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WASHINGTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
HENRY LANDES, State Geologist
BULLETIN No. 17
A G~ographic Dictionary of Washington
By HENRY LANDES
OLYMPIA FRAN K M, LAMBORN ~PUBLIC PRINTER 1917
BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
Governor ERNEST LISTER, Chairman. Lieutenant Governor Louis F. HART. State Treasurer W.W. SHERMAN, Secretary. President HENRY SuzzALLO. President ERNEST 0. HOLLAND.
HENRY LANDES, State Geologist. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
Go,:ernor Ernest Lister, Chairman, and Members of the Board of Geological Survey: GENTLEMEN : I have the honor to submit herewith a report entitled "A Geographic Dictionary of Washington," with the recommendation that it be printed as Bulletin No. 17 of the Sun-ey reports. Very respectfully,
HENRY LAKDES, State Geologist. University Station, Seattle, December 1, 1917. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION...... 7 I Location and Area...... 7 Topography ...... : ...... 8 Olympic Mountains ...... 8 Willapa Hills ...... • ...... 9 Puget Sound Basin...... 10 Cascade Mountains ...... 11 Okanogan Highlands ...... : ....' . 13 Columbia Plateau ...... 13 Blue Mountains ...... , . . . . 15 Selkirk Mountains ...... : . : ... : .. : ...... 15 Clhnate ...... 16 Temperature ...... ' ...... 16 Rainfall ...... 19 United States Weather Bureau Stations...... 38 Drainage ...... 38 Stream Gaging Stations...... 42 Gradient of Columbia River...... 44 Summary of Discharge Records of Certain Rivers of Washington 45 Forests ...... 46 National Forests of Washington ...... 48 Settlement, by Victor Farrar ...... , , ...... 51
CHAPTER II. GAZETTEER ...... • . . • . . • ...... 60 List of reference maps...... 307
CHAPTER III. TABLE OF ALTITUDES. . . . . • ...... 310
CHAPTER IV. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF VARIOUS PLACES IX W ASIIIXGTON ...... 343 ILLUSTRATIONS.
Facing Plates. Page I. A relief map of Washington, indicating the major topo- graphic provinces ...... 8 II. The locations of the principal Weather Bureau Stations of the state ...... 16 III. Belts of rainfall, giving the annual precipitation in inches. . 21 IV. The amount of precipitation, by months, at certain Weather Bureau Stations ...... 22 V. The locations of gaging stations maintained on the streams of the state...... 40 VI. An isogonic chart, indicating the eastern deflection of the needle in various parts of the state at the present time (1917) ...... 51 VII. Number and percentage of foreign born population, with countries arranged in order...... 53 VIII. Number and percentage of native born population, outside of Washington, with states arranged in order...... 55 IX. The areas in square miles of the counties of the state, in order of size...... 57 X. The population of the counties of the state, in order, with the population per square mile...... 59 CHAPTER I. GENERAL INFORMATION. LOCA'flON AND AREA. The State of Washington is in the northwest corner of the United States, the Dominion of Canada forming its northern boundary and the Pacific Ocean washing its western shore. It is one of the five states w?ich lie adjacent to the 49th parallel and one of the three which front on our greatest ocean. The 47th parallel, near which Olympia, the capital, is located, also passes through, or near, Duluth, Quebec, Bern in Switzerland, and Odessa on the Black Sea. The Hl3d meridian, passing a little to the westward of Olympia, is midway between Eastport, on the eastern margin of Maine, and the islands near the western end of the Aleutian chain. The entire area of Washington amounts to 69,lfl7 square miles. Of this total 66,836 square miles represent the land area alone and 9l,9l91 square miles are embraced in the inland water bodies. Among the states of the Union Washington ranks nineteenth in size, and is situated in this respect betwe:en Georgia, which is smaller, and Missouri, which is slightly larger. In comparison with some of the eastern states, Washington is larger in area than all of the New England states combined, with Delaware added. When the sizes of the western states are considered it is found that Washington is the smallest state west of Iowa. It may be noted that Texas contains approxi mately 3.8 times, California fl.3 times, and Montana 9l times the area of Washington. In outline the state is roughly rectangular, with irregu larities on its western and southwestern borders, where it has the Pacific and the Columbia for its boundaries. The frontage of the state on Columbia River amounts to 3fl0 miles, while the irregular coast line of the Pacific Ocean amounts to more than 9l,OOO miles. The most western point in Washington is Cape Aiava, a few miles south of Cape Flattery, while the most eastern point is on the Snake River, at the southeastern corner of the state. From 8 Bulletin No. 17, Waslvington Geological Survey south to north the state extends from the most southern bend of the Columbia, near Washougal, to the 49th parallel. From east to west the extreme distance across the state is approximately 370 miles, and from north to south ~38 miles. TOPOGRAPHY. The State of Washington contains within it segments of several of the major topographic divisions that are to be found near the western margin of the American Continent. These topographic divisions or forms have a north and south course and it is possible for several of them to be included in any I profile drawn across the state from east to west. A traveler following Columbia River, from the International boundary to tpe sea, may observe at least five of these topographic provinces, all of which are but small portions of larger areas which extend far to the northward and to the southward of the state. Beginning at the sea coast and going inland the larger to pographic divisions, and the general provinces to which they belong, are as follows: the Olympic Mountains and the Willapa I;Iills, which are a part of a comparatively low but extended range of mountains forming a rampart or barrier along the Pa cific border from Lower California to the islands of Briti h Columbia and Alaska; the Puget Sound Basin, a segment of a long and narrow trough which is more or less continuous from southern California to the Gulf of Georgia and Queen Charlotte . Sound; the Cascades, a subdivision of a prominent range of mountains that are practically continuous from Mexico to Alas ka; the Okanogan Highlands, Columbia Plateau and Blue Moun tains, that are more or less local subdivisions of a great interior basin that extends almost the entire length of the continent; and the Selkirk Mountains, one of the outliers or minor division of the great system of Rocky Mountains which forms the backbone of the continent. (See Plate I.)
OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS. The Olympics include that portion of Washington north of the valley of Chehalis River and west of Hood Canal. They are composed of many harp and irregular ridges eparatcd by deep A Geographic Dictionary of Washington 9 rnlleys, some of which are canyon-like in character. Surmount ing the ridges are occasional peaks, composed of harder 1·ocks, which have not been eroded as rapidly as other portions of the surface. The highest of these is Mount Olympus, with an ele vation of 8,150 feet. Olympus stands but little above several neighboring peaks and is therefore not a conspicuous mountain. In clear weather it may be readily observed from the ocean on the west, but not oft~n can it be seen from any other quarter ex cept from points of view near at hand. The Olympics are composed almost wholly of quartzites and slates, with some basic eruptive rocks along the northern, east ern and southern margins. No granites or related rocks have been found in place, and no ore bodies of commercial importance are known. While vulcanism has played a small part in the history of the Olympics there are no volcanic cones found any where within these mountains. In their topographic origin the Olympics represent a broad undulating plateau which from a former maximum elevation of more than 8,000 feet has been carved or dissected into the present plexus of peaks, ridges, passes, and valleys of various types. The fact that the rivers have worked headwards into the Olympics, from practically all directions, has given to the major valleys and the prominent divides or ridges a radial arrangement which is well marked. The Olympics are bordered on the north by a narrow pied mont plateau, adjoining the Strait of Juan de Fuca; on the west by a series of foothills and ridges which gradually decline in elevation from the high mountain mass to the ocean shore; on the south by an extensive belt of north and south ridges which lead to the Chehalis valley, while on the east the Olympics rise by a bold rampart from the level of Hood Canal, with scarcely a trace of an intermediate or piedmont plateau.
WILLAPA HILLS. ·The Willapa Hills represent a gap or break in the long profile of the coastal chain. They have a maximum elevation of S,000 feet and are therefore distinctly lower than the Olym pics on the north and have a lower elevation than the mountains 10 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey of the Oregon coast line, south of the Columbia. The Willapa Hills are sometimes described as a part of the Olympics but the two areas differ widely in both their geologic history and topo graphic origin. The bed rock of the Willapa Hills is composed almost wholly of tertiary sandstones and shales, but little meta morphosed, with a considerable quantity of basic igneous rocks. The strata have been folded and the tilted beds now stand at varying angles. Erosion has produced sharp ridges and deep valleys, the topograp11ic features representing the effects of stream action when applied to rocks of varying degrees of hardness. A radial arrangement of the rivers and valleys is in some evidence in the Willa.pa Hills, although the drainage is chiefly to the west and the south. The hills are almost everywhere soil covered and in no instance do they rise above timber line. The best developed river system is that of the Willapa and its tribu taries. Between the headwaters of the Willapa and Chehalis rivers there are several low divides, two of which are crossed by railways. On their southern margin the Willapa. Hills rise from the Columbia rather abruptly but on the north they grad ually merge into low foothills bordering Chehalis vaTiey. On the east they rise by slow degrees from the general level of Puget Sound Basin and on the west they decline until they merge into a belt of low sand dunes along the sea.
PUGET SOUND BASlN. A prominent trough or basin crosses the state from north to south, located at the western foot of the Cascade Moun ta.ins. The term Puget Sound is rightly applied only to certain chnn nels and inlets of the sea near the central part of this great trough, but for want of a better designation the name Puget Sound Basin as here used involves all of the great valley which reaches from the Columbia to the Canadian boundary. In general, along the median a>..ris of the great trough, the rolling plains rise but little above the sea. Occasionally low rounded hills are found upon the plain, but they are more or less isolated and rarely exceed 1,500 feet in height. In the northern A Geographic Dictum.ary of W asltington 11 and central sections of the basin the surface is everywhere drift covered and the differences in elevation a1·e but slight. In the southern part of the great trough the area was not glaciated and the irregularities of the surface arc more conspicuous. In its origin the Puget Sound Basin represents a structural downwarp or trough between the pl'Ominent mountain masses which bound it on both the east and west. Subsequent to this deformation 11 submergence occurred which brought about an in cursion of tl1e sea and a consequent flooding of the major val leys of the northern and central parts of the basin. Immediately south of the Canadian line, and between the mountains of Van couver Island and the Cascades, the depression was profound enough to submerge more than one-half of the former land sur face. The deeper valleys of the earlier surface now make up the various ramincations of Washington Sound and the southern portion of the Gulf of Georgia. The more elevated portions of the former basin surface now compose the piedmont plains ad jacent to the sea and the San Juan and neighboring islands. In the central segment of the basin, or in the Puget Sound region proper, the submergence was not so great and a smaller area comparatively passed beneath the sea. This section is characterized by many channels, canals and inlets, with inter vening plain-like surfaces having elevations ,vhich rarely e..~ceed 500 feet. On the west the transition is quickly made across a narrow plateau from the basin plains to the OJympic Mountains. On the east the change is more gradual, the plains merging into low hills and in turn into the outliers of the Cascades. While submergence affected the southern end of the great trough or basin, it was not enough to bring in the sea, and the topography is that of a gently undulating surface, less than 500 feet above tide, which gradually merges into the Cascades on the east and by slight gradations is transformed into the WilJapa Hills on the west.
CASCADE MOUNTAINS. The Cascades represent a segment out of the second great mountain barrier which parallels the Pacific for many hundreds U Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geologfoal Survey of miles. In Washington the Cascades trend slightly northeast and soutlnvest across the state. They have a width of about 60 miles at the Oregon line which gradually increases to UO miles at the Canadian boundary. On their eastern margin they change by easy gradations into the Okanogan Hi~hlands at the north and they merge into the Columbia Plateau at the south. The axial or summit line of the Cascade Mountains is very irregular in its course, made so by the gradual and local shifting of the main divide due to the vigorous erosive action of the mountain streams. Where prominent streams head on opposite sides of the principal divide well developed gaps or passes have been formed. These passes vary from a minimum of 3,010 feet in the case of Snoqualmie to those which represent but slight indentations in the crest line of the mountains. The lower passes are now utilized for railways, highways and trails. Except for the passes the summit line of the Cascades has an altitude aver aging about 6,000 feet above sea level, although a few of the pea.ks along the divide are 8,000 feet or more in height. In general the Cascades represent an uplifted block of the earth's surface that has come to the stage of maturity fo its erosion history. The mountains a.re characterized by a great ruggedness and a bold relief which are everywhere prominent. The many large rivers and their numerous tributaries have de veloped drainage patterns which have chiseled the mountain mass into a plexus of deep valleys with bordering ridges that are conspicuous for thefr length, steepness, general height and radial arrangement. Many of the secondary ridges and peaks that lie among the headwater streams are as bold and as high as those that compose the primary or ma.in Cascade divide. The only n6ta.ble exceptions to this development of the topography that characterizes the Cascades are to be found in the volcanic cones that occur at various places in the mountains. Such topo graphic features arc structural forms that have been built up by the outpourings of lava, cinders, ashes and other materials t~at have issued fr9m craters. Of the volcanic cones that are fo~nd in the Cascades only five a.re high enough to be covered A. Geographic Dictionary of Wasltington 18 with perpetual snow and arc therefore 11·ell known. In the order of elcYations these cones or isolated mountains are as follows: .Mt. Rainier, H,408 feet; Mt. Adams, U,307 feet; l\,lt. Baker, 10,750 feet; Glacier Peak, 10,436 feet; and l\ft. St. Helens, 9,671 feet. OKANOGAN HIGHLANDS. The Okanogan Highlands form a rectangular area lying be tween the Columbia Plateau on the south and the International boundary on the north. There is no sharp line of demarcation between the Okanogan Highlands and the Cascades on the west, or the Selkirk mountains on the eai;t. Somewhat arbitrarily the valley of the )Icthow might be regarded as the western limit of the Okanogan Ilighlands, Colville valley the eastern border, and Columbia and Spokane rivers the southern margin. TI1e Okanogm1 Ilighlands lack the ruggedness and wildness of the mountains on the east and the west. They are made up mainly of well defined north nnd south ridges or divides and wide ancl conspicuous inter-motLnta.in Yalleys. The divides ham gentle slopec; nnd moderate elevations and are not serious ob stacles to highway or railway building. The rivers arc bordered by broad and rolling uplands which rise by slow degrees to the inter-stream summits. There are occasional isolated mountains or outliers which in elevation stand somewhat above the sur rounding country. The most conspicuous of these is Mount Bonaparte, elevation '1,!280 feet, located 11.bout 18 miles south east of Orov.ille. COLUMBIA PLATEAU. This area involves all of southeastern Washington except the smaU extension of the Blue Mountains which crosses into the state from Oregon. The Columbia Plateau extends south ward from the Okanogan Highlands and is continuous far into Oregon. On the west it continues to rise until it merges with the Cascades, while on the east in a similar fashion it joins the larger outliers of the Rocky Mountains. In the south central part of the Columbia Plateau the suT face is very gently sloping and in elevation docs not exceed 14 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey
1,000 feet. Bordering this lowland on all sides, except on the south, the surface of the plateau ascends gradually until eleva tions of from i,OOO feet to i,500 feet are not uncommon. As the plateau rises higher and higher above sea level the topog raphy becomes more va1·ied and the irregularities of tht surface more conspicuous. This is chiefly due to the fact that in the higher portions of the plateau the streams may cut their valleys deeper and well developed canyons may result. In the more ele vated parts of the plateau the larger streams, such as the Columbia, Snake, and Spokane rivers have all excavated can yons with walls which sometimes exceed 1,500 feet in height. In other localities, especially in the northern part of the plateau, there are many coulees or canyons, such as Grand Coulee, once occupied by rivers but now abandoned as stream courses. Another source of irregularity in the surface of the plateau, especially in the western part, is found in the several low moun tain ridges which extend far out from the Cascades and topo graphically, at least, are parts of those mountains. These spurs of the Cascades have a general cast and west course and in some instances extend for many miles beyond the Columbia. From north to south the most prominent ridges are as follows: Badger l\1ountain, which crosses Douglas County to Grand Coulee; Frenchman Hills and Saddle Mountain, which extend across southern Grant County; Rattlesnake Hills, which de scribe a sweeping course across eastern Yakima and northern Benton counties; and the Horse H eaven Hills, along the eastern border line between Yakima and Klickitat counties. Over much of the Columbia Plateau the winds blow freely and wind-made or eolian hills are common, especially in the south central and southeastern sections. In the lowlands, where the rainfall is scant, the fine soil and sand accumulate in dunes. These as a. rule are not covered with vegetation and are readily shifted in position or modified in form by the larger wind storms. Farther east, on the uplands, in times gone by when the vegeta tion was less abundant, tbe soil was freely carried by the winds and as a. result the surface of the plateau is dotted with irregu- ..4 Geographic Dictionary of Washington 15 lady grouped eolian hills varying from a few feet to over ~00 feet in height. BLUE MOUNTAINS. The Blue Mountains in this state are but the no1·tbeastern extension of the main range which is located in Oregon. In Washington they gradually merge into the Columbia Plateau and all told do not occupy more than 6,000 square miles. The Blue Mountains comprise an elevated mass of basalt that has been deeply eroded by the streams which flow out radially and which have developed an irregula1· series of deep valleys with sharp divides. The ridges are frequently serrate in outline and in profile present alternations of individual peaks with saddles and passes. The highest points in the Blue Mountains reach an elevation of about 6,000 feet.
SELKIRK MOill\"TA.INS. In the northeastern corner of the state, north of Spokane valley and east of Colville valley, the1·e is a mountainous area which is a part of the Rocky Mountain System. The mountains of this area lie on the western front of the Rockies and continue northward into British Columbia and southeastward into Idaho. In British Columbia, where they are conspicuous in height and gener~l extent, they are known as the Selkirk Mountains. This term is here applied to those mountains in northeastern Wash ington that represent but a small segment of the much larger mass that lies beyond the borders of the state. In Washington the Selkirks are represented chiefly by the two prominent mountain ridges that lie on opposite sides of Clark Fork and by the more or less isolated group of mountains north and east of Spokane. Within the Selkirks, Clark Fork has carved a valley both wide and deep, which causes the neigh boring ridges to stand out in bold relief. The main diYides or ridges have been deeply eroded by the tributaries of Clark Fork, so that they are wild and rugged and often difficult of access. The highest peaks along the summits of the ridges are some times 6,000 f ect in height, or at an elevation of about 4,500 feet 16 Bulletin No. 17, TV ashington Geological S'lu-vey above the floor of Colville valley and about '±,000 feet above the level of the vnlley of Clark Fork.
CLIMATE. The climate of \ Vashington is the resultant of the influences exerted by the latitude, nearness to the sea, prevailing wind di rection, and varjation in altitude, or topography. Upon these things depend the rainfall, temperature, days of sunshine and days of cloudiness, length of growing season, and other condi tions which go to make up the climate of the state. As a rule equability in climate is more commonly attained in the lowlands than in the highlands and in areas nearer the sea than in locali ties more remote. TEMPERATURE. The differences m temperature for the different loctilities about the state depend primarily upon the nearness of tbe sea, the efovation ahove tide water, the direction of the usual winds, and the latitude. In a general way a station near the sea has a slighter seasonal variation and a smaller diurnal range of tem perature than is true of a station somewhat remote from the coast. In the same way the stations on the lowlands display much greater equability of tcmpcratm·e than is true of those 011 the plateaus or within the high mountains. In Table I the lowest temperature, by months, is given for the Weather Bureau Stations of the state. Among other things it is easily seen that the stations somewhat removed from the sea all have a much lower January minimum than is trne of lo calities near the ocean. The sharpest contrasts are between Bremerton, on P uget Sound, with a minimum of 14° , and Cusick, in the valley of Clark F ork, with a minimum of -S6°. The minimum , temperatures for August sl1ow a much le~s variance. The extremes are to be found between North H ead, at the mouth of the Columbia, with a temperature of 47°, and Cle Elum, with 0 a minimum of iS • The maximum, or highest temperature, by months, as re corded at each station is indicated in T able II. This table '"A .SIUNGTON GEOLOGICAi, Sunvt-:T 'Bm.12rrn Kn. l 7 PLATE II
47•
1------,--'--/-:-'·~-9- -- - a33 .14. ( ~s •.
The locations or the principal Weather Bureau stations or the state. For a list ot the stations, arranged In alpha· betlcal order, see page 38. 18 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey shows that there is a greater discrepancy between the maxima. for August than is true for January. It also discloses the fact that the summer maxima are almost invariably greater over the interior than is true nearer the ocean. The mean minimum and the mean maximum temperatures, by months, are given in tables III and IV. These tables bring out the fact that as far as the average minimum temperatures are concerned there is a wider divergence among stations in the winter season than in the summer months, while the opposite condition p1·evaj}s when the maximum temperatures arc consid ered. Included in T able V is the mean temperature, by months, and the mean annual tcmperatm·e of eac]1 station. The station with the highest mean annual temperatm·e is Zindel (55.9° ), lo cated in the low plains of Snake River, in the southeastern corner of the state. T he lowest mean annual temperature given is at 0 Republic ( 4S.fl ), which has an elevation of 2,69l8 feet and is located within SO miles of the International bounda1·y. In a general way it may be said that the stations with the highest mean annual temperatures are located in the lowlands of eastern W ashington, the stations with the lowest mean annual temper atures in the highlands east of the Cascades, and the stations with intermediate mean annual temperatures lie between the Cas cades and the sea. It is evident that a statement of the mean annual tempera ture a.lone does not convey the facts in regard to the seasonal changes. Two stations with the same mean annual temperature may vary consjderably in their extremes during the year. For instance, Spokane and T atoosh Island (Cape Flattery) both have a mean annual temperature of a little above 48°. The mean July temperature of the first station is 69.fl0 and of the second, 55.'7° ; the mean J anuary temperature ot the first sta tion is ~7°, and of the second, 41 ° ; the highe!>t recorded temper ature of the first station is 104°, and of the second, 84°; the lowest recorded temperature of the first station is -S0°, and of the second, 7°. A Geographic Dictionary of W ai>lzingt<>n 19
RAINFALL. The amount of rninfall, and its general as well as seasonal distribution over the state, depend primarily upon the nearness of a great ocean, the prevailing westerly winds which blow from off that water body, and the wide diversity in topography be tween sea level and mountain top. Tl1is variance in conditions gives rise to such extremes in annual rainfall as that noted in Table VI, where Clearwater has nearly 1~8 inches and Kenne wick about 61/.z inches. It also gives rise to great seasonal variations, as noted in the same table, where the station at Monte Cristo is shown to have a December 1·ainfall in excess of ~1 inches and an August rainfall of less than 1 inch. On Plate ill, by an arrangement of belts or zones, the ap proximate rainfall for the state is shown. The region of lowest rainfall, that under 10 inches annually, is in the south central part of the Columbia Plateau, or over the low plains which lie on opposite sides of Columbia River. This is not only a reg1on of low rainfall, but one where there is a minimum of cloudiness and I\ maximum of clear skies and sunny days. The humidity of the atmosphere is very low because the moisture has been very largely extracted from the air in its passage over the Cascades. The next belt, that from 10 inches to ~O inches, involves the Okanogan Highlands and the more elevated portions of the Columbia Plateau. The increased precipitation is directly due to the higher altitudes and to the fact that there is a note worthy increase in the amount of snowfall over that of the low plains. There are several areas of considerable size where the an nual rainfall is between !O inches and 40 inches. One of these belts is that along the eastern border of the state, including the Selkirk Range, the highest portions of the Columbia Plateau, and the Blue Mountains. A second belt extends across the state from north to south, on the eastern slopes of the Cascades, in volving those elevations midway between the mountain summits W ASlUNOTON GEOJ,OOICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 17 PLATE Ill
c'O_
IN INCHl!:S 0&-J.ow/0 rn60ro80 BO §t0 TO?O (HB 80n>IOO []]]c0 T0-40 lffiAeove 100 /0- l2Zl-,.fo ro 60
Belts of rainfall, giving the annual precipitation in inches throughout the state. Compiled from records of the U. $. Weather Bureau. A Geographic Dictionary of JV ashing ton ~l and the lowlands bclow. A. third belt embr..tces the low plains adjacent to the sea, in the no1·tbwest part of the state. The low rainfall here is directly due to the fact that this area lies on the lee side of the Olympics and the high mountains on Van couver Island. One belt of rafofa]l from 40 inches to 60 inches includes all of the Puget Sound Basin, except the area of lowlands last men tioned, as well as the lower slopes of the Cascctdes on their western front, ancl in nddition some of lhe eastern foothills of both the Olympic l\fountains and the Willa.pa Hills. Another belt is a long and narrow one, extending the length of the Cascades, and lying immediately east of Lh e summit line of the mountains. There are two belts of raiofall where the annual amount is between 60 inches and 80 inches. One of these belts is a rather narrow one which lies at the foot of the northeastern and eastern Olympics and which fringes the \Villa.pa llills on their eastern, southern and western sides. The second is a bToader belt which involves the summit of the Cascades and their western slopes down to an elevation of aboul 2,500 feet. Those portions of tbe state with an annual rainfall greater than 80 inches embrace three areas. Two of these a1·e located on the western side of the Cascades, within the belt of 60-80 inches last described. The third area includes aH of the higher Olympics and Willapa Hills. The summit of the Olympics, and much of the western slope of those mountains, have a rainfall in excess of 100 inches pc1· annum. In this locality, immediately adjacent to the sea., and on the wind"•ud side of a high mountain mass, the maximum rainfall of the state occurs. On Plate IV, by a series of diagrams, the monthly rainiall in inches is indicated for certain Weather BuTeau Stations. It is at once seen that at all of the stations west of the summit of tbe Cascades there is a heavy winter rai11fall, an intermediate spring and autumn rainfall, and a low summer rainfall. The diagrnms for eastern Washington, in contrast with those west of the Casca '!'be monthly precipitation, in lncbes, at certain Weather Bureau stations. Compiled from records of the U. S. Weather Bureau. N:> TABLE I. LOWEST TEMPERATURE, BY MONTHS. ~ Nnmb'r STATION OOUNTY Eleva- years Jan. Feb. .Mch. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. b::l tlon record ~ ------· ....~ Aberdeen...... Groys Harbor.... 162 28 8 13 18 25 29 S2 &l 36 30 28 18 s .::! Anacortes ...... Skagit...... 00 9 7 17 21 28 81 36 85 87 26 23 12 7 Baker...... Skagit...... 890 9 -1 12 15 27 32 87 41 31 31 10 10 7 Belllngb am ...... Whatcom...... 00 19 0 8 1$ 27 80 80 35 37 26 24 4 7 ~ Blaine...... Whatcom ...... 67 16 -1 -3 6 20 21 S2 34 83 w la -3 7 ' Bremerton ...... Kitsap...... 15 6 H 18 21 29 29 87 89 41 $4 30 16 0 ~'< Drinnon...... Jefferson...... so 8 11 10 20 29 3-1 33 4S ~2 39 28 20 20 CedarLake ...... King...... 1,646 3 5 15 25 31. 32 35 41 42 87 32 27 .7 ..... Centralia ...... Lewi.s ...... 212 21 3 9 a 24 28 31 85 85 24, 22 6 0 ~ Obeney ...... SJ)Ol::8DO...... 2,351 8 -20 -ll3 6 14 21 21 31 30 25 14 4 0 i::, OtearbrOQk ...... Whatcom ...... 140 ll -,I 6 10 21 26 28 38 so 20 22 17 l ;;:;.. w Cll N) TABLE II. HIGHEST TEMPERATURE, BY MONTHS. ~ I I N'umb'r STATION OOU:NTY Eleva- years Jan. I Feb. Mcb. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. ()et. Nov. tlon record ------t.... Aberdeen ...... 162 23 61 78 82 68 91 100 106 96 93 85 73 ! · Anacortes ...... 60 9 o6 69 66 79 8S 81 89 80 83 77 68 68 Baker...... 300 s 58 66 79 93 ~ 96 98 97 96 87 00 ~ Bellingham...... GO 19 71 67 70 81 81 89 96 94 88 76 73 Blaine...... 67 16 69 62 66 79 81 89 80 9l 8' 72 66 N. Bren1erton ...... 16 5 69 63 76 80 87 98 94 95 88 85 7! 63 Drinnon ...... 80 8 58 71 71 81 83 86 92 89 87 79 68 60 :< Cedar Lake...... 1,547 3 68 62 77 81 86 91 97 96 90 79 64 66 Centralia ...... 212 Zl 63 Tl 70 94 97 101 102 102 94 89 76 61 ~ Cheney ...... 2,351 8 60 6.J 7Z 89 00 105 10'7 101 93 80 7! 66 Clcorbrook...... 140 11 58 61 73 86 90 96 97 93 90 79 67 67 l Olean,•ater ...... 135 H 61 63 71 87 89 99 100 {tr 91 77 62 r:11 §· Ole Elum ...... 1,930 16 54 63 '1"2 85 92 97 104 102 94 86 67 68 Oolfnic ...... 2,800 23 62 69 78 88 94 97 107 113 96 90 73 GO ~ Ool\'llle ...... 1,635 15 6l 56 76 92 94 100 100 101 95 90 70 67 ConconuUy ...... 2,300 16 61 68 71 85 88 95 98 97 92 81 64 40 [ 9l 92 88 79 66 64 00Ul>e\1Ue ...... 160 13 58 65 68 79 88 88 c;) Ouslck ...... 2,050 8 50 68 79 85 91 95 102 100 91 81 60 52 Dayton ...... 1,615 24 &,; 71 84 89 95 99 107 109 97 88 79 63 ~ Ellensburg ...... 1,570 23 616 00 76 re 95 98 1().l 103 96 87 68 69 0 Ephrata ...... 1,265 9 52 69 72 90 95 104 109 107 97 89 78 00 01:I Forks ...... 480 4 57 60 72 77 85 90 98 94 86 79 60 9 Fort Simcoe ...... 1,427 22 62 68 81 92 101 103 112 109 ll8 85 69 ~· Goldendale ...... 1,600 JO 58 Ill 00 S3 96 101 106 105 96 81 66 ~..... Hatton ...... 1,100 10 &J 76 & 95 101 104 ll2 107 98 89 75 55 Kennellick ...... 868 20 74 74 as 95 106 108 lH 115 l()'Z 88 78 Klona ...... 430 11 CY 70 8Ii 93 99 100 110 104 100 86 76 Kosmos ...... 700 8 68 68 so S9 93 95 l ~ ?~ TABLE III. MEAN MINI1\£UM TEMPERATURE, BY MONTHS. CX) Numb'r I STA'l'ION OOCTNTY Eleva- years Jan. Feb. Mch. Apr. May June Jnly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. tion record r ------I------"'.,.. Aberdeen ...... ]62 21 83.1 8,1.() 35.3 37.9 42.7 47.1 49.9 50.t •JG.S 4$.1 39.0 36.2 !· Anacortes ...... 60 0 8:!.S S,J.() 86.7 38.7 43.3 46.5 47'.8 46.6 42.2 38.8 35.1 40.G Baker ...... 300 7 27.8 31.3 32.7 S0.7 42.8 47.4 61.0 50.3 46.7 n.2 S4.9 32.9 ~ llelllngbam ...... 60 19 32.6 33.9 35.7 3$).,1, 44.3 49.0 51.ll 50.7 46.6 42.6 $8.4 35.4 S> Blaine...... 57 16 29.0 30.4 31.7 30.4 41.5 46.0 47.8 4.7.0 43.8 39.2 34.5 S2.0 ...... Bremerton ...... 15 5 35.4 34.2 37.5 88.7 43.9 48.1 50.7 50.8 47.6 44.1 39.6 37.2 Drinnon...... 80 9 33.7 33.8 36.2 39.7 45.2 48.9 63.1 53.1 40.2 41.1 119.1 ~5.8 :.:c Cheney ...... 2,,851 s 10.6 20.6 26.6 27. M> ~ ~ TABLE IV. MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, BY MONTHS. 0 Nlllllb'r S'1'AT10N OOUN'l'Y Eleva- years Jan. Feb. Mcb. Apr. Moy Juno July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. tloo record r ------£' Aberdeen ...... Grays Harbor. . .. 162 21 44.8 4S.4 62.9 67.7 62.S 65.8 70.6 71.2 68.3 61.4 51.8 !" Anacortes ...... Slcagtt...... 60 9 42.0 41>.6 51.1 55.9 62.7 67.1 71.7 72.0 67.0 67.4 60.9 9 B11ker ...... Skagit ...... 390 7 38.7 45,.9 54.7 63.1 67.0 72.4 79.1 76.9 71.0 60.l 47.S 8 ~ Bellingham...... Whatcom ...... 60 19 45.6 48.6 51.6 58.2. 6S.2 67.7 71.4 70.9 00.4 59.2 &.O 0 ~ 4.8.1 9 Blaine...... Whatcom ...... 57 16 41.4 45-.0 49.8 56.8 63.l 68,8 73.6 72.4 64.8 56.8 No Bremerton...... Kitsap ...... 15 5 45.2 4S.2 54.2 59.0 63.9 68.8 74.i 74.7 69.9 61.9 51.6 9 Drinnon ...... Jefferson ...... so 9 42.8 46'.l 50.9 58.2 62.8 68.1 73.8 72.9 00.7 68.0 49.6 8 ~"'< Cedar Lake ...... Ring...... 1,646 8 40.9 46.9 54.1 63.8 68.6 72.8 76.8 79.8 70.6 64.S 48.0 6 Centralia ...... Lewis...... 212 19 43.7 47.8 63.8 60.9 67.4 72.6 79.6 78.6 71.4 62.l 61.8 6 ~ $pokaoe ...... 2,351 8 S6.5 42:.1 62.0 66.4 71.5 8).3 88.9 85.4 76.6 65.1 52.0 5 ;::, Cheney ...... «> Clearbrook...... Whatcom...... 140 11 88.3 44..3 62.0 60.1 oo.3 70.3 76.5 7t,6 68,8 59.4 49.8 5 ;::-a Olearwator ...... ,lefferson ...... 135 12 43.4 45.3 50.9 57.0 61.1 65.9 71.1 70.8 66.6 58.3 49.7 5 CleEJum...... Kittitas ...... 1,930 16 84.9 S8.7 49.8 58.1 65.6 71.5 81.3 79.6 71.S 60.2 45.l is· Colfax ...... Whitman ...... 2,300 20 88.S 41.t 50.8 60.0 67.9 73.0 82.8 62.8 72.2 6-1..2 48.7 Colville ...... Stevens ...... 1,635 15 31.6 37.8 51.2 63.3 70.6 77.4 85.8 88.7 78.6 60.7 48.2 8 °l Conconully ...... Okanogan ...... 2,300 15 30.0 35.7 47.9 60.t 68.6 7,1..8 82.5 81.8 70.0 59.2 43.4 4 ~ Coupeville...... Island ...... 160 11 88.3 44.3 52.0 60.1 65.3 70.3 76.5 74.5 68.8 59.4 40.8 6 CUslck ...... Pend Oreille...... 