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Draft Snohomish River Basin Salmon Conservation Plan SNOHOMISH BASIN SALMON RECOVERY FORUM

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Draft Snohomish River Basin Salmon Conservation Plan SNOHOMISH BASIN SALMON RECOVERY FORUM Draft Snohomish River Basin Salmon Conservation Plan SNOHOMISH BASIN SALMON RECOVERY FORUM June 2004 Draft Snohomish River Basin Salmon Conservation Plan JUNE 2004 During preparation of this plan, Mark Sollitto, City of North Bend, and Terry Williams, The Tulalip Tribes, served as chair and co-chair of the Snohomish Basin Salmon Recovery Forum, respectively. Martha Neuman, Snohomish County Department of Public Works, Surface Water Management Division, served as project manager, editor, and lead staff to the Forum. Special thanks are given to members and alternates of the Snohomish Basin Salmon Recovery Forum, staff from Snohomish County Department of Public Works, Surface Water Management Division, and staff from King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks and the Sno- qualmie Watershed Forum. EnviroIssues assisted with plan preparation and public involvement. EcoPlan International provided support for developing alternatives and decision-making. RECOMMENDED CITATION Snohomish Basin Salmon Recovery Forum. 2004. Draft Snohomish River Basin Salmon Conservation Plan. July 2004. Snohomish County Surface Water Management Division. Everett, WA. PLAN INQUIRIES AND COMMENTS Inquiries, comments, and suggestions about this draft plan may be directed to: Ms. Martha Neuman Snohomish Basin Salmon Recovery Forum Snohomish County Department of Public Works, Surface Water Management Division 2731 Wetmore Avenue, Suite 300 Everett, Washington 98201-3581 Phone: (425) 388 3464 Toll Free: (800) 562-4367 Fax: (425) 388-6455 Internet: www.surfacewater.info [email protected] DISCLAIMER Snohomish County disclaims any warranty of merchantability or warranty of fitness of the maps in the plan for any particular purpose, either expressed or implied. No representation or warranty is made concerning the accuracy, currency, completeness, or quality of data depicted on these maps. Any user of these maps assumes all responsibility for use thereof, and further agrees to hold Snohomish County harmless from and against any damage, loss, or liability arising from any use of these maps. Table of Contents DRAFT SNOHOMISH RIVER BASIN SALMON CONSERVATION PLAN Note: Sections are numbered sequentially within sections (i.e., Section # - Page #). 1.0 Executive Summary 1-1 2.0 User’s Guide and Topical Index 2-1 3.0 Snohomish Basin Salmon Recovery Overview 3-1 3.1 What prompted the need for a salmon conservation plan? 3-1 3.2 Snohomish River Basin 3-1 4.0 Salmon in the Snohomish River Basin 4-1 4.1 What species are addressed in this plan? 4-1 4.2 Chinook Salmon 4-1 4.3 Bull Trout 4-6 4.4 Coho Salmon 4-8 5.0 Salmon Habitat Recovery Needs 5-1 5.1 Habitat Hypothesis 5-1 5.2 Role of Sub-Basin Strategy Groups in the Habitat Hypothesis 5-3 5.3 How much habitat improvement is needed? 5-6 6.0 Chinook Harvest and Hatchery Recovery Needs 6-1 6.1 Chinook Harvest 6-1 6.2 Chinook Hatchery 6-2 6.3 Integrating Habitat, Hatchery, and Harvest Actions 6-5 7.0 Basin-Wide Vision For Recovery 7-1 7.1 What is the forum’s long-term vision for salmon recovery? 7-1 7.2 What is the proposed recovery approach? 7-2 7.3 What is the proposed level of effort for the next 10 years? 7-4 7.4 A Foundation for the Future 7-9 8.0 Recommended Recovery Strategies by Land Use Category 8-1 8.1 Agriculture 8-1 8.2 Forestry 8-4 8.3 Rural Residential 8-6 8.4 Urban 8-9 8.5 Roads and Utilities 8-11 9.0 Recommended Actions: Basin-Wide Recovery Tools 9-1 9.1 Policies and Integrated Planning 9-2 9.2 Regulatory and Programmatic Actions 9-4 9.3 Additional Regulatory and Programmatic Ideas 9-13 9.4 Build Stewardship and Implementation Capacity 9-14 9.5 Develop and Encourage the Use of Incentives and Other Innovative Approaches 9-16 9.6 Compliance Efforts 9-18 10.0 Recommended Actions: Sub-Basin Strategy Groups 10-1 10.1 Background on the Sub-Basin Strategy Groups 10-1 10.2 Details for Each Sub-Basin Strategy Group 10-4 10.3 Recommendations for All Capital Projects 10-6 10.4 Nearshore 10-6 10.5 Estuary 10-14 10.6 Mainstem - Primary Restoration 10-23 10.7 Mainstem - Secondary Restoration 10-43 10.8 Rural Streams - Primary Restoration 10-49 10.9 Rural Streams - Secondary Restoration 10-52 10.10 Urban Streams - Restoration 19-56 10.11 Headwaters Sub-Basin Strategy Group Overview 10-60 10.12 Headwaters - Primary Protection 10-63 10.13 Headwaters - Secondary Restoration 10-66 10.14 Headwaters - Secondary Protection 10-68 10.15 Headwaters - Protection Above Natural Barriers 10-71 10.16 Headwaters - Restoration Above Falls and Dams 10-72 11.0 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management 11-1 11.1 What is adaptive management? 11-1 11.2 What are the components of an adaptive management program? 11-2 11.3 Who will participate in monitoring and evaluation? 11-8 11.4 What data gaps remain to be addressed? 