratory trenching was carried out by Hendon and District Archaeological Society in 1987 on the line of a
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proposed Lee Valley Water Pipe in a field adjoining the A5. The trench exposed a deposit of gravel on a gritty, cementy, sandy layer.
MLO22700 FS Pear Wood FINDSPOT TILE (Roman) Brockley Hill Excavation and Field-work Group excavated a trench across the linear earthwork in Pear Wood. Quantities of of 4th Century finds such as Roman tile were found in the bottom of the bank and deep down in the ditch indicate a late or post-Roman date.
MLO22701 MON WATLING ST ROAD
MLO23402 FS Pear Wood FINDSPOT; FIND UNCLASSIFIED Sherds of Roman pottery, tile fragments, iron nails, a glass FINDSPOT (Roman); FIND bowl and jar (4th- 18th Century AD) were found in the UNCLASSIFIED (Post vicinity of Pear Wood earthworks. Medieval)
MLO25924 MON SPUR RD ROAD
MLO25930 MON Brockley Hill ROAD An excavation was carried out by the Department of Greater London Archaeology/Hendon and District Archaeological Society as part of the Three Rivers Pipeline Project. A section was cut through a gravel road with a ditch on either side.
MLO25931 MON Brockley Hill DUMP A watching Brief was carried out in 1990 by the Department of Greater London Archaeology on the site of the Iver to Arkley Pipeline. A dump of Roman material was found which could have been dumped when the Roman Road (See MLO 25930) was constructed.
MLO31996 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Roman) A lot of waste coarse pottery was found whilst landscaping the hospital garden in 1971 in the NW corner of a tennis
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court bank. These include stamped mortaria of Potters such as Doccas, Lullans, Marinius, Matugenus and Saturnius. This pottery was redeposited.
MLO33681 MON Brockley Hill POTTERY KILN Normal up-draught kiln dating from 90-150 AD. Kiln was Pottery Kiln deliberately destroyed for cultivation of land in the 4th Century AD. Waste pits were found nearby the kiln.
MLO34403 MON Brockley Hill POTTERY KILN Fragment of a pottery kiln found during excavations on the side of the tennis courts in the grounds of Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital.
MLO34592 MON Brockley Hill GULLY; FEATURE; Excavations carried out in 1968 by the Brockley hill PIT; KILN; WELL Excavation and Field work group at field no. 157 at Brockley Hill. An updraught kiln with a furnace floor and supporting pedestal and flue entrance were uncovered .
MLO35523 FS Field Number 157, FINDSPOT POT (Roman) During excavations in 1973 a small gulley was uncovered Brockley Hill which was dated to the third Century or later due to castor ware in the infill. A large quantity of first century native ware was also uncovered.
MLO42730 FS WOOD LA FINDSPOT POT (Roman)
MLO43591 FS WOOD LANE FINDSPOT AXE (Roman)
MLO45131 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Roman) Group of pottery found during landscape gardening at Brockley Hill House Garden (now Royal Orthopaedic Hospital). The pots are remarkably complete but the majority is badly flawed and they are therefore interpreted as kiln waste.
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MLO45132 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Roman) During gardening between the tennis courts and Brockley Hill House in 1966 a large quantity of 1st and 2nd Century coarse pottery sherds were found. Included were mortaria stamps of several potters and ring necked flagons of the short expanding type.
MLO45134 MON Brockley Hill CLAY PIT; A very large pit was found in the ground of the Royal RUBBISH PIT National Hospital grounds during excavations of 1953/4. The widest part of the pit was 70 feet and the depth of the kiln was between 3 and 7 feet. An abundance of kiln rejects were found within the pit.
MLO45135 MON Brockley Hill POTTERY KILN During excavations to the west of the main road to the (Sulloniacae?) north of Brockley Hill House a pottery kiln was uncovered. Pottery evidence suggests that the kiln's life was within the period 70-160 AD.
MLO45138 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Roman) In 1965 a trench was cut for a sewer in the grounds of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital at Brockley Hill. A large quantity of Roman pottery was uncovered.