2,050 8 33.1 35.6 47.8 60.6 68.1 74.9 82.5 81.6 70.2 50.l 45.0 8 (;') Dnyton ...... Columbia ...... 1,615 24 4J .l 43.2 53.0 62.2 68.4, 75.4 85.7 88.2 73.6 63.5 61.1 7 ~ Ellensburg ...... Kittitas .....•..... 1,570 2S 83.8 ~ .8 fi/Z.5 61.8 68.6 73.7 81.9 80.7 71.0 61.0 45.1 1 32.2 67.3 74.2 81.2 91.1 88.8 '19.4 67.1 51.7 4 S' Ephrata ...... Grant ...... 1,265 9 41.5 1>3.9 Ot,. Forks ...... OlaOam ...... 480 4 40.7 47.1 58.2 69.S 66.6 00.5 71.8 73.7 68.0 60.9 48.9 5 2,. Fort Simcoe...... Yakima ...... 1,427 18 37 .4 4Ll 55.6 &1.6 72.6 78.6 87.5 86.8 75.9 CW.5 49.1 0 Goldendnle...... Klickitat ...... 1,600 9 37.2 43.2 l>l.9 64.0 70.9 77.0 86.3 SU 74.0 62.9 47.8 1 i::, Hatton ...... Adams ...... 1,100 10 86.3 43.2 57.4 68.• 75.8 82.0 92.7 S8.8 78.9 65.9 50.4 2 9 -- Kennewick ...... :Benton ...... S68 19 40.9 46.9 68.8 69.5 77.4 84.8 93.t 90.7 72.2 67.5 68.0 Klona ...... Benton ...... 430 11 37.4 4&.0 69.8 69.5 74.7 82.0 91.5 80.5 79.7 l;T.4 61 .5 4 Kosmos ...... Lewi.s ...... 700 8 il.2 46.7 M.6 61.8 66.8 72.6 81.2 78.0 72.1 61.8 51.0 0 t LaCl!ntor...... Olarke...... 250 17 43.4 47.0 5).9 60.1 66.5 70.9 78.3 77.3 7).7 60.4 50.7 8 ~ Lake Kacbess ...... KILtltas ...... 2,235 9 29.5 36.0 47.0 65.3 61.1 68.9 76.3 77.3 67.6 55.7 40.7 0 s::e Lakeside...... Ohelan ...... 1,116 21 31.4 37.0 49.4 62.2 70.8 77.9 86.2 Sl.9 73.7 61.1 H.4 8 Lester ...... King ...... 1,614 8 37.6 44:.0 62.6 59.6 64..4 60.8 80.0 77.0 I 71.2 62.0 49.3 5 Lind ...... Adams...... 1,700 9 37.0 40.7 51.6 65.8 73.8 81.9 91.5 91.0 78.2 65.6 49.3 T.nnmls...... Okanol!&n ...... 1.200 10 SO.I 87.8 49.3 65.5 72.8 78.7 86.9 87.8 74.8 60.4 0.8 Lyle...... Kllckltot ...... , .. 700 16 39.0 <14.l &.9 63.2 68.8 76.l IU.2 83.4 75.l 64.2 '8.6 39.6 Mon~ Cristo ..... , • ...... Snohomish ...... 2,77! 89.9 S7.6 43.2 411.7 &1..3 6'l.1 73.1 76.1 ~.o 59.6 43.9 42.l Mottinger...... • .Benton ...... •...• 307 17• 40.8 46.9 61.1 70.2 76.6 83.4 91.6 91.3 80.9 69.5 63.l 42.{ North Head...... Paclnc.•.....•.... 211 27 45.4 46.8 49.5 62.6 66.l 58.2 62.1 62.6 69.9 67.8 51.8 48.0 Northport...... Stevena ...... 1,350 14 30.0 86.l 48.7 62.7 71.0 78.7 86.2 8).7 71.9 67.0 42.0 U.l Olg11...... San Juan •....•... ro 2":? 49.l 45.8 49.6 fio.4 60.7 65.2 69.l 68.0 63.5 66.1 49.S 45.7 Olympln...... •. . . . 'l'hul'Ston ...... S5 Sil 43.6 46.6 63.0 00.6 OOA n.s 77.0 76.0 68.8 $.2 60.7 45.9 Pomeroy...... GnrtleJcl ...... •.... 1,8)) 24 38.7 42.3 61.7 60.7 07.8 15.4 &.3 !ili.7 74.2 6'.0 49.4 40.3 Port Angeles ...... Olallam ..•...... 21) H 41.8 4l.4 48.8 52.8 58.3 61.2 64.2 66.4 60.4 6L3 47.8 44.4 ::i... Port Crescent...... Olnllam ...... 259 15 42.1 -14.0 47.5 61.9 66.7 59.2 63.S 62.9 60.9 64.9 49.0 44.8 Port '.l'o,vnsend...... Jellerson ...... 80 20 {3.5 46.4 60.7 li6.8 60.7 66.1 69.7 66.2 57.S 60.3 46.6 56.7 ~ Pullman...... Wbltmon ...... 2,sro 22 34.0 38.5 4ll.5 b'l.2 63.9 71.6 82.7 81.9 70.9 58.8 H.4 88.6 Reardan...... • . Lincoln ...... 2,510 16 3'2.l 37.l 48.2 69.7 67.7 14.2 84.1 82.6 72.5 oo.o .S.8 33.7 ~..., Republic ...... Ferry ...... •... 2,628 13 30.4 35.l 48.1 60.6 67.6 74.7 83.2 81.8 71.5 56.6 40.7 81.6 Rosnllu ...... ,...... Whitman ...... • 2,425 23 S.1.7 38 .. 2 46.8 67.0 64.8 71.6 8l.2 80.8 70.0 69.3 ~.o 36.0 ~ Seallle...... King •...... ••...• 2-lS 23 u.r, l7.l 51.6 f/1.6 63.2 67.9 73.2 72.6 66.2 68.0 60.8 ,o.s ::,,, Sedro Woolley ...... Skagit ...... S8 17 .. 2.5 41.2 63.9 01.5 66.4 72.2 70.5 75.1 69.4 60.6 50.5 4.5.6 Snohomish...... Snohomish ...... G6 19 43.1 (7.·l 62.7 60.0 05.2 69.0 75.2 7t.1 68.1 69.9 60.8 46.6 ~- Snoqualmie Falls...... Kini:', ...... 410 12 41.8 46.1 53.l 60.6 67.7 71U 80.9 77., 69.3 58.9 50.6 45.0 t::1 South !lend...... PnciJlc ...... 140 16 47.4 49.9 63.8 68.6 63.l 66.7 73.4 71.8 70.0 63.6 64.4 48.9 g· Spoknne...... • • . . . . . SpokODe ...... 1,943 34 3:1.2 ss.o 49.l 69.2 67.6 73.9 83.0 82.S 71.0 68.9 4LS 86.4 .,_ Sunnyside...... Ynklma .•...•..•.. 740 10 37.S H.6 56.7 66.8 73.7 81.2 88.6 87.0 76.1 64.0 49.8 38.7 s· Tacoma. . • . • ...... Pierce •...... 213 17 43.8 4/J.9 50.6 67.3 62.2 67.6 73.2 72.1 66.6 58.2 60.9 4l>.6 .:I 'l'atOOt!h lslnnd ...... Clallam ...... 100 2.5 41.3 45.2 47.5 60.8 &1.3 67.2 69.9 60.0 67.9 54.6 49.9 ,s.s 'l,'rlnfdad ...... Douglas ...... 000 11 35.3 40.0 65.l 67.4 75.3 82.5 90.9 80.5 79.1 66,9 48.!i 35.6 Union City ...... •...... •..... Mason ..•...... 10 13 4~.1 47.9 62.3 00.S 60.5 72.4 78.3 77 .] 69.6 61.2 60.1 46.0 J Vancouver...... Clarke...... 100 17 41.5 49.8 65.9 62.6 66.8 '12.7 79.7 79.5 'i'l!.8 63.i 63.4 45.8 W11llo W&llo••••••. •••.••...• Wallo Walin .... . 1,000 29 3U.2 48.8 64.2 63.6 71.3 '17.8 88.2 Bll.7 75.6 64.0 51.0 41.8 ~ Wllllhougnl...... Olarkc ...... 660 u 42.1 46.l 53.7 60.9 64.5 69.9 77.4 77.S 70.0 61.S 51.2 44.2 ..... Wenntcboe...... • . . • . . . Ohelan ...... ~ 16 :r2.8 38.2 49.1 fl9.0 (11.1 74.9 88.7 81.0 71.4 60.2 43.8 38.8 "tj WIibur ....•.•...... •• , • . . J.locoln .•...... 2,203 15 30.8 36.6 49.7 61.1 68.8 7lUI 88.7 &.7 ?3.0 6U 4L8 33.5 Wind River ...... Skamnnln...... 1,300 6 86.8 t2.3 62.0 59.4 66.2 '12.5 79.3 80.2 70.0 69.4 41.5 41.4 f;:,,-, Yale...... Co1r11tz ...... 375 8 40.7 <» )-1 c:,::, TABLE V. MEAN TEMPERATURE, BY MONTHS, AND MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE. N) Numb·r S'l'ATION COUN'l'Y l:levn· yeurs Jnn. Feb. Mcb. Apr. May Jnnc July Aug. Sept. CM. Nov. Dec. tlon record ~ ------· -~ Aberdeen ...... Grays Harbor•.•. 1G2 22 39.1 t0.8 H.O 48.0 6'Z.G 00.1 00.1 60.8 67.6 52.2 46.4 4-0.7 8 ~- Anacortes...... Skagit ...... (;0 !I Tt.2 iO.:l 43.1 47.3 53.0 56.8 W..8 69.6 66.8 49.8 44.9 40.6 2 j 8 ~ ll11ker ...... Sl t.o ~ <:N TABLE VI. MEAN PREJCIPATION, BY MONTHS, AND MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION. i,1,- Numb'r S'l'ATIO~ COUN'l'~ Eleva- years Jrui. Feb. Mch. Atlr. May June July Aug. SctJt. Ocl. Nov. Dec. An- tlon record nual t<>:, ------· --· ------Aberdeen ...... Grays Harbor.... 162 23 11.90 9 .W ., .rrr 6.06 4.f2 S.67 1.00 1.18 4.5,I 6.69 15.52 13.0'T 85.57 J· Anacortes ....•...... Skagit ...... 60 9 3.46 2.80 2.18 2.00 1.97 1.37 0.66 0.99 1.72 2.66 4.69 3.70 28.12 2.01 0.99 2.06 3.97 G.64 13.U 8.44 64.55 ~ Baker...... Skagit ...... 300 7 9.95 0.40 -4.22 8.10 8.18 ~ J3e1Ungba m ...... Whatcom ...... GO 18 8.33 2.98 2.57 2.02 2.26 1.65 0.75 1.25 2.28 2.61 4.6'2 4.17 30.49 Blaine ...... Whatcom ...... 57 16 6.67 4.22 3.31 2.48 2.81 2.22 0.97 1.21 3.06 3.63 7.18 5.77 4.2.53 ._ Bremerton ... , ...... Kftaar, ...... 40 16 6.05 6.40 .3.SJ 2.23 1.93 1.115 0.62 0.70 1.78 3.18 7.00 6.S co ~ 00 0:, TABLE YU. FROST DATA AND LENGTH OF GROWING SEASON. I A 1·erage length Latest date /\ vernge date Earliest dllte A,·erage date of growfng sea- 0::, Nun1b·r1 or of Inst of of earliest son- Inst killing .: STA'l'TOX I COUN'l't I Elevo- 1 years lkllllng lroH killing frost killing rrost killing frost frost to f\rsl ~ tlon record io Rl)rlng lo spring In outumn In autumn ldllfng frost ...... (Dny8) ~- ~ Aberdeen ...... Grays Rnrbor.... 1()2 2-2 ,Tune 6 ...... April 2'2 ...... September 13..• Ortober rt ...... 186 ~ Anacortes...... Skagit ...... 60 9 May 2 ...... April 9 ...... September 2~ ... November 5 ..... 208 .._._ ll11ker ...... Skagit ...... 300 7 llay 20 ...... A11rll 20 ...... August 24 ...... October 2"2...... 183 '< Belllnghllni ...... Whntrom ...... GO IS J11nc 19 ...... A11ril 2'2 ...... September 21. .• 0(-tober 18...... 177 - Blaine...... Whatcom ...... &7 16 Jww ;; ...... Moy 2 ...... September 12.•. October 4 ...... 1~ No,·ember G..... 200 --.:: Rremertou ...... KJts1111 ...... 15 6 AJlrlI :!8 ...... ,\Jlrfl 12...... October 1.8 ...... -:;:, Brinooo ...... JelTeraon ...... 80 s April 23 ...... April 2 ...... October 18...... Nove,mbtemb ... November 3 ..... 20;; ~... Dayton ...... Columbia ...... 1,616 18 Juoc 11 ...... Moy,...... Se11temoor 20 ... Octobe_r l:! ...... liiO C EUunsburg ...... KlttltRS...... 1,570 2'2 June 11 ...... Mny 13 ...... A llgllsV ~4 ...... Sentember 22 ... 130 0 Hatton ...... A Ci\) 4 88 Bulletin Xo. 17, Washington Geologict1l Survey UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU STATIONS. (For the location ot these slatlons see Plate II.) 1. Aberdeen 24. Goldendale ,11. Reardan 2. Anacortes 26. Halton 48. Republic 3. Baker 2G. Kennewick ·19. Rosalla. 4. Bellingham 27. I DRAINAGE. In those portions of Washington where the annual precipi tation is in excess of 40 inches the stream channels are well de veloped and the drainage patterns are well established. As a rule all the streams flow continuously throughout the year and ample water may be secu1·ed for domestic and other uses. Where the yearly rainfa11 is between io and 40 inches the waterways are more infrequent and the la1·ger streams have relatively fewer tributaries. Not only are stream channels less frequent, but the smaller ones usually do not contain running water at those sea.sons of the year when the 1r11infa1l is least. In the semi-arid and arid regions, where the annual rainfall is less than flO inches, there are relatively but few drainage channels and only the larger streams cany an abundance of water except during the season of maximum precipitation. In the more arid localities the smaller streams are active on]y at times of heavy rainfall or in the spring when the snow is being rapidly converted into running water. A Geographic Dictionary of 1Vasltington 39 The principal stream of Washington is Columbia. River. It drains a11 of the state cast of the summit of the Cascades, as well as a belt of country west of those mountains and lying ad jacent to its lower course. The length of the Columbia. in Washington is 760 miles and its drop from the International boundary to tide water is 1,350 feet. The drainage area of Columbia River above The Dalles amounts to ~37,000 square miles, of which over 40,000 square miles are in Washington. The p1·incipal eastern tributaries of Columbia RiYer are the Snake, Clark Fork and Spokane rh•ers. All these streams head in the Rocky 1\lountains wbere the rainfall and the snowfa11 arc ample to give them an abundant run-off for the year. They all flow from regions of heavier to regions of lighter precipita tion, but despite this fact they arc all streams of abundant dis charge and are important for power, irrigation and other ui:;cs. The principal northern tributaries of the Columbia, which flow across the Okanogan Highlands, arc Kettle and Okanogan nvers. Both rise in the mountains of British Columbia and both flow from a region of larger precipitation into an inca with a lesser rainfoll. The chief western hibutaries of Columbia River, which drain the eastern slopes of the Cascades, are the l\lethow, Chelan, Wenatchee and Yakima rivers. These streams head in the lakes and snowfields of the higher mountains, and <'fLrry abun dant water for power and for the irrigation that is necessary nlong their lower courses. In the lower sections of the Columbia, where it flows west ward to enter the sea, the major tributa1·ies joining it from the north arc the Klickitat,- White Salmon, Wind, Lewis, and Cow litz rivers. All of these streams head neai· the summit and upon the higher slopes of the Cascades a.11d are important rive1·s. The second hydrographic area of Washington in size is the basia where the drainage all enters Puget Sound. This in volves principally the western slopes of the Cascades, cast of Puget Sound, where the p1·ecipitation is notably heavy and where the heaviest run-off of the state mny be found. From 40 Bulletl.n No. 1'1, Wasl1i11gton Geologiutl Su1"t.Jey north to south the principal streams arc the Nooksak, Skagit, Stilaguamish, S11oho01isb, CedfLr, Green, White, P uyallup, and Nisqmilly rivers. T hese arc important streams in serving the cities and towns of the lowlands with water for domestic pur poses a11d with hydro-electric power. I n A.ddition to these streams there are other tributaries of P uget Sound which drain the eastern slopes of the Olympics. In this group the larger rivers, all of which enter H ood Canid, are the Skokomish, Duck abush, and Dosewallips. T he northern, western und southern slopes of the Olympics, as well as the major portion of the Willapa. H ills, drnin directly into the P acific Ocean. In these sections of the state the streams arc very 1,umerous because of the e..xcessive rainfall. As a rule they arc not Jarge in volume, mainly because they arc not very long and no one alone drains a very great scope of country. The principal streams entering the ocean from the Olymp ics are the Elwba. Quillayute, H oh, Quccts, and Quinault 1·ivers. The major stream entering Grays H arbor is Chehalis R iver, which receives important tributarie from both the 01 ympics on the north and the Willapa Hills 011 the south. T he chief streams dmining the western portion of the "\Villa.pa H ills are North, ~ asel llnd VV illupa rivers, all of which n.re tributary to vVillupa BuJ. WASHINOTON GEOLOOICAI, SURVEY BoLU.'TJN No. 17 PLATE V Stream gaging stalions that have been act.Ive within the t\vo years prior to April l, 1917. The stations are ne,u·Iy all malntalned by the U. S. Geological Survey In cooperation with the Washington Geological Survey; a tew 11.re malnbLLned by the U. S. Reclamation Service, the U. S. Office of Indian Affairs, the U. S. ll'orest Service, and certn.ln power companies, Irriga tion districts, cltles, and Individuals. For a 11st of the stations, arranged In alphabetical order. see pages 42-44. 4Q Bulletin No. 17, Washvngton Geological Survey STREJAM GAGING STATIONS, MAINTAINED BY THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN COOPERATION WITH THE WASHINGTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. (For location of stations see Plate V.) 1. Ahtanum Cree\{, North Fork of, near Tampico. 2. Ahtanum Creek, South Fork of, near Tampico. 3. American River near Nile. 4. Baker River near Concrete. 6. Baker River below Anderson Creek, near Concrete. 6. Baker River at Concrete. 7. Bumping Lake near Nile. 8. Bumping River near Nile. 9. Cedar River at Cedar FaJJs. 10. Cedar River near Landsburg. 11. Chelan River at Chelan. 12. Chiwawa Creek near Leavenworth. 13. Clark Fork at Metallne Falls. 14. Clear Fork near Lewis. l 5. Cle Elum Lake near Roslyn. 16. Cle Elum River near Roslyn. 17. Coal Creek near Lewis. 18. Columbia River at Priest Rapids. 19. Columbia River at Trail, B. C. 20. Cowlitz River at Lewis. 21. Cowlitz River at Mossy Rock. 22. Entiat River at Entiat. 23. Hall Creek near lnchelium. 24. Icicle Creek near Leavenworth. 25. Johnson Creek near Lewis. 26. Kachess Lake near Easton. 27. Kachess River near Eastom. 28. Keechelus Lake near Mart1n. 29. Kettle River at Boyda. 80. Klickitat River near Glenwood. 31. Lake Chelan at Chelan. 32. Lake Creek at outlet of Packwood Lake. near Lewis. 33. Lake Creek at mouth, near Lewis. 34. Lewis River near Amboy. 35. Manastash Creek near Ellensburg. 36. Methow River at Pateros. 37. MUI Creek near Walla Walla. 38. Miller Creek near Berlin. 39. Moses Lake at Neppel. 40. Naches River at Anderson's ranch, near Nile. U. Naches River at Oak Flat, near Nile. 42. Nespelem River at Nespelem. 43. New Reservation canal near Parker. 44. Ohanapecosh River near Lewis. 45. Okanogan River at Okanogan. 46. Old Reservation canal near Parker. 47. Palouse River at Hooper. 48. Palouse River near Potlatch, Idaho. 49. Palouse River near Winona. .4. Geogrnphic Dicticnary of W a.~hington 43 50. Puyallup River near Alderton. 61. Puyallup River near Electron. 52. Puyallup River at Puyallup. 53. Quinault River at QulnaulL. 64. Reservation drain at Alfalfa. 55. Rock C,·eek near Ewan. 66. Salmon Creek near Conconully. 57. Sanpoll River at Keller. 68. Satus Creek below Dry Creek, near Topt)enish. 59. Sauk River at Darrington. 60. Simcoe Creek near Fort Simcoe. 61. Slmilkameen River at Nighthawk. 62. Slmllkameen River near Oroville. 63. Skagit River at Reflector Bar, near Marblemou11t. 64. Skagit River near Marblemount. 65. Skagit River near Sedro Woolley. 66. Skokornlsb River, North Fork of, near Hoodsport. 67. Skykomish River, North Fork of, at Index. 69. Snake River at Burbank. 70. Snake._Rlver at Riparia. 71. Snoqualmie River, Middle For·k of, near North Bend. 72. Snoqualmie River, North Fork of, at cable bridge, neat· North Bend. 73. Snoqualmie River, North Fork of, near North Bend. 74. Snoqualmie River, South Fork of, near Garcia. 75. Snoqualmie River, South Fork of, near North Bend. 76. Spokane River below Little Falls, near Long Lake. 77. Spokane River at Spokane. 78. Stehekln River at Stehekln. 79. Stetattle Creek near Marblemount. so. Stllaguamish River, South Fork oC. at Granite Falls. 81. Stllaguamish River. South Fork of, near Silverton. 82. Stranger Creek at Inchellum. 83. Stranger Creek at Meteor. Si. Sullivan Creek near Metaline Falls. 85. Sullivan Lake near Metaline Falls. 86. Sultan River near Sultan. 87. Sunnyside canal near Wapato. ss. Teanaway River near Cle Elum. 89. Tieton River :i.t McAllister Meadows, near Naches. 90. Tieton River at heaclworks of Tieton canal, near Naches. 91. Tieton canal near Naches. 92. Tieton River, North Fork of, below Clear Creek, near Naches. 93. Tokul Creek near Snoqualmie. 94. Toppenish Creek near Fort Simcoe. 95. Tucannon River near Pomeroy. 96. Tucannon River near Starbuck. 97. Wenatchee River near Leavenworth. 98. ·wenatchee River at Dryden. 99. Wenatchee Valley canal at Dryden. 100. Whatcom Creek near Bellingham. 101. Whatcom Lake near Bellingbam. 102. White River at Buckley. 103. White River flume at Buckley. 104. White Salmon River at splash dam, near Trout Lake. 105. White Salmon River at Husum. 106. Yakima River at Cle Elum. 107. Yakima River at Easton. 44.i Bulletim No. 17, Washimgton Geological Survey 108. Yakima River at Kiona. 109. Yakima River nea1· Martin. 110. Yakima River near Prosser. 111. YaJdma River at Umtanum. J 12. Yakima River at Union Gap, neal' Yakima. 113. Yakima River near Wapato. GRADIENT OF COLUMBIA RIVER. Differ- A ,•croge Distance cn<-e lo tlrop FROM .MOU'l'U OF '1'0 MOO'.l' ll OF In miles clevatloo per mile, in feet in teet ------,------,------Clark Fork ...... Colville River...... 45 161 3.35 ColvlUc River ...... •..... Spokane River ...... •...... 60 151 2.61 81l0kane R.lver ...... Nespelem River ...... •...... 60 98 1.(13 Xe.spelem River ...... l\.lethow River...... 59 223 3.77 llcthow River ...... •.. WeontcbooR~ver ...... 66 131, 2.39 Wcnntchoo RJvcr ...... Orab Creek...... 57 us 2.07 Orab Creek ...... Yakima River ...... 77 H5 l.SS rnklmn River ...... Desctiute.s River ...... 1$1 199 1.6l Deschutes U!vcr ...... , . . . To head of tide, near Cas- (n) 60 (n) 131 2.01 cades, Skamania county. Clark Fork ...... 'l'o head of tide...... 1,3;;0 2.23 I DISOHAR('-..E Dl SE<'OND-FEE'l' RUN,OFF Drtllnagc ------1 Ycnrs nr~n lo A,•erag~ A,•erage Drpth In RTV~:R LOCAl.l'l'\' Ob· •quo re Il'llnxlmmu I ycnrly Illlolmum I yearly I I:\Jeon l'>t>r loclies ool ',early served miles day max, day min· Menn square drninnge nverngc In ----·------1------1-- - ' lmnm lmum 1r.ilt> ureu ,wre-fec~ Baker .. • ...... Concrete...... l 270 l!S,000 17,100 IJ3.I f,Gi; 2, 6'.!0 9. 33 1:?6.00 l ,&!0,000 CaHeade ...... llarblemount...... • 8 m SJ.700 Jti,300 212 240 1,210 5.;;$ 75.82 808,000 Cedar ...... Ravens FORESTS. The merchantable forests of Washington arc primarily de pendent for their development upon rainfall, temperature, and depth and character of soil. Of these r ainfall is easily the most important. Where the rainfall is less than 10 inches annually the vegetation is confined almost wholly to desert plants. The1·e is a sparse growth of grasses, but trees are very rare. When the annual rainfall Tangcs from 10 inches to 9l0 inches some species of trees may grow but only portions of the forest can be said to be merchantable. The trees grow well apart and the undergrowth is very light. When the rainfall increases to 30 or 40 inches there is a notable increase in the stand of timber and lumbering becomes a well established occupation. The great bulk of the merchantable timber, however, grows over those portions of the state where the annual rainfall is in excess of 40 inches. The densest forests, where the undergrowth is heaviest and most difficult to penetrate, and where jungle conditions pre vail, are found in those belts of rainfall which exceed 100 inches per year. On the whole there is a very close and marked corre spondence between the board feet per a.ere which a forest will yield nnd the annual rainfall of that locality. Other thi_ng, being equal the forests of the state grow to best advantage where the mean temperature is highest and where there is the least seMonal variation. W e find the heaviest growth of trees near the sea instead of in the interio1·, and in the lowlands rather than on the mountai_n sides or other upland sudaces. It is only on the h.ighest mountains of the state that the minimum temperatures of the year make it impossible for trees to grow. The limit of tree growth in tl1e Olympics, as determined by temperature a.lone, is at an elevation of about 6,000 feet. In the Cnscades the timber line varies from about 5,500 feet near the Canadian line, to about 6,000 feet in the high mountains near Columbia River. It is only on the steepest mountain slopes that the soil, as far as its depth is concerned, fails to suppo1t a forest growth. In general the soil covering is everywhere ample to produce .A. Geographic Dictionary of Wcu,ltington 47 merchantable timber. Over some smull areas, while the depth of the soil is sufficient, it is yet unable to grow a forest, and prairie conditions prevail. The difficulty liere lies in the coarseness of the soil which allows of 1·eady evaporntion and the escape of the rainwater, so that not enough moisture is retained to nourish the trees through the d1·yest season of the year. Forest trees in varying quantities once grew over about two-thirds of the state. Over one-half of Washington, at the time of the first logging operations, was coYered with mer chantable timber. It is estimated that nearly four hundred bil lion board feet now remain uncut, with a value in excess of four hundred billions of dollars. About seven-eighths of the stand ing timber is found west of the summit of the Cascades, and about two-thirds of the remainder occurs on the eastern slopes of those mountains. Washington ranks first in the t1111iual pro duction of lumber, and over 40 per cent. of the public wealth of the state comes directly from the various forest industries. Of the merchantable trees found in the forests of the state Douglas fir is easily of the most value. Alone it comprises mo1·e than half of the standing timber and when cut it is used for a wide variety of purposes. The next species in value is the western red cedar, which is used primarily for the making of shingles, and which comprises today about one-eighth of the standing timber of the state. EMt of the Cascades the western yeI!ow pine is the principal commercial tree, and it makes up about 4 per cent. of the total foi-est now remaining. ~ 00 NATIONAL FORESTS OF WASHINGTON, SEGREGATED BY COUNTIES, JUNE 30, 1916. b:i I:: COUXTTF.S Chelan I Oolum-1 Oolvllle IRaniksu I Okauo-1 Olympic I Rainier I $no- I Wash- IWenuba I We- I •.rota! bfo g11n qualmfe lngton nnl.<'hcc Acre~ ....f;;= ------~,--~-----~.--~------~--~--~------...~- Asotin •...... •...... •...... ••...... : .•.....•.. , ...... 5-l,H3 •...... 51,~18 Chelan ...... 077 ,389 ...... '...... 1.i .~ss 1,101,877 Clallam ...... • ...... • . . . • ...... • ...... • . . . . • ...... 400,S-lS ...... 400.828 ~ Ooh1mbfn . . . . . • ...... • ...... • ...... • . . • • . . . . . • ...... • ...... • • . • ...... • . . . 1$,000 ...... 1"8,003 ,_. Cowlitz ...... • • . . . • • • ...... • . . . . . 20,518 ...... •• ..••• I ...... , ...• 20,518 Ferry . . . . . • . . . • ...... • ...... 46.>,760 ...... l05,i66 v'< OnrHelrl ...... • ...... • • . . • ...... • . . • ...... • .. . . • ...... • ...... • . . . • . . . • ...... 98, nr, ...... 98,rn; 0 rays !Iorbor ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... 1::;s, 394 ...... • . . . . . • ...... • ...... 1J8,39,I .Jefferson . • ...... • ...... • ...... • . • . . . . • • ...... 747,-159 ...... H7,~59 217 ,:;.13 ~... ~~~tas.. :::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::::::·:::::::::: :::::::::: 1~:: .. ~:~. :::::::::: ::::: ::::: .. is;i:ioo· 2&";,39-l ~ l\11ckltnt ...... ••..• ..• ...... • ...... 30,39'2 ...... 00,~2 ~ - J.ewis ...... •• . . • . . . . . •. . . •• . . • . . . • 16,00S • •• • • • • • . • • . • • . . • • • . • ...... • . • . . . . • . . • • 424,42-1 ••••••••••••••.•••.....•...... • Hl,33"2 161 ,9'.l9 .... Mason . . . . . • ...... • . • ...... • ...... l(H ,\JOO ••••.••.•••••••••••••••••••••• . •••• . •• •••••••••••• C 0 2 1,i2"2,63S ~~~g J:::/u~·: :::::::::: :::: ::::: ::::::: ::: ::::::::: : .. ~:~ . ··2s.s:1ili' ~'. '.~'.'.~. :::::::::: ::::::: ::: ::::::: :: : ::: :::: ::: ::: :: ::::: :::::::::: •)38 776 ~ i Ml:<8> rice::tt ·:::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::::::i::: ::::::: :::::::::: .. ~~:~ . :::::::::: ··.in:osi· :::::::::: :::::::::: 4TI,651 745,773 ~~~~~~ l:11 ·::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: .. ~~:~~- :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::: :: : ..~~:~ . ··~ss:201· .. i~in2· ::::::::: : :::::::::: 631.009 ~C Stevens ...... • ...... • ...... • ...... oo,127 ...... 00,127 O'~ !'t.lO 1 ~- ~.:if!tWai,~··::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ::: ::::::: •••••• ~~. :::::::::: :::::::::: ····2:s-is· :::::::::: 2,518 t:::, SS9,99'J ..... fnhk~~~m_::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: ... 88;4i9. :::::::::: ::::::::::1:::::::::: :::::::::: ··500:9s7· :::::::::: .. ~'.~. :::::::::: :::::::::: 505,37~ ~ '.l.'otol Acres ••...... I 6'17,389 I 776,480 I 756,395 I 258,no l.4S'7 ,136 ll,63J,08l 11,316,057 I 095,332 ll,45t,356 I 313,~3.J I GS7 ,OH I O,lt27,G'i1) .... J A Geographic Dicti-01wry of TVashington 49 AMOUNT OF STANDING TIMBER IN THE STATE OF WASH INGTON, BY SPECIES OF TREES.• Species B<,C11·d Peet Douglt\.8 fir ( l'se11twtsuoa taxi/olia) ...... ••.....• 2:!2.630.000,000 Western hemlock ( T811ga lleterophylta).. . •..••...... 52.672.000.000 '\\Testern re(! cednr ('J'lmuci 1,llcat(I) ...... •...... 4~.SH,000,000 AmabUls llr (Ables tmu,bflls) ...... •...... 17.~30,000.000 Western yellow pine ( Pbms vo111/r1·os11)...... 16.940,000,000 Sitka spruce ( Picea sitclum1118) ...... ll.885,000,000 Western lar('h ( Larlx occldcntnlis)...... 1,933,000,000 Lodgepole pine ( l'ln11s ccmtortc,>. . • ...... • • • • ...... 1,800.000,000 Engelmann spruce ( Picea enge/111t.n111i) •.• ..••...... ••. 1,300,000,000 Western white pine , Pllms 111011tlcola) •..• ...... ••...... 1.181.000.000 Noble and Shasta tlr (,Lbfcs nobflfs and Abie8 sha8tensis) ...... 614.000,000 'White and GrrLnd Ill' CA bfes concolor and A l>ies grtrnclis) ...... 386.000,000 AU other species...... ] 1,858,000,000 Total...... • , ...... •....•.•...... 390,282,000,000 • MRtlmnte11 comrllecl by the Weat Coast Lumbenrnm·s Association. Seattle, Wnshln11:ton. ,v ASllINOTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETrN NO. 1 7 PLATE YI An isogonlc chart, Indicating lhe eastern <1e1i.,cU011 oi the magnetic needle in various parts of the. state, at the present Ume (1917). The eastern declination of the needle ls increasing al a. rate or about 5 minutes per annum. The lsogonio chart of Wash ington was prepared l)y the U. $. Coast itnd Geodetic Survey. A Geographic Dictwnary of W asltington 51 SETTLEMENT. By Victor Farrar, Research Assistant in History, University of Washington. The first navigator to approach Old Oregon was possibly Bartholome Fe1·elo, in 1543, and for two hundred a.nd fifty yea.rs thereafter discoverers representing many nations, including Spain, Great Britain, Russia and the United States, made im portant voyages. While they contributed much to the geo graphic knowledge of the day, their immediate value was to proviile their respective nations with claims to the country. The influence of Spain in the northwest began to decline rapidly, and after the Nootka. Sound episode with England, in 179~, Spain withdrew to what is today the northern boundary of Cal ifornia, while Russia, whose possessions were too extensive, sought to limit her c·onfines to the parallel of 54° -.1!0' north lati tude. This left the United States and Great Britain in prac tical possession, but the matter was not legally adjudicated until 1821, when both nations agreed to postpone a final settle ment of the question and concluded what is commonly referred to as the treaty of Joint Occupancy. Citizens of either nation were permitted to enter on equal terrns but neither government extended its laws therein. Fur-trading companies alone exploited the country. J ona tlrn11 Winship, of Boston, endeavol"ed as early as 1803 to gain a foothold on the Columbia, but failed; the P acific F'ur Company established Astoria. in 1811, but lost its holding in the War of 18Hl. Two British corporations, the Northwest Company which nrrivecl in 1807, and the Hudson's Day Company which cruue Inter, through superior organization and govemmental assist ance, proved too powerful for thei1· rivals, and after the merger of the two under the one title of Hudson's Bay Company, in 1821, had little opposition. Posts at Vancouver, Cowlitz, Nis qually, Walla Walla, Okanogan, Colville and Spokane were built where, in addition to a general fur-trade business with the Indians, fish-packing, lumbering, and even agriculture were car ried on to supply the markets of China, Russia and the Sand wich Islands. WASIUNOTON GEOLOGICAL $URVEY BULL~IN NO. 17 PLATl:l Vil Pucento~¢ of 1'oreig,n born ~~~~~ Ortkr Country populot!on population Population 2'6 Spain o., s 0.03 385 2s Australia o.os 577 24 Bu~orio 0.30 0.07 7 23 Monkn~ro 0.30 0.07 77-:3 -zz Turk z1 Hun~ory 0 • .45 0.1 I 11 GO "20 Btz.~ium 0 . .48 0.1, 12?8 1s Wol 1e Ncz.therlcnds o.eA- 0.19 Zl.57 17 Chino o.ee 0.20 '2301 11o Franca. 0.S>I 0.'20 "a3.40 15 5witzczrland 1.30 O.c.'9 3AA7 IA Gnz.~C 13 5cot land zeo 0.63 7101 1z D 11 Flnlcrid 3.40 0.76 8719 10 lr S ---'------'----.7.60 1.70 19430 .4 11.10 2.49 II.AO 255 c.'9388 ,...... _--'------.12.50 c.'.80 3 19.9 ~onodo 15.70 3.50 :3948' Number and percentage of foreign born population, with the coun tries arranged in order, including percentage of total population. Cen· SUS Ot 1910. A Geographic Dictionary of lYashiugton ,5S In the early thirties immigration commenced, and mission aries, leading bands of pioneers, crossed the plains, the forties witnessing rcmarknble expeditions. These settle1·s, despite the treaty of Joint Occupancy, made light of the British preten sions to rights in the country, and, in 18..J.3, proceeded to erect a proYisional government, ostensibly non-partisan, but in reality pro-American, adopted the civil code of Iowa, and carried on most of the functions of a government by authority, much to the e111barrnssment of the British. By 1846 conditions had bc c·ome so serious that both governments were nnxious for a fuHl.1 i;cttlemcnt, and this was accomplished by the acceptance of the prolongation of the 49th parallel from the Rocky :;\fountains to the Pacific as a boundary line. The Uni_ted States came into pQsscssion of the country south of that line. In 18-19 a terri torial government was set up, b1tscd upon a r.ecognition of the provisionial government, and in 1850 suitable land laws were passed. In 18153 the population was suffiC'icnt to permit of a division of Oregon Territory, ancl on )larch 2 Washington Territory was erected, corresponding to its pl'escnt boundal'ies with the addition of all of Idaho and parts of :i\Iontuna and Wyoming. Isaac IngalJs Stevens was appointed first governor and super intendent of lndittn uffail's. His chief work was the removal of the Indians to reservations and toward that end made, in 185..J.- 55, eight h'catics with closely ullied bands. Unfo1·tunatcly, due to delay in ratincation, cc1't1tin disaffected bands in Eastern \I\' ashington took to the wu.r-path, and the uprising was only tenninated after a severe war, in 1855-56. VVashington Terri tory received its present boundaries in 1863 when I daho Terri tory was created. The possessory rights of the Hudson's Bay Company were purchased in the later sixties after long inquiry proceedings. vVashington became a. state on November 11, 1889. The State of \Vashington comprises two distinct regions: Western Washington, with its interests centered chiefly in lum bering, fishing and commerce; and Eastern Washington, whose interests arc very largely agricultural. This sectionalism is W ASEUNGTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 17 PLATE Vlll Pcz.rccz.nto~cz. Piz.rc,z.nt~e of of 5tctcz. Natrve born Renk Entlrcz. Nurnb Number and percentages of native born populatJon, outside or Wash ington, with the states arranged in order, and including the percent age of the entire population. Census of 1910. A Geographic Dictionary of Washington 55 accentuated by the Cascade range of mountains which divides the two regions and serves as a banier to prevent the mild cli mate of the Pacific from being extended far to the eastlvard. Thus the climate of Western Washington is mild the year around, with no excessive heat in summer or severe cold in ,vinter; while Eastern Washington partakes mo1·e of that cli mate one would naturally c..xpect to find in any other region of the United States with.in the same parallels of latitude. These difl'e1·ences a.re reflected in the politics and institutions of the state. The chief industrial interests in Western Washington, from pioneer days, have been lumbering, £shing and commerce; agri culture until recently being relatively unimportant. In fact, none of the larger cities, including Seattle, Tacoma, Everett and Bellingham, owes it~ existence to agricultural enterprise. With the discovery of gold in California and the development of San Francisco, ships with entire lumbering crews came to the Puget Sound region, before there were settlers in considerable numbers, after piles and spars, and soon saw-mills sprang up as if by magic. For many years agricultural supplies had to be shipped in. Fishing, the second industry in imp01·tance, began in 1851 with oystering on Willapa Harbor, the supply being sold to the California trade. For a decade or so thereafter salt-water fishing for salmon, cod, halibut, etc., was local in its nature due to the lack of a market and packing facilities. As early as 1859 Josepl1 Lane McDonald of Gloucester, Mass., began to urge the development of the Pacific fisheries, first th1·ough Sen n.tor Gwin of California (1859), and second, before the W ash ington territorial legislature (1866), which agitations con tributed to the purchase of Alaska. Today W ashfogton prac tically controls the fishing interests of the Northwest. Puget Sound was predicted by explorers to become the chief P acific terminus when settlement should reach those parts. In 1853 the first surveys were made by the United States gove1·runent for il northern railroad, but due to the Civil War and the Panic of 1873 the Northern P acific Raih"'ay did not reach the Sound WASHING'l'ON GEO!.O(llCAL StmVl:lY B Ul,LR'l'IN NO. 17 PLA'l'lll IX Couniy Ror1k il""I 5 i z untiJ 1883. Since then the Great Northern imd Chicago, Mil waukee and St. P aul rnilways have also built termini here. In export commerce Puget Sound, i11 191'1, led both San Francisco tu1d Portland. Agriculture in Western Washington has 1iot been extensive because the availabl,c prairie and bottom lands are limited. In recent years there J1as arisen a movement to de velop tl1e logged-off areas, but little has been accomplished be cause of the high cost of clearing and the speculative va.lucs whicl1 have been attached to these lands. Eastern Washington has become essentially an ag1·icultural region, although in enrly yea.rs it was regarded as a. great desert. 'fhis belief has proved erroneous, for, while there is a great dif ference between the fertile prairies of, say Iowa, where a diver sified crop yield ma.y be obtai11ed, imd the stretches of Ea.stern Washington, nevertheless there is compamtively little land th<'rein which some day will not be made to yield its staple product. It was early observed that the Indians bred and main tained large herds of horses and catt.lc which fed upon the bmH'li grass, and hundreds of settlers engaged with great success in cattle raising, ofttimes driving thcfr herds, before the advent of the niih,·ay, far to tl1e eastwind to mu.1·kct. Then it was found that the npp11rcntly arid bunch-grass country would yield large return., if planted in wheat, and today the Big Bend, Palouse tind vValla Walin sections are famed for this staple. On the other hanrl there is much land which would not he :wa.ilablc for agriculture were it not for irrigation. In 184<1 Charles Wilkes of the United States Explori11g Expedition wrote of successful beginnings in the Walla Walla valley by ~'\Jarcus Whitman, the missionary, and Nathaniel J. W.veth, the fur-trader, commented upon its ncce:ssity. The successful pros ecution of this form of agriculture usual1y calls for co-opera tion, either through private capitalistic enterprise, or govern ment aid, as it is beyond the financial ability of the individ ual farmer. Both agencies have arisen and g1·eat areas have been reclaimed, cspecialJy in Yakima, Kittitas, Chc]an, Okan ogan, W alla Walla and other counties. WASlilNOTON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN No. 17 PLATE X Rank in Population County Population Population p<1.r sq.milll. 