11-9 12.0 Recommended Implementation Plan 12-1 12.1 Summary of Recommended Actions 12-1 12.2 How much will it cost to implement the actions? 12-3 12.3 What are possible commitments for the 10-year actions? 12-5 12.4 What is the process for obtaining commitments? 12-14 12.4 Where will funding come from? 12-16 Glossary Bibliography Appendixes A - Public Involvement Activities B - Salmon 101: Life History Patterns and Habitat Needs C - Lakes of the Snohomish River Basin D - Current Path Assumptions E - Habitat Needed for Recovery F - Summary of Recovery Approaches Evaluated G - Level of Effort Options Evaluated H - Additional Regulatory and Programmatic Ideas I - Importance of Actions within Sub-Basin Strategy Groups and Individual Sub-Basins J - Project Idea and Opportunity Lists K - Cost Estimate Background L - Tribal Plant List Section 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 A Salmon Conservation Plan Forum Members Native, wild salmon are at risk throughout the Cascade Land Conservancy Northwest. In 1999, the federal government listed City of Duvall Chinook salmon and bull trout as threatened under City of Everett the Endangered Species Act. Coho salmon are now City of Gold Bar City of Lake Stevens a species of concern under the Act. In response to City of Marysville these federal listings, the Snohomish Basin Salmon City of Monroe Recovery Forum (Forum) created this Draft Salmon City of North Bend Conservation Plan (plan) to guide protection and City of Seattle restoration of salmon in the Snohomish River basin. City of Snohomish The Forum is a cooperative effort with members City of Snoqualmie representing the variety of perspectives found in the City of Sultan basin, including government, The Tulalip Tribes, Coordinated Diking Council business, recreation, agriculture, the environment, Cross Valley Water District East King County the public, and others. Working together, the Forum Regional Water Association has achieved a high level of consensus and support for King Conservation District the plan. King County King County Agriculture (2) At 1,856 square miles, the Snohomish River basin is King County Citizen the second largest watershed - behind the Skagit River Master Builders Association basin - draining to Puget Sound. The people who live Pilchuck Audubon Society Port of Everett and work in the Snohomish River basin take pride in Recreational Interests their communities that span from the urban areas of Snohomish Conservation District Everett to the rural quality of life that includes small Snohomish County towns, farms, and forestry. They want to protect and Snohomish County Agriculture (2) restore salmon runs that are vital to local culture, Snohomish County Citizen identity, pride, and economic benefit. Snohomish County Public Utility District Snohomish County This plan proposes a scientifically based and feasible Sportsmen’s Association course of action over the next decade to begin Stilly-Snohomish Fisheries Enhancement Task Force recovering local salmon populations. The plan is The Boeing Company based on a careful review of scientific data, historical Town of Granite Falls records, and social and economic considerations. Town of Index It provides clear direction to local governments, The Tulalip Tribes Citizen agencies, interest groups, citizens, and other The Tulalip Tribes interested parties on recovery actions that will be Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (ex-offi cio) most beneficial, where they should occur, and when they should happen. June 2004 Draft Snohomish River Basin Salmon Conservation Plan – 1-1 This plan is one part of a regional effort to ultimately recover Chinook salmon populations in Puget Sound, and an important step to keep coho salmon from being listed as a threatened species. ¡ ¡ ¢ ¢ ) ) ! # ( ( § ¨ © % & ¤ ¥ ¦ 1.2 Salmon and Trout in the Snohomish River Basin The Snohomish River basin is one of the primary producers of anadromous salmonids in the Puget Sound region. Historic salmon production, however, is estimated to have been substantially greater than that experienced in recent history. An ecosystem approach to salmon recovery is critical. Watershed processes initiated throughout the river basin strongly influence habitat capacity and conditions downstream. The Forum envisions a multi-species approach to salmon recovery. The Ecological Analysis for Salmonid Conservation (2004) identifies Chinook salmon, bull trout, and coho salmon as proxy species to represent all anadromous 1-2 – Draft Snohomish River Basin Salmon Conservation Plan salmonids in the basin. The Forum assumes that a strategy that addresses these species will adequately address the needs of all anadromous salmonids. To recover Chinook salmon Additional protections may be warranted to protect resident trout across Puget Sound, recovery in populations living upstream of natural barriers. the Snohomish River basin is essential. The sections below summarize the status and recovery actions proposed to address the three proxy species.
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