MLO45140 MON Brockley Hill POTTERY KILN During excavations in 1971 an updraught-type kiln was (Sulloniacae?) uncovered which was unusual as it had two furnaces but only one flue and stokehole. This kiln was used by a continental potter called Doinus (from evidence from mortaria sherds).
MLO45142 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Roman) In November 1975 a work trench was cut across the lawn to the south east of the Main Entrance of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. The trench revealed
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considerable quantities of Roman potsherds and tile fragments.
MLO56260 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT MORTARIUM Two further mortaria stamps were uncovered in the soil of (Sulloniacae?) (Roman) a bank of the tennis courts in the grounds of the Royal Naritonal Orthopaedic Hospital. One stamp was a mortaria stamp of Matugenus and the other of Saturninus. Together with a scatter of 1st century pot.
MLO56748 MON Brockley Hill HUT Excavations carried out at Brockley Hill in 1952 uncovered a large pit (MLO45134). At the south end of this pit a hut was uncovered constructed out of slabs of clay strengthened by potsherds and broken tile. There was a large posthole to the south.
MLO56750 MON Brockley Hill PAVEMENT Cobbled pavement laid down over levelled pottery dumps (Sulloniacae?) associated with kilns, to consolidate and facilitate re occupation. The pavement is dated by pottey and other domestic finds to the late 3rd/ early 4th Century AD.
MLO57232 MON WOOD LA (SOUTH ROAD; BANK SIDE ) (EARTHWORK)
MLO57301 MON Brockley Hill PIT Pits which were excavated in trench 'A' of the 1952 excavation. The pits were associated with kilns and they contained burned debris and pottery. It could be that they were first used as clay throwing pits and later as rubbish pits for wasters.
MLO57302 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT BROOCH (Roman) Excavations at the east end of the 1937 trench 'C' (beyond the disturbance of the Post Medieval House) uncovered pottery, a 1rst Century brooch and occupation debris.
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MLO57303 MON Brockley Hill PIT Excavations at Brockely Hill in 1937 by London and Middlesex Archaeological Society uncovered a pit with Roman pottery in it dating from 1&2nd Century AD.
MLO57304 MON Brockley Hill PIT Excavated as 'site B' in 1947. Pit full of wasters from nearby kilns.
MLO57306 MON Brockley Hill POST HOLE; PIT; Postholes, pits and kilns which were excavated in 1972. BEAM SLOT; KILN The kilns were the latest kilns used at Brockley Hill and were dated circa 110-120 AD.
MLO57320 MON Brockley Hill KILN 'kiln 6' was excavated in 1952 after a lot of wasters had been found. This kiln is one of the latest kilns producing pottery on Brockley Hill.
MLO57322 MON HILL TOP CAFE KILN
MLO57332 MON Brockley Hill KILN Kiln 5 which was excavated at site 'A' of the 1952 excavations. Three quarters of the kiln had been destroyed by a later rubbish pit. The kiln had probably started life in 70/80 AD and continued being in use until circa 110 AD.
MLO66690 MON London Road, DITCH; PIT; BURNT FLINT Roman occupation was located at London Road, Stanmore Stanmore, Harrow, GULLY; BEAM (Prehistoric); during archaeological investigations in 1995-1997. The HA7 {Romano- SLOT; POST ARMLET (Early Iron occupation evidence was mainly in the form of pits and British occupation} HOLE Age to Roman); CBM ditches, although some structural cuts were present. (Roman); ROOF TILE (Roman); POTTERY (Roman); BRACELET (Roman); OYSTER SHELL (Roman); SLAG (Roman);
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ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENT (Roman); QUERN (Roman); NAIL (Roman); ANIMAL REMAINS (Roman); TILE