5kcmonio 38 1.7 2987 Wahkiakum 37 1?.3 3285 5cn..Juon 36 cO.c 3603 Garficz.ld 35 6.1 41 $9 Island 34 4.4 4704 rcz.rry 33 "2.1 4800 rronklin 3c .4.3 .SI !>3 Mason 31 s..s .S 156 A501"in 30 9 .6 5831 Clallam ?0 3.9 67.S.S Columbia 28 e.c 704'2 B Population ...... •...... ••.. 11,691 23,965 76,116 857,232 1,1s,1oa I 1,rn,roo I 1,534,221 .f"1::1 Rank of Stare...... 40 42 42 84 34 I :io , ...... •... (')i:": Number of people per squRre mne.• ...... ••.. •... •...... ••..•.. 0.1 1.1 G.3 7.8 17.1 2:1 o.• ~ ~· • .EstlmRtes by the Durenu of the Census, Department of Ql (0 CHAPTER II. GAZET TEER.• Abbe y I81nntl, A small Island near the shore, 3 miles south of the mouth of Hoh River, In west central Jefferson County; elevation, 100 feet. (5) Aberd een. This city Is the la1·gest in Grays Harbor County and lies in the i,outhwestern part, on Grays Harbor. It has an area ot about S square miles. It Is se,·ved by the N. P., C. M. & St. P., and 0.-W. rathvays, and by a number of ocean going steamers and sailing vessels. It has a number of Osh canneries, saw and shingle mills, a sheet metal works, a cigar factory, a flour mill and two shi1> building plants. 1t is located In the heart of a heavily timbered ('!!strict and a farming 1·eglon, successful In various kinds of farm ing, dairying ancl fruit growing. The city had 20.3$4 inhabitants on July 1, 1916, according to the U. S. Bureau of the Census. (1) Abe rdeen J~lut11. Flats along the ,vtshkah River. about 7 miles north of Aberdeen. in central Grays Harbo1· County. (54) Abe r,leen Junc tion. A junction on the N. P. Ry., 3 miles east of Aber deen, in southwestern Grays Barbor County; elevation, 10 feet. (54) Aberuuth y P e n k. A peak nea1· tl!le head of Twis1> River, In west central Okanogan County; elevation, about 8,300 feet. (76) Ah e r1111tl1y Polut. A point on the north bank of Columbia River, l mite east of Oak Polnl, In southwestern Cowlitz County. (10) Acme. A town on the N. P. Ry.. 24 miles south of Sumas, In west central Whatcom County; elevation, 311 feet. (1) Ac th·e Co ve. A small cove at the west end oC Patos Island, in north central San Juan County. (6) Acton. A station on the line o! the 0.-W .. R. R. & N. Co., 5 mites north or 13enton City, In central Benton County; elevation, 564 feet. (4) Ado Creek. A southeastern tributarl' of Huckleberry Creek, northeast of Mount Rainier, ln east central Pierce County. (69) A1l1111u•. A station on the N. P. Ry., 7 miles norU1east of Attalla, In west central Walla Walla County; elevation, 629 feet. (4) A.,Jaun" Co,.rnt)·. This county Is located in east central Washington, southwest of Spokane. It has an area of 1,912 square miles. Broad valleys and rolling uplands characterize the topography. The tem pe1·ature va1·les from 30° F. to 80° F., and the mean annual tempera ture is about 52° F. The annual rainfall averages about 10.6 Inches. The U. $. Bureau of the Census estimated the population of the county to be 14,743 on July 1, 1916. General agriculture and wheat raising are the principal ind us tries. The pl"inciJ)al towns are Ritz ville, the county seat: Lind, Othello, ,vashtucna, Hatton, and Cun ningham. Adorn" G lncle r. A glacier on the northwestern a lope of Mount Adams. In southwestern Yakima County. (37) Adoi u s. Mount. The second highest mountain peak In Washington, lo cated In southwestern Yakima County: elevation, 12,307 teet. (1) A,lumM P o int. A point on the east sho,·e of Lake Chelan, 1 mile from Its upper encl, in north central Chelan County. (76) Adco. A junction on the N. P. tty., 1 mile north of Acl1·lan, in central Grant County: elevation. 1.256 feet. • The figures in parentheses ref,er to the reference maps listed al the end of this chapter; upon each map as Indicated the particular geographical feature described may be found. A Geographic Dictionary of JV a.;hington 61 Addy. A town on the G. N. Ry., 14 miles south or Colville, In central Stevens County; elevation, 1,633 feet. Cl) Adelnlde. A post ofllce a.bout 7 miles northwest of Aubui·n, In south western King County. (1) A1lelnlt1e. A slcllng on the N. P . .Ry. (North Bend Bl'anch), 2 mlles south of Redmond, in northwestern King County; elevation, 42 feet. (4) Adelnltle Lt1ke. A lake on a small western tributar)• of North Fork ot w ·hlle River, about 10 miles north of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce County: elevation. 4',684 feet. (69) Adklu,c. A station on the N. P. Ry.. 16 miles northeast of Attalla, In west central ·walla ,Valla County: elevation, 1,011 feet. (4) Adntlrnlty Duy. A ba~· on the west shore of V.'hldbey Island. opposite Port Townsend. ln west central lsland County. (5) Admlrnlt)· Rend. A headland west or Admiralty Bay, on the west coast of Whldbey Island, opposite Port Townsend, In west central Island County. (5) Admiralty Inlet. A channel between the southern portion of Whidbey Island and the mainland on the west, near Port Townsend. Cl) Aduu. A town on the N. l'. Ry., 6 miles west of Chehalis, in west cen tral Lewis County: elevation. 196 feet. (1) Adrlnu. A town on the G. N. R1•. and the N. P. Ry. (Connell Brancl1). 10 miles northeast ot Ephrata, In central Grant County; elevation, l.206 feet. Cl) Aeneu,c. A post office about 20 miles southwest or Republic, In east cen tral Okanogan County. (1) Aenen,c Creek. A small tributary or Okanogan River trom the west, southwest of Tonasket. in central Okanogan County. (48) Aenen,c Crerk. The principal western headwatel' of West Fork of San poll River, In east central Okanogan County. (l) Aeoen,i Luke. A small lake 3 miles west of Tonasket, in central Okan ogan County; elevation, 1,362 feet. (48) Aenen" '1ountntn. A mountain rlclge east of Slnlahekln Creek and south ot Loomis, in north central Okanogan County. (48) Aeuen,c Vnlley. A valley several miles long. extending from the head of "\\'est Fork or Santloll River to Bonaparte Creek, ln east central Okanogan County. (62) Agntf' Buy. A station on the N. P. Ry., 9 miles southeast or Bellingham. In ::iouthwestern Whatcom County; elevation, 326 feet. Agnte r,.,.,., The channel between the north enrl of Bainbridge Island and the mainlantl on the west. In northern Kitsap County. (5) Agnte Point. A point al the northern end ot Bainbridge J!lland, In northeastern Kitsap County. (26) A,c1uH Creek. The prlnclJlal western tributary or Stehekln River, In lhe north end of Chelan County. ( 70) AgueN Creek, South l~ork. A small trlbutnry ot Agnes Creek. In the north end o! Chelan County. (70) Agn;-H Creek. \Ve.. t Fork. A small tributary or Agnes Creek, In the north end ot Chelan County. (76) Able Point. A point on the north bA.nk of Columbia River. 1 mile above Kalama, In soulh central Cowlitz County. (11) Alnocworth. A junction on the S. P. I& S. Ry., 2 miles R011lhea1 Alx, lUount. A peak a.bout 5 miles southeast of Bumping Lake, In west central Yakima County; elevation, 7,805 feet. (38) AJlune. A post office on the south side of Cowlitz River, a.bout 11 miles southwest of Morton, In centr.al Lewis County. (2) Akron. A station on the N. P. Ry., 3¥.i miles west of Lind, In central Adams County; elevation, 1,422 feet. (96} Alndclln. A post office a.bout 20 miles northeast of Colville, In north eastern Stevens County. (1) Altu1uHln. A post office on Coh1mbla Rh1er, In the northeacstern corner of Douglas County. Cl) Albion. A town on lhe line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 18 miles south east of Colfax, In east central \Vhitma.n County; elevation, 2,250 feet. (1) Alden Bunk. A bank about the middle of Georgia Strait, northeast or Sucla Island, In west central Whatcom County. (6) Alden Point. A point at the west end of Patos Island, In north central San Juan County. (6) .Alder. A town on the Tacoma Eastern Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 41 mlles southeast of Tacoma, In south central Pierce County; eleva tion, 1,147 feet. (1) Alder Creek. A tributary from the east, emptying near the mouth of Chiwawa Creek, In central Chelan County. (47) Alder Creek. A small tributary of Columbia. River, near Alderdale, in eastern Klickitat County. (1) Alde r Creek. A. small western tributary of Methow River, south of Twisp, In west central Okanogan County. (66) Alder Creek, An upper headwater of Nasel River, In south central Pa cific County. (27) Alder Creek. A small northern tributary of Nisqually River, at Alder, In south central Ple1·ce County. (25) Ahler Creek. A small northern tributary of Skagtt River, at Hamilton, In north central Skagit County. (40} Alder Creek. An eastern tribu tary of Columbia. River, at Fruitland, In southwestern Stevens County. (4) Alderdute. A station on the $. P. & S. Ry., In southeaste1·n Kllckltat County; elevation, 249 feet. (1) Alder Ridge. A low ridge about 10 miles long, north of Columbia River and east of Roosevelt, In southeastern Klickitat County. (48) Altlertou. A town on the N. P. Ry., 12 miles southeast ot Tacoma, In central Pierce County; elevation, 89 :Ceet. (4) Aleck Dny. An emba.yment on the south sho1·e of Lopez Island, 2 miles east of Iceberg Point, In southeastern San Juan County. (6) Ale.u,uder b land. A rock island 1 mile off shore and 6 miles north of the mouth of Hoh River, in west central Jetl:erson County; eleva tion, 121 feet. (5) Ailn1tn. A station on the N. P. Ry., 4 miles southeast of Toppenish, In southeastern Yakima. County; elevation, 728 feet. O.) Alger. A station on the G. N. Ry., 17 miles north of Mount Vernon, In northwestern Skagit County; elevation, 270 feeL (4) Algle r 11 Duy. A small bay on the southwest shore of Camano Island, In central Island County. (58) Algonn. A town on lhe C. M. & St. P. and Puget Sound E lectric rail ways, Z miles south of Auburn, in southwestern King County. (1) A Geographic Dictionary of W abhington 6S AlJce Creek. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 11 miles east of Cedar Falls, in east central King County. (H) Allee Creek. A southern tributary ot South Fork ot Snoqualmie River, at Alice Creek Station, In east central King County. (44) ~Uce Falls. Falls In lower Spukwush Creek, about 1¥., miles north of the lower end ot Carbon Glacier, In east central Pierce County. (69) A1knll Co.oyon. A short canyon on the west side ot Columbia River, In the northeastern corner of Yakima. County. (65) AlknU Flnt Creek. A small Intermittent tributary of Snake River, trom the northeast, at Rlparia., In southwestern Whitman County. (1) Alkoll Lnke. A lake l mile long, near the east shore ot Lake Chelan at Its southern end, In east central Chelan County. (46) AlkoU Loke. A lake about S miles long, at the southern end of Grand Coulee, 11 miles north of Ephrata, In Grant County. (1) Alld Cre11t. A ridge north of the head of Tolmie Creek, northwest of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce County. (69) Alkl Polnt. A point on the east shore of Puget Sound, 2 miles south of Elllott Bay, In northwestern King County. (5) Alkire, A village at the junction of West Fork and Sanpoll rivers, Jn west central Ferry County; elevation, 1,968 feet. (4) Allnn bln111J, An Island about 1 mile tong, west of Fida.Igo Island, In west central Skagit County; maximum elevation, 260 feet. (6) AllnrcJ. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry. (Hanford Branch), In north western Benton County; elevation, 465 feet. (50) Allen, Lnke. A lake on Mount Wow, southwest of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County; elevation. 4,596 feet. (69) Allyn. A post omce near the head of Case Inlet, In east central ¥a.son County. (1) Almlrn. A town on the N. P. Ry. (Washington Central Branch), 13 miles west of Wilbur, in northwestern Lincoln County; elevation, 1,917 feet. (1) Almota. A town on the line of the 0.-W. R.R. & N. Co., 36 miles north west of Lewiston, in south central Whitman County; elevation, 64.6 feet. (1) Almoto Creek. An eastern tributary of Snake River, at Almota, ln south central Whitman County. (1) A.locbnmun River. A. tributary of Columbia. River, trom the northeast, north of Cathlamet, In ea.stern Wahkiakum County. (1) Aloha. A station on the N. P. Ry., 24 miles northwest ot Hoquiam, In west central Grays Harbor County; elevation, 68 feet. ( 4) Alphn. A post office about 18 miles southeast of Chehalis, In central Lewis County; elevation, 822 feet. (1) A lpine. A station on the G. N. Ry., 9 miles east of Skykomish, In north eastern King County; elevation, 1,164 feet. (4) A l1>own. A village about 17 miles southeast of Pomeroy, In east central Garfield County. (4) Alpown. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 9 miles west of Lewiston, In southeastern Whitman County; elevation, 722 feet. (4) Alpowa Creek. A sll·eam draining the northeastern Blue Mountains and entering Snake River at Silcott, about 8 miles below Clarkston, ln northern Asotin County. (1) 64 Bulletin No. 17, lJ' ashington Geological Survey Al11own n1111lcl,.. Rapids In Snake River, 10 mlles below Clarkston, In Asotin and "\'Vhitman countles. (36) Atstown. A station on the G. N. Ry.. In south central Douglas County. 31 miles from Columbia River Station; elevation, 2,138 Ceet. (4) Altn Lnke. A lake 1 mile long. 21/.i miles !loathwest ot Pateros, In southwestern Okanogan Counly; elevation. 1,175 feeL (61) Altn ·u o untnln. A mountain east of Gold Creek and north of Keechelus Lake. in northwestern Kittitas County: elevation, 6,265 Ceet. (74) Attn Vhcto. A post office south of Cowlitz River, about 8 miles south west of Morton, In central Lewis County. (2) Attn VIHtn. A high point In Paradise Park. on the i,outheast slope of Mount Rainier, In southeastern r1erce County. (60) Alto. A station on the line oC the 0.- W. R. R. & N. Co., 11 miles south oC Starbuck. in northwestern Columbia County; elevation. 1,906 feet. (1) Altoonn. A town on Colu mbia River. about 6 miles west of Brookfield, in l ADder>1on Creek. A tributat·y of Baker River, from the east, about 5 miles south of Baker Lake, In south central Whatcom Countr. (40) Aoder>1011 INiand. All Island in l'uget Sound, west of Tacoma, In north western Pierce County. (l) AutlerNon Rnnge. A ridge between the headwater~ ot Elwha and Quin ault rivers, In cenhal Jefferson County. (19) Andrew" Dny. A bay on the west side of Lake -washlngton, between Bailey Peulnsula and the mainland. In northwestern King County. AudrewN Duy. An embayment on the west shore of San Juan Island, west oC Friday Harbor, In west central San Juan County. (G) Anoly Creek. A small norUtern trlbutat·y of !owe,· Indian Creek, west of .Russell Ranch. In west central Yakima County. (38) Angele><, Mount. A mountain at the head or Ennis Creek, 8 miles south of Port Angeles, in Clallam County; elevation, 6,600 feet. (19) ,u,gle Lake. A lake about 1 mile long, 2¥J miles southwest of Orlllla, In west central King County. (SO) Anglin. A post office on Bonaparte Creek, about 9 miles southeast of Tonasket, in central Okanogan County; elevation, 2,110 feet. (l) Ankeny. A station on the S. P. & S. R~· .• 10 miles north of Hoo1>er, in southeastern Adams County. Auno;c Buy . A bay on the south side ot Hood Canal, at the mouth of Skokomlsl} River, In central Mason County. (5) Annum, Lnke. A lake about 2 miles long. 10 miles south.east oC Nes pelem. In southeastern Okanogan County. (1) A nHon. A station on the C. M. & St. .P . .Hy., about 6 miles west of Othello, in southwestern Adams County; elevation, 92g feet. (4) Antoine Creek. A tributary o! Okanogan River from the northeast, north o! Tonasket, In north central Okanogan County. (1) Antoine Vnlley. A valley along lower Antoine Creek, near Tonasket, In north cenfral Okanogan County. (62) Antw,,,e. A post office about 8 mlles northeast of Tona11kel, In central Okanogan County. (4) Anvil Roek. A rocky point In upper Paraclitie Glacier, on the southeast slope of Mount Rainier, in southeastern Pierce County; elevation, 9,584 feet. (69) A1•1•let1nle. A station on the 0. N. Ry., in Moses Coulee, 10 miles Crom Columbia River Station, in southern Douglas County; elevation, 883 teet. (4) Av1>leton. A post office about 10 miles north of Lyle, in west central Klickitat County. (1) A1•11le Tree Cove. A cove or bay at Kingston, In northeastern Kitsap County. (5) AP11l e Tree Point. A point on the west shore ot. Pugel Sound, uorth of Kingston, In northeastern Kitsap County. (5) A1·11rnt, lUount. A mountain west or Indian Henrys Hunting Grouncl. southwest of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County; eleva tion, 5,996 feet. (69) Ar cndln. A post office on Totten Inlet, about 10 miles east ot Shelton, in southeastern Mason Count:,,. (1) Arch-n-wut. An Indian village on the coast, 2 miles sot1th of Cape Flat tery, In northwestern Clallam Count)'. (6) -3 66 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey A rcher ;\Jountnlu. A mountain 2 miles norlhwest o.f Edgewater, in southwestern Skamania Count y; elevation, 2,012 feet. (53) Arch Islnnd, A small island near the sho1·e at lhe moulh of Raft River, In northwestern Grays Harbor County. (5) Arch Rock. A peak near the s u mmit of the Cascade,;, 6 miles south o! Naches Pass, in northeaster-n :Piei·ce County; eleva,Uon, 5,943 feet. (74) A r ctic. A village on North River, 10 miles soulheast o.f Cosmopolis, in south central G rays Harbor County; elevation, 104 feet. (4) Arden. A station on the G. N. Ry., 6 miles south of Colville, i n cenlral Stevens County; elevation, 1592 feet. (1) Ari el, A post office on North Fork of Lewis River, 16 miles northeast of Woodland, iu soulheastern Cow li tz County; elevation, 90 Ceet. Cl) Arh,cJue C reek. A small lrlbutary of Vance Creek, neat· Mohrwels, in west central Mason County. (19) Arknnsns Creek. A tributary of Cow litz River from the west, opposite Castle Rock, in western Cowlit z County. (27) Arleten. A post office on the east sh.ore of Cat·I' J nlet, in northwestern P ierce County. (4) Arline. A station on the N. P . Ry., 23 miles sou lheast of Tacoma, in north central P ierce Counly. Arlington. A town In the north western pa.rt of Snohomish County, on Stillaguamish River, with an a ltitude of 103 feet. 1t is on the N. P. Ry. In the town are a number of machine shops, creameries, and a cheese factory. There are many saw and shingle mills In the vicinity. The town had 1,476 inhabitants in 1910. Arm strong. A station on the line of the 0 .-W. R. R. & N. Co. . 16 miles southeast of Colfax, in east ce-ntral Whitman County; elevation, 2,274 feet. (4) A rnu•tron,:, Duy. A small bay, part of Norlh Bay, near the not·th en trance to Grays Ha1·bor, In southwestern Grayl! Harbor County. (60) Armstrong, Luke. A small lake 2 'I., 111 iles nor theast of E ldon, in north central Mason County. (19) A.rm1 AHhton Cre~l<. A small tributary of lower Squire Creek, near Darring ton, In north central Snohomish County. (77) A,mtln. The county seat of Asotin County, locatecl In the northeastern part. on Snake River, 8 miles above Clarkston. lt has an altltucle of 760 feet. Snake River affords the only uatural transportation racility. The farms, 01·chards and vineyards tributary are well known for their productiveness. There ls an electric plant, and a Hour mill with a capacity of l 00 barrels per day. The population in 1910 was 820. (1) A 1 A ,·ou, A town on the G. N. Ry., 3 miles west of Burlington, in west central Skagit County; e levation, 21 feet. (4) A y er, A station on the line of the 0.-,:v. R. R. & N. Co., In the north eastern corner of Walla ·walla County; elevation, 498 feet. Cl) Ayer JoucUon. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 53 miles northeast of Wallula, ln northeastern ·walla Walla County; elevation, 481 feet. (2) Ayock Point. A point on the w est side of Hood Canal, south of the mouth of Hamma Hamma River, in north central Mason County. (5) Ayrell Point. A point on the nor th side of Hood Canal, opposite Union, in central Mason County. (6) Dnhb, A stat ion on the N. P. Ry., 5 miles southwest of Cheney, in southwestern Spokane County. (96) Babcock. A station on the N. P. Ry., 2 miles northeast of Eureka, in north central Walla Walla County; elevation, 1,082 feet. (4) Babcock RJclge. A north and south ridge 6 miles long, 2 miles east of the Columbia, southwest of Quincy, in west central Grant County. (68) Bnchelor h lnntl. A large Island between Lake River and Columbia R iver, opposite Rldgeileld, in western Clarke County. (27) Duckboue Lnke. A small lake 1 mile west of the mouth of Ohanapecosh River, in northeastern Lewis County: elevation, 2,230 feet. (S8) llncon. A station on the N, P. Ry., 8 miles south of Coulee City, in northern Grant County; elevation, 1,536 feet. (1) Bacon Creek, A tributary of Skagit River, from the northwest, 6 miles above Marblemount, ln north central Skagit County. (1) Dncon Creek. A small weste1·n tributary of Klickitat Rive1·, southeast of Mount Adams, in southwestern Yakima Count)·. (37) Dndger. A town in the central part of Benton County, on the N. P. Ry.; elevation, 692 feeL (63) Bu,Jger Canyon. A canyon 4 miles long, about 9 miles southeast of Kiona, Benton County. (63) B1Hlge r Luke. A lake 2% miles long, 4 miles east of Amber, in south western Spokane County. ( 4) Dnclge r Mouutulu. A local hill or riclge in Benton County, 10 miles west of Kennewick; a triangulation point; elevation, 1,580 feet. (63) Doelge r )Lon.utnln, A SJ)Qr of the Cascades, extending .from northwest Lo southeast, In southwestern Douglas County; maximum elevation, about 4,300 feet. (46) Dn1dey Cre ek. A stream entering the Strait of J uan de Fuca, 4 miles east of .Po1·t Angeles, in north central Clallam County. (19) Uugley Creek, One of the headwaters of North Fork of Nooksak River, near Austin Pass, in north central Whatcom County. (40) Dagle y J uucttou. A junction on the C. M. & SL P. Ry., 4 miles west of Cedar Falls, In central King County; elevation, 820 feet. Dntlcy. A post office 25 miles southwest of Ephrata, In southwestern Grant County. (1) Dolley P e nln1mln. A t>eninsula nearly one mile long, on the west side of Lake ,vashlngton, opposite Mercer Island, In northwestern K ing County. (73) Bnlnbrldge loilnnd. An Island in Puget Sound, about 11 miles long by 4 miles wlcle, In east cen trnl Kitsap County. (1) A Geogrc,phic Dictionary of lV ashington 69 Bolrd, A post office In east central Douglas County, 9 miles west of Coulee City. (1) Bnker. A station on the N. P. Ry., 6 miles west of Cle Elum, In west central Kittitas County; elevation, 1,988 feet. (96) Bnker Bny . An embayment on lhe north bank of Columbia River, east of Cape Disappointment, In southwestern Paclftc County. (27) Boker Loke. A lake 2 miles long, on Baker River. southeast of Mount Baker, In central Whatcom County; elevation (hatchery), 670 feet. (1) Boker, lUount. A large snow-capped peak Jn central ,vhatcom County; elevation. 10,750 feet. (1) Bnker Point. A point of Goat Island ?,fountain. south of the lower end of Emmons Glacier, northeast of Mount Rainier: elevation, 6,615 feet. (69) Boker Rh•er. A river draining the eastern slopes of Mount Baker and entering Skagit River at Concrete, In north central Skagit County. (1) Dnkb. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 26 miles south east of Montesano, in southeastern Grays Harbor County. Rnlcb Lnke. A small lake about 2 miles southeast of Steilacoom, Jn west central Pierce County. (25) Dolc h PnHHn,ce. A channel between McNeil and Anclerson Jslands. In west central Pierce County. (8) Dnld Bluff. A blun: on the west shore of Blakely Island, north or Thatcher post office. In ensl central San Juan County. (G) Dold Hut1e . A butte 21h miles eaat of Johnson. In southeastern Whit man County: elevallon, 3,452 feet. (67) llnlder. Station on the S. & I. lll. Ry., about 5 miles south of Rosalia, In north central Whitman County; elevation, 2,312 feet. (~) Dnltl Dill toke. A small lake about 14 miles southeast of Yelm, In southeastern Thurston County. (4) Bnltl Knot,. A low mountain 5 miles northwest of Brewster, In south western Okanogan Count)·; elevation, 3,472 feet. (61) Dnl,l :Uouotnln. A mountain 12 miles souU1e1tst of Republic, In central Ferry County; elevation. 6,946 feet. (71) Dnltl !Uo11ntnln. A peak at the head of Wenas Creek, In southwestern Kittitas County; elevation, 5.906 !eet. (61) Dnltl lllountnln. A mountain about 8 miles east or McM:urray, in south western Skai;l'lt County; elevation, 2.690 feet. (58) Dold :'llonntuln. A mountain 3 miles north or Lake Cavanaugh. In south western Skagit County; elevation, 2,482 feet. (58) Dnltl Mountuln. A mountain on the north shore of Columbia River. 2 miles northwest of Cook, In south central Skamania County: eleva tion, 2.989 Ceet. {53) Bald JUountnln. A mountain 2¥., miles northeast of Silverton, In north central Snohomish County; elevatlon, 4,773 feet. {77) Bnltl !llonn1nlu. A mountain rldge about 5 miles south of Gold B~ln, In central Snohomish County. (77) llnltl MountnJn, A Jnountain about 5 miles east of Laurler, In north western Stevens County; elevation, 4,300 feet. {16) Bnltl Mountnln. A mountain northwest of Glacier, near the Interna tional line. Jn north central Whatcom County; elevation, about 6,200 reet. {.f-0) 70 Bulletin No. 17, ll'as hington Geological Surney Bold Rock. A peak between Nickel Creek and Ohanapecosh River, southeast of Mount Rainier, in southeastern Pierce County; eleva tion, 6,Hl feet. (69) B nhl)•, Mount. A mountain 4 miles east or Qulnaull post office, in north central Grays Harbor County; elevation, 4,000 feet. (19) Doldy Jllountnlu. A peak In the Chelan Mountains. about H miles north west of the mouth ot Lake Chelan; elevation, 6,432 feet. (46) Dttldy Jllountoln. A mountain 6 miles east or Concrete, in north cen tral Skagit County. (40) Bnltour. A station on the B. & N . .Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 9 miles southeast o! Sumas, in north. central ,Vnatcom County; elevation, 479 feel Bnllow. A post omce on the southeast shore of Hartstine Island, in southeastern Mason County. (2) Onndern, A station on the C. M. & SL P. Ry., 14 miles east of Cedar Falls, in east central King County; elevation, 2,123 feet. (4) Bnn~or. A post ofl1ce on the east shore of Rood Canal, in northwe8tern Kitsap County. (1) DnnkHon. A station on the S. & I. E. Ry., 7 miles south or Thornton, in north central Whitman County; elevation, 2,481 feet. (4) Bnrberton. A station on the N. P. Ry., 6 miles northeast of Vancouver Junction, in southwestern Clarke County; elevation, 275 feet. (64) Dnrclny Cr eek. A tributary or Sou th Fork of Skykomish River, from the norlheasl, near Baring, In southeastern Snohomish County. (72) Dnre ll!llnnd. A small island east of Skipja<:k ~~nd north of ·waldron Island, In north central San Junn County. (6) Dnrlu~. A town on the G. N. Ry., 7 miles northwest of Skykomish, In northeastern King County: el-evatlon, 769 feet. (1) Dnrlni:- illnun1nln. A mountain 3 miles nor·theast of Baring, near the county line, in southeastern Snohomish County: elevation, 6,125 feet. (Index Mou ntain on the Skykomish Quadrangle.) (72) Dnrker. A station on the G. N. Ry., 18 miles north of Okanogan, In cen tral Okanogan Countl': elevation, 875 feet. Dnrlow Bny . A small bay on the southeast shore of Mackaye Harbor. In soull, central San Juan County. (G) Bnrlow P,,,.,,.. A station on the N. P. Hy., 37 miles east of Hartford, In east central Snohomish County; elevation, 2,349 feet. (52) Barlow Pol.n t. A point on t11e north shore o! Columbia River, about 6 miles above Stella, in southwestern Cowlitz County. (11) D11rne1<. A station on the S. & 1. E . Ry., 3 miles south of. Thornton, in north central "\Nhitman County; elevation, 2.311 feet. Dnrne8 Creek. The principal tributary entering Lake Crescent from the east, in north central Clallam County. (19) Bnrue8 hlnud. An Island In Washington Sound, 1¥., miles northeast of Orcas Island, In northeastern San Juan County. (G) Borue.. ton, A town on the N. P. antl C. M. & St. P. railways, JO mileio north or Palmer Junction. In central King County; elevation, 882 feet. (N. P. Ry. Station.) (4) Dnrometer ::uou.nullt,, A mounlai.n about S miles northeast or Mount Baker, northwest of Austin Pass, in central Whatcom County. (40) Borre! S1lrlng.i. Springs on the west margin of Sec. 18, T. 12 N., R. 24 E., Benton County, on road from Yakima to White Blul'Cs. (65) A Geographic Dictionary of TV a1ihi11gton 71 Dnrren blond. A small Island between lhe northern points of San Juan and Henry Islands. In west central San Juan County: (6) Barrett L ake. A narrow lake on Tenmlle CTeck, 1 mile ea-al of Fern• dale, in west central Whatcom Count~•. (42) Dnrrler Peak. A peak at the south end of Governors Ridge, about 9 miles east of Mount Rainier; elevation, G,504 feet. (69) Durrou. A mining camp at the head of Stale C1·eek, near the c,~scade summit, In southeastern ,Vhatcom County; elevation, 5,363 feet. (4) 13nrry. A post office 261/., miles north or Almh·a, on Columbia River, In the northeastern corner of Douglas County. (1) Dnrs tow. A station on the G. N. Ry., 10 miles north oC ~Carcus, In no,·th· eastern Ferry County; elevation, 1,398 feet. (4) Dnr trum. A station on the P. C. R. R., l mile south of Newcastle, In west central King County: elevation, 322 feet. Dn;inJtlc Fnn... Falls on a small brook east of the lower end of Cowlitz Glacier, southeast of Mount Rainie.-, In southeastern Pierce County. (69) Tln11nlt Poin t. A point about 2 'h miles north of Port Ludlow, In north· eastern Jefferson County. (5) Dn81 B enr Cr eek. A post office 10 miles north of Winesap, Ln east central Chelan County. (2) De ar Creek. A small stream entering Lake Chelan from the west, about H miles from the head of the lake. (76) B enr Creek. A tributary ot Soleduck River, from the north. 3 miles east of Beaver. in western Clallam County. (19) De11r Cree k. A tributary of Wishkah River, from lhe east, 2 miles north ot Aberdeen, In south central Grays Harbor County. (54) Dear Creek. A small eastern tributary of Cottage Lake Creek, near White, In northwestern King County. (73) D enr Creek. A small northern headwater of upper Cedar River, in east central King County. (44) B ea .. Oreek. A southern tributary of Green River, 1 mile west o! Lemolo, in south central King County. (H) B e ar Creek. A tributary of upper Naches River, from the north, in southwestern Kittitas County. (74) B eor Creek. A small eastern tributary of Methow River, south of Win throp. hi west central Okanogan County. (66) n e nr Creek. A small western tributary ot Baker River, near Concrete, In north cent ral Skagit County. (40) Bear Creek. A northeastern tributary of lower Wind River, 3 miles north of Caraon, In south central Skmanla County. (15) Dem· C-rE>e k. A tributary of North Fork of Skykomish River, from the southeast, near Galena, In sou th eastern Snohomish County. (72) DeaT Cr ee k. A small stream in southwestern Snohomish County, flow Ing south. and entering Sammamish River at Woodinville. (73) De n.- Creek. A small tributary of Little Spokane River, near Chattaroy, In north central Spokane County. (75) Deo.- Creek. A southern tributary of Pend Oreille Creek, east of Arden, In east central Stevens County. (29) Deur Cre ek. A western tributary of lower South Fork oe Tieton River, south of Russell Ranch, In west central Yakima County. (38) D enr Creek. A western tributary of South Fork of T ieton River, head Ing on Bear Creek Mountain, in west central Yakima County. Bear Creek .l\[om:itnln. A mountain 2 miles northeast of Tieton Peak., In ·west central Yakima County; elevation, 7,336 feet. (3S) De11r Gnp. A pass on the Cascade summit, at the hea.dwate1·s or Morse and Silver creeks, on the Pierce-Yakima county line; e levation, 6,882 feet. (38) B enr Loke. A small lake at the heacl or Taylor Creek, north of Sno qualmie Pass, in northeastern King County; e levation, 3,670 feet. (72) D e ar '.)fountuln. A mountain east of Bear Creek. southeast of Galena, In southeastern Snohomish County: elevation, 6,482 feet. (i2) B enrheud lUountnln. A ridge north of upper Chenuis River, nortl1west of Mount Rainle1·, ln east central Pierce County; elevation, 6,080 feet. ( 44) Benr Park. A park between the north end of Sou,·dough Mountains and White River, northeast of Mount Rainier, In east central P ierce County. (69) Benr11u w Butte. A mountain on the Cascade divide, south o! Stampede Tunnel; elevation, 4,835 feet. (74) A Geographic Dictionary of W asl,ington 73 Benr Prolrle. A prairie or marsh al the head or Skate Creek, about 4 miles south of Longmire Springs, In northeastern Lewis County. (20) Bear Prairie. A prairie about G miles north of Mount Plea!mnt Station, ln soulhwestern Skamania County. (53) Bear RJvn. A river entering the south end ot Wlllapa Bay, from the southeast, In southwestern Pacific County. (27) Denr11 Dreo11t Moontnh:i. A peak near the Cascade summit, on the head waters of Middle Fot·k ot Cle Elum River, In northwestern Klttlta,; County; elevation, about 7,400 feet. (72) Bennice. A station on the N. P. Ry., 5 miles northeast of Cunningham, in south central Aclams County; elevation, 1,401 feet. IJeoux Art11. A post office on the east shore of Lake Washington, 211.i miles south of Bellevue, in west central King County. (2) Denver. A poat office on the Solecluck River, 20 miles south ot Clallam Bay, in western Clallam County. {19) Deu,·e:r Creek. An eastern tributary of Wenatchee River, 1 ¥., miles be low lhe moulh of Chlwawa Creek, In central Chelan County. (92) Denver Creek, A tributary of Soleduck River, from the north. at Beaver, in western Clallam County; outlet of Beaver Lake. (19) Denve r Creek. A western tributary ot Rock Island Creek, In southwest ern Douglas County. (1) Den,,er Creek. A small tributary of upper Newaukum River, from the east, northeast of Alpha, In central Lewis County. (46) Den,,er Creek, An eastern tributary ot Methow River, south of T wisp, In west central Okanogan County. (66) Ben,-er Creek, A tributary or Torocla Creek, from lhe west, In north· eastern Okanogan County. (1) Be,"·er Creek. A headwater ot Mash.el Creek, about 6 miles north ot Elbe, in south cenlral Pierce County, (25) Denve r Creek. A northern tributary of Little Spokane River, In south western Pend Orellle and north central Spokane counties. (1) Denver Creek. An eastern tributary of Black River. at Little Rock, In southwestern Thurston County. (45) Dea,,er Creek. A tributary of Skagit River, from the northwest, In east central Whatcom County. (1) Beaver Luke, A lake 1 mile long and % mile wide, 3 miles northeast of Beaver post office, in western Clallam County. (19) Bea,·er Loke. A lake 1 mile long, 5 miles northeast or Issaquah, in cen t1·al King County. (4) Ue,"rer Lake. A small lake 3 miles east of Monohan, In west central King County. (73) Denver Luke, A small lake south of Clear Lake, In west central Skagit County. (25) ne,.. ·er Lnke... A chain o! small lakes on Beaver Creek, In northeastern Okanogan County. (71) Beckle-r l\lver. A trlbutar~· of South Fork ot Skykomlsl, River, from the north, at Skykomish, In norU1eastern King County. (l) Beilnl, A post office near the junction of North and South forks of Sauk River, In east central Snohomish County; elevation, 1,24.1 feet. (For merly Orient.) (1) H Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geolog;cal Su,rvey Bedford. A station on the P. S. and W. H. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 16 miles southeast ot Raymond. In east central Pacific County; eleva tion, 542 teet. Bee. A post otllce on the south shore oC McNeil Island, west of Slella coom, In northwestern Pierce County. (4) Bee he. A post oflice 4 miles northeast of Chelan Falls, on Columbia River, In northwei.tern Douglai; County. Cl) Bee,te Lnke. A small lake 3 miles southwest of Auburn. 