MLO68465 FS WATLING ST FINDSPOT POT (Roman)
MLO68469 FS WATLING ST FINDSPOT TILE (Roman) (WEST SIDE )
MLO68470 MON CLOISTERS WOOD ROAD
MLO75100 MON Brockley Hill ROAD; DITCH; POTTERY (Roman); Roman pits, ditches and postholes were located at Brockley [Former PIT; POST HOLE; BRICK (Roman); Hill, Stanmore during an evaluation by Museum of London Government PATH ROOF TILE (Roman); Archaeology Service in 2000. Buildings], TILE (Roman); Stanmore {Roman TESSERA (Roman); pits, ditches and WASTE (Roman); postholes} MOUNT (Roman); WHETSTONE (Roman); COIN (Roman)
MLO97875 MON Brockley Hill POST HOLE; PIT; BLADE (Prehistoric); Roman pit and ditches were recovered during an evaluation [Royal National DITCH FLAKE (Prehistoric); at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore in Orthopaedic BURNT FLINT 2005 by Cotswold Archaeology. Hospital], (Roman); POTTERY Stanmore, Harrow (Roman); ROOF TILE (Roman); BRICK
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{Roman pits and (Roman); NAIL ditches} (Roman); CBM (Roman); UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Roman); SLAG (Roman)
MLO97983 MON The London PIT; POST HOLE; HARNESS FITTING Archaeological evaluation carried out by C Thatcher on Academy (North) LINEAR FEATURE (Roman); POTTERY behalf of AOC Archaeology between 6th – 21st June Edgware (Roman); BUILDING 2005. MATERIAL (Roman)
MLO98154 MON Brockley Hill PIT; POST HOLE; POTTERY (Roman); A Romano-British enclosed occupation site was located at [former MoD site], ENCLOSURE; ROOF TILE (Roman); Brockley Hill on the site of the former Ministry of Defence Stanmore, Harrow, BOUNDARY TILE (Roman); buildings, by Oxford Archaeology during excavations in Middlesex DITCH; GULLY; BRICK (Roman); 2003. {Romano-British SURFACE; SLAG (Roman); occupation site} OCCUPATION QUERN (Roman); SITE; WELL; MILLSTONE WATERHOLE (Roman); COIN (Roman); UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Roman); NAIL (Roman); BLADE? (Roman); CROWBAR (Roman); BOTTLE (Roman); SHOE (Roman); ANIMAL REMAINS (Roman
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Early medieval/ Saxon
MLO8594 FS WATLING ST FINDSPOT POT (Early Medieval/Dark Age)
Medieval
MLO8545 FS Brockley Hill FINDSPOT POT (Medieval) Whilst excavating Field number 157 Medieval Pottery was found in the metalling of what is probably Roman Watling Street.(See 05215). This pottery suggest that the Roman road was robbed in the Medieval period.
MLO8546 MON Brockley Hill HOLLOW WAY; Probable continuation of Medieval hollow way to the HOLLOW WAY South.( See MLO17279
MLO15627 MON WOOD LANE PILLOW MOUND; PILLOW MOUND
MLO15629 MON CLOISTERS PILLOW MOUND; WOODIN RABBIT WARREN
MLO17279 MON Brockley Hill HOLLOW WAY; A long ditch ( the remains of a Medieval hollow way), HOLLOW WAY situated between the early Roman road and modern Watling Street. Excavations have shown that the road had a gravelled surface which was possibly robbed from the early Roman road.
MLO63863 MON Brockley Hill ARTEFACT ROOF TILE (Medieval A scatter of post medieval finds was located at Stanmore [Stanmore Golf SCATTER to Post Medieval); Golf Park during an evaluation in 1995 by Museum of Park], Stanmore, COIN (Medieval to London Archaeology Service. Harrow, HA7 {Post Post Medieval); UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Post
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medieval finds Medieval); scatter} HORSESHOE (Post Medieval); BRICK (Post Medieval); TILE (Post Medieval); POT (Post Medieval)
Post -medieval
MLO16996 MON HILL TOP CAFE DITCH
MLO17308 MON Brockley Hill House HOUSE The foundations of a late 17th Century/early 18th Century house were found first during excavations on site C at Brockley Hill. A trench was cut across the foundations of 'Mr Napiers House', of which a reference was made in a document .
MLO58941 MON CLOISTERS WOOD FIELD SYSTEM
MLO59098 MON CLOISTERS WOOD GARDEN
MLO59101 MON CLOISTERS WOOD LINEAR FEATURE
MLO64928 MON Brockley Hill POST HOLE; PIT POTTERY (Post A post medieval pit and posthole were located at Brockley [former MOD site], Medieval); ROOF Hill during excavations by Oxford Archaeology in 2003. Stanmore, Harrow TILE (Post Medieval) (Post Medieval features}
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MLO66692 MON London Road, TRACKWAY?; CBM (Medieval to Post medieval deposits were identified at London Road, Stanmore, Harrow, DEPOSIT Post Medieval); Stanmore, during an evaluation by Wessex Archaeology in HA7 {Post HORSESHOE 1995 and 1997. Medieval deposit} (Medieval); UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Post Medieval); STAPLE (Post Medieval); NEEDLE (Post Medieval); POTTERY (Post Medieval); NAIL (Post Medieval); WINDOW GLASS (Modern)
MLO66784 MON Brockley Hill DITCH A post medieval ditch was located at Brockley Hill House, [Brockley Hill Stanmore during a watching brief by Oxford Archaeology in House], Stanmore, 2000. Harrow {Post medieval lditch}
MLO72543 MON WOOD LA (WOOD LANDFILL SITE FARM )
MLO79022 LB BROCKLEY FARMHOUSE; Record created from imported Listed Buildings On-line GRANGE TIMBER FRAMED dataset 11-Jan-2006; see linked Designation record for full HOUSE details
MLO98135 MON Edgware Way GULLY; PIT An archaeological evaluation was carried out by Oxford [Bury Farm], Archaeology in December 2005. A pit and gully of Barnet, {Post-
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Medieval 18th/19th century date was also recorded along with Agricultural Gully} modern made ground.
MLO99130 MON Stonegrove and DUMP LAYER; An extensive undated depression cut into the natural clay Spur Road Estates, FEATURE was recorded during an evaluation in 2008. It had been Edgware, Barnet, backfilled with rubbish and rubble during the 19th and 20th {undated centuries. depression and 19th-20th century dumped layers}
MLO106859 MON Brockley Hill GARDEN WALL; CLAY PIPE A garden wall and a brick lined garden feature were [Royal National GARDEN (SMOKING) (Post identified during an excavation at the Royal National Orthopaedic FEATURE Medieval); POTTERY Orthopaedic Hospital in November 2007 by AOC Hospital], (Post Medieval); Archaeology. Stanmore, Harrow BOTTLE (Post [Post Medieval Medieval) garden features}
MLO107399 MON Brockley Hill, INFECTIOUS A Convalescent home for the poor suffering from Scarlet [Mary Wardell DISEASES Fever that was re-used as an auxiliary hospital during Convalescent HOSPITAL; World War One. Home for Scarlet AUXILIARY Fever], Stanmore, HOSPITAL; {Wardell Auxiliary ORTHOPAEDIC Hospital during HOSPITAL World War One}
MLO109069 PK Kerry Avenue, WOOD; POND; Stanmore Country Park was part of the estate of Warren Dennis Lane, FARM; NATURE House, an Eighteenth Century mansion with landscaped Stanmore grounds as well as land in agricultural use. In 1937 the [Stanmore Country
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Park including Pear RESERVE; land was acquired for public open space by Harrow Council Wood], Harrow, COUNTRY ESTATE and Middlesex County Council an HA7 4NL {country park on 18th century estate landscape}
Modern
MLO105677 MON Warren House HOME GUARD Site recorded as part of the Defence of Britain project from Estate, fronting STORE field and documentary work carried out between April 1995 Glanleam Road, off and December 2001. The purpose of the Project was to London Road, record the 20th century military sites across the United Stanmore. Kingdom.
MLO107034 PK Edgware PUBLIC PARK; Public park created between 1929-32 by Hendon Rural Way/Parkside SPORTS District Council, opening 1932. Evidence of older landscape Drive/Edgwarebury GROUND; ROSE of fields and woodland remains. It contains a rose garden Lane, GARDEN created in 1952 and extensive sports facilities. [Edgwarebury Park], Barnet, HA8 8QP {early 20th century public park}
MLO109071 PK Dennis Lane / RECREATION Great Stanmore Recreation Ground opened to the public on Stanmore Hill, GROUND; 7 May 1932. The site was probably once part of the estate Stanmore BOWLING GREEN of Stanmore Hall, dating from the Eighteenth Century. In [Stanmore 1935 adjacent land was gifted for an extension to be laid Recreation out as a bowling green, Ground], Harrow,
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HA7 {1930s public park}
Undated
MLO15661 FS Pear Wood FINDSPOT AXE (Unknown)
MLO16998 MON Brockley Hill LYNCHET A slight earthwork in the NW corner of Field 413 which proved to be an undated lynchet.