1n southwest ern King County. (80) Beef Hnrbor. A small bay on the east shore of Hood Canal, nor·th of Sea.beck, In west central Kitsap County. (5) Ueehh•e MountoJn. A rounded mountain on the headwaters ot Sauill chuck Creek, 71'2 miles southwest ot 'Wenatchee; elevation, 4,576 feet. (84) Beekman. A town on the N. P. Ry. (Roslyn Branch), 6 miles northwest ot Cle E lum, in west central Kittitas County; elevation, 2,375 feet. DelaJr. A station on the S. & I. E. RY.. 14 miles south ot Spokane, In central Spokane County: elevation, 2,527 feet. Uele h ;;r llountaln. A mountaJn ridge about 10 miles northeatit o! Re public, in nortn central Ferry County. (71) OelfnlT. A post oftlce 2 miles north of the head of Hood Canal, In north eastern Mason County. (2) DelfnMt. A station on the G. N. Ry., 11 miles north of Mount Vernon, In west central Skagit County. (4) Belllcn Penk. A peak northeast ot Ashford, in southeastern Pierce County: elevation, 5,473 feet. ( 20) Beu. A station on the line ol the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co.. 23 miles south east o! Spokane, In east central Spokane County; elevation, 2,527 reet. (2) Bell J>olnt. A point on the northwest shore of San J uan Island, 2 m1les south of Roche Harbor, in west central San Juan Cou nty. (G) Belle Rock. A rock In Rosario Strait, between Decatur and Fldalgo Islands, In southeastern San Juan County. (6) Bellevllle. A stntlon on lhe G. N. Ry.. 7 miles north of Mt. Vernon, In west central Skagit County; elevation, 31 feeL (4) Bellevue. A town on the east shore of Lake Washington, opposite Se attle, In northwestern King County. (1) Delle,·ue Poin t. A point on the west coast of San Juan Island, south of Andrews Bay, Jn west central San Juan County. (G) Bellln,cbnm. This city Lies In the southwestern part o! Whatcom County, on Bellingham Bay. The a ltltucle varies from sea-level to 110 feet. It has an area of 20 square miles. It is w ell served by railways, and by steamship lines to foreign ports, coast cities and points on Puget Sound. It has several salmon canneries, shingle mills, a bl'ick yard, cement plant, boiler works and fruit canneries. One of the three Stale Normal schools Is located here. The po1rnla tlon on July l, 1916, w as 32,985, according to the estimates of the U. S. B ureau ot the Census. 0 BeUJ11ghnm Bny. An embayment on t11e east shore of Washington Sound. at Bellingham, In southw estern ·w11atcom County. (1) BelltngJinm Chnnnel. A channel between Cypress and Guemes islands, In northwestern Skagit County. (1) Bell" Mou ntnln. A foothill or t h e Cascades in sections 23 a nd 26, T. 4 N .. R. 3 E .. In east central Clarke County. (27) A Geographic Dictfonary of W a.,hington '15 D elmont. A town on the N. P. Ry., 5 miles southeast ot Oakesdale. In northeastern Whitman County: elevation, 2,502 feet. (1) Delmore. A t!ta.tlon on the N. P. Ry., 6 miles southwest. ot Olympia, In central Thurston County; elevation, 162 feet. (4) llench Creek, A small stream entering Aeneas -Valle)· from the south, In east central Okanogan County. (62) D e neb Lake. A small lake, l Y.i miles north or Unicorn Peak, southeast of Mount Rainier, In northeastern Lewis County. (69) De uell Lake. A small lake at the head of Downey Creek, In southeast ern Skagit County; elevation. 5,280 feet. (52) De n c h Luke. A small lake 5 miles ,ioutheast or Mount Adams, In south· western Yakima County. (37) Bend. A former post office, about 5 miles south of Bever!)', in sout11- western Grant County; elevation, :515 reel. (1) ne,uler. A triangulation point in Hot·se Heaven Hilla, Sec. 21, T . 9 N., R. 26 .Ill .• Benton County; elevation, 2,046 feet. (Gr.) D ender Canyon. A canyon and stream entering Wenatchee Valley, from the south. 10 mlles below LeavenworU1, In south central Chelan County. (Properly Brender.) (47) Dentler C reek, A small soulhern tributary oe South Fork o! Stlla g uamish River, west of Sllvel'lon, In central Snohomish County. (77) l)enA'e. A town in eastern Adams County, on the S. P. & S. Ry.: eleva tion, 1,468 feet. (1) llenJomln Luke. A small lake, 2 miles south of Wellplnlt, ln south cen tral Stevens Count~·. (20) Deuuett S r•rlng. A spring In Sec. H, '1'. 11 N., R. 26 E., in northwestern Benton County. (66) Oemcon Creek. A trlbuu.lr~r or Methow River. Crom tile east, 6 miles south ot Twisp, in southwestern Okanogan County. (56) Dent Berlin, A slallon on the G. N. Ry., 2 miles west of Skykomish, In north eastern King County. (1) Bern e. A station 011 the G. N. Ry., 5 miles east of Cascade Tunnel, In west central Chelan County; eLevallon, 2,807 feet. (24) De rnie r Creek. A small trlbutal'Y of upper Newaukum River, from the north, northeast of Alpha, In central Lewis County. (4.6) Be rrian. A town on the S. P. & S. Ry., 5 miles east ot PlymouU1, In south cent,·al Benton County; elevation, 301 feet. (2) Berrymnn. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 13 miles north of Walltl Walla, In centl'al Walla Walla County; elevation. 984 feet. ( 4) Berryman Creek. A tributary of B:onulam River, from the east, about 8 miles above the mouth of the latter, In central Grays Harbor County. (64) JJe rry Penk. A peak 2 miles west of Crater Lake, In east central Pierce County: elevation, 5.112 !eel. (69) nertruutl Oree.k. A northern trlbuttal'y or Nooksak River, east of Cus ter, In northwestern Whatcom County. (42) Be rwick Creek. A small tributary of l)lllenbaugh Creek, southeast of Chehalis, In west central Lewis County. (45) Bethel Rlilge, The divide between Little Rattlesnake Creek and Upper Oak Creek, In west central Yakima County. (38) ne,•e,.Jy, A town on Columbia River and the C. M. & St. P. R)'.. In southwestern Grant County: elevation, 546 feet. (l) De,·erl y C::reek. A small tributary of North Fork of Teanaway Rivel', in north central Kittitas County. (78) Be verly Junction. A junction 011 the C. M. & St. P. Ry.. 1 mile west ot Beverly, in southeastern Kittitas County; elevation, 550 feet. Dlckletnn. A town a.bout 20 miles north of Roosevelt, In northeastern Klickitat County; elevation, 3,002 feet. (1) Big Cnn-,·on Creek. An upper ll'lbutary of Salmon Creek, north of Con conully. In central Okanogan County, (48) Dig C reek. A southern tributary of Railroacl Creek. In norlhe1·n Chelan County. (76) Dig Creek. A tributary of Yakima River. from lbe southwest, near Easton, in west central Kittitas County. (1) Big Creek, A station on the N. P. Ry., 10 miles west oC Cle Elum, In west central Kittitas County; elevation, 2,106 feet. (4) Big Creek. A tributary of Nlsqually River, from the southeast, near Ashtor Dig Horn Crutyon. A canyon with Intermittent stream, an eastern tribu tary of Wood Cl'eek, near Roosevelt, In eastern Klickitat County. (39) JUg Lnke . A town on the N. P. Ry., 9 miles south of Seclro Woolley, in west central Skagit County; elevation, 95 feet. (1) Dig Lake. A lake nearly 3 miles long, 6 miles southeast o! Mt. Vernon. In southeastern Skagit Cou nty; ele11at1on. 85 feet. (68) Dig lUeutlow Cr eek, A tributary from the west, emptying near the moutb of Chiwawa Creek, In central Chelan County. (47) Dig lUutltly Credc. A western tributary of Clark Fork, north of Tige,·, In northwestern Pend Oreille Count y. (4) Dig llfucldy Creek. A western h·lbutary ot Klickitat River, draining Klickitat Glacier, on th e southeast side of Mou nt Adams, in south wester n Yakima Cou nty. (37) Jllg Peuk. A peak about 3 mfles southeast of Cowllti Pass, in west cen tral Yakima County. (38) lllg Q,ulh-e ue River. A river entering the head of Qullcene Bay from the west, in northeastern Jefferson County. (l 9) Dig River. A stream entering Ozette Lake, from the northeast, in west ern Cla llam County. (19) Illg Snow l\louutnin, A peak on the headwaters of Middle 1''ork of Sno qualmie River, G miles west of Dutch Miller Gap, In east central King County; elevation, 6,670 feet. (72) Jltg Soos Creek, A northern tributary of Green River, 3 miles east of Auburn, In southwestern King County. (80) Big Swnrup Lulu,. A small enlargement ot Cow Creek, abou t 1',(i nule!< Jong, located east of Rltzvllle, In the northeastern part of Adams County. (1) Dlnr;~n. A lown on the S. P. & S. Ry, and Columbia River, pear Wttlte Salmon, in southwestern Klickitat County. (1) Hln11:hnm F lnt. A valley a long upper Bonaparte Creek, sout h of Mount Bomwarte, in northeastern Okanogan County. (62) Birch Boy. An embayment on the east sicle of Georgia Strait, south of Blaine, In northwestern Whatcom Cou nty. (1) Hlrcbfleld. A station on the N. Y. & V. Ry. (N. P. Ry.), 8 miles south east or Yakima, in east central Yak ima County. Birch Flot. A fiat of about 1 square mile on the r ight bank of the Columbia, Immediately north of the mou th of Wenatchee R iver, in sou theastern Ch elan County. (84) otrcb Point. A point on t h e east side of Georgia Strait, between Dray ton Harbor and Birch Bay, sou th ot Blaine, in northwestern ,vhat com County. (1) Dlrd Creek. A small stream In Yakima and Klickitat cou nties, south east of Mount Adams, near Glenwood. (1) B ird Roek. A rock between Brown and C1·ane Islands, southwest or Orcas Island, In central San J uan Coun ty. (6) Bird RockN. Rocks In Rosario Strait, between the southern end of De catur Island and B urrows Island, In sou theastern San Juan County. (6) Dlrdi Dh,ho1l. A station on lhe line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 14 miles southeast of Almota, in southeastern Whitman County; elevation, 682 feet. ( 4) D IMho1u,1 Bnr. A bar on the right bank of Columbia Rive,-, 12 miles he low the International boundary, in north central Stevens County. ( 31_) Bismarck iUountutn. A mountain between the headwaters of Muddy ancl Green rivel'f;, northeast or Mount St. Helens, in no1·thwest.ern Ska mania County. (15) OIMmure k reuk. A peak about 7 miles southeast of Bumping Lake, in west central Yakima County. (3S) Bls> Blue Luke. A small lake In Grand Coulee, about 7 miles southwest of Coulee City, In northern Grant County. (]) B l ue Lnke. A small lake about 10 miles south of Loomis, In central Okanogan County: elevation, 1,684 .feet. (48) Blue Lake. A small lake 3 miles southwest of Oroville, in north central Okanogan County; elevation, 1,765 feet. (62) B l ue Lnkei,. Small lakes 3 miles northeast of Cascades, In south cen ~:·al Skamania County. (53) Blue Ug ht. A village on lhe Klickilat-Yakima county boundary line. aboul 20 miles southwest of Mabton. (1) Ulne llo untnln . A peak at the head or McDonald Creek, 14 miles south east of Port Angeles, In eastern Clallam Count)'. (19) nlue JrouutulnM. The northeastern extension or a group of mountains which lie moslly In Orego n. In Washington they are located ln the llOUtheastern corner of the !:ltate, ln Asotin, Garfield, Columbla and Walla Walla counties. The general a ltitude of these mountains is between 6,000 and 6,000 feet. The)' cover little more than 100 square m Iles in Washington. They receive considerable proclpl talion. but rarely remain snow-covered throughout the year. The higher slopes are timbered, while the lowe,· levels are covered with grasses. ntue ro<-ks Lnn,llng. A landing on the no1·lh bank of Columbia River, opposite the mouth of Willamette Rive,·, In Clarke County. (64.) Dlue,.lhle. A station on lite I. & W. N. Ry. (C. 1\'(. & St. P. Ry.), 38 miles northwest of Newport, in central Pend 01'eille County; eleva tion. 2,067 feet. (1) Bh1e .. tem. A station on the G. N. Ry., 7 miles northeast of Harrington, in east central Lincoln County: elevation, 2,320 feet. (l) Dlnfl'. A village at the north end of Samish Lake, 5 miles southeast ot Bellingham, In southwestern Whatcom Cqunty. (4) B l y . A post office in the southeastern pa1·t of Asotin County, near the Oregon line. Cl) Dl y u. A town on the S. P. A. & W. Ry. (C. M. & St. P . Ry.), 26 miles southeast of Port Angeles, In northeastern Clallam County: eleva tion, 28 feet. (19) nonr,lrunn Creek. A soulhern tributary of South Fork of Stllaguamish River, east or Gold Basin, in central Snohomish County. (77) nob" Mountnlu. A mountain about S miles northeast of Mount Pleasant, in southwestern Skamania County; elevation, 2,107 feet. (53) Tlockmnu Creek. A small tributary of Solecluck River. from the east, near Beave1· post oH1ce, In western Clallam County. (19) Bodle. A mining camp on Tol'ocla C1·eek, about 10 miles north ot Wau conda, in northeastern Okanogan County: elevation, 2,713 feet. (71) no,ue Creek. A small eaRtern tri'butan• of Toroda Creek. In northeast- 01·n Okanogan County. (71) Dognd tlel Peak. A peak at the head of Bogachiel River, about S miles nol'thwest of Mount Olympus. In south central Clallam County. (19) nog n chle l Rh·e... A large stream of the western Olympics, uniting with the Soleduck to fot·rn Qulllayule River, near Mora. In southwestern Clallam County. (19) Bot,re Creek. A tl'lbutary of White River, near Enumclaw, in south cen tral !(Ing County. (44) not.. ttort. A post office about 15 miles southwest of Chehalis, In south western Lewis County. (1) A. Geographic Dictionary of W a11hington 81 Dolle,.. A town on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 3 miles west of Waitsburg, 1n east central Walla Walla County; elevMion, 1,166 feet. (4) Bolaner. A town about 8 miles east of Molson, In northeastern Okan ogan County. (1) Dolton P e nlnsuln. A peninsula between Qullcene and upper Dabop bays, In eastern Jel?erson County. (5) Bonn1H1.rte Creek. A tributary of Okanogan Rive,·, from the east, at Tonasket, In north central Okanogan County. (1) Jlounpnrte Luke. A lake about 1 mile long a t the head oC Bonaparte Creek, north of Mount Bonaparte, In northeastern Okanogan County. (62) Bonnpnrte Mendow,., Meadows and marshes on upper Bonaparte Creek, east of Mount Bonaparte, Jo northeastern Okanogan County. (62) Bonnpnrte , Mount. A mountain 18 m iles southeast o! Orovllle, In north eastern Okanogan County; e levation, 7,280 feet. (62) Bone Rh·er. A small river entering Wlllapa Bay, from the east, west of South Bend, In northwestern Pacific County. (27) Donltn. A post office about 16 miles northeast of Chelan Falls, on Columbia River, in northwestern Douglas County. (1) Bonnle Lake. A lake 2% miles long, about 9 miles west of North Pine, In southwestern Spokane County. (4) Booker Mountain. A mountain about 8,400 feet high, near the summit of the Cascades, on the headwaters or Stehekln River, northwest or L ake Chelan. (76) Boone. A station on the N. P. RY., and the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 3 miles northwest of Granger, In east central Yakima Count~·; elevation, 787 feet. (4) Borde nux. A town about 4 m iles west of Little Rock, In southwestern Thurston County. (4) Boru,,. A station on the N. P. Ry.. 5 miles west of Stampede, in south eastern King County; elevation, 2,41 06 feet. (96) nos sburg. A town on the G. N. Ry., !) mlles northeast of Marcus, In no1·thwestem Stevens County; elevation, 1.356 feet. (1) Bo1<1on Pen·k. A peak on the Cascade divide, at the head of Slehekln River; elevation, S,850 feet. (52) Bosworth Lnke. A small lake 3 m iles south of Granite Falls, in central Snohomish County. (77) BotheU. A town on the N . P . Ry., 23 miles north of Seattle. in north w estern I{lng County; elevation, 54: feet. (1) lloulcler Creek. A small st1·eam entering Stehekln River. 1 ~ miles above the mouth of lhe latter, In the north end of Chelan County. (76) lloulder Creek. A tributary of the Elwha from the west, entering about 15 miles above the mouth of the latter, in south central Clallam County. (19) Bou1'ler Cre ek. A tributary of Kettle Rlve1·, from the west, 2 miles south of Orient, In northeastern Ferry County. (1) Boulder Creek. A tributary of Cle E lum River, from the east, lt miles north of Cle E lum Lake, In northwestern Kittitas County. (74) B01dtler Creek. A tributary of W illiams Creek, 2 m!les east of Liberty, In north central Kittitas County. (17) 8~ Bulletin No. 17, Washington, Geological Swrvey Boulder Creek. A small tributary ot Rex River, south of Cedar Lake, In southeastern King County. (44) Boulder Creek. A headwater of Ohanapecosh River, east of Mount Rainier, in southeastern Pierce County. (69) Boulder Creek. A southern tributary of Cascade River, 4 miles east of Marblemount. In east central Skagit County. (52) Douhler Creek. A small headwater of Pllchuck Creek, on the south sicle o! Pllchuck Mountaln, ln central Snohomish County. (77) Douhler Creek. A tributary of No1·th Fork of Stllaguamish River, !rom the south, near Hazel, In north central Snohomish County. (77) Boulder Creek. A small southern tributary of Ruby Creek, in south eas tern Whatcom County. (4) Boulder Creek. A tributary of Baker River, from the west, 2 mllell be low Bakel' Lake, ln south central Whatcom County. (40) Douhler Islaml. A small Island In Rosario Strait, north of Point Col ville, near the southeastern shore of Lopez Island, In southeastern San Juan County. (6) nouttler Luxe. A lake at the head oC Tenas Creelc, In t1outl1eastern Skagit County. (52) llouJder l'eak. A mountain at the head of Boulder Creek, 6 miles east o! Sol Due Hot Springs, In central Clallam County; elevation, 7,000 feet. (Forest Service) (19) noulcle" R eef, A reef northwest of Sinclair Islancl, in the northwest corner of Skagit County. (6) Doun 81"nce Point. A point on the east shore of Puget Sound, 4lf.s miles south of Alki Point, In west central King County. (5) Brndlor,1 IHlnnd. An Island 1 mile long, In Columbia River, at Cas cades Station, in south central Skamania County. (63) llrnll Oreek. A southern tributary of Nlsqually River, near Yelm, Jn east central Thurston County. (45) 81:'enkeTs, A town on the ocean front, 5 miles north of Ilwaco, In south western Paclftc County. (1) Breckinridg e Creek. An easLern tt·lbutary of Sumas River, near Nook sak, In northwestern Whatcom County. (79) Dreme r. A post office 8 miles northwest or Morton, In central Lewis County. (1) Dren,er1on. This town lies In the central part of Kitsap County, on one of the waterways of Puget Sound. 'l'he altitude Is from sea-level to 200 teet. The town is served by boats to Seattle and other Sound ports. IL Is the base of the United States Naval Station of Puget Sound. The population in 1910 was 2,993. (1) Drennan. A station on the G. N. Ry.. 7 miles northwest of Bellingham, In west central Whatcom County; elevation, 16 feet. (42) Brewster. A town on Columbia River, near the mouth of Okanoga1, River. and on the G. N. Ry., in south central Okanogan County; elevaUon, 812 feel. (1) Drews1er Ferr>', A terry on Columbia River, near Brewster, In north western Douglas County. (61) Brickel Cree k. A stream rising on the easlern slopes ot Mount Spo kane (Mount Carlton), and flowing eastward into Idaho. (76) Bridge Creek. A tributary of Sanpoll River, Crom the northeast. In south central Ferry County. (1) .Drtdge Creek. A trtbu t:i:Lt'Y of Twisp River from the no1•th, 8 miles ,'l'esl of Twisp, in west central Okanogan County. (1) Drt.l,ce Creek. A tributary of Stehekin River, about 16 miles northwest of the head of Lak.e Chelan, In nort hern Chelan County. (76) Bridge Creek. E n .. t Fork. One of the forks of Bridge Creek, heading In Twisp Pass. in the north end of Chelan County. (76) Bridge Creek. North Fork. A tributary or Bridge Creek, In the north encl of Chelan Count)•. (76) Drhlge Cn e k. South t>ork. A small tributary oC Bridge Creek, in the north end of Chelan County. (76) Bridgeport. A town ou Columbia River. about 10 miles above the mouth of the Okanogan, in northern Douglas County; elevation. 817 teet. (1) Drhti:eport Ferry. A feny on Columbia. River, 1 mile below Bridgeport. In northwestern Douglas County. ( 61) Drier. A post office on Entiat River. 17 Y.i miles above Entiat, in south western Chelan Cou nty. (1) Bright. A post office ln southeastern Douglas County. 18 miles south west of Coulee City. (2) llrlnnoo. A town on Hood Canal. at the mouth of Dosewalllp River, ln eastern Jetrerson County. (1) DrlNco Point. A point at the south end of Hartstlne Island, In south eastern Mason County. (5) Drl81ol. A station on the N. P. Ry., 17 miles norLhwest of Ellensburg. in central Kittitas County; elevation, 1.765 feet. (~) 84 Bulletvn No. 17, Washvngton Geological Survey Bron,l Solt. A sand spit on the west sbore, near the head of Dabop Bay, In northeastern Jefferson County. (26) u .. oudvtew Fru-mH. A station on tbe S. & I. E. Ry., about 1 mile south of Rosalia, In no1·th central ,Vhltman County; elevation, 2,234 feet. Brodie iUouutolD, A mountain about 14 miles northwest o! Republtc, In northwestern Ferry County; elevation, 5,685 feet. (71) B roken Point. A point on the north shore of Shaw Island, In central San Juan County. (6) Bromort. A station on the N. P. Ry., l mile south of Snohomish, in south central Snohomish Coun ty. Brom,o. A station on the electric line, aboul 6 miles northeast of Van couver, in Clarke County. (27) Brookfield. A town on Columbia. River, in southwestern Wahkiakum County. (1) Brook Luke. A small lake, 1 mile northeast of Stratford, In east cen tr·al Grant County. (4) Brooklyn. A town on North River, in the northeastern corner of Pa cific County. (1) Brooks Slough. A slough on the north bank of Columbia River, south east o! Skamokawa, in south central Wahkiakum County. (27) Drook1lel<1. A station on the N. P. Ry., 26 miles southeast of Ta.coma, Jn north central Pierce County. Brothers, 'l'be. A mountain In the northeastern part of T. 25 N., R . 4 W .. In east central Jefferson County; elevation, 6,920 feet. (19) Drown Creek. A tributary oC South Fork of Skokomlsh River, south west or Lake Cushman, In no-rthwestel'n Mason County. (19) Brown Cr eek. A small western tributary o! Sauk River. near the mouth ot Whltechuck River. In northeastern Snohomish County. (62) Brown bltJ.utl, An Island In San .Tuan Channel, near Friday Harbor, In central San Juan County. (6) Brown l.Hluml. An Island l mile west of Crane Island, southwest of Orcas Island. in central San J uan County. (6) Brown L1Lke. A small lake, about 7 miles northwest of Okanogan, in central Okanogan County. (61) Brown Peu_k, A peak at the heacl of Lost Creek, about 11 miles north east of Mount Rainier, In ea.st central Pierce County; elevation, 6,312 feet. (69) Brown, Point. Southern end of a sand spit at the north entrance to Grays Harbor, In southw estern Grays Harbor County. (1) Brown, PolDt. A point on the east shore of Puget Sound, north of 'l'a coma, in northwestern Pierce County. (S) Brown's LRke. A small lake, about 6 miles east of Locke, in central Pend Orellle County. (4) Drown'" Slou,cl,. One of the mouths of Skagit River, emptylng into Skagit Bay, In southwestern Skagit County. (58) Brow11svtlle. A town on Port Orchard Inlet, In central Kitsap County. (4) Bruce. A station on the N. P. Ry. (Connell Branch), 17 miles northwest of Connell, In southwestern Adams County; elevation, 1,196 feet. (96) Bruce. A station on the P. C. R. R ., 1 mile northeast o! Black Diamond. in south central King County; elevation, 875 feet. Bruce Creek. A small stream, about 6 m iles east of Bossburg, in north central Stevens County. (29) A Geographic Dictionary of 1l'ashington 85 Brm,h Creek, An eastern headwater o! Wl\ile Ct'eek, southeast of Mount Adams, ln southwestern Yakima County. (37) Dr1,,,h Prairie. A station on the N. P. Ry., 13 miles northeast of Van couver, In central Clarke County; elevation, 295 feet. (1) Drynnt. A town on the N. P. Ry., 8 miles north of Arlington, In north weslern Snohomish County: elevation, 170 feet. (4) Bryn lllnwr. A town on the west shore of Lake Washington, near the southern end, between Seattle and Renton, In west central King Counly. (25) Duck Dny. An embayment on the southeast shore of East Sound, at Olga. In east central San Juan County. (6) Buck Creek. A tributary of Chlwawa Creek, heading In Buck Creek Pass, In northern Chelan County, (76) Bn<"k Creek. A trlbutan• of Yakima River, from the north, at Thrall, In east cenh'al Kittitas County. (1) Buck Cr eek. A tributary or upper Sulattle River, from the northeast, ln Skagit and Snohomish counties. (1) Duek Creek l'n11,,, A pass on the cascade divide, at the heads of Sul a.ttle River and ChJwawa Creek: elevation, 5,796 feet. (76) Buc keye. A post office on the G. N. Ry,, 18 miles north of Spokane, !n north central Spokane County; elevat ion, l ,966 feet. (1) Buckeye Creek. A small lrlbutan• of Squire Creek, heading on the slopes of White Horse Mountain, In north central Snohomish County. (77) Duckhorn :Uountnln. A mountain 4 miles east ot Chesaw, in northeast ern Okanogan County. (71) Duckhorn Mouninln. A mountain ridge north or tower Methow River and west or Brewster, In southwestern Okanogan County. (61) Du<-kley. A town situatecl In the no1·th central part or Pierce County, on White River. The altitude Is 723 feet. The town ls served by the N. P. Ry. There Is considerable lumbering and coal mining in the tributary vlclnlt)•. The population In 1910 was 1,27!!. Bm•kmlre !1101111:h, An old channel on the flood-plain between Vancouver Lake and Columbia River, near Vllncouver, Clarke County. (64) Dul'k ,ro1rntnl11. A mountain near tho Cascade summit, between the headwaters or White River and Chlwawa Creek, In northern Chelan County: elevlltlon, about 8,400 feet. (7G) Duck :'llountnln. A mountain 12 mtles northwest of Okanogan, in cen tral Okanogan County; elevation, 6,170 feet. (61) Do<"k Rock. A rock near the southwestern shore or Lopez Island. at Richardson, In south central San Juan County. (6) D11cod11. A town on the N. P. RY.. 6 miles north o! Centralla, ln south central Thurston County; elevation. 264 feet. (1) Dud,t Inlet. The southernmost Inlet or Puget Sound, heading at Olym pia, In north central Thurston County. (1) Duell Pf'uk. A peak about 10 miles east of Mount Rainier·. north or Kot suck Creek. ln southeastern Pierce County: elevation. 5.933 feet. (69) Dnenu. A station on the line ot the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 17 miles soulheast of Yakima, in central Yakln1a County; elevation, 785 feet. (4) Dneun Dur. A bar on the left bank of Columbia River, about 6 miles below Bridgeport, in northwestern Douglas County. (31) 86 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey OuJlnlo Dar. A bal' 1 mile long, In Snake Rlve1·, aboul 15 miles above Asotin, In east centl'al AsotLn County. (36) OuJl'nlo llaphl11. Rapids in Snak,e River, about 14 mlles above Asolin, in east central Asotin County. (36) DoUartl Creek. A small northern tributary of Skagit River, at Marble mounl, In north central Skagit Couiny. (40) Dull R un TI1111ldH. Rapids In Col umbia River, 15 miles below the mouth of Snake River. (32) Dum11lug Lnke. A lake about 3 m iles long, on upper B umping Rl\"er, In west central Yakima County; elevation. 3,395 !eel. (1) DOD111lug River. A southwestern tribu tary of u pper Naches River, bead Ing in Carlton Pass, southeast of Mount Rainier, In northwestern Yakima County. (1) Dunke r. A post office on the N. P. Ry., 3 miles west ot Adna, in west central Lewis County. (2) Dunker C reek. A tributary of Chehalis River, from the north. 3 miles west of Adna, In northwestern Lewis County. (27) D11rb11nk. A station on the N. P. Ry., 4 mlles southeast of Pasco. in west central Walla Walla. County; elevation, 354 feet. (1) Du:rlnu. Lake, A small lake near Point Pully (Three Tree Point), In west central King County. (80) Du'J'ke. A post office 11 miles south of Qu incy, In west central Grant County. (1) Burke ll!lnnd. An Island 1 mile long, In Columbia River, 2 miles above Martin's Blutt, in south central Cowlitz County. (11) Burke S lough. A channel in Columbia R l-ver, between Burke Island and the mainland, near Martin's Blutt, In south central Cowlitz County. (11) Bu:rkeN Buy. A small bay on the west side of Port Orchard Jnlel, a.l Brownsville, in central Kitsap County. (26) B urle">'• A town at the head of Carr Inlet, in southeastern Kitsap County. (1) Durley Lngoou. A bay at the head of Carr Inlet, In northwestern Pierce Cou nty. (8) Du'J'llngton. A town in the west central part of Skagit County, with an allllude of 35 !eel. I t is served by the G. N. Ry., an lnteru,·ban line, and auto stages. Jt has several shingle mJJls, and the sur rounding community Is occupied In lumbering, dairying, fruit and poultry raising. The population Jn 1910 was 1,302. Barnett. A Lown on the N. P. Ry., 29 miles southeast of Tacoma, In not'Lh central Pierce County; elevallon, 617 Ceet. (1) Burnt Doot C reek, A small upper tributary of Middle Fork of Sno qualmie River. near Snoqualmie Pass, in east central King County. (74) Durntbrlclge Creek. A small stream in southe1·n Clarke County, flowing !rom 'the east Into Vancouver Lake. (64) Duritt Mountnln. A ridge between Carbon River and headwaters of Gale Creek, in east central Pierce County. (44) Burnt Purk, A park at the bead of Ada Creek, between Lost and Huckleberry creeks, in east central Pierce County. (69) Buroker, A station on the N. P. Ry., 8 miles nol'theast of Walla Walla, In sou th central Walla Walla Count~·; e levation. 1,317 feet. (4) A. Geographic Dictionary of W asllington 81 Bur... A station on the S. P. & S. R)',, 31 miles east of Pasco, in south eastern Franklh, County, (83) Bunoughl!I M.ount111u. Tho divide between lower Winthrop ancl Emmons glaciers, northeast of Mount Rainier, in east central Pierce County. (69) Burrow,., A station on the N. P. Ry., 8 miles northwest or Hoquiam, In southwestern Grays liarbor County; elevation, 17 feet. (60) Bonow>< Dny. A bay on lhe west shore of the north end or Fldalgo Jsland, In west central Skagit County. (G) Borrow" lMla1111l. An island about 1!,4 miles long, west or Ffdalgo Island, In west centr8'1 Skagit County; maximum e levation, 630 feet. (6) Burton. A town on the southeast shore of Vashon lsland, In south western King County. (l) lloHl1. A station on the N. P. Ry., 6 miles south of OlymJ)fa, in central Thui·ston County; elevation, 186 feet. (4) Du> Oo c tus Islond11. Small Islands southeast of Stuart Island and north ot Spieden Island, in northwestern San Juan County. (6) On,11ot P eok. A peak 2 miles east ot Monte Cristo, In southeastern Sno homish County. (72) Cacly Cree k. One of the headwaters of North Fork of Skykomish River, near Cady Pass, In southeastern Snohomish County. (72) Cady Pns 11. A pass on the Cascade divide, between headwaters of Wen atchee River and North Fork of Skykomish River: elevation, about 4,400 feet. (72) Cake Rot'k. A small Island 2 m iles off shore, and one mile north of the mouth of Qultlayute River, In southwestern Clallam County; eleva tion, 116 feet. (5) Cnm1• Creek. A tributary of Soleduck River, from the south, about 7 miles west of Lake Crescent, In central Clallam County. (19) Cnmv Creek. A small southern tributary of White River, about 6 miles below the forks of the latter, In nortlheastern Pierce County. (44) C,un1• Oreek. A small up1>er tributary of Whltechuck River, from the south, in northeastern Snohomish County. (52) Cum1, lllulr. A camp site on the southeast end of Cowlltz Cleaver, on the southeast s lope of Mount Ralnlel'. (69) C1un1• N o. 4. A village on South Fork of Snoqualmie River, about 5 miles above No1·th Bend, in central King Count)', (91) Cnm1•hell S1,rrn11.", A spf'lng In Sec. 15, T. 11 N .. R. 23 E .. on the southern slope of Rattlesnake Hills, In east central Yakima County. (66) C1111.1·1,hcll Luke. A lake 2 miles long on the flood plain of Columbia River, 2 miles north of Knapp, In western Clarke County. (27) Corupbell8 Lake. A lake 1 'h miles long, on Fldalgo Island, north or Deception Pass, In southwestern Skagit County. (25) Canby. A station on the G. N. RY.. 12 miles east of Harrington, In east central Lincoln County: elevatlo·n, 2,204 feet. Canby, Fort. A fort on the east side of Cape Disappointment, south of Ilwaco, at the mouth of the Columbia, In southwestern Pacific County. (4) Cnnoe Cre ek. A smnll stream entering Qulnault Lake from the north east, in north central Grays Harbor County. (19) Cnuoe Enc:nm1•ment RnpltlB. Rapids l '/.i miles long, In Columbia River, 1n the southwestern corner of Benton Count)'. (43) Canoe lslnntl. An Island In Upright Channel, between Shaw and Lopez islands, In central San Juan Islands. (6) Cnuoe Ruplcl. A rapid In Columbia River, 17 miles below the Interna tional boundary, ln north central Stevens County. (31) Cnuoe Rt,lge. A local ridge 4 miles long, 1¥• miles wide, 400 feet high, 2 miles from the Columbia, in the :southwestern corner of Benton County. (43) Cnnto. A village on North River, near· the south line of Grays Harbor County. (26) Cnnyon. A station on the line or the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 19 miles southeast of Lacrosse, in southwestern Whitman County; elevation, 718 feet. (]) C'nnyon Creek. A small tributary of North Fork of Lewis River, in northeastern Clarke County. (1) Cnny on Creek. A tributary of Dungeness River, from the southwest, entering the latter 10 miles above its mouth, In north.eastern Clallam County. (19) Cunyou Creek. A small tributary of Soleduck River, from the south, 1 mile above Sol Due Hot Springs, in central Clallam County. (19) Cuuyon Creek. A small northern tributary of Columbia River, about 6 miles east of Wa~hougal, In southeastern Cowlitz County. (13) Cuoyon Creek. A tributary of West Fork of Satsop River, from the east, In east central Grays Harbor County. (1) Canyon Creek. A small northern trlbu tary of Twisp River, 11 miles west of Twisp, In west central Okanogan County. (56) Cnu·yon Creek. An eastern tributary of Washougal River. we11t of Edge water, In southwestern Skamania County. (53) 90 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey Cu u,-on Creek. A tribula1·y of South Fork of Stllaguamish River, from the south, near Granite Falls, in central Snohomish County. (77) Cooyon Creek. An upper headwater o! Suiattle River, from the north east, in no1•tbeastern Snohomish County, (52) Couyon Creek. A headwater of Dragoon Creek, east of Loon Lake, in southeastern Stevens County. (4) Cnnyon Creek. A tributary of North Fork of Nooksak River, north of Glacier, In north central Whatcom County. (1) Cunyou Creek. A northern headwnler of Ruby Creek, In en.st central Whatcom County. (1) Cn nyou Lnke, A lake south of Maple Falls, and east oC Deming, in cen tral Whatcom County. (4) Cnnyou .No. "l. A canyon and Intermittent stream, entering the valley ot the Columbia, 2 miles south ot the mouth of Wenatchee River, in southeastern Chelan County. (84) C'uuyon No. 2, A canyon ancl Intermittent stream, entering the Colum bia, 3 miles south ot the mouth ot Wenatchee River, In southeastern Chelan County. (84) Canyon River. An upper tributary of Satsop River, in 1\1ason and Grays Harbor counties. (19) Cu1>e Aluvn, A headland near the mouth ot Ozette River. about 16 miles south ot Cape Flattery, In western Clallam County; elevation, 118 feet. (5) Cu11e Dlsn111>olnhue nt. A high headland at the north of the entrance to Columbia River, in southwestern Pacific County. (1) C"n11e E llznbeth. A promontory on the sea coast, 2 miles north o! the mouth of Quinault Rlver, In northwestern Grays Harbor County. (5) Cn1>e J•'lut1ery. The most northwestern point or the mainland ot Wash ington, ln northwestern Clallam County. (6) Cnpe George. A point on the east shore at the entrance to Port Dis covery, In northeastern Jefferson County. (5) Cn11e Born . A point on the north shore, near the east end of Ham mersley Jnlet, in southeastern Mason County. (5) C,w e Horn. A station on the S. P . & S. Ry., 18 miles west of Steven son. In southwestern Skamania County; elevation, 48 feet. (1) Cn11e Horn. A point on the north shore of Columbia River, about 3 miles below Eagle Clirt, In southeastern Wahkiakum County. (10) C111,e Joho11011 . A cape 4 milea north of the mouth ot Qulllayute River, In southwestern Clall~m County. (5) Cupe Lubelle Cr eek. The principal eastern headwater of West Fo1·k of Sanpoll River. in east central Okanogan County. (62) Cn,,e St. l\fnry. A point on the soulheastel'n shore ot Lopez Island, in southeastern San Juan County. (6) Cupe S houlwnte r. The sanely cape north or the entrance to WIila.pa Ba~·. in northwestern Pacific County. (1) Cnptnln John Jluphls. Rapids in Snake River, about 17 miles above Asotin, in southeastern AsoUn County. (36) Cn·rbonndo, A town on tbe N. P. Ry., 34 miles southeast of Tacoma, in central Pierce County; elevation, l,H6 teet. (l) Cnrhou Ginder . A glacier about 5 miles long, at the heacl of Carbon River, on the northwestern slope of Mount Rainier; eleva.Uon of lower encl, 3,356 feet. (69) A Geographic Dictionary of W ashington 91 Ca :rhou Ridge. A t'idge between Carbon River and headwatet'S of South Prairie Creek, in east central Pierce County: maximum elevation, 5,790 teet. ( 44) Cnrbou 1u,,er. A river heading on the northwest side of Mount Rainier and emptying Into Puyallup River, near Orting, In north central Pierce County. (1) Carde rs. A station on lhe S. & L E. Ry., 11 miles east of Spokane, in east central Spokane County; elevalion. 1,992 feel. Cn:rley. A town on the S. P. & S. Ry. and Columbia River, in the south western corner of Benton County; elevation, 250 feet. (43) Cnrll.s le, A station on the N. P. Ry., 16 miles northwest o! Hoquiam, In west centra) Grays Barbo,· County; elevation, 76 feet. (2) Cnrl,.hol'i;-. A town on the S. P. A. & "\'.'. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry,), 16 miles east of Port Angeles, In nol'theastern Clallam County; eleva tion, 174 feet. (19) Cnrlton. A post office on Methow River, 23 miles northwest of Pateros, in soutJiwestern Okanogan County. (1) Cnrlton Creek. An upper tributary of Cowlllz River, heading In Carlton Pass, In northeastern Lewis County. (88) Carlton PnsN. A pass on the Cascade divide, about 18 miles southeast of Mount Rainier, al headwaters of Carlton Creelc and Bumping River; elevation. about 4,100 feet. (38) Cnrnntlon. A town on the G. N. and C. M. & St. P, railways. 18 miles south of Monroe, In north central King County: elevation, 90 feet. (Formerly Tolt.) CllJ'1>eJ1te1' C reek. An eastern tributary of Pllchuck Creek, near Machias, In west central Snohomish County. (21) Cnrpeute1' C reek, A small stream entering the north end of Lake What com at ·woodlawn, in west central Whatcom County. (79) Cnn Tn let. An arm ot Puget Sound, north of McNeil Island, In north wesleru Pierce County. (1) Cn,.,.le, llount. A peak on the divide noirlh of upper Hoh River. 7 miles northeast of Mount Olympus, In south central Clallam County. (19) Curroll Creek. A tributary of Tye River, from the south, 6 miles east of Skykomish, in no1·theastem King County. (72) Carroll lslet. A small island 2 miles orr shore and 8 miles north of the mouth of the Qullla)•ute River, In southwestern Clallam County; elevation, 200 feet. (6) Cnrrou... A station on the N. P. Ry., 4 miles north of Kalama, In south western Cowlitz County; elevation, :21 reet. (I) Cnrry Creek. A small upper tributary of Day Creek, south of Lyman, in west central Skagit County. (58) CorNon. A to,vn on the S. P. & S. Ry., 4 miles east of Stevenson. in south central Skamania County; elevation, 98 feel. (4) C'urHOn C reek. A small northern tributary oC Columbia River, at Ca1·son, In south central Skamania County. (53) Curter Fnll,c, Falls In Paradise River near Its mouth, south of Mount Rainier, In northeastern Lewis County. (69) Curter Po1nt, A point at the south end of Lumm! Island, southwest o! Bellingham, In southwestern Whatcom County. (5) C1111<•11de Buy , An embayment on the east shore of Eai;t Sound, at Ro sario, in east central San Juan County. (6) 92 Bulletm No . 17, Washington Geological Survey Cusctule Junction . A station on the N. P. Ry., 27 miles southeast of Ta coma, In north central Pierce County; elevation, 471 feet. (80) Coscnde MountnlnJ~. The Cascade range runs from north to south, through the ,vest central part of the state. It varies In width from a.bout 50 miles on Columbia River, opposite Oregon, to 125 mlles at the British Columbia boundary line. The general height does not exceed 8,000 feet and averages from 5,000 feet to 6,600 feet. The highest points In the range are Mount Rainier, 14,408 feet; Mount Baker, 10,750 feet; 1\'.fount Adams, 12,307 feet; Mount St. Helens, 9,671 feet; and Glacier Peak, 10,436 feet. The general area of the Cascades covers about 23,000 square miles. Several passes as 10,v as 3,600 feet above sea-level enable highways and railroads to cross the range. A number of the highest peaks have perpetual snow fields and there are from 350 to 400 glaciers within the range. The west side of the Cascades constitutes a belt that receives a large amount or rainfall, and a1; a consequence it is thickly forested, mainly with Douglas fir. The eastern slopes, where there is less rainfall, Is parklike and forested mostly wHh western yellow pine. Cuscncle Puu. A pass on the Cascade divide, between the headwaters of Stehekln and Cascade rivers. in Chelan and Skagit counties; ele vation, 5,392 feet. (52) Cnseatl e Rh•er. A river rising on the west slope of the Cascades, flowing west and joining Skagit River at Marblemount, In east central Skagit County. (1) C,u1cnde River, iUhl dle Fork. Middle headwaters of Cascade River, ris ing on the Cascade divide, In southeastern Skagit Collnty. (52) Cn11cades. A station on the S. P. & S. Ry., 5 miles west of Stevenson, Jn south central Skamania County; elevation, 74 feet. Clll!lende Tunnel. A tunnel 13,873 feet long, on the G. N. Ry., at the sum mit of the Cascades. In King and Chelan counties. Elevation of Cascade Tunnel Station, near the east pot·tal, 3,374 feet; elevation of Tye, near the west portal, 3,115 feet. (1) Cascade 'l'unnel. A station on the G. N. Ry., at the east portal of Cas cade Tunnel, in west central Chelan County; elevation, 3,374 feet. (2) Co11e l.ulet. An arm of Puget Sound, on the line between Mason and Pierce counties. (1) CoJiley, Fort. A fort and town opposite Port Townsend, on the west shore of Whitlbey Island, In Island County. (1) Cruil, Creek. A small stream entering Quinault Lake !I-om the north east, in north central Grays Harbor County. (l 9) C,v,hmere. A town on the G. N. Ry.. and Wenatchee River, 11 miles above ,venatchee, In southeastern Chelan County; elevation, 797 feet. (Formerly Mission.) ( 46) Oa,ch11 1,. A station on the S. & I. E. Ry., 6 miles south of Thornton, In north central Whitman County; elevation, 2,328 feet. (4) C1ufbN nutte. A small hill 3% miles north\vest of Smyrna, In southern Grant County. (70) cn.. sltly, Lnke. A small lake 4 miles east of Marysville, in west central Snohomish County. (58) On11tle, Tl,e. A peak in the Tatoosh Range, near Pinnacle Peak, in northeastern Lewis County; e levation, about 6,500 feet. (69) o o .. tle, 'l'he. A mountain about 20 mlles southwest of Mount Adams, In east central Skamania County; elevation, 5,100 feet. (87) Cftlltle JJillnntl . A small Island west of Point Colville, near the southeast . ern shore ot Lopez Island, In southeastern San Juan County. (6) A Geographic Dictionary of W ashington 93 CnHtle )lountnJn. A high 1·ldge at the head of Greenwater River, In east central Pierce County; elevation, 6,700 feet. (38) C1u,t1e Mountnln. A mountain on the Whatcom-Okanogan county line. 2 miles south of the lnternallonal boundary; elevation, 8,840 feet. (22) Cn11tle Penk. A rou nd peak on the mountain side, 2 miles west of Wen atchee; elevation, about 1,900 feet. (84) CnHtle Ilock. A mountain on the west side of Lake Chelan. near the head of t.he lake, In north central Chelan County; elevation, 8,300 feet. (76) C118tle Rock. A town on the N. P. Ry. and Cowlitz River, 20 miles north of Kalama, in west central Cowlitz County; elevation, 59 feet. (1) Cn11tle Rock, A peak l mile northeast of Crater Lake, Jn east central Pierce County; elevation, 6,116 !eet. (69) Cn..tleton. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 22 miles west ot Malden, In northwestern Whitman County; elevation, l,'i05 feet. Cntnrnct Creek. A southeastern tributa:ry of upper Carbon Rlver, below Carbon Glacier, in east central Pierce County. (69) Cntnrnct F ulls. Falls In Cataract Creek, west of the lower end of Car bon Glacier, in east central Pierce County. (69) Cn t Creek. A tributary of the Elwha from the southwest, entering about 16 miles above the mouth of the latter, In south central Clal lam County. (19) Cntlrnrlne Creek. A small tributary of Kettle River, from the east, In northwestern Ferry County. (71) Cntl,cnrt. A town on the N. P. Ry., 6 miles south of Snohomish, Jn southwestern Snohomish County. (4) Cnthetlrnl Rock. A peak near the Cascade summit, on headwaters of Middle Fork of Cle Elum River, In northwestern Kittitas County; elevation, about 6,700 feet. (72) Cntl,e drnl Rocks. A cleaver or divide between upper Cowlitz and In graham glaciers, on the southeast slope of Mount Rainier. (69) CntbJ_nmet. This town lies In the southern part of Wahkiakum Cou nty, on Colwnbla River, and Is the county seat. It Is served by two steamboat lines. It contains a llsh cannery, saw mill, and a cream ery. The surrounding country has a number or logging camps and saw mills. The population was 352 In 1910. (1) Cnthlnme t lHlnnd. An Island about 2¥, miles long, In Columbla River, below Cathlamet, In south central Wahkiakum County. (27) Catlin, A vlllage on the west sl Cny ndu Creek, A small northern tributary of Chenuis River, northwest o! Moulll Rainier, In east central Pierce County. (44) Cuyndu lllountRb1. A peak north of upper Chenuls River, northwest of Mount Rainier, in east central Pierce County; elevation, 5,118 feet. (44) Cn~·u"e lllountnln. A mountain ridge northwest o! Tonasket, In north central Okanogan County; maximum elevation, 2,660 feet. (48) CilJ'USe Pns!f, A pass or divide between head of Chinook Creek and head of Klickitat Creek, east of Mount Rainier. (60) Cny m,e Rn11hl. A rapid In Colum bla River, 3 miles below the mouth or Sanpoll River, in Ferry and Lincoln counties. (31) Cee,U Creek. A tributary or Sinlal1ekln Creek, Crom the west, south of Loomis, in no,·th central Okanogan County. (1) Cetlor Creek. A tributary of North Fork of Lewis River, entel'lng the latter at Etna post office In northwestern Clarke County. (1) Ce1lnr Cr eek. A small trlbuta,·y of Chehalis River, from the east, near Oakville, In southeastern Grays Harbor County. (1) Cedur Creek. A small stream entering the sea, 6 miles south of Hoh Head, In western Jen:erson County. (19) Cednr Creek. A small tributary or Summit Creek, at Jacroux Mill, h1 north central Klickitat County. (37) Cetlul' Creek, An eastern tributary oC Hamilton Creek, nol'lhwesl of Cascadea, in southwestern Skamanht County. (53) Cedar F olh,. A town on the C. 1\11. & St. P. R)·., 30 miles east of Seattle, In central King County; elevation, 930 feet. (Formerly Moncton.) (1) Cetlnrhu-.,.. t. A post office on the no1·lhwest i:;hore of Vashon Island, In west central King County. (4) Cedar Luke, A lake aboul 3¥.i miles long, on Cedar River, 3 miles south east of Cedar Falls, in east central K ing County; elevation, 1,558 feet. (1) Cetlnr 1\lountnlu . A station on the C. l\f. & St. P. Ry. . 20 miles southeast o! Seattle, In west central King County; elevation, 195 feet. (4) Cedar Jll'l'el'. A stream heading on the Cascade Ceuten'111e. A town on the S. P. & S. Ry. (Goldendale Branch). 6 miles southwest or Goldendale. In south central I(lfckltat County; eleva tion, 1,686 feet. (1) Centrnl, A station on the B. & N . Ry. (C. M. & St. P. R}'.), 13 miles northeast or Bellingham, In west central Whatcom County; eleva tion, 134 feet. (4) Cenunl Ferry. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 16 miles east of Rlparla, In southwestern Whitman County. (4) Cenirnl J\'erry. A (ern• on Columbia River, 3 miles below Brewster, In northwestern Douglas County. (61) Centrnlln. This city lies In the valleys of the Chehalis and Skookum chuck rivers, In the northwestern part of Lewis County. Its altitude is 184 feet. lb has excellent transportation facilities, being sel'ved by several trunk lines, and by the South Bend and Graya Harbor branches. It has ttve saw mlUs, three shingle mills, a porch column tactory. cigar factory, furniture factory, sash and door factory, glove factory, a brick and tile plo.nt, and two foundries. It has an electric car system. which connects It with Chehalis. Coal mlnlng, dairying, agriculture, and lumbering are the occupations of the tril.rntao• region. The population In 1910 was 7,311. (1) Cero. A station on the N. P. Ry., 11 miles weat or Chehall,i, In west central Lewis County: elevation, 232 !eet. Cl) Chutn Lnk.e. A lake 1 I,(, miles long, at Camden. In south central Pend Oreille County. (4-) Clrntr Peak. A peak 4 miles northwest of Snoqualmie Pass, In east cen tral King County; elevation, about 6,300 feet. (74) Chtunber11. A station on the N. P. Ry., 7 miles south or Pullman, in southeastern Whitman County; elevation, 2,573 !eet. (4) ClrnmlterN Creek. A small stream entering Puget Sound from the east, southwest of Tacoma, In no,·tbwestern Pierce County. (25) ChnmberH Luke. A lake 1¥., miles long, 4 miles southeast o! Olympia, In north central Thurston County. (26) Cb ruuher11 PraJrle. A prairie o! several square miles, southwest ot Saint Clair, In east central Thurston County. (45) Chllmokone. A village on Spokane River, 14 miles northwest or Rear dan, In northeastern Lincoln County. ('1) Chamokane Creek. A tributary of Spokane River, from the north, In south central Stevens County. (l) c1uun,,ton Creek. A southern tributary of Green River, 1 mile west of Hot Springs, In southeastern King County. (44) Chandler. A station on the N. P. Ry., about 12 miles below Prosser, In :Benton County; e levation. 535 feet. (G6) Change Creek. A small southern tributary of South Fork of Snoqualmie River, north of Cedar Lake, In east central King County. (44) Cha1>nrrtll Creek. A small western tributary of Klickitat River, north east of Mount Adams, In southwestern Yakima Count~·. (37) Chn1•lr•ln Luke, A lake 1 mile long, about 7 miles north of Sultan, In central Snohomish County. (4) Ohnpnrnn Creek. A tributary of the Columbia, from the north, wesl of Roosevelt, in southeastern Klickitat County. (39) 96 Bulletin Xo. 17, Jf' ashington Geological Snrvey Cbnrd. A station on the line or the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co.. 15 miles west or Pomeroy. in northwestern Garfield County; elevation, 1.180 feet. (4) Cburle1< J~ork. One of the small branches o! Asotin Creek. in Asotin County: (1) Clrnrle"' h1and. A small Island near the southern shore of Lo1>e~ Island, south of Richardson, in south central San juan County. (6) ChnrJe ,c Poln L A point on the north shore or Stuart Islancl, in north western San juan County. (6) Cltnrle,..ton. A town near the heacl of Port Orchard Inlet, in south cen tral Kitsap County. ( 1) Chnrle y 0-reek. A tributary o( Clallam River, from the west. ente1·ing about 2 miles above the mouth ot the tatter, In northwestern Clallam County. (19) Churley Creek. A tributary of Green River, from the south, near Eagle Gorge, In southeastern King Count y. (44) · Chnrlle,c Creek. A small stream entering Grays Harbor from t11e south east, at West .Aberdeen, In southwestern Grays Harbor County. (54) Chnttnro). A station on the G. N. Ry., 1S miles north of Spokane, In north central Spokane County; e levation, 1,800 feet. (]) Chnutnucaun. A village on the east shore of Vashon Island. 2¥.i miles north of Burton, In southwestern King County. (SO) Chetu1lb,. The county seat of Lewis County. located in the northwestern part. at the junction of the Newn.ukum and Chehalis rivers. rts alt1tutle Is 188 feet. 1t Is served by the N. I'., C. N., and 0.-W. rail ways, and by trolley with Centralia. It has a number of turning. molding all(l wood working p lants, a milk condensery, a furniture factory. a door factory. several saw and shingle mills, a powder 1>lant, two machine shops, a brick and tile plant. reed mills, ancl a creamery. Coal mining, lumlberlng, dairying and general agricul ture occupy the surrounding region. The population in 1910 was 4,507. (1) C heht1J111 Creek. A small noi·thern tributary ot Chehalis River, neat· Porter, in southeastern Crays Barbor County. Cl) ChehtlllN JncJJno R e1 Ch e lun County. This county Iles ln north central Washington. The area ls 2,900 square miles. The topography is mountainous and rolling. The temperalU1·e ls variable, with a mean annual of 48° F. The annual rainfall ls generally under 16 Inches; the precipitation ln the western or mon mountainous section Is considerably higher. Chelan ls an Indian word meaning "deep water." The county had 22,129 inhabitants on July 1, J 916, according to the estimate of the Census Bureau. Apple growing Is the greatest industry of the county, with general !arming, dairying, lumbering and mining as 1nlnor Industries. Wenatchee, the ,county seat, ls the most hnpor tant town. Other towns are Leavenworth, Cashmere, Chelan, Lake- side, Entiat, and Peshastin. · Clte tan Falls. Falls in Chelan River, 1 mile above Its confluence with Columbia River, In east cent1·al Chelan County. In one mile the river has a d1·op ot 235 feet. (4) Ctu,lnn Fall >< . A town on the G. N. Ry., at the junction of Chelan and Columbia rivers, 37 miles north ot ,venatchee. in east central Chelan County; elevation, 737 feet. (2) Chelno, Lake. A lake 48 miles long, with an average width ot one mlle, and maximum depth o! 1,500 feet, In northeastern Chelan County; elevation ot surface, 1,079 feet. (7G) Chelan Jlountnhu,. A spur of the Cascades, between Lake Chelan and Entiat River, and south of Railroad Creek, in central Chelan County; maximum elevation, 8,600 teet. · (76) Cltelnn Nntlonnl Forelilt. A forest on the eastern slo1>es of the C1u1cades, In Chelan County, embracing 677,389 acres. The office of the Super visor Is at Chelan. (l) Cltelnn River. A river 4 miles long, the outlet of Lake Chelan, tribu tary of Columbia River, in east central Chelan County. From the level of the lake to the level of the Columbia there Is a Oescent o! 399 reet. C1) Cheney. A town located in the southwestern part of Spoknne County. The altitude Is 2,336 feet. It is on 1the lines of the N. :P., S. P. & S .. 0.-W. R. R & N. Co., and W. W. P. Co. It has a flouring mill and a brick yard. It Is an educational and agricultural center. One or the State Normal schools ls located here. The town had a popula tion or 1,207 In 1910. Cheney .Jun ction. A station on the W. W. P. Co. Ry.. 6 ¥.. miles east ot Medical Lake, In west central Spoknne County; elevation. 2,392 feet. Chenol,c Creek. A >1tatlon on the N. P. Ry., 6¥., miles northwest of Ho quiam, In southwestern Grays Hat·bor County. (60) Chen olN Creek. A small tidal stream entering North Bay from ihe nol'theast, In southwestern Gray>1 Barbor County. (60) CltennlN Fall... Falls on Chenuis Creek, near lts mouth, 5 miles below the end of Carbon Glacier, in east central Pierce County. (69) Ch e nuts LnkeN. Small lakes at the head of Chenuis Creek, about 9 miles northwe>1t of Mount Ralnle1·, in east central Pierce County. (69) Chentillil Mo,mtnln, The divide between Chenuls Creek and upper Car bon Rivel', northwest of Mount .Rainier, In east central Pierce County. (69) Cherokee. A station on the G. N. Ry., 8 miles north or Okanogan, in central Okanogan County; elevation, 854 feet Cherry Oreek. A tdbutary of Yakima River, !I-om the north, near Thrall, in ea1,1t central Kittitas County. (l) -4 98 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey Ch e rry Creek . An eastern tribut.a.ry of Snoqualmie River, near Duvall, in north central King County. (21) Chen:,- VuUey. A village on Snoqualmie River, 9 miles south of Monroe, in northwestern King County. (4) Che11nw. A town about 7 miles southeast of Molson, In northeastern Okanogan County; e levation, 2,9l0 feet. (1) Ctui,iter. A town on the line of the O.·W. R.R. & N. Co., 11 miles south east of Spokane, in central Spokane County; elevaUon, 2,012 feet. (1) Cbe tlo Hnrbor. A town on the southeast shore of ,Villa.pa Bay, near the mouth of Nasel River, in southwestern Pacific County. (1) Cheviot. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 19 miles southeast of Ell lensburg, in southeastern Kittitas County; elevation, 2,164 feet. (4) Chewue k Cr eek. The principal northeastern headwater of Methow River, north of Winthrop, in northwestern Okanogan County. (1) Ch ewetuh. A town on the G. N. Ry., 23 miles south of Colville, in central Stevens County; elevation, 1,669 feet. (1) Cbe welt1b Creek. A tributary of Colville River, from the northeast, at Chewelah, In central Stevens County. (1) Chewe luh IUountuJn . A mountain a.bout 7 miles east of Chewelah, in centt·al Stevens County; elevation, 6,748 feet. (29) Chen11lkeu Creek. An eastern tributary of Okanogan River, 5 miles south of Tonasket, in central Okanogan County. (1) (;hewlltke •t V1tlley. A valle~· at the head ot Chewiliken Creek, In east central Okanogan County. (62) Ch lbnlulet,1 RockH. Rocky IRlets near the beach, 3 mllea eaat of Cape Flatte1·y, in northwestern Clallam Count~·. (5) Chlckernrnn Creek. A tributary of Cblwl\wa Creek, ln central Chelan County. (47) Ohlco, A post omce on the wesl shore of DYe.'l Inlet, In central Kitsap County. (4) Ch lllwellt Creek. A western tributary of Okanogan :River, south o! Ma lott, in south central Okanogan Count~·. ( 1 ) Ohlllowh,t. A atatlon on the G. N. Ry., 5 miles south of Okanogan, In south central Okanogan County; elevation. 828 feet. Chlmncum. A town about 9 miles south of Po1·t Townsend, Jn north· easte,·n Jefferson County. (1) Ohhnncum Creek. A stream entering Port Townsend Harbor. from the south, at Irondale, In nol'theastern .Jel't'.erson County. (19) Ch imney Rock. A peak on the Cascade clivide. at the head of Middle Fork of Snoqualmie River, 3 miles south o! Dutch Mille,· Gap; eleva tion, 7,727 feet. (72) Chinn Cu1••1• nu,,111. A rapid in Columbia River, 4 miles below the mouth of Spokane River. in Ferry and Lincoln counties. (31) Chtun c ..ee k. A small eastern t1·ibuta1·y of Hanaford Creek, at Cen tralia, In northeastern Lewis Countr. (45) Chluo m Point. A point on the east sho1·e of Hoocl Canal, in south weste1·n Kitsap County. (5) Chinook. A town on the north bank of Columbia River, ancl on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co.. 5 * mites northwest of Megler, in sou tl1- western :Pacific County. (l) Chinook Oreek. An eastern headwater o! Ohanapecol'lh River, heading on the Cascade summit, east of Mount Rainier. (69) i1 Geographic Dictionary of Jrat hington 99 Chinook Pn""· A pass on the Cascade summit, between headwaters oC American and Ohanapecoab rivers. In Pierce and Yakima. counties. (69). Chluook Point. A point on the north shore or Columbia. River, near the town of Chinook, In southwestern Pacitlc County. (9) Chlnook River. A small tributary or Columbia River, near the town ot Chinook, in southwestern Pacific County. (27) Cblwnuknm. A station on the G. N. Ry., 11 miles west o! Leavenworth, In south central Chelan County; elevation, l,815 feet. {47) Ch lwnnknm Creek. A western tributary, entering Wenatchee River tll Chlwaukum, In southwestern Chelan County. (47) Cltlwnukmn C reek, S outh F ork. The principal tributary of Chiwa.ukum Creek, ha southwestern Chelan County. (47) Ohlwnwn Creek. An important tributary o( ,venatchee River, rising on the summit or tile Cascades and emptying 4 miles below the mouth ot Lake Wenatchee, In central Chelan County. (47) Chlwnwn Mountnln. A peak on the Cascade summit, at the heat! or Chlwawa. Creek, west ot the north end of Lake Chelan; elevation, S,300 feet. (76) Cho11nk11. A town on the G. N. Ry., near the lntea·natlonal boundary, 21 miles northwest of Oroville, in north central Okanogan County. elevation, 1,181 reel. (1) Chop11kn Creek. A stream connecting Chopaka Lake with Slnlahekln Creek, In north central Okanogan County. (48) Cho1mkn Lnke. A lake 1¥.z miles long, 4 miles southwest oC Nighthawk, in north central Okanogan County. (48) Cho1111kn )lonntnln. A mountain ridge northwest of Palmer Lake, in north central Okanogan Count)·: maximum elevation, 7,Sill feet. (0) ChrlHtlnnNou. A station on the G. N. Ry., 30 miles north or Spokane, In north central Spokane County. Ch~IHtle, Uouut. A mountain on the heuclwate1·s of Quine.ult River, southeast of Mount Olympus, In central Jet'l'erson County; elevation. 7,100 feet. (19) C hrl,.t:Jne I•'nll11. Falls on Van Trump Creek, northeast o! Longmire, in soutlleastern Pierce County. (09) Chrlstmn>< c.... -ek . A tributary oC Cleanva.ter Rive,·. Crom the north. about IO miles above Clearwater J>ost office. In western Jetterson County. (19) Chrl8t011her. A station on the ~- l'. }l.y., 20 miles south o! Seattle, in southwestern King County; elevation, 64 feet. (4) Chuekunnt Bny. A small embayment on the east shore of Bellingham Bay, south of Bellingham, In rsouthwestern Whatcom Count~·. (5) Cbucknnut l> Cicero. A town on the N. P . Ry., 8 miles east ot Arlington, In north central Snohomish County; elevation, 143 feet. Cl) Clnuubnr Creek. A tributary of lower Tilton River, from the north, In central Lewis County. (46) Clrel e, A 1:1tation on the G. N. Ry., 14 miles northeast of Oroville, in northeastern Okanogan County; elevation, 2,571 Ceet. (4) Circle Creek. A small upper tributary of Sulattle River, from the south, In northeastern Snohomish County. (52) Ctrc)tul L11ke, A small lake 7 miles east of Chmus Pass, in west central Yakima County. (37) Ob,pu... A post office near Cowlitz River, about 14 miles southeast of Morton, In south central Lewis County. Cl) Ch111u11 Pnl!II, A pass on the Cascade divide, about 20 m iles north of Mount Adams, at headwaters of Cispus ancl Klickitat rivers; eleva tion, 6,473 feet. (37) 0 1111111,c Rh•er. An important southern tributary of Cowlitz River. in southeastern Lewis County. (1) CIHJ'"" Rh•e r, !Uuiltly Fork. A. tl'ibutary of Cispus River, heading on the no1·th slope of Mount Adams, i n Skamania and Yakima counties. (1) ClHPUM Rh·er, Sou th Fork. A southern headwater of Cispus River. in northeaste,·n Skamania County. (1) Clnllnnt Duy. A town on the east shore of Clallam Bay, In northwestern Clallam County. (19) Clnlln»t Doy. An Indentation about 2 miles long by 1 mile wide, on the coast, 26 miles east of Cape l<'latterY, In northwestern Clallam County. (5) Clullnm County. This county is situated south o( the Strait of Juan cle Fuca and borders on the Pacific Ocean. Its area is 1,726 square miles. The larger part of the county has a rugged and mountainous topography. The mean annual temperature averages about 47° P., and the annual range Is about 20° F. The annual rainfall avel'3.ge for the county Is near 50 Inches, although parts of the county vary from 120 to 20 inches. The name Clallam is an Indian word for "strong people." The population, as estimated by the Census Bu reau, was 7,479 on July l, 1916. Lumbering and fishing are the Im portant Industries. Port Angeles is the county seat and the largest town. Other towns are Forks. Sequim. Dungeness, and Neah Bay. Clt•Jlnm Point. A sandy point at the west side of the entrance lo Port Discovery Bay, about 9 miles west of Port Townsend. (5) Clnllum Rh·er. A t·lver entel'ing Clallam Bay from the nortl,, in north western Clallam Count~·. (19) Clnrk. A post offlce on Columbia. River, 16 miles no1·th of ,vllbur, ln northwestern Lincoln County. (1) Olurk Fork, Thl.s river lrave1·ses a part or Montana. northern Idaho. ancl the northeastern part of Washington, flowing northward In its course thl'Ough this state. Tl rises In the Silverbow Moun tains of Montana and empties Into Columbia River very near the Canacllan border. Its ap1>roximate length is 420 miles and its drain age ::irea totals 25,800 square mlle,i. lt has many small creeks, bul few Important streams, as tributaries. The1·e are no important tribut aries in 'i:Vashington. At Newport it has an avera,ge yearly run-orr of 17,500,000 acre-feet . The river makes a descent o! 684 feet from Newport to its mouth. A Geographic Dicti-Onary of W a.,hington 101 Olnrk lNluml. An island In Washington Sound, l ',/~ miles northeast of Orcas Island, In northeastern San Juan County. (6) Clork P eak. A peak about 11 miles northwest oC Conconuli)', In central Okanogan County; e levation, 7,900 feel. (48) CJu rk Point. A point al the no1·th end of Guemes Island, In northwest ern Skaglt County. (6) Clnrke Conu1y. This county bol'ders on Columbia River and ts In the southwestern part or the state. lt l1as an area or 634 square miles The topography ol nearly all of the county Is gentle and rolling. The temperature of the district has an annual average of near 40° F. and a range ot less than 25° F. The rainfall Is generally near 40 Inches. The Census Bureau estimated that the population was 34,098 on July 1, 1916. The principal Industries are lumber ing, dairying, diversified !arming, and fruit growing. Vancouver, the county seat; Camas, Washougal, Yacolt, Battle Ground, Ridgefield, La Center, and Orchards are the prlnclpal towns. Cl11rk•to11. A town In the extreme no1·U1eastern part of Asotin County, on the west bank of Snake River. The altitude Is S25 feet. It is connected with Lewiston. Idaho, by a suspension bridge, and the N. P. Ry. and lhe line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co. are less than a mile away. It acts as a shipping center for the surrounding terri tory, which Is occupied tn grain culture, and In fruit and s t ock rais ing. It has a box factory, sash ancl door factory, canneries and fruit packing houses. The town had a population of 1,257 In 1910. and was the largest town In the coun ty. C huuJlc, A post office on the west side of Holmes Harbor, Whldbey Island, In Island County. (4) C lay City , A station on the Tacoma Eastern Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 28 miles southeast of Tacoma, In central Pierce County; elevation, 630 feet. (1) C lny tou. A town on the G. N. Ry.. 32 miles northwest of Spokane, In southeastern Stevens County; elevation, 2,266 feet. (1) Cle arbrook. A town on lhe B. & N. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 21 mlles northeast of Bellingham, In north central Whatcom Cou nty: eleva tion, 67 feet. (1) Olenr Creek. A northeastern tribu tary of Muddy River, east or Mount St. Helens, In central Skamania Cou:nty. (1) Clear Creek. A western tributary of Sauk River. above Darrington, In north central Snohomish County. Cl) Clenr Creek. A southern tributary of Palouse River, east of Colfax, In east central Whitman County. (67) Cl ear Creek. A northern headwater of North Fork of Tieton River, heading In White Pass, in west central Yakima County. (38) Clenr F ork, Cowlitz Rlve_r, An upper headwater of Cowlitz River, from the south, In east central Lewis County. (38) Clear Lake. A small ox-bow lake on the left bank of Yakima River, about 6 miles above its mouth, In east cent1·al Benton County. (63) Cl enr Lake. A small lake about 5 miles north oC Eatonville, in south central Pierce County. (25) Clenr Luke, A town on the N. P. Ry.. 4 miles south of Sedro Woolley, in central Skagit County; elevation, 44 feet. Cl) Cle ar Lnke. A lake 1 mile long. 3 miles :south of Seclro Woolley, In west central Skagit County. (58) lOi BuUetin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey Clear L11ke. A lal Clift Point. A point on tbe north shore ot Columbia River, west of Knappton, In southwestern Pacific County. (9) cum,. A town on Columbia. River and the S. P. & S. Ry., in south cen tral Klickitat County; elevation, 179 teet. (1) Clifton. A village at the head of Hood Canal, In northeaster n Mason County. (1) Cllltou. A station on t11e S. & I. E. Ry. . about 1 mile south of Waverly, In southeastern Spokane County; elevation, 2,446 feet. Climax. A station on the N. P. Ry., 19 miles northwest o! ·waua Walla, In central Walla Walla County; elevation, 1,148 feet. (4) Cline. A station on the G. N. Ry., 2 miles north of Springdale, in south central Stevens County. Clinton. A to\\•n opposite Everett, on the eastern shore or Whldbey Island, In southeastern Island County. (1) Cltppe-r. A station on the Coal il1ountoha , A mountain ridge east of upper Day C1·eek, near Day Lake, In south cent1·al Skagit County; elevation, 4,317 feet. (77) Couts Lun,Ung. A village on Wishkah River, about 5 miles north of Aberdeen, in central Grays Harbor County. (54) Coberly Cunyon. A canyon about 7 miles long, extending from the plateau near Waterville to the Columbia at 01·ondo, in western Douglas County. (46) Cobey Creek, A tributary of West Fork of Sanpoil River, from the no1·th, in east cenll·al Okanogan Coimty. (71) Cotree,,ot Luke. A small lake on Lake Creek, northeast of Odessa, ln central Lincoln County. (1) c omn, lllonut. A hill on the north bank of Columbia R iver, about 5 miles below the mouth or Cowlitz River, in southwestern Cowlitz County; elevation, 240 feet. (11) CohnHMet. A tow n on the sea. coast, 2 miles south of Westport, in south western Grays Harbo1· County. (4) Cobrui8et. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 3 miles northwest of Beverly, In soulheastem Kittitas County; e levation, 770 feet. (4) Coh1111,..et ltoplds, Rapids in Columbia R iver, about S miles above Bev erly, in Grant and Kittitas counties. (31) Coke Creek, A tributary of Hoko River, entering 2 miles above the mouth of the latter, In northwestern Cla llam County. (19) Cokedule Juoc: ttou. A station o n the G. N. Ry., 3 m iles east of Sedro Woolley, in central Skagit County; elevation. 68 feet. (4) Coker. A station on the N. P. Ry., 3 miles northeast of Rltzvllle, ln north central Adams County. (96) Colbert, A post office on the G. N. Ry., 1'I miles north of Spokane, in north centl'a.1 Spokane Cot1nty; elevation, 1,823 feet. (Dean Station.) (1) Colby. A post office on the west shore of Puget Sou nd, opposite Blake Island, In southeaster n KitS8.JP Cot1nty. (4) Cold Btt81Jt, A basin at the head of a western tributary of H1.1ckleberry Creek. nonheast o! Mou11t Rainie r , in east centra l Ple1·ce Count y. (69) Co ld Creek . An intermittent stream. heading in the high hills In the northeastern par t of Yakima Cou nty, ancl entering the Yakima at The Horn, In Bent on County; sometimes called Rattlesnake Creek. (63) C'ohl Creek. A tributary of Gol Cottnx. The county seat of "Whitman County, located in the central part, on Palouse River. The elevation Is 1,966 feet. It ls served by the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co. and the S. & I. E . .Ry. Among the Indus tries are quanles and machine shops, a sash and door factory, a tlourh,g mill and a foundry. The surrounding counu-y is occupied In grain g1·owlng, dairying and stock raising. The population In 1910 was 2,783. Colletta. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., about 18 miles east of Beverly, In southern Grant County; elevation, 030 feet. (70) ColllnN. A town on the S. P. & S. Ry., 8 miles east of Stevenson. In south central Skamania County; elevation , 98 feet. (4) Collln,c C re ek. A small northern t ributary of Columbia River. 2 mHes east of Home Valley, in south central Skamania County. (53) Co loc ll um Cr eek. An Intermittent st,-eam, a tributary of Columbia. River, In the southeastern corner of Chelan County. (55) Colonel Bob Mountulu. A mountain 8 miles east of Qulnault post office, In northeastern Grays Barbor Count)•; elevation, 4,500 feet. (19) Colonnude, A cliff of rock on the south side of lower South Mowlch Glacier. In east central Pierce County. (69) C olton. A town on the N. P. Ry., 15 m Iles south of Pullman, In south eastern ,vhitman County; elevation, 2,564 feet. (1) Colombln. A stalion on the B. & N. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 7 miles southea!it of Sumas, In north central Whatcom County; elevation, 546 feet. ( 4) C olombl1t County . This county is In the southeastern part of the state, south o! Snake River and adjacent to Oregon. It ha.a an area of 858 square miles. The greater part of the country is rolling, only the southern part having a rough topography. The mean annual temperature Is 53° F., and the range ls generally less than 40° F . The annual rainfall is about 23 lnct,ee. The raising of stock, f1•ult and grain constitutes the Industry of the county. Da)•ton. the county seat, Starbuck, and Hun tsville al'e the pl'inclpal tow-ns. Columhln Crut. Tlte highest point on Mount Rainier; elevation, 14,408 feet. (69) Co lumbia, Fort. A fort on the north bank of Columbia. River, and on the line of the 0.-W . R. R. & N. Co.. 4 m iles west of Megler, In southwestern Pacltlc Count~,. (4) Columblu Jndhtu Re,.ervotlon11, A number of scattered Indian allot ments, north o! Lake Chelan and w est of Okanogan River, wllh a total of 22, 618 acres. (1) Co lumh ln N'ntlounl ForeNt, A forest In the southern Cascades, near Co lumbia River. containing 776,480 acres. It Is located In Cowlitz, Klickitat, Lewis, Skamania. and Yakima cou nties. The office of the supervisor Is at Portland, Oregon. (1) Co lumhln P enk. A peak 2 miles sou theast of Monte Cristo, In south eastern Snohomish Cou nty; e levation, 7,134 feet. (72) <'olumbln Rh•er. This river rises In British Columbia, crosses the state of Washington. and forms part of the boundary line between that state and Oregon. Its head Is at Columbia Lake, in British Col um bia; Its mouth Is In the Paclllc Ocean, al the 46th para1lel of lati tude. The length of the stream !111 Washington Is HG mUes. It d rains 48,000 squ a re miles, or 73 per cent. ot Wash ington. The en tire drainage Is estimated at 259,000 square miles. T his area in· e ludes portions ot six states and British Col umbla. The prlnclpa.l 106 Bulletin No . 17, Washington Geological 811,rvey Washington tributaries from west and no,·th are Kettle, Sanpoll. Okanogan, Metbow, Chelan, Entiat, Wenatchee, Yakima, Klickitat, WhJte Salmon, Lewis, Kalama, and Cowllt7. rivers. Those entering from the east and south are Clark Fo,·k, Colville, Spokane, Snake. and Walin Walla rivers. The Columbia In Washington Is navigable tor 640 miles. The elevation ot the stream, where It enters the state Is 1,350 feet. The head of tide Is between Cascades and Edge water, in southwestern Skamania County. At The Dalles the yeal'ly average run-of!'