MLO17515 MON Brockley Hill BANK Excavations in the south corner of field 410 in 1937 (EARTHWORK) showed a low broad bank running parallel to Watling Street.
MLO31966 MON Brockley Hill DITCH Excavations have been carried out in 1952 on site 'B' at Brockley Hill. A wide 'V' shaped ditch was uncovered running parallel to Watling Street and 20 yards away from it. It is possibly either a 4th Century AD or a Medieval ditch.
MLO75009 MON Brockley Hill, LINEAR FEATURE Two linear features were observed at Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Harrow Stanmore during a Geophysical Survey by Stratascan in {Linear features} April 2000.
MLO97984 MON The London DITCH Archaeological evaluation carried out by C Thatcher on Academy (North) behalf of AOC Archaeology between 6th and 21st June Edgeware 2005.
MLO99272 FS East of the A41, FINDSPOT Sub-rectangular piece of foil with an impressed pattern of Barnet {Possible three symbols and four dots. 20.9mm long, 12.3mm wide Silver Foil Item} and 0.6mm thick. Found during metal detecting.
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Archaeological Investigations (excluding desk-based assessments)
EV UID Name Event Type Organisation
ELO2421 Edgwarebury Golf Course, Edgware: Watching Brief WATCHING BRIEF AOC Archaeology Group
ELO2747 5 Brockley Hill ( Land to the rear of) WATCHING BRIEF Archaeological Services and Consultancy Ltd
ELO2753 Brockley Hill, (Hearn's Coach Yard), Stanmore, WATCHING BRIEF Archaeological Services and Consultancy Ltd Barnet, Watching Brief
ELO2797 Brockley Hill, [Stanmore Golf Park], Stanmore, TRIAL TRENCH Museum of London Archaeology Service Harrow, HA7: Evaluation
ELO2923 Brockley Hill, [Former Government Buildings], TRIAL TRENCH Museum of London Archaeology Service Stanmore: Evaluation
ELO3223 Edgware Way, (Land adjacent to Edgwarebury TRIAL TRENCH Oxford Archaeological Unit Brook), Edgware, Barnet, Evaluation
ELO3741 Iver to Arkley Pipeline WATCHING BRIEF Department of Greater London Archaeology (South-west)
ELO3937 London Road, Stanmore, Harrow, HA7: Evaluation TRIAL TRENCH Wessex Archaeology
ELO4516 The Corner House, 154 Stonegrove, Edgware WATCHING BRIEF Museum of London Archaeology Service
ELO5176 Pear Wood EXCAVATION Sulloniacae Excavation Committee
ELO5177 Pear Wood EXCAVATION North Middlesex Archaeological Research Committee
ELO5178 Pear Wood, Brockley Hill. EXCAVATION Brockley Hill Excavation and Field-work Group
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ELO5179 WATLING ST
ELO5321 Spur Road, (The London Academy), Edgware, Barnet, TRIAL TRENCH AOC Archaeology Group Evaluation
ELO5385 Field no 157, Brockley Hill. EXCAVATION Brockley Hill Excavation and Field-work Group
ELO5386 Brockley Hill; Hospital Garden Unassigned
ELO5389 Hospital Garden, Brockley Hill EXCAVATION Brockley Hill Excavation and Field-work Group
ELO5390 Brockley Hill Unassigned
ELO5391 Brockley Hill EXCAVATION Sulloniacae Excavation Committee
ELO5392 Brockley Hill House Garden (now Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital) Unassigned
ELO5394 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) EXCAVATION Sulloniacae Excavation Committee
ELO5396 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) EXCAVATION Sulloniacae Excavation Committee
ELO5397 Brockley Hill Unassigned
ELO5398 Brockley Hill Unassigned
ELO5399 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) EXCAVATION Unassigned
ELO5400 Brockley Hill Unassigned
ELO5402 BROCKLEY HILL EXCAVATION Unassigned
ELO5403 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) EXCAVATION Sulloniacae Excavation Committee