. of the Columbia ls 139,000.000 acre feet. (1) Col umbia Riv er Stntlou. A town on Columbia River and the G. N. Ry., 16 miles east of Wenatchee, in southern Douglas County; elevation, 606 feet. (1) Colville . The county seat of Stevens County, located near the centt·al part, on the G. N. Ry. It has: an altitude of 1,579 feet. It contains a creamery, flouring mill, and a saw mill. The town serves as a trade center for a mining, lumbering and fru it raising section. The population in 1910 was 1.612. (1) Coh·UJe lntlhm Ue MerYntlon. A large reservation In the southern part of Ferry County and the southeastern portion of Okanogan County, embracing a total of 1,347,089 acres of allotted and unallotted lands. The Indian population under Federal s upervision on June 30, 1915. was 2,468. (1) Co l v ille lsl nud. A small Island southwest of Point Colville, near the southeastern shore o! Lopez Island. In southeastern San Juan County. (6) ColYllle Lnke. A local enlargem.ent of Cow Creek, six miles long, on the border line between Adams and Lincoln counties, between the towns of Sprague and Keystone. (1) Colvllle ;uouutnln. A mountain about 8 miles no1·theast of Colville, In central Stevens County; elevation. 5.667 feet. (Also known as Old Dominion Mountain.) (20) Colvlllc Nntlounl ForeNt. A forest located in the Okanogan Highlands. between Columbia and Okanogan rivers, in Ferry, Okanogan and Stevens counties. It con ta ins 756.395 acres. The office of the super visor Is at Republic. (1) ColvtUe, l'oln t. A point at the southeast end of Lopez Island. in south eastern San Juan County. (6) Coh·IUe Rh·e r. A 1,orthwarcl flowing river of central Stevens County, joining Columbia River at Kettle Falls. (1) Coh·o... A village on the northwest shore of Vashon Island. in west cenlral King County. (4) Coh·o" Pu.... oge. A channel between Vashon island and the mainland on the west. In K ing, Kitsap ana P ierce counties. Comnn . A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 5 m iles west of Oakesdale, In nor·th central Whitman Cou nty: elevation. 2,428 feet. Comet FnllM. Falls on the western headwaters of Van Trump Creek, on the sou th slope of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce Counly. (69) Commnnd, Poi nt. A point on the west side of Colvos Passage, in south eastern Kitsap County. (5) Commencement B n :,-. An embayment on Puget Sound. at the mouth of Puyallup River, at Tacoma. In northwestern Pierce County. (8) Conunonwenlth Creek. A small tributar~· of South Fork of Snoqualmie River, at Snoqualmie Pass, In east central King County. (74) A Geographic Dictionary of Wa.~liington 107 Com1mn.,- Creek. A tributary of Stehektn River. entering 4 miles above the mouth ot the latter, 111 the nonh end or Cheh,n County. (76) Conboy, J, nke. A lake 3 miles south of Glenwood, in northwestern Klickitat County. (1) Conconully. A town about 15 miles northwest of Riverside, In central Okanogan Count)'; elevation, 2.358 feet. (1) ConconuJJy L nke. A lake 3 miles long, at Conconully, in central Okan ogan County; elevation, 2,287 feet. (4S) Concord. A station on the N. P. Ry., 5 miles southwest of Sprague, In southeastern Lincoln County. (96) Con crete. A town 0 11 the G. N. Ry., 23 miles east of Seclro Woolley. Jn central Skagit County: elevation. 194 feet. (1) Condont< Rnpl Coon Lnke. A small lake near Stehekln River. about 11 miles above its mouth, in the north end of Chelan County; elevation, 2,140 feet. (76) Coon Luke Cre ek. An eastern t1·lbutary of Stehekln Rivel', outlet of Coon Lake, about 10 m iles above the head of Lake Chelan, in north central Chelan County. (93) Coo1,er, A station on the N. P. Ry., 6 miles east of Arlington, In north central Snohomish County; elevation, llO feet. (5S) Coo11er .PoLn t. A point on the southern shore of Puget Sound, between .Budd and Eld Inlets, In north. central Thurston County. (26) ( ' 0011er .t'olnt. A point on the north shore of Columbia River, 2 miles below Eagle Clltt, In soulhea.stel'n Wahkiakum County. (10) Co11n t l><. A village near the mouth of Copalis River, In west central Grays Harbor County: elevation, 24 feet. (60) Co1111IIH Creek. A small stream entering the Pacific Ocean, from the northeast, in west centr·al Grays Harbor County. (]) Co11nll H Cl'OHNlug. A station on ithe N. P. Ry., 12 miles northwest of Hoquiam, In west central Grays Harbor County; elevation, 73 feet. (60) Co11t1IIH Rend, A headland on the sea coast, a.bout 7 miles south ot 1\'Iocllps, in west central Grays Harbor County. (5) CopnllH Rock. A small rook Island near the shore, about 7 miles south o! Moclips, In west central Grays Harbor County. (5) Co11luy Lnke. A small lake near the head of Clearwater River, In northeastern Pierce County. (44) Cop11el. A station on the N. P. Ry., 21 miles northeast o! Walla. Walla., in east central Walla Walla County; e le,,a.tlon, 1,631 feet. (4) Co1111el Creek. A souU1ern tribu tary of Touchet River, at Waitsburg, in east central Walla Walla. Cou,nty. (4) C:0111,er· Butte. A mountain In the Kettle River Range, 16 miles north east of Repu blic, in north central Ferry County; elevation, about 7.100 feet. (16) Co1111er Creek. A t ributary of Sanpoil River from the west, 6 miles be· low Republic, In west central Ferry County. (1) Co1111er Creek. A small northern tributary of N lsqually River, about 6 miles east o! Ashford, In southeastern Pierce Cou nty. (4) C-OpJ•er Or&ek. A southern t ributary of American River, north of B ump Ing Lake, In northwestern Yakima County. (38) Co t>Pel' L11ke. A lake on West Fork of Foss River, near Skykomish, In northeastern King County. (72) Copper Lnke. A small lake at the head of Williamson Creek, 4 miles south of S ilverton, In centra l Snohomis h County; e levation, 3,227 feet. (77) Co1,per J, nke,.. Two small lakes west of Copper Mountain, 4 miles south west of Republic, In west central Ferry County. (71) Co111:1er Moun tuln. A mountain 3 mlles southwest o! Republic, In west central Ferry County; elevation, 4,446 feet. (71) Oo1111e r !llountnlu. A peak 2 miles nor thwest of Lake Cushman, in northwestern Mason County. (19) Copper l.louutnh•"· A range at the head of Silesia. Creek, northeast of Mount Shuksan, In north central Whatcom County. (40) Cord e ll. A station on the G. N. Ry., 5 miles sou th ot Oroville, In north central Okanogan County; e levation, 907 feet. .L Geographic Dictionary of JV ashingtou 109 l'oreo. A station on the O. N. Ry.. 15 miles ea11t oC Skykomish, in nol"thenstern King County; elevallon, 2,369 reet. Corru. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 24 miles east or Bever!)•. in southern Grant County: elevation, 760 reet. (l) Cormorunt rmum,ce. A channel bet\Veen I Cougar F'nll,i, F alls in Nickel Creek, southeast of MoU-nt Rainier, in northeastern Lewis County. (69) Coul','nr Gulclt. A gulch along a stream, tributary of \Villiams Creek, near Llbea·ly, in noa·th centra! Kittitas County. (78) Coup:nr Lnke. A lake on a headwater of Bumping River, southwest ot Bumping Lake, In west central Yakima County, (38) t ·ooii:nr ~l o unt11h1. A mountain 3 miles north of Maywood, In south eastern King County; e levation, 4,400 feet. (44) Co nlee Rend. An elbow In Columbia River, about 15 mfles above the mouth of Nespelem River. (:11) Coulee City , A town on the N. P. Ry. (Washington Central Branch), in northern Grant County; elevation, 1,684 feet. (1) Co ulee Creek. A weatern tributary of lower Deep Creek, near Nine mile Falls, In norlbwestern S1>okane County. (4) Coutee Junc tion. A junction on the N. P. Ry., 2 miles east of Coulee City, In northern Grant County; elevation, 1,728 feet. (4) Coulte r!'! Creek . A stream entering the head of Case Inlet, from the northeast, in Mason and Kitsap counties. (1) Co u,u,vUJ e. The county seat of Island County, situated in Its west cen tral part. It is served by daily boats from Seattle and Everett. It has a sa,v mill, and Is located in the center of a very fertile agricul tural region. The population in 1910 was 310. (1) Co ur>< e Cr eek. A small stream in the eastel'n pa.rt of Asotin County, joining the Snake about 10 miles below the mouth of the Grande Ronde. (1) Courtrig h t C reek, A t1·lbuta1·y of Clear Fork of Cowllli River, west of CowUtl<: Pass, in no1·theastern Lewis County. (20) c ,n ·ndn. A post office Oil Columbia River. in southeastern Ferry County. (1) Co , ·e. A post omce Oil the 11orthwest shore of Vai Cow Luke. A lake 1 mile long, 6 miles soulheast of Kenl, ht south western King County. (80) Cowemnn River. A ti·lbutary of Cowlltz River, from the east, In cen tral Cowlitz County. Cl) Cowlch e. A post olflce about 12 miles norU1 west of North Yakima, In north central Yakima County: elevation, 1,874 feet. (1) Cowlch e DnNlo. A semi-circular· ba:;ln between Cowlche Mountain and South Fork of Cowlche Cr·eek, below the confluence of South and Middle forks, in north central Yaktma County. (51) Cowlche Gr e ek. A western t r·ibutary of Naches River, west of Yakima, in north central Yakima County. (1) c owlc he Creek, lllhldle f'oTk. A middle headwater of Cowlche Creek. northwest of Tampico, In north central Yakima County. (51) (;owlche Creek, NoTtl, Fo-..k. A northern headwater ot Cowlche Creek, near Cowiche, in north central Yakima County. (l) Oowle he Creek, South Fork. A souther·n headwatel' of Cowiche Creek, northwest o! Tampico, in no1·th central Yakima County. (61) Cowlche :nountnln. The divide between Cowlche and Atauum creeks, west of Yakima, In north central Yakima County; maximum eleva tion. 4,300 feet. (51) Cowlitz Uoy. An embayment on the southwest shore of Waldron Islancl, north of Point Disney, In north central San J uan County. (6) ( 'owllbl CblmneyN, The divide between headwaters of Kotsuck ancl F rylngpan creeks, east of Mount Rainier; e levation, 7,607 feet. (69) Cowlitz C'lenver. A cl eaver ot· dlvicle between the heads ot Cowlitz and Nh1qually g-laclers, on the southeast s lo1>e of Mou nl Rainier. (69) Cowlitz County. The county Is In the southwestern part of the state. rt borders the Columbia and lies adjacent to Oregon. The total area Is l,153 s11ua1·e m iles. Valley« and rolling uplands dominate the topography. The eastern part Is mountainous. The mean annul\! temperature is about 46° F., and lhe annual range rarely exceetls 26° F. The annual rainfall Is generally about 55 Inch es. The county was named alter an Indian tribe. According to the Census Bureau. the estimated population oC the county was 15,506 on Juh· l , 1916. Lumbering is the greatest Industr y, w ith dairying and fishing next !rt Importance. Castle Rock Is the largest town and Kalama ls the county seat. Othet· towns are Kelso, Woodland, Al·iel and Silver Lake. (1) ('owlltz Divide. The divide between upper Muddy Fork of Cowlitz River and Ohanapecosh Rive,-. In Ple1·ce ancl Lewis counties. (69) Cowlitz Glncter. A large g lacier, about 5 miles long, on the southeafit crn slope of Mount Rainier. (69) Cowllta Junc tion. A juocUon on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., S m!les north of Morton, In central Lewis County. Cowlttr. l'nTk. A p ark northeast of the lower end of Cowlitz Glacier. southeast of Mounl Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County. (69) Cowutz Pru,s. A pass on the Cascade d ivide, about 20 m iles southeast of Mount Rainier, at headwaters of Summit Creek ancl North Fork of Tleton River: elevation, &.191 Ceet. (38) ll!t Bulletin No. 17, Wa shington Geological Survey t:owUt:< River. This river flows in a westerly and southerly direction through the southwestern parL of \Vashlngton. Its source ls al 1.he junction of two principal headwaters, about 14 miles southeast of Mount Rainier. It joins the Columbia near Kelso, In Cowllt:-. County. Il has an approximate length of 120 miles and drains an area of 2,4,60 square miles. The more important trlbutaries are Clspus, Toutle, Coweman, and Tilton rivers. It Is navigable for about ~O miles above its mouth. t:o w llb ltlver, i\lutldy Pork. The principal northern headwater of Cow litz River, heading on the southeastern s lopes of Mount Rainier, in Lewis and Pierce counties. (1) Cowlitz llock >1. Peaks on U10 clivicle between Cowlitr. and Paradlse glaciers, on the southeast s lope of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County; e levation, 7,457 feet. (69) Ooxo Rnpld,c. Rapids ln Snake R iver, 1h mile above Cla1·kston, In north eastern Asotin County. (36) Ooyle. A post omce on Hood Canal, at the south end of Toandos Penin sula , in eastern Jefl:erson County. (1) Coyote C nnyon. A canyon 6 miles long, about ~ miles southwest of Kennewick, In Benton County. (63) Coy ote Creek. A small western trlbuta,·y o! lower Pine Creek, near Roosevelt, In southeastern Klickitat County. (39) Coyote Creek, A norlhern tributary ot Columbia River, west of Nes pelem, in southeastern Okanogan Count)'. (1) Coyote llnpld. A rapid i.11 Columbia River, 9 ¥., miles above Bridgeport, In Douglas and Okanogan com1tles. (31) Coyote Rn{>lds. Rapids in Columbia R iver, 2Yi miles below Haven post office, In Benton and Grant counties. (65) (.;uyote Il0ck11. A mountain 10 miles east o! Clspus Pas,;, at the head of Klickitat River, in west centt·al Yakima County; elevation, 6,130 feet. (37) Crab Cl'eek. The outlet of Moses Lake, flowing south and th.en west, emptying into the Columbia al Beverly, In southern Grant County. (1) Cruh Luke. A lake about 6 m lles long, between the towns of ·wnson Creek ancl Krupp, ln east centt·al Grant County. (1) c .. nbopple Luke. A small lake 4 miles west of Stimson Crossing, ln northwestern Snohomish County. (5~) Cl'obt.ree. A station on U1e S. & I. E. R)'., 4 miles no?·th of Garfield, in J10rthwestern Whitman County; elevation, 2,534 feet. Craig. A station on the W. W. r . Co. Ry., 4 miles east of Medical Lake, In west cent1·al Spokane County; elevation, 2,390 feet. (4) Craige. A post office in the aoutheastern part of Asotin County, 3 miles from Snake River. (1) Cr,uner i\l o untn ln. A peak on the Cascade s ummit, about 20 miles south east of Mount Rainier, near Cowlitz Pass; elevation, a.bout 6,000 feet. (38) Crnuberry. A town on the ocean front, antl on the llne of the 0.-W . R. R. & N. Co., 6 'h miles north of Ilwaco, in west central Pacrnc County. (4) Cr1111 be rry Luke. A Jake 1 mile long, 5 miles northeast of Shelton, in central Mason County. (19) CTn,11berry Lnke. A small lake 3 miles west ot Stimson Crossing, in northwestern Snohomish County. (68) A Geogra71l1ic Dictionary of lV aohington 113 Cra_n_e I,i1lnnd. An Island In Washington Sound, between Orcas and Shaw Islands, west of West Sound, In cent ral San Juan County. (6) Crnter, A 11tatlon on the G. N. Ry., 21 m lies west of Ephrata, In western Grant County: elevation, 1,243 feet. (68) Crater Creek. A headwater ot North Pork or Cold Creek, In southwest ern Okanogan County. (56) Crnter Creek. An outlet or Crater Lake. emptying Into North M:owlch Rivet·, northwest of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce County. (69) C rnter Luke. A lake with a diameter Clf % mile, northwest of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce County; elevation, 4,929 feet. (69) Crate r I.nk.-. A lake at the head of Big Creek (tributary of Sulattle River), In southeastero Skagit Cou-nty; elevation, 4,960 !eet. (52) Crater LnkeH. Small lakes about O miles south of Oroville and west of Okanogan River, In north central Okanogan County. (62) Crnwfor,1. A post office on the N. P. Ry.. 19 miles northeast of Van couver, In central Clarke County. (27) Crawford Creek. An upper tributary o! Middle Fork of Snoqualmie Rive,·, in east central King Count}·. (72) Crowford Oreek. A southarn trlbulary of Little Muddy Creek. north east of Mount Adami.;, In southwestern Yakima Count)'. (37) Ornwtord Lnke. A small lake east of Lake Tapps, northeast or Sumne1·, in north central Pierce County. (SO) Cra..,. Rnpldlf. Rapids in Columbia River, about 9 miles above the mouth of Okanogan River, In Douglas and Okanogan counties. (61) Oreo,rnte. A. town at the south entrance to Eagle Harbor, Bainbridge Island, in east central Klts'.'-p County. (5) Cre.,eeut. A post office on the east bank of Cla.1·k Fork, a.bout 4 miles sou th of Tiger, In central Pend Oreille County. (l) Crei,eent Doy . A small bay on the coast, about 14 miles west of Port Angeles, In northern Clallam County. (5) Orocent Barbor. A bay on the east shore ot Whidbey Island. about 6 miles northeast of Coupeville. Island County. (5) Crueent, Lake. A lake roughly in the form ot a crescent, nearly 10 miles long. with an average width of 1 mile, In north central Clal lam County; elevation. 591 feet. (19) CreHce nt Lnke. A lake 1 Y.i miles northeast of the lower end of Carbon Olacier, north of Mou nt RalnlE'r, In east central Ple1·ce County; level ot waler, 5,6~2 feet. (69) Crt>•cc-nt ;uountnln. A ridge 1 ¥., mlles east oC the lower end of Carbon Glacier, In east central Pierce CounLy; elevation, 6,703 feet. (69) CreHM F11lt... Falls in upper Spukwush Creek, northeast ot the lower end of Carbon Glacier, in east centt·al Pierce County. (69) Crel!lt, A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 2 mlles west of Colfax, In central Whitman County; elevation, 2,280 feet. (4) CreHted Butte•. A mounta.ln at the head of Sultan River, southwest or Monte Cr i11to, In southeastern Snohomish County; elevat ion, 5,326 feet. (72) Oruton. A tow n on the N. P. Ry. (Washington Central Bra.nch), 23 miles norlhwest ot Davenport, In north central Lincoln County; elevation, 2,462 feet. (1) Oroek~r. A station 011 the N. P. Ry., 21 miles southeast of Tacoma, In central Pierce County; elevation, 289 feet. (4) 11-k Bulletin N o. 1?', Washitngton Geological Survey Croc ke r Lnke. A station on the N. P. Ry., 16¥.i miles soulh of Port Townsend, in northeastern Jefferson County. (4) Croc ker Lnke . A lake 1 mile long, 3¥.i miles south of the head of Port Discovery Bay, In northeastern Jefferson County. (19) Orocker. A smaU mining camp near the head of Bridge Creek, In the north end of Chelan Cou nty. (76) Oromwe ll, A post office on Hale Passage, opposite Fox Island, In north- western Pierce County. (4) • Crooked Fork. A tributary or Wenaha River, in southern GarOeld County. (23) Crooked Lnke. A take 2 miles long, about 12 miles west of Olympla, In west central Thurston County. (1) Ormcby. A post office 5 miles east of Holly, In southwestern Kitsap County. (4) Cro>1 bY i\lount nlu. A peak In the Cascades, 6 miles west of Skykomish, in northeastern King County; elevation, 5,533 feet. (72) Crow llut1e. A hill 211.i miles long, l mile wide, 400 feet high, on the bank of the Columbia, In the southwestern corner of Benton County. (43) Crow Creek. A weste1·n t rlbutary of Naches River, heading on the Cas cade divide, In northwestern Yakima County. (1) Crow Creek Lnk e, A small lake on uppei· Crow Creek, in northwestern Yakima County. (38) Crown Oreek. A small northern tribu tary of Columbia River, at Marble, In northwestern Stevens Cou nty. (1) Crown Point. A peak on the C=cade summit, east of Mount Rainier, on the Pierce-Yakima cou nty line; eleva.tion, 6.4 70 feet. (38) 0 Orum, A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 8 mile$ south east of Almota, ln south central Whitman County. CryJCtn l C-recl<:. An ea$tern tributary of upper White R lve1·, near the Cascade summit, In east central Pierce County. (69) Cry,ctnl Oreek, A small trlbuta,·y of Whltechuck River. from the north, in northeastern Snohomish County. (52) Cryktnl Lnke. A lake at the head of C1·ystal Creek. near the Cascade summit, northeast of Mount Rainier: elevation. 5,830 feet. (69) Cry,,tnl Luke . A lake 2 miles south of Maltby, in southwestern Sno homish County. (73) Ory 8tal l!Iountnln. A mountain east of Indian Henr ys Hunting Ground, on the sout hwest s lope of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County; elevation, 6,306 feet. (69) CPy,,.tnl Mountntn. A north-south ridge, east of upper Whlte River. northeast of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce County; eleva tion, 7,012 feet. (69) Cry8tnl St•r lng8. A po$t office on the west $hore of Bainbridge Island, In central Kitsap County. (4) Cu b Creek. The principal head or Hoko River. In western C lallam County. (19) Cul11n Creek, A small eastern headwater of Diamond Fork. east of Clspus Pass, in west central Yakima County. (37) Co1tu" Bny. A hay at t he sou ther n end of Whidbey Island, between Scatchet Read and Possession Point, at the south end of Island County. (6) A Geographic D ictionary of lVashington 115 Cumberluncl , A station on the N. P. and C. M. & St. P. railways, 6 miles no,·theast of Enumclaw, In south central King County; eleva tion, 869 feet. (1) Cmnbe rlnn,t C reek. A small tributary of Toroda Creek, south of Beaver Creek, in northeastern Okanogan County. (71) Cumberlund Creek. A small tributary of Skagit River, Crom the south, near Hamilton, In central Skagit Cou nty. (77) t'mnbe rlund Uonntnln. A mountain southwest of the confluence ot Toroda ancl Beaver creeks, In northeastern Okanogan County; ele vation, 3,8H feet. ( 71) CUJUmJn,;"', Point. A point on the west side of Hood Canal, at the mouth of Hamma Hamma River, In north central Mason County, (5) CuruiulnB, A post office about 8 miles south of Boundary, In northeast ern Steve11s County. (4) C nunlnich n m . A town In southwestern Adams County, on the N. P. Ry.; elevation, 1,174 feet. (1) C uunlng llmu Creek. A western tributary of Klickitat R iver, east or Mount Adams, In southwestern Yakima County. (37) Curlew. A town on the G. N. and S. & B. C. railways, 10 miles south oC Danville, in nol'th central Ferry County; elevation. 1,791 feet. (1) Curlew Creek, An outlet of Cur lew Lake, uniting with Kettle River at Curlew, In north central Ferry County. (71) Curlew Lnke. A station on the S. & B. C. Ry., 11 miles south of Curlew, In northern Ferry County. (4) Curlew Luke, A narrow lake about 4¥.i m iles Jong, at the head of Cur lew Creek, In northwestern Ferry- County; level of waler, 2,347 teet. (l) Curry . A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., l 'h m lles southeast of Connell, In north central Franklin County. (30) Cur,ry Gu1•. A gap between headwaters of Sauk and North Fork ot Skykomish rivers, about 6 miles east of Monte Cristo, in southeast ern Snohomish County. (72) C11,rtl 11. A post office about 11 miles southwest of Chehalis, In west cen tral Lewis County. (2) CnAhmnu Cre> Cu tt>< htuud. A small Island near the head of Carr Inlet, In northwest ern Pierce County. (8) c n,re,o, l ,drmd. An Island about 4- miles long, northwest of Anacortes, In northwestern Skagit County; maximum elevation, 1,530 feet. (1) Cypre8s Red. A reef near the north end ot Cypress Island, in north western Skagit County. (6) Dnl>op. A post office at the head ot Dabov Bay, Hooe! Canal, In north eastern Jefferson County. (1) Dubop Buy. A bay about 12 miles long, a part or Hood Canal. west ot Toandos Peninsula, in eastern Jefferson County. (1) Du.hlltt. A post office on Columbia River, 3 miles west of Brookfield, In southwestern Wahkiakum County. (4) Dulry Creek. A small western tributary o! Klickitat River, southeast of Mount Adams, In southwestern Yakima County. (37) Dutsy . A post ofllce on Columbia River, west of Addy, In west central Stevens County. (1) Dukotu Creek. A small stream entering Drayton Harbor, from the east, near Blaine. In northwestern Whatcom County. (1) Onleo l'u><> Dnrr. A post office 6 miles east ot Husum, In southwestern Klickitat County. (2) Onrr"lngton. A town on the N. P. Ry., 29 miles east of A1·llngton, In north central Snohomish County; elevation, 677 feet. (1) Onrt. A station on the G. N. Ry., 20 mfles north of Spokane, In north central Spokane County; elevation, 1,840 teet. oa.. 11 Point, A post office on the east shore of Puget Sound, north or Tacoma, in northwestern Pierce C o unty. (4) Dnve oport. The county seat of Lincoln County, located Jn the not·th central part. Il lies 2,409 feet above sea level. Jt is served by the Central Washington branch of the N. P . .Ry., an(! by a number or auto stage lines. There is a large flour mill and the town Is tribu tary to one of the greatest wheat producing sections of the state. The population In 1910 was 1,229. Onvt,lHon. A station on the S. & L E. Ry., 2 miles south of Oakesdale. In northeastern 'Whitman County; elevation, 2,466 feet. On-.•ln. A station on the N. P. Ry. (Snake River Branch), 13 miles west or Rlparla, In eastern Franklin County; elevation, 510 feel. Dn,•11< Dny. A bay on the southwe;,t shore of Lopez Island, at Richard son, In south central San Juan County. (6) On,1,i Creek. A tributary of Wesl Fork of Hoquiam River, from the northwest, near New London, in southwestern Grays Harbor County. (64) On,tts C reek. A tributary of Clark Fork, from the south, south ot Usk, In south central Pend Oreille County. (1) Drl''i>< Junction. A station on the I. & W. N. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 13 miles northwest of New1,ort, In south central Pend Orellle County; elevation, 2,068 feet. Onvl1< Luke . A small lake 4 mfles sout11east of Winthrop, in west cen tral Okanogan County. (66) Dn,·18 Lake, A small lake, 3 miles southwest of Dalkena, In south central Pend Oreille Cou nty. (4) Dn,•l" Mouutnln. A peak 4 miles west of Lewis Post office. In east central Lewis County; elevation, about 4,000 feet. (20) 011,•1,. Slough. A channel connecting Skagit Bay and Port Susan, in northwestern Snohomish County. (58) Dny Creek. A southern tributary of Skagit River, at Lyman, In west central Skagit County. (1) Ony hltwd. A small island in Puget Sound, at the south end of the Narrows, west of Tacoma, In northwestern Pierce County. (8) Duy lklnl\. A station on the N. P. Ry., 7 miles northwest of Arlington, In northwestern Skagit County; elevation, 204 feet. (58) Dnytoo. This town lies In the center of Columbia County and ls the county seat. Its altitude Is 1,615 feet. It Is served by a branch line of the N. P. Ry. and the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co. It has a flour and feed mill of large capacity. It Is the center for all exports from the county. The population In 1910 was 2,389. (1) Demi Cnnyon. A small canyon occupied by an Intermittent stream. en tering the Columbia, In the southwestern corner of :Benton County. (43) 118 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey Dentl Horse Creek. A small south ern tributary of North Fork of Nook sak River, 6 miles east of Glacier, in no1·th central ,vhatcom County. (40) Dendmao Duy. A small bay on the west shore of San Juan Island, south of Bellevue Point, In west central San Juan County (6) Dendmnn Creek. .A. stream In northeastern Ferry County, entering Kettle River from the west, 4 miles north of Marcus. (1) De mhunJ1 Cr eek. A tributary of Little Spokane River. from the east, near Mead, In north central Spokane County. (1) Deurunu1, Gn lch. The upper valley of Deadman C1·eek, In northeastern Garfield County. (67) Dend Mureh RnpldN. Rapids In Snake River, 4 miles below Clarkston, In Asotin and Whitman counties. (35) Deadwood Creek. A southern tributary of upper White River, heading on the Cascade summit, In east central Pierce County. (69) Deadwood L11kN1. Lakes at the head of Deadwood Creek, near the Cascade summit, no1·theast ol! Mount Rainier. (69) Denn. A town on the G. N. Ry., 14 m iles north of Spokane, In north central Spokane County; elevation, 1,823 feet. (Colbert post office.) (1) Denn hlruul , An Island about % mile long, In Snake River, 3* miles above its mout}\. (34) Decatur. A post office on the west sho1·e oI Decatur Island, in east central San Juan County. (4) D e catur H e ncJ. A headland on the east shore of Decatur lsland, in east central San J uan County. (6) D ecatur bland. An island Jn Washington Sound, between Lopez Island and Rosario Strait, in southeastern San Juan County; max imum elevation, 540 feet. (1) Deception Creek. A tribu tary of Tye River, f1·om the south, west of Scenic, in northeastern King County. (1) Deception bllilltl. A small island at tbe west end of Deception Pass, sou thwest of Fldalgo Island, In west central Skagit Cou nty. (6) Dece11tlon Pa88. A narrow channel separating 1Vhldbey and Fldalgo Islands, and connecting Skagit Bay with Rosa.rlo Strait. (5) Deep Or eek, A stream entering the Strait of J uan de Fuca, midway between the post offices of Pysht and Twin, In north cenll·al Clal lam County. (19) Deep Creek. An eastern tributary of Humptullps River, entering about 7 miles above the mouth of the latter, In west central Grays Har bor County. (60) Deep Creek. A tributary of Deep Lake, nea1· Cumberland, In south central King County. (44) Dee 11 Oreek, A tributary of lower Bunker Creek, from the north, west of Adna, in northwestern Lewis County. (27) D eep Creek, .A. western tributary of Spokane River, south of Ninemile Falls, In northwestern Spokane County. (4) Deev Oreek. A tributary of Little Spokane .River, from the northeast, southeast of Chattaroy, In north central Spokane County. (1) D e ep Cr eek. A town on the N . P. Ry. (Washington Central Branch), 5 miles northwest or Medical Lake, In west central Spokane County; elevation, 2,309 feet. (1) Deep Oreek. A tributary of Columbia River. from the southeast, at Northport, in northeastern Ste vens County. (1) A Geographic Dicti-onary of W a~hington 119 n eep Creek. An eastern trlbuta1·y of Xettle River, near the Interna tional line, in northwestern Stevens County. (29) Deep Creek. A tributary of Bumping Lake, from the south, in west central Yakima County. (1) Oee1• Creek Pon(!. A lake one mile long, on Deep Creek, in west central Grays Harbor County; elevation, 15'9 feet. (54) Oeep Lnke. A small lake 1 mile southwest ot Cumbe1·land, In south central King County. (44) D ee r• Lnke . A lake on Deep Ct·eek, southeast of Northport, In north eastern Stevens County. (1) Dee1> Rive r. A post office on Deep River, about 3 miles north of Colum bia River, In no1·tbwestern Wahkiakum County. (1) D eev River. A river of western 'Wahkiakum County, entering Grays Bay (Columbia River), from the no1·th. (27) Deepwate r Buy . A small bay on the southeast shore of Cypress Island, In northwestern Skagit County. (6) D eer Cre ek, .A small tributary of Kettle River, from the east, nea1· Cur lew, in north central Ferry County. (1) D eer Crc..-ek. An eastern tributary of upper Chinook Creek, east of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County. (69) Deer Creek. .An upper tributary of North Fork of Stilaguamlsh. River, from the north, in south central Skagit County. (1) Deer Creek. A tr-lbutary of South Fork of Stllaguamlsh River, from the north, near Silverton, in central Snohomish County. (77) Deer Creek, A lributan• of Little Sp,okane River. !rom the east, at Chattaroy, In north central Spokane County, (1) D eer C'reek. A western tributary of Colvllle River, west ot Gray. ln soulh central Stevens County. (1) De.-r Hurbor. A small bay on the north shore of Skookum Inlet, In southeastern Mason County. (5) D eer JJnrbor. A post office In southwestern Orcas lsland, on Deer Har bor, in central San Juan County. Cl) D eer J{urbor. An embayment on the southwest shore of Orcas Island, east of Steep Point, In central San Juan County. .(6) D eer I,np;oou. A lagoon at the head of Useless Bay, near the southern end or Whidbey Island, ln Island County. (5) D eer Luke . A small lake on the headwaters of Taylor Creek, north ot Suoqualmie Pa;u,, In northeastern Klng Count)•: elevation, 3,620 feet. (72) D eer Lake, A lake about 2 mlles long. 8 miles east ot Gray, in south eastern Stevens County. (1) D eer J'nrk. A town on the G. N. Ry.. 27 miles north of Spokane, In north central Spokane County; elevation, 2,118 feet. (1) D eer Point. A J)olnt on the southeast shore of Orcas Island, north ot Blakely Island, ln east central San Juan County. (6) D eer n11111tl. A raplcl in Columbia River, 10 miles below the Interna tional boundary, In north central Stevens County. (31) Dee r Slough. One of the mouths of Skagit River, emptying into Skagit Bay, In southwestem Skagit County. (68) D etlnuce. Mount. A mountain about S miles northeast of Cedar Lake, In east central KJng County; elevation, 6,590 feet. (44) Dellunce, Point. A point on Puget Sound, northwest of Tacoma, In northwestern Pierce Counn•. (1) UO Bulletin No. 17, W asliington Geological Survey Dege Peak. A peak 8 miles northeast of the lower end of Emmons Glacier, at the west end of Sunrise Ridge, In east central Pierce County; elevation, 7,006 feet. (69) OelubtU"e Creek, One of the principal headwaters of the Elwha, in cen tral Jefferso11 Cow1ty. (19) Dehmey. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 8 miles east of Starbuck, in northern Columbia County; elevation, 910 feet. ( 4) Deluno BencJ,. A village on the west shore of Carr Inlet, southeast of Lake Bay post office, Jn northwestern Pierce County. (8) De Lloni,, A station c,n the N. P. Ry., 1 ¥.l miles north of Qullcene, In nol'theastern Jetre1·son County. (4) Del :ll onte. A station on the S. &. J. E. Ry., 5 miles east of Spokane, In central Spokane County; elevation, 1,953 feet. Delphi. A post otnce about 3 miles southwest of Belmore, in west cen ll'al Thurston County. (4) Deh·lo. A post office in northeastern Douglas County, 33 miles north east of Mansfield. (4) Demlng. A town on the N. P. Ry., 16 miles south of Sumas, h1 west central Wh;~tcom County; elevation, 203 feet. (1) Demoek, Point. A point at the northwestern end of Camano Island, ln Island County. (5) DeJilHOu. A station on the G. N. Ry., 23 miles north of Spokane, In north central Spokane County; elevation, l,951 feet. (1) Denny. A station on the N. P. Ry., 18 miles southeast or Davenpot't, In east central Lincoln County. (4) Denny Cr eek, A small tributary of South Fork of Snoqualmie River, near Snoqualmie Pass, In east central King County. (74) De nny Mountain. A mountain 2 miles northwest of Snoqualmie Pass, In east central King County; elevation, about 6,100 feet. (74) D erby Cnuyon. A canyon and stream entering Wenatchee Valley trom the north, 4 miles below Leavenworth. (47) Desehutes Rl-ver. A river o! central and southeaste,·n Thurston County, entering Pug.et Sound at Olympia. (l) De.. ~Iolue,,, A. town on the east shore of Puget Sound, about 15 miles south of Seattle, In southwestern King County. (1) DeHmond. A station on the G. N. Ry., 14 miles north or Mt. Vernon, In northwestern Skagit County. (4) DeHtrnetlou I8Jnml. An Island 4 miles ott shore, 6 miles southwest or the mouth of Hoh River, In west central Jefferson County; elevation, 90 feet. (5) Detllllon Bridge. A bridge across: Spokane River, about 10 miles above Its mouth, on the Lincoln-Stevens county line. (94) D etroit. A post office on the west side of Case Inlet, north of Hart stlne Island, ln east central Mason County; elevation, 30 feet. (1) Devll11 Den,l Jl11 1•lcJH, Rapids 1 mile long, in Columbia River, neat· Plymouth, In south central Benton County. (81) DevllH Cnnyou. A canyon between Kahlotus and Snake Rivet· on t)le south, In southeastern Franklin County. (30) De,·fl" Canyon. A small southern tributary of Rattlesnake Creek, east or Mount Alx, In west central Yakima County. (38) DevtlH Creek, A small eastern tributary of Skagit River, In east cen tral Whatcom County. (1) A Geographic Dictionary of W a:shington 121 Oe ,•11,c Dream Creek. A small western tributary of Pyramid Creek, head ing in 1ndlan Henrys Hunting Ground. south-west of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County. (6!>) Devils H end. A headland on the south shore of the mainland, west of Anderson Island, in west central Pierce Cou11t1·. (8) De , •llx Luke. A small lake about 4 miles north of McMurray, in south western Skagit County. (58) Oe,·th, Lttke. A small lake 8 miles southeast of Maltby, In southwestern Snohomish County. (73) DevllH :Uountnlu. A mountain about 10 miles east of the mouth of Ruby Creek, ln southeastern Whatcom County. (4) De,·ore C reek. A small tributary of Stehekin River, near the mouth of the latter, In the north end of Chelan County. (76) Dewntto. A post office on the east side of Hood Canal, in north central Mason County. Cl) Dewntto Creek. A tributary of Hood Canal, from the northeast, at De watto, In nonheastern Mason County. (26) D ewey, A post office on Flclalgo lslancl, near the east encl of Deception Pass, In southwestern Skagit County. (1) Dewey. A station on the B. & N. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 5 miles north east o! Be111ngham, In west central Whatcom County; elevation, 172 feet. (79) Dewey Creek. .An eastern tributary of upper Chinook C1·eek, near the Cascade summit. east of Mount Rainier. (6~) Dewey Lnke. A lake on the headwaters of American River. near the Cascade summit, In northwestern Yakima County. (38) D lnbnl!e Butte. A mountain 7 miles north o! Marblemount, In north cen tral Skagit County; e levation, 5,794 feet. (40) D1t1bnKc Creek. A tributary of Skagit River, from the north, 2 miles above Marblemount, In north central Skagit County. (40) Dhm1oml. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 9 miles west of Colfax, In central Whitman County; elevation, 2,042 feet. (1) D l11mo11d Butte. A mountain 9 miles southeast o! Clspus Pass. on the headwaters of Diamoncl Fork, In west central Yakima County; ele vation, 6,796 feet. (37) Olnmond Fork, A northeastern heaclwater of Klickitat River, northeast of Mount Aclams. In west central Yakima County. (1) Dlnmontl H Iii. A low mountain on sou th central Orcas Island, In east central San Juan County; elevation, 1,020 feet. (6) Dlnmon,1 Lake. A lake 2 miles long. about 7 miles northeast of Camden, In south central Pend Oreille County. (1) Dlumoud L uke. A small lake 8 miles east of Clspus Pass, In west cen tral Yakima County; level of water, 6,421 feet. (37) Dlnmond Point. A point on the southwest shore of East Souncl, on Orcas Island, In east central San Juan County. (6) Dick Creek. A small eastern tributary of Moraine Creek, near the lower end of Carbon Glacier, In east central Pierce County. (69) Dlckennnn lllountnln. A. mountain 5 miles northwest of Barlow Pass, in east central Snohomish County: elevation. 5,766 teet. (62) DlckerKon Point. A point on the southern shore of Puget Sound, west of the entrance to Henderson Inlet, In north central Thu1·ston County. (26) 122 Bulletin No. 1"/, Wa,fhington Geological Survey Dickey, Lnke . A lake 1¥.? miles long and ~ mile wide, 41h miles east of Ozette Lake, in western Clallam County. (19) Dlekodoe bte,ler R h ·er. A stream in western Clallam County, rising ln Lake Dickey, and emptying Into the Quillayute near the mouth of the latter; sometimes called Dickey River. (19) D lekodocl,te Dole. A post office 11 miles east of Battleground, in east centi-al Clarke County. (1) Dollofl'. Lnke. A small lake 4 miles northwest oC Auburn, in southwest ern King County. (SO) Dolly VuroJeu Lnke. A lake 1 mile long, at the head of Early '\Vlnter C,·eek, north of Lake Chelan, In west central Okanogan County. (1) Dol1>hln. A post office in central Orcas Island, on the west shore ot East Sound, in central San Juan County. (4) Dolphin Point. A point on the northeatitern shore ot Vashon Island, in west central King County. (6) Dome P euk. A peak on the Cascade summit, near the Skagit and Sno hom lsh county line; elevation, 8,860 feet. (52) D<1me P e nk. A peak on Divide Ridge, near the head of South Fork of Cowiche Creek, in west central Yakima County; elevation, 6,686 feet. (38) Dominion. A post office 14 mile:,; northeast ot Colville, in central Stevens County. (2) Donnl,1. A town on the N. P. Ry. ancl the line oC the O.· W. R. R. & N. Co., 12 miles southeast of Yakima, in central Yakima County; eleva· Uon, S62 feet. ( 4) Dorothy t.nke. A lake 2 miles long, at the head of East Fork or Miller Creek, south of Skykomish, In northeastern King County; elevation, 3,046 feet. (72) Dosewnlll1>>1 Rh•er. A river heading In the eastern Olympics and empty Ing Into Hood Canal at Brlnnon, In eastern Jef!erson County. (1) Dot. A post office about 10 miles northwest or Roosevelt, In east central Klickitat County; elevation, 2,201 !eet. (1) Dot :Iflland. A small Island In Padilla Bay, northeast or Anacortes, ln northwestern Skagit County. (6) Doty . A town on the N. P. and the C. M. & St. P. railways, 19 miles west of Chehalis, In west central Lewis County; elevation, 322 feet. (l) Double Bluff. A headland on the southwestern shore o! Whldbey Island, northeast of Foulweather Bluf!. (6) Double nm. A hill on Orcas Island, west of East Sound post office, In north central San Juan County; elevation, 680 feet. (6) Double 18lnnd. An Jslancl on the southwestern shore of West Souncl, Jn southwestern Orcas Island, In central San Juan County. (6) Double P e nk . A peak about 9 miles southeast of Mount Rainier, in southeastern Pierce County; elevation, 6,200 feet. (69) Doubtful Lake. A small round lake at the head of Stehekln River, near Cascade Pass, near the north end of Chelan County; elevation, 5,400 feet. (52) Doug all Point . A point at the northeast end of Hartstlne Island, In east central Mason County. (5) Dougnu Creek. A tributary of upper Washougal River, from the north west, In southwestern Skamania County. (53) Doug h ty, Point. A point on the north shore of Orcas Island, northwest of East Sound post office, In north central San Juan County. (6) Douirlu... A station on the G. N. Ry., 1111 southwestern Douglas County, 36 miles from Col um bl a River station; elevation, 2,374 feet. (1) 124 Bulletin No . 17, Washington Geological S11,rvey D ouglas Cow,t-y. This co1mty lies In the central portion of the state, in lhe bend ot Columbia River. Its area is 1,787 square miles. A broad, rolling plateau flanked by low mountains constitute Its topog raphy. The mean annual temperature Is about 47° F. and the range Is between 45 ° and so• F. The rainfall of the county averages 13 Inches. W11eat growing Is the main Industry. Stock raising and dairying are Important pursuits. Waterville, the county seat; Bridgeport, Mansfleld, Withrow and Douglas a,·e the more Important towns. (1) DooglnK Mountnln. A mountain 6 miles southwest ot Loomis, in north central Okanogan County; elevation, 5,420 feet. (48) Douglnw Slouglt. One of the mouths of Stllaguamlsh River, at Stan wood, in northweatern Snohomish County. (58) D o ur Point. A point on the south shore of Danas Passage, between Hen derson and Budd inlets. In north central Thurston County. (26) Douty. A mining town on the N. P. Ry., l mile west of Carbonado, In north central Pierce County; elevation, 666 feet. (80) Dou ty Cnnyou. A canyon with an lntermlttent stream, a western tribu tary of Tule Canyon, in northeastern Klickitat County. (39) Downing Rtn>lcl. A rapid in Columbia River, about 2'h miles below the mouth ot Chelan River, In Chelan and Douglas counties. (31) Down8, A town on the G. N. Ry.. 11 miles southwest of Harrington, In south central Lincoln County; elevation, l,906 teet. (2) Drngocm. A station on the G. N. Ry., about 9 miles south ot Deer Park, in north central Spokane County; elevation, 1,746 feet. (4) Drngoon Creek. A tributary of Little Spokane River, In north central Spokane County. (75) Drnke Lnkc.>, A small lake, 2 miles northeast of Maytown, in south cen tral Thurston County. (45) Drn11er S11Plng. A spring 3 miles northwest of Glenwoocl, In northwest ern Klickitat County. (87) D rny " Oreek. A small stream entering Columbia River, about 6 miles west of the mouth of the Cowlitz, In southwestern Cowllt:r. County. (Same as Coal Creek.) (4) Drayton Htttl,or. An embayment on the east side of Georgia Strait, at B laine, In northwestern Whatcom County. (1) Dray ton Pn8snge. A channel between Anderson Island and the mainland on the west, In west central Pierce County. (8) Drift C-reek. A southern tributary of North Fork of Lewis River, south east of Mount St. Helens, In west cent,·al Skamania County. (15) n ..1ttwoo1l Rock... Rock islands in Columbia River, 8 mlles below the mouth of Colville River, In Ferry and Stevens counties. (31) Driscoll 1'1lnnd. An island In Okanogan River, 1 mile south of Oroville, in north central Okanogan County. (62) Drwnmer Mouutnln. A mountain 3 miles northeast of Curlew, In norU1 central Ferry County; elevation, about 3,200 feet. (71) Drury. A station on the G. N. Ry., 6 miles northwest ot Leavenworth. In south central Chelan County; elevation, 1,692 feet. Dryn,1. A town on the N. P. and the C. M. & St. P. railways, 18 miles west ot Chehalis, In west central Lewis County; elevation, 304 feet. (1) Dry AlknU L ake. A small lake In Grand Coulee, 9 miles north of Coulee City, In northern Grant County. (4) A Geographic Dicticnary of TV asl1ington Dry Cret-k . A station on the N. P. Ry., 8 miles northwest of Walla Walla, In south central Walla Walla County; elevation, 688 feet. (4) Dry Creek. An Intermittent stream in an east-west valley between Ratllesnake Hills and the Yakima Range, In northwestern Benton County. (65) Dry Creek. An intermittent stream, a northern tributary of Yakima River, near 'l'horp, In central Kittitas County. (78) Ory Creek. A tributary of Hood Canal, from the northeast, opposite Pot latch, In northeastern Mason County. (26) Dey Creek. The principal headwater of Tonasket Creek, soulh of Mol son, In northeastern Okanogan County. (62) Dry Oreek. A small upper tributary of Lltlle Spokane River, from the east, near Milan, In north central Spokane County. (1) Dry Creek. An Intermittent stream of south central Walla Walla County, Joining Walla Walla River at Lowden. (1) Dry Creek. A small northern tributary of Pa.louse River, north of Col fax, In east central Wbltman County. (l) Dry Creek. A western trlJlUtary of Nac'.hes River, 1 mile north of Nile, In west central Yakima County. (38) Ory Creek. A small tributary of Bird Creek, southeast of Mount Adams, in southwestern Yakima County. (37) Dryden. A station on the G. N. Ry., 16 miles above Wenatchee, In south central Chelan County; elevation, 938 feet. (4) Ory Gnleh. A gulch with an Intermittent stream, entering Columbia valley, east of Ellensburg, In southeaslern Kittitas County. (4) Ory Guiel• Rnvlcls. Rapids in Snake River, 5 miles below Clarkston, In Asotin and Whitman counties. (35) Ur:r St•rlng Cnn:ron. A canyon entering Wenatchee valley from the north, 3 miles above the mouth o! Wenatchee Rive,·, in southeastern Chelan County. (84) Dtokonh Polnt. A point on the coast, aboul 8 miles east of Cape Flat tery, in northwestern Clallam County. (5) Dubur Creek. A small western tributary of Sauk River. 1tear the mouth ot Whltechuck River, In northeastern Snohomish County. (52) Duhu Dugulu Duy. A small bay on the east shore of v,hidbey Island, opposite La Conner, in north central Island County. (5) Dulwlch. A station on the G. N. Ry., 16 miles north o! Marcus, in northeastern Ferry Count)'; elevation, 1,441 feet. DumbbeU Lake. A small lake near the summit o! the Cascades, south of Cowlitz Pass, in northeastern Lewis County. (38) DrunJ>ky Creek. A Stl"eam 1¥., miles long, flowing from Dumpky Lake into Lake Chelan, In north central Chelan County. (76) Dum11ky Full1<. Falls at the mouth of Dumpky Creek, where It enters Lake Chelan, 1Z rnlles from the head of the lake, In north central Spokane County. (76) Dumpky Lake. A lake 1 Y.i miles long, on the west side ot Dumpky Mountain, near Lake Chelan. In north central Chelan County; ele vation, 2,213 feet. (76) D n m 11ky Jllountnln. A mountain on the west side of Lake Chelan, south of the mouth of Railroad C1·eek, In north central Chelan County; elevation, 4,000 feet. (76) Dnncnn Creek. A northern tributary o! Columbia River, 2 miles east of Edgewater, in southwestern Skamania Count)·. (53) Duncan Rock, A small rocky Islet, 2 miles northwest of Cape Flattery, In northwestern Clallam County. (5) Dungeness. A town on New Dungeness Bay, between Port Townsend and Port Angeles, In northeastern Cla llam County. (19) Dungene88 Bnrbor, A harbor 2 miles long ancl l mile wicle, between Dungeness Hook and the mainland, about 15 miles east of Port Angeles, in northeastern Clallam County. (IO) Dungenus lUver. .A. stream draining the northeastern Olympics and en tering the Strait of Juan de Fuca at New Dungeness Bay, in north eastern Clallam County. (19) D1rngene,,111 Ilhe.r, ,ve,it Fork, A tributary of Dungeness River, entering about 16 mlles above the mouth of the latter, Jn eastern Clallam County. (19) Dunln1.1 Butte. A butte 2~ miles west of Oakesdale, in northeastern Whitman County. (59) Dunn Creek. A western ti-ibutar y of Colville River. south o! Addy, in central Stevens County. (1) Dunn !llountnJn. A high divide west of Addy, in central Stevens County. (29) Dupont. A town on the N. P. Ry., 16 miles southwest of Tacoma, In southwestern Pierce County; elevation, 243 feet. (I) Durhum. A station on the N. P. Ry., ll/.i miles north of Kana.skat, In central King County. (4) Durkee. A station on the S. & I. E. Ry.. 4 miles south of Waver!)-, Jn southeastern Spokane County; elevation, 2,522 feet. Dutcl,er,c Co,•e. A small ba~· on the east shore of Case Inlet, In nortl1- western Pierce County. (8) Dutch .lllller en,,. A pass on the Cascade clivi £1lgor Rock. A cliff on the west side of Naches River, north o! the mouth or Lost Creek, In northwestern Yakima County. (38) Edgeco mb, A town on lbe N. P. Ry., 19 miles north of Snohomish, In west central Snohomish County; elevation, 128 feet. (1) Edgewlck. A post office on South Fork of Snoqualmie River, 5 milea 11outheast of North Ben E ldon. A post office on lhe west side of Hood Canal, in north central Mason County. (1) Eleonor. Lnke. A lake on a we1;1tern tributary of Huckleberry Creek, about 11 miles norU1east of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce County; elevation, •1,960 feet. (69) E le.-troo. A 1>ost ofllce on Puyallup River, 2 miles eaist or l(a.powsln. In central Pierce County; elevation, about 683 feet. (4) E lgin. A post office on the west side of Carr Inlet, In northweste1·n Pierce County. (1) Elh111beth R idge. A ridge 1% miles long, southwest of Crater Lake, In east central Pierce County; elevation, 5,510 feet. (69) E lhm lo1lnnd. An Island 1 mile long, near the south end of Lumml Island, In southwestel'D Whatcom County. (1) E lk, A town on the G. N. Ry., 29 miles north of Spokane, In north cen t ral Spokane County; elevation, 1,834 feet. (1) Etk Creek, A post office on North Fork of Toutle River, about 10 miles west of Spirit Lake, in nortbeastel'D Cowlitz County. (4) E lk Creek. A tributary of Chehalis Rivet·, from the west, at Doty, In west central Lewis County. (27) E lk Cr eek, A southeastern tributai·y of upper Sultan River, In east cen tral Snohomish County. (21) E l k Creek, A small easten1 tributary or Klickitat River, southeast ot Mount Adams, ln southwestern Yakima County. (37) ilJlk L11ke. A small lake 5 miles northeast of Ozette Lake, In western Clallam County. (19) t;Jlk JU11rl'! h , A marsh l mile long. about 1 mile east of La.ke Terrell, In west central Whatcom County. (42) E lk Rh·er. A small river entering South Bay, from the southeast, in southwestern Grays Harbor County. (26) E lkhorn Cr eek. A tr·lbular·y of North River, from the east, In south western Grays Harbor County. (26) Elkhorn Creek. A small northern headwater of Smith Creek, north ot Raymond, In north central Pacific County. (27) l!lllemekruu Jllouutaln. A mountain north or Palmer Lake and southeast or Nighthawk, in north centr·al Okanogan County: elevation, 4,770 feet. (4S) B llen Luke. A lake in sections 24 and 25, T. 25 N., R. 36 E .. In east central Ferry County. (16) E lle m1b11:rg. The county seat of Kittitas County, located in the east centr·al portion. The altitude is 1,572 feet. It ls served by the trunk lines of the C. l\'L & St. P. and N. P. railways, being a. division point on the latte1•. It has two flour mills, three creame1·les, a glove fac tory, ancl woolen mills. The city lies in the center of a rich Irri gated district, and had a population of 4,209 In 1910. (1) E lllee, Point. A point on the no1·th bank of Columbia River, at Megler, in southwestern Pacific County. (27) 1,; 11 111or, Jllount. A peak 2 miles northeast of Lake Cushman, In north western Mason County; elevation, 6,600 feet. (19) Elliott. A station on the C. M. & P. S. Ry., 16 miles southeast of Seattle, In west central King County; elevation, 120 feet. (1) I•:mott Buy. The bay upon which Seattle Is located, In north westel'n King County. (5) EUlott Creek. An eastern headwater ot South Fork of Sauk River, near Barlow Pass, in east cenu·al Snohomish County. (52) A Geographic Dictionary of W a~ hington 131 Elliott Point. A point on Possession Sound, at Mukilteo, In west cen tl'al Snohomish County. (73) Elliott Point. A point on the north shore ot Columbia. River, 2 Y.i miles west of Brookfield, In southwestern Wahkiakum County. (10) ·r~lllott S lou,ch. A tlclal stream on the flood plain of Chehalis River, at the head ot Grays Harbol', In south central Grays lia1·bor County. ( 54) li:111 1< Creek. A small tributary or Hoko River, from the east, about 7 miles southeast of Royal post office, in western ClaJlam County. (19) t,;lll1 E m pire. A station on the N. P. Ry., 15 miles southeast of Toppenish, in southeastern Yakima County; elevation, 716 feet. (4) 1i:m1•ly l\lo untoln. A mountain near the center of T. 30 N., R. 39 El., northwest of Springdale, In south central Stevens County. (29) EndJc ott. A town on the line of the 0 .-W. R. R. & N. Co.. 19 miles west' of Colfax, in central Whitman County; elevation, 1,593 feet. (1) E n g ll1c1l1. A station on the G. N. Ry., 13 miles north of Everett, In west central Snohomish County; eJ.evatlon, 120 feet. (Same as Lakewood.) (58) EnnJ... A station on the l ine of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 14 miles north of Walla Walla, In central Walla Walla County. (4) E nnfs Oreek. A stream entering the Strait of Juan de Fuca., 1 mile east of Port Angeles, in north central Clallam County. (19) l•:nte rprlse. A station on the G. N. Ry., 12 miles northwest of Belling ham, in west central ',Vhatcom County; elevation, 70 feet. (4) E ottut. A town on the G. N. RY.. at the mouth of Entiat River. 19 miles north of Wenatchee; elevation, 689 feet. (1) Entfnt J\lountnlnN. A spur ot the Cascades, forming the divide between Entiat River and Chiwawa Creek, in central Chelan County; max imum elevation, 9,100 feet. (47) l!Jnt lnt Rnplds. Rapids In Columlbia River, between the mouth of Entiat River and Orondo, in Chelan and Douglas counties. (31) ll:ntlnt Rl"er· .A stream In central Chelan County, heading In the higher Cascade!!, flowing southeast, and entering the Columbia 19 miles above Wenatchee. (46) E ntlnt Rl"e r, North Fork. A tributary of Entiat River, heading In Chelan Mountains, west of Lake Chelan. (76) Entlnt Rf"er, South Fork. A tributary of lllntiat River, in central Chelan County. ( 47) E ntrnuce Mountnln. A mountain on Orcas Island, north of Olga, in east central San Juan County; elevation, 1,200 feet. (6) Euumclnw. A town on the N. P . and the C. M. & St. P. railways, in south central King County; elevation, 742 feet. (1) l!Jnumclnw Junc tion. A junction on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 2 miles east of Enumclaw, in south central King County; elevation, 865 !eet. (44) 1i: 11hr11t11. This town, lhe county seat. Is located In the north central part of Grant County. It Is 1,265 feet above sea-level. It Is served by the O. N. Ry.• and acts as a distributing center ancl shipping point for the surrouncling region. The nelghboi·lng district com prises wheat. orchard and alfalfa lands. The population in 1910 was 322. (1) E(1nlllbrlurn llnphl. A rapicl in Columbia River, 3 miles above the mouth o! Nespelem River, In Douglas and Okanogan counties. (31) 11: rle. A station on the N. P. Ry., 10 miles west of Kennewick, In Benton County. (63) l!lrle , Lnke. A small lake west of Mount Ede, south o f Anacortei;, in west central Skagit County. (6) l1rle. l'llount. The highest point on Fldalgo Island, about 5 miles south of Anacortes, in west central Skagit County: elevation, 1,300 feel. (6) l~Nc ltbueb. A station on the N. Y. & V. Ry. (N. P. Ry.), 8 miles north west of Yakima, In north central Yakima County. (4) EH11nnoln. A town on the G. N. Ry., 22 miles west of Spokane, in we.'lt central Spokane County; elevation, 2,378 feet. (1) A Geographic Dictionary of Washington 133 E1111untr.el Coulee. A north and south Coulee, followed by the N. P. Ry., 1n Frankl1n County, and terminating near Pasco. (4) Es8ex. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co.. 6 I{! m iles northwest of Centralia, in southwestern Thurston County; eleva tion, 216 feet. EN11lg. A station on the N. P. Ry., 6 miles southwest of Ritzville, tu central Adams County; elevation, 1,576 feet. (96) E8te11. A station on the line of the 0.-\V, R. R. & N. Co.. 11 miles east of Connell, In north central Franklin County; elevation, 826 feet. (4) E thel. A post office 16 miles southeast of Chehalis, In central Lewis County; elevation, 472 feet. (1) Ethel Creek. An eastern tributary of Myers C1·eek, 1 mile south of Chesaw, in northeastern Okanogan County. (62) E thel, Luke. A lake on a tributary of Van Born Creek, norlh of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce Coun ty; elevation, 4,287 feet. (69) Et-nn. A post office at the confluence of North Fork of Lewis River and Cedar Creek, In northwestern Clarke County. (t) Eufnuln. A village about 9 miles nortt\west of Kelso, In southwestern Cowlitz County. (4) Euntee Lnke. A small lake at the bead of Meadow Creek, northwest ot Mount Rainier, In east central Plet·ce County; elevation, 5,355 feet. (69) Eureka. A town on the N. P. Ry., 30 miles northwest of Walla '\Valla, In west ce11tral Walla Walla County; elevation, 1,066 feet. (1) E,•nns. A station on the G. N. Ry., 6 miles northeast of Marcus, In west central Stevens County. (1) EvuuH Creek. A tributary of Cottage Lake Creek, near Redmond, In northwestern King County. (73) E vnnto Lake. A small lake 3 miles northwest of Riverslc)e, ln central Okanogan County. (48) EvnnN, ro1n1. A point on the west side of The Nari-ows, south ot Point Defiance, In northwestern Pierce County. (8) E,·nrt. Creek. A small western tributary of lower Clark Fork, In north western Pend Oreille County. (17) l ih •ellne. A station on the N. P. Ry., 10 miles south of Chehalis, In west central Lewis County; elevation, 437 feet. (1) E,•erett. The county seat of Snohomish Cou nty. The city lies In the west central part , on Snohomish R iver and on Puget Sound. It Is served by the N. P., G. N., and C. M. & St. P. railways. It has three Interurban lines and five steame1· lines. There are over ninety man ufacturing plants. including a number of lumber and shingle mills. machine plants, paper factory, powder factory, tannery, brickyard, fish canneries, ship yards, and two flour miUs. Its position Is very favorable for manufacturing and commerce. T he popula tion on J uly l, 1916, was 35,486, according to the U. S. Bureau or the Cen sus. (1) Everett Creek. A small eastern tributary of Sauk River, near Darring ton, in north central Snohomish Count y. (77) t,;verNon. A town on the B. & N. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 16 miles northeast ot Bellingham, In northwest ern Whatcom County; eleva tion, 84 !eet. (1) Ewno. A town on the C. M. & St. P. Rl',, 18 miles west o( M:alden, ln northwestern Whitman County; elevation, 1.780 feet. Cl) 134 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey E wing JHhn ul. An Island of the Socia G,;oup, at lhe south end ot Georgia Strait, in northern Sa:n Juan County. (6) Exceh1lor. A station on the $. & I. E. Ry., 16 miles southeast of Spo kane, In central Spokane County; elevation, 2,446 teet. (4) Jl:xceJ,.l or, A mining camp about 16 miles east of Glacle1·, on North Fork of Nooksak River. In north central Whatcom County. ( 4) Eyhott JHhuuJ. An island in Okanogan Rive1·, 2 Yi miles south of Oro ville. Jn north central Okanogan County. (62) F'nbe r. A station on the G. N. Ry., 26 miles east of Sedro Vi'oolley, In central Skagit Coun ty; elevation, 209 feet. Fnctorln. A post office on the N. P. Ry., 10 miles north of Renton, In west central King County; e levation, 137 feet. (Wilburton Sta tion.) (2) Fulrbnnk,c, A station on the S. & I. E. Ry., S miles north of Oakesdale, In northeastern Whitman County; elevation, 2,443 feet. (2) Fnlrehihl C r eek. A northern tributary of lower Wilson Creek , near Willa.pa, in northeastern PacU\c County. (27) J•'n l dux. A town on the N. P. Ry., 41 miles southeast of Tacoma, Jn central Pierce County; elevation, 1,360 feet. (1) FulrJleld. A town on the line of the 0.-W. .R. R. & N. Co., 34 miles southeast o! Spokane, ln southeastern Spokane County; elevation, 2,559 feet. (1) Fnl r1nount. A station on the N. P. Ry., 10 ~ m Iles south of Port Town send, In northeastern Jefferson County. (1) Fuln·lew Canyon . A canyon ancl intermittent stream, enlerlng \,Ven atchee valley al Monitor, 7 miles above Wenatchee. (84) Fnlrvlew IUdge. A flat clivlde between lower Diamond Fork and KUcki tat River, southeast of Clspus Pass, In west centr·al Yakima County. (37) Patry Fall". Falls on one oC the headwaters of Stevens Creek, on the southeast slope of Mount .Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County. (69) F nlll>rt,lge. A junction on the S. P. & $. Ry., In south central Klickitat County; elevation, 166 feet. (1) F ull Cit:,·. A town on the N. P . Ry. (Nol'th Bend Branch), 1md Sno qualmie River, In central King County; elevation. SO feet. (4) Fulton. A station on the N. P. Ry., 9 miles north of Pullman, In east central Whitman County; elevation, 2,489 feet. (1) l•'nll Rh·e r. A southern headwater of North River, in northeastern Pa cific County. (~) ...~ .. 11 .. ca,·. A i;tatlon on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 17 miles north of Cedar Falls, In centJ"al King County. (21) FaJIH Creek. A small southern tributary of Wlllapa River, south oC Frances, In east central Pacific County. (27) l~uu.. Creek. A small southern tributary of Carbon River, east of Fair- fax, In west central Pierce County. (69) r,•,.11,. Creek. A small tributary of Clearwater River, about 2 miles above the mouth of the latter, in northeastern Pierce County, (44) Fnu,. C r eek, A tributary of Sauk River, from the west, near Orient, in northeastern Snohomish County. (52) Fnll>< Lnke, A small lake on an upper tl'ibuta1·>· of Jordan Creek, ln east central Skagit County. (52) A Geographic Dictionary of W a.ltington 1S5 l~oh,e Duy. An embayment on the south shore ot San .Tuan Island. southwest of Fl'lday Harbor, In sou U1western San .Tuan County. (6) Folse Polonse Un11td. A. rapid In Snake River, 16 miles below Rlparla, In Franklin and Walla Walla counties. (34) l •'nrme r. A post office In central Douglas County, 9¥., miles east of Douglas. (1) F urmlugtoo. A town on the N. P. Ry., and the line of the 0 .-W. R.R. & N. Co., 9 miles northeast of Garfield, In northeaste,·n Whitman County; elevation, 2,630 feet. (1) Jl'nrrlogtou. A station on the S. P. & S. Ry., 9 miles south ot Kahlotus, in southeastern Franklin County; e levation, 729 feet. Fnthe.r nod Sou. Two rocky islets 1 mile oft shore, between Point of Arches and Cape Alava, In western Clallam County; elevation, 163 feet. (5) F ou_ntleroy c o~·e. A small cove on the east shore of Puget Sound, be tween Point Williams and Brace Point, in west central King County. (5) Fnuotleroy Point. A point on the northeastern shore of Decatur Islani;l, In east central San .Tuan County. (6) Finn, J,cloud. A small Island on the west side of Deer Harbor, south western Orcas Island, In central San .Tuan County. (6) Foy Penk, A peak 1 mile east of Crater Lake, on Mothe1· Mountaln, In east centl'al Pierce County; elevation, 6,500 feet. (69) Peutherbed Cre ek. A small tributary ot Summit Creek, near Hoppers Mill, ln north central Klickitat County. (37) Felldo, A station on the N. P. Ry.. 6 miles north of Vancouver, In south western Clarke County; elevation, 62 feet. (I) F e llow,c, A station on the N. P. Ry. (Washington Central :a,·anch), 16 miles west of Davenport, :n central Lincoln County; elevation, 2,330 feet. (Telford Post Office.) ( 4) 1reuuel Creek. A small tributary o! the Puyallup, from the east, near Alderton, In north central Pierce County. (80) 'f"e rodnle. A town on the G. N. Ry., 9 miles northwest of Bellingham, In west central Whatcom County; elevation, 26 feet. (1) Ferry. A town on the G. N. Ry. and Kettle River, at the International boundary, in northwestern Ferry County; elevation, 1,886 feet. (1) F erry C ounty . This county Is located In the northeastern DOl'tlon of the state, In the central par t of the Okanogan Righlands. It has an area of 2,220 square miles. The topography Is a combination of mountains. rolling bills, low ridges, and broad valleys. The mean annual temperature Is 43° F., wllh an annual range of 46° F. The ~·early precipitation is generally about 17 Inches. The county was named after the first governor of the state. The Census Bureau estimated that the county had 4,951 Inhabitants on July 1, 1916. The main industries consist of dairying, stock raising, mining, lumber ing, and diverslfled farmlng. Republic Is the largest town and county seat. Other towns are Orient, Curlew, Danville, and Keller. (1) F e rry Luke. A lake on Second West Fork of Sanpoil River, in west central Ferry County. (16) F ldalgo. A station on the G. N. Ry., 4 miles aou~heast o! Anacortes, in west central Skagit County; elevation, 118 feet. (4) Flclulg o BIi)', A bay on the north shore or Fldalgo Island, In west cen tral Skagit County. (4) 186 Bulleti7~ No. 17, 1V ashington Geological Survey F ld 11lgo B en d . A headland at the northwest corner of Fldalgo Island, north of Burrows Island. in west central Skagit County. (6) _..~1,1uJgo Isl rutd , An Island north of Whiclbey Islancl, separated from the mainland by Swinomish Slough, in western Skagit County; maxi mum elevation, 1,300 feet. (1) Ji'U e " P enk1<. Peaks on the divide between Crow Ct·eek ancl Amerlca1i River, in northwestern Yakima County. (38) F Uuce Duy. A bay west of McNeil Island, at Longb1·anch, in north western Pierce County, (8) l!'l ug ubon Cr eek. A small tributary of Terrell Creek, west oC Enter prise, in northwestern Whatcom County. (~2) F h ,ley. A town In southeastern Benton County, on the S. P. & S. Ry., and 2 miles from Columbia River; elevation, 34S feet. (63) l~lnley Point. A point on the west shore of Lake Chelan, 4 miles from the head of the lake, in north central Chelan County. (76) F inney Creek. A small tributary of SKagit River, from the southeast, near Blrdsview. In north central Skagit County. (1) Flr. A town on the G. N . Ry., 5 miles south of Mt. Vernon. :n south western Skagit County; elevation, 5 feet. (Conway Post Office.) (1) F h:,lnle. A town on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., about 11 miles southeast of Raymond, in central Pacific County; elevation, 205 feet. (4) Fir L uke. A small lake on the Cowlit7, divide. southeast of Mount Rainier, In no1·theastern Lewis County; elevation, 4,325 feet. (69) F lr Mou nt,tln. A mountain 4 miles southeast of ·wauconda, In east cen tral Okanogan County; elevation, 5,666 feet. (71) F i rst Coulee. A dry run, In the northwestern part of Adams County. heading near Marcellus, and joining Crab Creek south o( Moses Lake. (1) J~lr;,t. Creek. A small s tream ent e1•ing Lake Chelan from the west, about 9 miles from the mouth of the lake, In east central Chelan Count)·. ( 46) First Cre ek. A tributary of Swauk Creek from the east, 21/.i miles south of Liberty, in north central Kittitas County. (1) Fl"b Cre ek. A stream entering the east side of Lake Chelan. 6 miles Crom tbe north encl of the latter. In northeastern Chelan County. (76) F l. F l 8hery P oint . A point on the noi·thwest shore or "-'aldron Island, In north central San Juan County. (6) l i'IHh Hook Ro1•ldi,, Rapids In Snake .River, about 16 mites above Its mouth, in .Franklin and ,valla Walla countle;i. (34) Ftsblug Doy . A small bay al the northwest end of East Sound, O,·cas Island, In north central San Juan County. (6) FIHb Lok.-. A small lake ,Y. mile long. l 'IJ miles no1·theast of the mouth o! Lake ·wenatchee, in central Chelan County. (4.7) Ji'li,11 Ln.ke. A small lake 2 miles southwest o! Cumberland, in south central King County. (55) Ji"ls h l,.nke. A lake 2 miles east of Ravensdale, In south central King County. CH) .1•'18 11 Lake . A small lake on Middle Fork of Cle Elum River, In north western Kittitas County; elevation, 3,325 feet. (72) FiNh Luke. A lake 2 miles tong, on lhe Llncoln-St>okane county bound ary line, aboul 8 miles northeast or Sp,·ague. (4) 1r1,,.1t L11ke . A Jake l mile long, about 6 miles northeast of Conconully, in central Okanogan County; elevation, 1,799 feet. (48) F l!,11 Luke. A lake 1 mile long, 4 miles north of Maple Falls, In north cenLral Whatcom County. (Same a:; Sliver Lake.) (25) FINla Lake . A small lake at the head of Bumping River, In Carlton Pass. In we1:1t central Yakima County. (38) .11'18 h L 11ke. A lake on a headwater ot ,vest Fork of Klickitat River, northeast of Mount Adamti, In we;,;t central Yakima County; eleva tion, 4,042 feet. (1) 1,•1,.11 L11ke S tre1UU. A northern headwater of West Fork of Klickitat River, northeast of Mount Adams, In southwestern Yakima County, (37) m shtrup. A station on lhe N. P. Ry., 10 miles northeast of Sp1•ague, in southea1:1tern Lincoln County; elovation, 2,282 feet. (l) Ft..latrap Creek. A small northern trlbutan• ot Nooksak River, nea1· Lynden, in northwestern Whatcom County. (42) .Flt• H e nry, lUount. A mountain between the Elwha and lloh rivers, 10 miles northeast of Mount Olympus, In south central Clallam County; elevation, 7,000 feet. (Forest Service.) (19) Fh'e mlle L11ke. A small lake 6 miles southwest of Auburn, in south western King County. (80) Fh·e ~Ule 1•ralrle. A p lateau of about G square miles, 5 miles north east or Spokane, In central Spokane County; general e levation, about 2,400 feet. (i5) F i ve lllle Rn11ld. A 1·apld In Snake River, about 5 mlles above Its mouth, In Franklin and Walla Walla counties. (34) F i n ~ JUUe Rnold..,, Rapids In Col umbia River, 5 miles above The Dalles. Oregon. (33) Finl{ Hill. A hill 1 Y., miles north west ot Republic, In wei.t central Ferry County. (71) Flagle r , Fort. A fort on the north end ot Marrowstone Island, near Po1·t Towni.end, In northeastern Jefferson County. (4) Fl11g Peak. A peak about 5 mlles west of Monte Cristo. In southeastern Snohomish County. (72) Flogpole. A station on the line of the 0 .-W. R. R. & N . Co., 6 miles east of Rlparla, in southwest ern Whitman County. 138 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey F l ut C reek, A small northern tributary of Columbia River, nea,· Wil Hams, In northwestern Stevens County. (1) Flnt C-ree k. A tributary of Stehekin River, In the no,·th end of Chelan County. (76) P int C-reek , South Fork. A small ti·lbutary of Flat Creek, In lb.e north end of Chelan County. (76) F lut C reek, \Vest Fork. A small tributary of Fial Creek, in the north end of Chelan County. (76) Ji'lut Point. A low point on the northwest shore of Lope~ Island, north of Lope.: post office, In central San Juan County. (6) Flntto,, I11lunt1. An Island In San Juan Channel, between Spleden and Orcas Islands, In north central San Juan County. (6) l•' letehe r. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 3 miles east of Oakesdale, in northeastern Whitman County; e levation, 2.408 feet. (4) F'letc her Duy. A post office on the west shore of Bainbridge Island, op posite the head of Eagle Harbor, in east central Kitsap County. (2) Fle tt G-locle-r. A small glacier west of Russell G lacier, on the north west slope of Mount Rainier. (69) F'lh'k Creek. A small stream entering the ea!ll sl(le of Lake Chelan, near Its north end, In north central Chelan County. (76) Pilot. A station on the N. P. Ry. and the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 15 miles southeast of Yakima, In central Yakima County. Floru. A station on the S. & I. E. Ry.. 12 miles east of Spokane, In east central Spokane County; elevation, 2,020 feet. l•'lorence. A town on lower SUJaguamlsh River, 2 ¥l miles southeast of Stanwood, in northwestern Snohomish County. (1) Flore n ce Peuk. A peak abou t 11 miles northwest of Mount Rainie,·, in east central Pierce County; elevation, 5,501 feet. (69) li'lountle-.. Duy. A small bay on the nor·thwest sho1·e ot Fldalgo lsland. at the north eud or Burrows Bay, In west central Skagit County. (6) Flower 1' F ore Ht, A post olllce 8 miles southea!:lt of Chehalh;, In west central Lewis County: elevation, 299 feet. (1) Jl'orkH, A town on Bogachlel River, 32 miles south of Clallam Bay, In southwestern Clallam County; elevation, 480 feet. (19) F orkH Prnlrle Cre ek. A southern tributary of Wlllapa River, south of Lebam, In central Pac!Hc Count~•. (27) ForNe U, A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 2 miles west ot Grnn F ox Creek. A small tributary ot Puyallup River, fi-om lhe east, near Kapowsin, In north central Pierce County. (80) F.