ELO5405 Brockley Hill EXCAVATION London and Middlesex Archaeological Society
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ELO5406 Brockley Hill EXCAVATION Sulloniacae Excavation Committee
ELO5408 Brockley Hill EXCAVATION Sulloniacae Excavation Committee
ELO5410 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) EXCAVATION Brockley Hill Excavation and Field-work Group
ELO5411 Brockley Hill EXCAVATION Unassigned
ELO5413 Brockley Hill EXCAVATION Sulloniacae Excavation Committee
ELO5415 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) Brockley Hill Excavation and Field-work Group
ELO5416 BROCKLEY HILL Unassigned
ELO5420 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) Brockley Hill Excavation and Field-work Group
ELO5421 Brockley Hill (Sulloniacae?) Unassigned
ELO5422 Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill. Unassigned
ELO5429 EDGWAREBURY PARK Unassigned
ELO5436 HILL TOP CAFE EXCAVATION Unassigned
ELO5445 Pipers Lane & Brockley Hill (the junction of) Unassigned
ELO5446 SPUR RD Unassigned
ELO5967 Canon's Corner Service Station, Stonegrove, WATCHING BRIEF Archaeological Solutions Edgeware: Watching Brief
ELO6447 Brockley Hill, [Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital], TRIAL TRENCH Cotswold Archaeology Stanmore: Evaluation
Brockley Hill DBA Update | 83 ELO6526 The London Academy (North) Edgeware TRIAL TRENCH AOC Archaeology Group
ELO6526 The London Academy (North) Edgeware TRIAL TRENCH AOC Archaeology Group
ELO6757 Edgware Way [Bury Farm], Barnet: Watching Brief and WATCHING BRIEF; Oxford Archaeology Evaluation TRIAL TRENCH
ELO6761 Brockley Hill, [Brockley Hill House], Stanmore, WATCHING BRIEF Oxford Archaeology Harrow: Watching Brief
ELO6967 Brockley Hill, [former MOD site], Stanmore, Harrow: EXCAVATION Oxford Archaeology Excavation
ELO7542 Brockley Hill TRIAL TRENCH Hendon & District Archaeology Society
ELO7562 Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Harrow: Geophysical Survey MAGNETOMETRY Stratascan SURVEY
ELO7610 Brockley Hill EXCAVATION Hendon & District Archaeology Society
ELO7611 Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill. EXCAVATION Stanmore & Harrow Historical Society
ELO7612 Pear Wood GEOPHYSICAL Harrow Archaeological Surveys SURVEY
ELO7911 Stonegrove and Spur Road Estates, Edgware, Barnet, TRIAL TRENCH Pre-Construct Archaeology Evaluation
ELO9475 Wood Lane, [King Edward VII Country Club], TRIAL TRENCH Oxford Archaeological Unit Stanmore, Harrow, HA7: Evaluation
ELO9489 London Road, Stanmore, Harrow, HA7; Excavation OPEN AREA Wessex Archaeology EXCAVATION
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ELO11453 Green Lane [Land at Academy Court and Sterling TRIAL TRENCH Pre-Construct Archaeology Green], London, HA8 8BJ: Evaluation
ELO12485 Stone Grove/Green Lane/Spur Road [Stonegrove TEST PIT Pre-Construct Archaeology Estate], Edgware, Barnet: Test Pitting
ELO13165 Brockley Hill [Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital], TRIAL TRENCH AOC Archaeology Group Stanmore, Harrow: Evaluation
ELO13189 Brockley Hill [The Wimpey Sports Ground], Stanmore, WATCHING BRIEF Museum of London Archaeology Service Harrow: Watching Brief
ELO13401 M4, Edgware, Barnet: Geophysical Survey GEOPHYSICAL Stratascan SURVEY
ELO15386 Edgware Way [Edgware Way Golf Course], Edgware, TRIAL TRENCH Acorn Homes Barnet, HA8 8DD: Evaluation
ELO17302 Brockley Hill [Green Cottage] Stanmore London TRIAL TRENCH Pre-Construct Archaeology Borough of Harrow HA7: Archaeological Evaluation
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