-ug nrtn. A post office on the west side of Colvos Passage, in south eastern Kltsa1> County. (4) F rulley Mouu1nln. A mountain ridge south ot Lake Cavanaugh, In southwestern Skagit County; maximum elevation, 2,795 feet. (58) France,,. A town on the N. P. Ry., 22 miles southeast of South Bend, Jn east central Pacific County; elevation, 232 feet. (1) Fruncu, Point. A point on the east shore of ,vashlngton Sound, west of Bellingham Bay, In southwestern Whatcom County. (5) FrtmcJs Lake . A small lake 2 miles north of Maple Valley, in ce11tral King County. (SO) l~rnnkfort. A town on the north bank of Columbia River, In south cen tral Pacific County. (1) l ~rnuklln. A town on the P. C. R. R., 12 miles south of Maple Valley, In south central King County; elevation, 722 feet. (1) Franklh, County. This county lies in tlle southeastern part of the state, In the triangle formed by the junction of Snake and Columbia rivers. The a1·ea of the cou nty is 1,206 square miles. The country Is generally level, and rises to the northward by a series o! benches. The mean annual tempei-ature is 64° F., and the annual range is 46° F. According to the Cens\ls Bureau, the county had a popula tion of 8,087 on July 1, 1910. Wheat raising constitutes the Chief lndust1·y. Pasco is the county seat and largest town. Other towns are Connell, Elltopla, Mesa, and Kahlotus. (1) F runklln FnUl!f. Falls in South Fork of Snoqualmie River, 2 miles west of Snoqualmie Pass, In east central King County. (74) Frn11e r Creek. A small tributary of Cowlitz River, from the north, near Vance Post Office, Jn central Lewis County. (20) F rnsler Creek. A small tributary of Outlet Creek, at Glenwood, In no1·thwestern Klickitat County. (37) Frn,-el. A town on the G. N. Ry. ancl on Samish Bay, in northwestern Skagit County. (1) F rn,:er Creek. A small eastern tl'ibutat·y of Beaver Creek, east of Twisp, in west cent,·al Okanogan County. (56) Ji'rn11l e r Cred<. A stream entering Port Angeles Barbor, at Port An geles, In north central Clallam County. (19) F r edonia. A station on the G. N. Ry., G miles west of Burlington, Jn west central Skagit County; elevation, 9 feet. (5S) Freelund, A village at the head of Holmes Harbor, Whidbey Island, in Island County. (4) Free man. A town on the S. & I. E. Ry. and the line o! the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 19 miles southeast of Spokane, in east central Spokane County; elevation, 2,580 feet. (1) F re emnn IHlnnd. A small Island In President Channel, near the north west coast o! Orcas lsland. In north central San Juan County. (6) F reJUont, JUount. A peak at the head of Huckleberry Creek, about 7 miles northeast of Mount Rainie,·, In east central Pierce County; elevation, 7,230 feet. (69) Fren ch Cnhlu Creek. A tributary of Cle Elum River, from the west, 4 miles north of Cle Elum Lake, l.n northwestern Kittitas County. (63) Fre nch Creek. A fork of Icicle Creek, In sout hwestern Chelan County. (Formerly South Fork of I cicle Creek.) (47) A. Geographic Dictionary of W asltington 141 l•' renc_h Creek. A small eastern tributary or 'Methow River, at Methow, in southwestern Okanogan County. (Gl) ll'r«!neh C rN!k. A small southern tributary or North Fo1·k of Stlla guamlsh River, near Hazel, In north central Snohomish County. (77) Freucl, Creek. A small tributary of Snohomish River, from Lhe east, near Snohomish, In weiH cenLral Snohomish County. (73) 1''renclunnn mu... An east and west range of hills extending from Columbia River to C1·ab Creek. 22 miles south or Quincy. in central Grant County; maximum elevation, 1,908 feet. (57) Fr«!11Chm1u1 Spring. A spring In a coulee, 2 miles east of Columbia River, about 21 miles southwest or. Quincy, In southwestern Grant County. (68) F re11bwnter Buy . A bay 3~ miles long and 1 mile wi l•'uen '" Plllur. A rocky Islet near the beach, about 1 mlle south of Cape Flattery, in no1·thwestern Clallam County; elevation, 140 feet. (5) 1"u h111. A village about 5 miles south o! Glenwood, in northwestern Klickitat County. (1) l•'uller. A station on the line of the 0.-,v. R. R. & N. Co., S miles east of Montesano. in southeastern Grays Harbor County. 1"uUou Creek. A small stream entering Hood Canal from the west, 2 miles south of Duckabush, in southeastern J et'l'.erson County. (19) (;nble Dutte. An isolatecl hill in Sec. 19, T. 13 N., R. 26 E .. In northern Benton Cou nty; elevation, 7G3 feet. (50) Gnhle ~lou11tal11. A ridge about 5 miles long, near Hanford, in the northeastern corner of Benton Cou nty; maximum elevation, 1.100 feet. (50) Galbraith C r eek. A southern tributar)' of Midle Fork of Nooksak River, west of Mou nt Bak er, in cent,·al Whatcom Cou nty. (25) Gale C reek. A small tributary of Green River, nea1· Eagle Gorge, in southeastern King Cou nty. ( 44) Gul e Creek. A st ream ent ering the north encl of K a.chess Lake from the northwest, in northwestern Kittitas County. (74) Gn.l e Creek, A tributary of South Prairie Creek, en tering the latte1· at the town of South P1·ai1·ie, In north central Plerce County. (80) Gnle nu. An o ld milting town on North Fork of Sk y k omlsh R iver, at the mou th of Sliver Creek. no1·thenst of Index, In southeastern Sno homish County: elevation, 1,111 feet. (4) Gnlen n . A station on the G. N. Ry., 1S m iles west of SJ)Okane. in west centr al Spokane Cou nty; elevation, 2.446 feet. (4) Gu l euu Moontnlu. A mountain albout 4 miles northwest of J°l'larble, In north central Stevens County. (16) Gnh•in, A post office on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 4 miles northwest of Cent1·alla. In nor·th western Lewis County. (3) Gnrcln. A station on t h e C. M. & St. P. Ry., 9 miles east of Ceclar Falls. 111 central King County; elevation, 1,669 feet. (4) Gurdu FnllH. Falls In lower Gran ite Creek, near the lower end of Win throp Glacier, In east centra l P ie r ce Count y. (69) (;nr,le n Creek, A tributary of Walla Walla. River, from the south, west of Touchet, in southwestern Walla Walla Cou nt y. (83) (,nr,len IH lnutl. A small lslancl in east central Ozette Lake, in western Clallam County. (19) (;nrde o S1mr. A station on the S. & I. E. Ry., 3 miles soutJ1 of Spokane, In cent1·al Spokane County; elevation, 2,046 reel. Gardiner. A station on the S. P. A, & W. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 20 miles southwest of Po1·t Townsencl, In nort heastern Jet'l'.erson Count~·: elevation, 130 .feet. (2) Gnrlle hl. A town on the N. P. and S. & T. E. ra.llways and the line of lhe 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 18 miles no1·theasl of Colfax, In east cen tral Whitman County; elevation, 2,485 feet. (l) Garfie ld Oounty. This county is in the sou1heaslern part or the Rlate, hetween Snake River and the Oregon line. Il has a total area of 694 square miles. The topog,·aph)' of the county ls dominated in the northern part hy a 1·o lll111g plateau: the southern end of the counLy extends h1to the Slue MounLalns. The mean annual tem perature avernges 47 ° F., and the annual range is about 36° F. The y eal'ly rainfall Is rarely In excess of 18 inches. The Census Bureau A Geographic Dictionary of W ashington HS I ·• ~ esllmated the 1>opulallon as 4,3H on July 1, 1916. Wheal t·alslng and lumbering are lhe most favored Industries. Pomero~-. the county seat, Is the only Important town oC the county. (lnrlleltl Mountain. A peak on tbe bea(lwatet·s ot Middle Fork ot Sno qualmie Blver, 12 miles west of Dutch Miller Gap, In east central King County; elevation, 6,500 feet. (72) c;urdner, )lount. A mountain or divide between Cedar River and Soulh Fork of Snoqualmie River, near Bandera, In east centl·al King County. ( 44) Gnrlbnltll. A station on the N. l'. Ry., 1 mile east of Eagle Go1·ge, in south central King County. (H) C orluo,l J'enk. A peak In Entiat Mountains, west ot Lake Chela11, in norlheru Chelan County; elevation, 7,645 feel. (76) GnrrlMou. A town on the line o! the 0.-V.' . R. R. & N. Co., 5 miles east of Pullman, in soutbeastern Whitman Count~· ; elevation, 2,4S6 feet. (67) G11rrlNon Buy, A small embayment about 2 miles south o( Roche Har bor, in west central San Juan Count~·. (6) Gnrro,J Creek. A tributary of Chehalis River, from the west, in the southeastern co1·ne1· of Grays Hat·bor County. (26) Gute. A town on the N. P. Ry., 19 miles southwest of Olympia, in south western Thurston County; elevation, 121 feet. (1) Gnvlota Dend. An elbow in Columbia River, l 6 miles al,ove Bridgeport, In Douglas and Okanogan count.les. (31) Gn-ynor. A station on the G. N. Ry., 8 mlle!:! east ot Cascade Tunnel, in west centl'al Chelan County; elevation, 2,660 feet. (24) Genr;r. A station on the S. & 1. El . .Ry., 3 miles north of Oakesdale, iu northeastern Whitman County; elevation, 2,446 feet. Gedney l8laud. An Island about 2 miles long, In Possession Sound, ~ miles northwest of Eve1·ett, In west centi-al Snohomish County. (l) Gee Oreek. A small stream In northwestern Clal'ke Countl-. entering Lake River at Ridgefield. (27) Geer, A post office on the S. P. & S. Ry., 16 miles west of Roosevelt, In south central Klickitat County. (2) Gebr. A station on the electric line, about 0¥., miles northeast of Van couver, in Clarke County. (27) George Creek. The principal tributary of Asotin Creek, Jn the central part of A.sot!n County. (1) George, Lnke. A lake on '.Mount Wow, southwest of Mount Rainier, in southeastern Pierce County; elevation. 4,232 feet. (69) George, Point. A point on lhe southwest shore o! Shaw Jsland, in cen tral San Juan County, (6) George'" S1mr. A station on the S. P. & S. Ry., 3 miles west of Cook. In southeastern Skamania County; elevation, 99 feet. Georgia Strait. A broad st1·alt separating Vancouver Island !rom the mainland on the east, ending north o! the San Juan group of Island$. (1) German Creek. A small trll.>utary o( Columbia River, near Stella, In western Cowlll.1. County, (Same as Nequaliy Creek.) (4) Gerome. A post office on Columbia River, 40 miles west of Springdale, in southwestern Stevens County. (1) Ciertrude. A post office on the north shot e o! McNeil li;land, in north· westem Pierce County. (4) H4 Bulletin No . 17, lV ashington Geological Sz1,rvey ~ Gertrutle'N .ll!lnnd. A small Island near the north shore of McNeil Island, in northwestern Pierce County, (8) Ge tcJ1eU. A station on the N. P. Ry., 12 miles norlh or Snohomish, in west central Snohomish County; elevation, 346 feet. (4) Gettysburg . A post office on the coast at the mouth of Lyre River, about 6 miles west of Crescent Bay, In north cent1·al Clallam Count~,. (19) Gh o .. t Lake. A small lake about 10 miles northeast of Mount St. Hele ns, in northwestern Skamania County. (15) Glunt Fnll11. Falls on a small tributary of North Mowich River, at the lower end of North Mowich Glacier, In east central Pierce Count~'. (69) G lnntH (; r,n ·eynr Glacier. A town on the B. & N. Ry, {C. M. & St. P. Ry.), H miles north east of Bellingham, in north central Whatcom County; elevation, 919 feet. (1) Glacier Da,cln, A basin at the head of Inter Fork, between Winthrop and Emmons glaciers, on the northeast slope of Mount Rainier. (69) Glacier Creek. A small headwater of South Fork of Sauk River, at Monte Cristo, in southeastern Snohomish County. {72) Glacier Creek. A trlbutar)• oC North Fork ot Nooksak River, from the south, at Glacier, In north central Whatcom County, (1) Glncter ll Goot Butte. A peak on the east slope or Mount Adams. in southwestern Yakima County; elevation, 7,487 feet. (37) Goat Creek. A tributary of upper Cispus River, In southeastern Lewis County. (37) Goat Creek. A small southern tributary of upper White River, no1·th east of Mount Rainier, ill northeastern Pierce County. (69) Goat Creek. A small northern tributary of NisQually River. about 6 miles east o! Ash!ord, In southeastern Pierce County. (4) Goot hloncl. An Island In Skagit. Bay, at the south end of Fidalgo Island, in southwestern Skagit County. (6) Goat I,daod i'Uouotalo. A divide between Frylngpan Creek and lower Emmons Glacier, northeast of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County; elevation, 7,30J feet. (69) Goat ll Clold Creek. A small tributary of West Fork of Sanpoll River. In wei Goodnoe llUlH. A village west of Rock Creek and nol'th of Columbia River, In south centt·al Klickitat County; elevation, 1,295 feet. (1) Goodwln, Lnke, A lake 2 miles long, 4 miles weat of Engllsb station. ln northwestern Snohomish County; le vel of water, 329 feet. (58) Goose berr)• Luke. A small lake In Aeneas Valley, in east central Okan ogan County. (62) GooHe Egg l\lount,~ln. A round mountain neat· the confluence of North. and Sout~ forks of Tieton River, in west central Yakima County. (38) Goo8e hlnnd. A small island in Middle Channel, east of the south end of San Juan Island, in south central San Juan County. (6) GooHe IHlnnd Rn11hlH, Rapids In Snake River, 8 miles above R!pada, on the Columbia-Whitman County line. (35) GooHe Lnke. A small lake about 18 miles west of Nespelem, In south central Okanogan County. (1) Goose Pohlt, A point on the east shore of Willa.pa Bay, south of the entrance to Palux River, in n,orthwestern Pacific County. (27) Goosmus Creek. A small tributary of Kettle River, from the northwest, near the International boundacy, In north central Ferry County. (71) Gordon. A post office in northwestern Douglas County. on Columbia River, 4 m!Jes above Brewster. (1) Gordon Creek. A small northern tributary of South Fork of Stlla guamlsh River, east of Gold Basin, In central Snohomish County. (70) Gordon Polnt. A point on the east shore of Puget Sound, at Steilacoom, In west central Pierce County. (8) Goshen. A town on the B. & N. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 11 miles south east of Bellingham, in west central Whatcom County; elevation, 186 teet. (1) Gosnell Creek. A tributary of Llllke Isabella, southwest of Shelton, In south central Mason County. (1) <.:osslp lHlands. Small islands at the entrance to Reid Harbor, on the southeast side o! Stuart Island, in northwestern San .Juan County. (6) Gotcben Creek. A northern tributary of White Salmon River, near Guler, south of Mount Adams, in Yakima and Klickitat counties. (1) Gothic Peuk. A peak about 5 miles west of Monte Cristo, ln southeast ern Snohomish Count y. (72) Govan. A town on the N. P. R)•. (Washington Central Branch), 6 miles west of Wilbur, In northwestern Lincoln County; elevation, 2,073 feet. (1) Grund !Uo1111d. A town on lhe N. P. Ry,, G miles northwest ot Cenlralla, In southwestern Thurston County; elevation, 162 !eet. (1) Grnnd Pnrk, A large park west or upper Huckleberr~· Creek, northeast oC ~ount Rainier, In east Central Pierce County. (69) Grnnd RnJ•ldB, Rapids 1 mile long, in Columbia River, 2'1.i miles below the mouth of Colville Rlve1·1 In Feny and Stevens counties. (31) Grnnd Ronde Rnpt,1>.1. Rapids In Snake River, about 23¥.i miles above ASotln, In southeastel'n Asotin County. (36) Grand,-tew. A town on the N. P. Ry. and the line or the 0-W. R. R. & N. Co., 40 miles southeast of Yakima in southeastern Yakima County; elevation, 811 feet. (1) Grundvlew Butte. A l'ldge 1 Jh miles long, 3 miles north of Grandview, In southeastern Yakima County. (66) Grunge CUy Junction. A junction on the line of the 0-W. R. R. & N. Co.. 3¥,i miles northwest of Starbuck, In northwestern Columbia County; elevation, 520 feet. (4) Granger. A town on the N. P. Ry. and the line of the 0-W. R. R. & N. Co., 25 miles soutbeasl ot Yakima, In east central Yakima County; elevation, 731 feet. (1) Grnnlte Butte. A butte 3 miles southwest of Oakesdale, In northeastern Whitman County; elevation, 2,930 feet. (59) Grrutlte Creek. A tributary ot Sanpoil RJver, from the west, at Republic, In west central Ferry County. (1) GrauJte Creek, NortJ• Fork. A northern lrlbutary of Granite Creek, uniting with West Fork 2 miles west of Republic, In north central Ferry County. (71) Grnnlte Creek, We>it Fork, The principal headwater ot Granite Creek. uniting with North Fork 2 miles west of Republic, ln north central Ferry County. (71) GrnoJte Creek. A small tributary of Ml Granite Polot R111•hl><. Rapids in Snake River, 26¥., miles below Clarks ton, In Garlleld and Whitman counties. (35) Granite Rnpld, A rapid In Columbia River, 12 miles below the moutl1 of Nespelem River, ln Douglas and Okanogan counties. (3! ) G runt. A post office o n the west side or Pickering Passage, northeast of Shelton, in east central Mason County. (1) Grnut CountJ". This county lies in Lhe central part o[ the ;,tale. within the big bend of Columbia River. The a1·ea of the county Is 2,720 square miles. Rolling plains, undulating uplands, and coulees char acterize the topography. The mean annual temperature Is about 50° F .. and the annual range Is about 46° .F. The rainfall of the area is generally less than S inches 1>er annum. Wheat raising ls the most important !nd.ustry of the region. although al!al!a ancl fruit are raised where irrigation is practiced. Ephrata, the county seat, Coulee City, Quincy, W.a.rden, Hartline. Kru1>P, Wilson Creek, Soap Lake. Beverly, and Neppel are the important towns of the county. (1) C.-nn t Creek. A northern headwater of Spray Creek, in Spray Park. northwest of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce County. (69) Grunt Orclrnrfl><, A post office near Soap Lake Station, on the G. N. Ry., 6 miles east of Ephrata, tn central Grant County. (4) Gr""" Creek, A small tidal stream entering North Bay, from the east, in ,;outhwestern G1·ays Harbor County. (60) Grt1 N>1mere. A station on the G. N. Ry., 22 mllelc! east of Seclro Woolley, In central Skagit County; elevation, 185 feet. (4) GrnNK Mou11t11Ju. The divide between White ancl Green !'Ivers, east of Enumclaw, in south central X Grny,. llnrbor County. This Is a central county on the Pacific Ocean, and was formerly known as Chehalis County. lt has an area of 1,927 square miles. The topography varies from the lowlands a long the coast and the river valleys to t he hills and mountains of the Olympics. Originally all of t he county was densely timbered. The mean annual temperature averages about 49° F., wllh compa1·a tlvely mild winters and cool summers. The annual rainfall gen erally exceeds 86 Inches. The population, as estimated by the Census Bu1·eau, was 48,467 on July l, 1916. Lumbering, salmon fishing and ship building are a ll very Important industries In this county. Aberdeen and Hoquiam ar·e the largest and most pros• perous to,vns. Montesano ls the county seat and ranks next In size. Other to,vus are Cosmopolis, Elma, Oakville, Westport, Mc Cleary, Satsop, and M:ocllps. (1) Grny" lsh111d. An Island ¥., mile Jong, In Snake River, 2 ¥., miles above Its mouth, In Franklin and Walla Walla counties. (34) Grnys Point. A point on the north bank of Columbia River, near Frankfort, In south cent,·al Pacific County. (27) Grny" River. A post office about 6 ml Jes above the mouth of G1·ays River, in northwestern Wahkiakum County. (1) Gruy" Rl.-~r. A river of Pacillc and Wahkiakum counties, entering Grays Bay (Columbia River). from the northeast. (1) Greek George" D11y. A Hmall bay on the west side of Bainbridge Island. neat' Crystal Springs, In central Kitsap County. (26) Greenucrc 1<. A town on the S. & J. E. Ry., 13 miles east or Spokane, In east central Spokane County: elevation, 2,039 !eet. (4) Greenl)rutk. A post oftlce on the east shore of Whidbey Island, at the entrance to Holmes Harbor, In Island County. (4) Gne11 Cun-yon. A 1.1maU northern tJ-ibu tary of Green River, 3 miles east ot Maywood, In sou theastern King Count;y, CH) Green Cr eek. A southern tJ·ibutary of Middle Fork of Nooksak River, southwest ot Mou nt Baker, in south central ,vhatcom County. (40) Greendnle, -A station on the C. M. & SL P. Ry., 18 miles south of Ta coma, in central Pierce County: e levation, 400 feet. Gre.. nh orn Cr eek. A tributary of lower Clspus River, from the south, in southeastern Lewis County. (1) Green Lnke, A lake 1 mile long, on the flood plain of Columbia Rive,·, near Knapp, in western Clarke Cou nty. (64) Green J, 11ke. A lake at the northern end or Seattle, In northwestern King Cou nty. (73) Gree n Lnke . A lake about 1 mile long, 6 miles northwest of Okanogan, in central Okanogan County. (61 ) Green Luke. A small lake on Ranger Creek, northwest of Mount Rainier, in east central Pierce County. (69) Green Lnke . A lake about 6 miles southeast. of Baker Lake, in south central W h atcom County. (40) Greenlenf Cr ee k. A northern tributary of Columbia River, at Cascades, In south central Skamania County. (63) G-l'eeu lllountnln. The divide between South Fork of Canyon Creek and South Fork of Stllaguamish River, In north central Snohomish County. (77) Green llloun tntn. A mou ntain on the divide between Buck and Downey creeks, north of Suiattle River, in nor theastern Snohomish County; elevation, 5,957 feet. (62) 15~ Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey Green Pork. A park east of upper Huckleberry Creek, at the head of Josephine Creek, in east central Pierce County. (69) Green Pasl!I. A pass on the Cascade divide, between headwaters ot North Fork of Naches and Green rivers, on the line between King and Kittitas counties; elevation, 4, 894 teet. (7'1) Green Point. A small promonto1·y half way between Port Angeles and Dungeness, In northeastern Cla llam County. Green Point. A point on the east shore of Carr Inlet, north of Fox Island, in norlhwestern P ierce Coun ty. CS) G reen Point. A point at the east encl ot Spleden Island, ln west central San Juan County. (6) G ree n Rh·e r. A tributary of No1·th Fork of Toutle Rive r, in northeal't ern Cowlitz Cou nty. (1) G reen River. A river flowing west from the Cascade divide to White River valley, at Auburn, In southern King County. (1) Gr een Rh·e r. North Ft)r k, A tributary of Green River, trom the north, near Eagle Gorge, In southeastern King County. (1) G ree uwnter R h ·er. A northern headwater of White River, forming ~ part of the boundary between King and Pierce counties. (1) (Jre e.1n,•oocJ. A post office 5 miles norlh ot WiRhkah. In cent ral Grays Harbor County. (2) G reen,•LIJe Point . A promontory on the sea coast, about 25 miles north o! Grays Harbor, In northwestern Grays H arbor County. (1) Griffin 11ny. A large embayment on the southeast shore of San Juan I sland, In south central San Juan County. (6) Grlflln Creek. A tributary of Snoqualmie Rive r, from the east, 2% miles south of Tolt, in north central King County. (4) Grlnnell. A station on the S. & I. E. Ry., 6 miles south of Garflelcl, In east central Whitman County; elevation, 2,522 feet. Gr out P oint. A point on the east shore of Lake Washington, north ot Mercer Island. In northwestern Klng County. (73) G ro .... eup. A station on the l ine of the 0.-W. R. R . & N. Co. . 15 miles west of Kennewick. In east central B enton Cou nty: elevation, 539 feet. G rotto. A station on the G. N. Ry., 4 miles west of Skykomish, In north eastern King Cou nty: elevation. 821 feet. (4) Grouse Cre ek. An eastern tributary of Colville River. at Valley, In central Stevena County. (4) Gr oo1 Gunn J'eak. A peak wel!t of tbe headwaters of Trout Creek, east of lnclex, in southeastern Snohomish County; elevation, 6,246 feet. (72) Gurley Creek. A small stream entering Admiralty Inlet, west of Har per, In southeastern Kitsap County. (26) (;u.... IHlontl. A small island in Garrison Bay, on tbe northwest coast ot San Juan Island, in west central San Juan County. (6) Gu ye Pellk. A peak 111.i miles north of Snoqualmie Pass, In east central King County; elevation, about 6,100 feet. (74) Hudle y. A station on the line oC the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 10 miles north of \-Valla 'i\Talla, ln central Walla Walla. County; e levation, 848 feet. (4) 11,uUock. A town on the shore, a.bout 6 m Iles south or' Port Tow nsend, In northeastern Jefterson County. (2) 1111,;ce u. .A station on the IIJ1e of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 26 m1les south east of Spokane, In east central Spokane County; elevation, 2,646 feet. Hage-r Cre ek, A small tributary of Cowlitz River, from the east, east ot Lewis Post Office, In east central Lewis County. (20) Hager Luke, A small lake 4 miles east of Lewis Post Office, In east central Lewis County. (20) Hole 1•11ssoge. A channel between Fox I sland ancl the mainland on the north, ln northwestern Pierce County. (8) Bnlf J\loon Cxeek. A iimall northern tl'lbulary of \Ylllapa River, at Lebam, in east central Paclllc County. (27) H11lf0Td. A station on the G. N. Ry., 5 miles east of Index, In south eastern Snohomish County; elevation, 743 feet. Hull 'l'lde Re~. A reef In Grifl\n Bay, near the southeastern shore of San· Juan Island, In south central San J uan County. (6) Holl. A post office on Cedar Creek, 4¥., m lles from North Fork of Lewis River, In northwestern Clarke County. (1) Hull. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 4 miles east of Montesano, In sou theastern Grays Harbor County. Hull Creek. A tributary of Columbia Rlve1·, from the northwest, at Inchellum, in east central Ferry County. (1) Hull Creek. A southern tributary of Sou th Fork. of Snoqualmie River. north of Cedar Lake, in east central King County. (44) Holl bhrnd. A small Island, southwest of Lope.< Islancl, about 1 mile south or Richardson, In south central San Juan Cou nty. (6) Hall Peak. A peak 2 miles southeast of Silverton, In central Snohomish Cou nty; elevation, 5,464 feet. (77) Hnltermnn. A station on the N. P. RY., 14 miles east of Arlington, in north cen tral Snohomish County; elevation, 239 feet. (21) BoinUton. A town on the O. N. Ry., 11 miles east of Sedro WoolJey, In central Skagit County; elevation, 96 !eel. (1) Hamilton. A station on the S. P. & S. Ry., 7'/., miles west of Stevenson, ln south central Skamania Cou nty; elevation, 54 feet. B11miltou Creek, A northern tributary of Columbia River, 1 mile west of Cascades, In southwestern Skamania. County. (53) H11,nUton hlllDtl. .An island 1 '/., miles long, in Columbia River, below Cascades Station, ln south central Skamania County. (53) Hnmllton l-'lountnln. A mountain 4 miles west of Cascades, in south western Skamania Cou nty; elevation, 2,432 feet. (53) 154 Biilletin No. 17, W asliington Geological Survey Httmm11 Hununn lu,·er. A river entering Hood Canal, from the west, in north central Mason County. (1) Hnmmer. A post office about 20 miles 11orth of Prescott, in north cen tral Walla Walla County. (2) Rammer1 Hnnh,crnbble Cr eek. An u1>per tributary of Middle Fork of Snoqualmie River, In east central King County. (72) llord,.c-.-nbble Mo,rntnln. A mountain l'ldge 12 miles northwest of Re public, in northwestern Feny County; maximum elevation, 5,326 feet. (71) Hurtly Cr eek, A small northern tributary of Columbia River, 3 miles west of Cascades, in southwestern Skamania County. (53) Hnnuony. A l>OSt office about 12 miles west ot Morton, in central Lewis County. (1) llurney Chunnd, A channel between Shaw Island and the south central shore or Orcas lsland. In east central San Juan County. (6) llni,o Strait. An irregular channel or strait separating the islands of the San Juan group from Vancouvel' and other Islands on the west and northwest. (1) H11r11er. A town on the west shore ot Puget Sound, southwest of Blake Island, In southeastern Kitsap County. (1) finr11ole. A station on the S. & I. E. Ry., 4 miles no1·th of Col fax, In central Whitman County; elevation. 1.886 feet. (4) Hnrrnb. A post office 9 miles sout11west or Wapato, 111 central Yakima County. (2) Hnrrlngtou. A town on the G. N. Ry., 50 miles west of Spokane, in cen tral Lincoln County; elevation, 2,167 feet. (1) Hnrrlngtou Polnt. A point on the north. shore ot Columbia River, east of Grays Bay, In southwestern Wahkiakum County. (9) Harrl8. A station on the S. & I. E. Ry., 4 miles south ot RosaUa, In north central Whitman County; elevation, 2,320 feet. (4) H11rrl11 Creek. A small southern tributary of South Fork of Snoqualmie River, 2 miles west of Bandera Station, In east central Klug County. (44) HurrlNou Creek, A small tributary of Squaw Creek, near Cleveland, In central Klickitat County. (30) linrt Creek. A small northern tributary or North Fork of Tieton River, ea11t of Russell Ranch, In west central Yakima County. (38) Rurtfleltl. A station on the electric line, about 5 'll miles northeast ot Vancouver, In Clarke County. (27) 8'.nrtford. A town on the N. P. Ry., S miles north of Snohomish. In west central Snohomish County; elevation, 239 feet. (1) Uurt Luke. A small lake on Rallroad Creek, 15 miles fl-om the mouth of the latter. In northern Chelan County; elevation, 3,890 feet. (76) Hnrtlnntl. A post office about 10 miles northeast or Lyle, in southwest ern Kllckltat County. (1) Hartline, A town on the K P. Ry, (Washington Central Branch), 12 miles northeast o! Coulee City, In northeastern Grant County; ele vation, 1,911 feet. Cl) H'nrtllne Cnnyon. A canyon ancl small stream, entering Spokane Rlve1· from the south, northeast of Davenport, In northeastern Lincoln County. (94) Unrt:mon. A triangulation point In Sec. 32, T. ll N .. R 26 E .. Rattle snake Hills, Benton County; elevation. 3,603 feet. (66) Hart" L11ke, A small lake about G miles southeast of McKenna, In south central Pierce County. (25) Hnrt.. tlue blnnd. A post office at the norlh encl or Eartstine tsland, In east central Mason County. (2) ~--&- ~- ~/ 156 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey Hartstlne IN lnnd, An island about 10 miles long, west of Case Inlet, In eastern Mason County. (1) Han·ard Jlloontulu. The divide between Trout and Olveout creeks, east o! Torotla Creek, In northeastern Okanogan County. (71) Harvey. A post office on Columbia River, west o! A..rden, In west cen tral Stevens County. (1) Hnrve y Creek, A small stream entering the head of SulUvan Lake, from ' the soulh, In north central Pend Oreille County. (4) Jlnr,·e y Creek. An eastern tributary of Columbia River, at Cedonia, in southwestern Stevens County. (1) Hm,.,alo Rocks. Rocks In Columbia River, about 3¥~ miles below Camas, In south central Clarke County. ( 13) H mornu. A post office IO miles southwest of Tonasket, in central Oka nogan County. (1) Hat haway Luke, A small lake on the flood plain of Columbia River, 2 miles south o! Rldgeflelcl, ln western Clarke County. (27) H ut J,dand. An island about 1 mile long, In Padilla Bay, east of Ana cortes, In northwestern Skagit County. (6) Hut Slough. One of the mouths of Stilaguamish River, about 3 miles south of Stanwood, In northwestern Snohomish County. (58) Hatton. A. town In southwestern Adams County, on the N. P. Ry.: elevation, 1,072 feet. (1) Rntton Coulee. A coulee northeast of Hatton, in south central Adams County. (49) Hn,•en. A station on the Hanford branch of the C. ~I. & St. P. Ry., In Sec. 11, T. 13 N., R. 25 E., In northern Benton County; elevation, 460 !eet. (60) nnven. A post office on Columbia River, at the south end of Grant County; elevation, 472 feet. Hn,·en Loke . A lake 4 miles east of Dewatto, In northeastern Mason County. (25) Hn,•lllnh, A post office 14 miles south of Molson, In northeastern Oka nogan County. (1) Hn,vk Oree k. A tributary of Col umbia River, from the south, at Peach, In north central L incoln County. (1) Bnwldnl'I MoontnJn. A peak on the headwaters of Teanaway River. In northwestern Kittitas County; elevation, about 7,000 feet . (78) Hawks Point. A point on the north shore of Wlllapa Bay, near the mouth or North River, In northwestern Pacific County. (27) Hoy. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 11 mil~s south of Lacrosse, In southwestern Whitman County; elevation, 1,103 feet. (1) Hayden ClCeek. A small eastern tributary of Meadow Creek, near Crater Lake, In east central Pierce County. (69) Hoy d e n Creek. A small southei·n headwatel' of Skookum Creek, east of Wickersham, in southwestern Whatcom County. (25) U ny e... A village on North Fork of Lewis River, about 5 miles north east of Woodland, In northwestel'n Cla1·ke County. (27) Hoy e" 1'1lttnd. A.n Island % -mile, long, in Columbia River, 2 miles below the mouth of Kettle River, In Ferry and Stevens counties. (31) Hny e s ruver. A tributary of upper E lwha River, from the east, in north central Jefferson County. (19) A Geographic Dictionary of Wadhington 157 lln,-,c tock Jlouotnb,. A mountaln a.bout 10 miles southeast o! Sedro Woolley, In west central Skagit County; elevation, 4,126 feet. (58) llnznril Creek. A small Stream entering Lake Chelan near Its north end, In north central Chelan County. (76) Rn11e1. A town on the ~. P. Ry., 18 miles east of Arlington, In north central Snohomish County; elevation, 313 feet. (1) H nzeJ Point. A point at the southeast end o! Toandos Peninsula., on Hood Canal, In ea.stern Jerterson County. (6) lla%elwoocl. A post office on the east shore or Lake ·wasblngton, 6 miles north of Renton, in west central King County. (2) R e ndl ee PnN11. A pass between the headwaters of Sultan River and Sooth Fork of Stllaguamlsh River, In southeastern Snohomish County. (72) Henrt Lake . A lake on West Fork o! Foss River, near Skykomish, In northeastern King County. (72) Heart Luke. A small lake on Fida.Igo Island, 3 miles south ot Anacortes, In west central Skagit County. (25) Hector. A station on the N. P. Ry., 3 mllea east or Walla Walla, In southeastern Walla Walla County; elevation, 1,166 feet. (4) B ed ge11. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 4 miles south east of Kennewick, In Benton County; elevation, 362 teet. (63) Hd•11on. A town on I.he N. P. Ry.. 22 miles northeast ot Vancouver, ln central Clarke Count1•; elevation, 467 feet. (1) H e len Butte. A mountain 4 miles northwest of Marblemounl, In north central Skagit County: elevation, 6,490 feet. (40) H el ena Lnke. A small lake at the head of South Fork of Clear Creek, north of Silverton, In north central Snohomlsh County, (77) Bel e o n Penk. A peak 4 miles north or SIiverton. In north central Sno homish County; elevation, 6,392 feet. (77) Bell Gote. Rock Islands, narrows, and rapids In Columbia River, 3¥., miles above the mouth of Sanpoll River, In Ferry and Lincoln counties. (31) B ellronrln,r Creek. A tributary of Big Muddy Creek, draining Mazama Glacier. on the southeast side ot Mount Adams. In southwestern Yakima County. (37) He ll'" Gnte , Narrows In Columbia River. 4 miles below Columbus, In south central Klickitat County. (32) H ell'N Gnte Rn1•ldN. Rapids In Columbia River 3 miles below Colum\;>us, In south central Klickitat County. (32) • Heli,log Junc tion. A station on the C. M. & SL P. Ry., 2 miles south west ot Rochester, In southwestern Thurston County; elevation, 155 feet. Hem l ock. A stallon on the N. r. Ry., ll miles north of Palmer Junction. In central King Count5•; elevation, 924 feet. (4) Henderson Inlet. A r.mall Inlet extending southward from Danas Pas sage, at the southern end of Puget Sound. In north central Thurston County. (26) Henderson, ~onnt. A peak S miles north of Lake Cushman, In north western Mason County. (19) Henry l11lnnd. An Island about 3 miles long, near the northwest shore of San Juan Island, In west central San Juan County. (6) 158 B1Llletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey H e nry" Hunting Gl'ound, A park on the southwest slope of Mount Rainier. northwest ot Longmire, In southeastern Pierce County. (Properly Indian Henrys Hunting Ground.) (69) Henry'" S..-ltc h. A station on U1e P. C. R. R ., about 3 miles north of Black Diamond, In south central King County: elevation. 575 feet. (4) Hermnn Cree k. A tributary of Hoko River. from the east, about 6 miles east of Ro)•al Post Office, In western Clallam County. (19) H e rmnuo l\l oDJ1tnlo, A mountain about 8 miles northeast ot Mount Baker, north of Austin Pass. Jn central Whatcom County. (40) H el'ron. A post ofl!ce on the east shore of Case I nlet, in northwestern .Ple1·ce County. (2) Herron Creek. A small stream entering Curlew Lake, from the south east, In no1·th central Fer1·y County. (71) H e rron Jslnod. An Island in Case Inlet, east of Hartstlne Island, In northwestern Ple1·ce County. (1) H e118 Lake, A small lake 7 miles west of Riverside, in central Okanogan County; elevation, 1,404 feel. (48) HeN11on1C Ro HUJerot. A stallon on the C. M. & St. P. Ry.. 4 miles east of Ralston, In east central Adams County: elevation, 1,712 feet. lllllhurHt, A station on the N. P. Ry., 13 miles south of Tacoma, In centr·al Pierce County: elevallon, 337 feet. (1) Rllhdde. A statlon on the N. P. Ry., 11 miles north ot Yakima, In north central Yakima County; elevation, 1,201 feet. (98) Hlndoo O r ef:k. A northern headwater of Rattlesnake Creek, heading on Mount Abe, In west central Yakima County. (38) Hit<'!. A station on the N. P. Ry. (Washington Central Branch), 10 m iles no,·thwest ot Medical Lake, In west central Spokane County; eleva· tlon, 2,615 feet. Col) Uobnlln. A post office on the north side of Hammersley Inlet, 4 miles eaat or Shelton, In sout heaatern Mason County. (2) l(obnrt. A station on the P. C. R. R., 3 m iles east of l\!aple Valley, In central King Count)·; elevation, 549 feet. tl) · :Uo('klnNou. A village 3 miles east or Bush P1·all'ie, In south central Clarke County. (27) Ho«11cn,lt Creek, A tributary of North Fork of Toutle River, In north eastern Cowlitz County. Cl) Hogr•rty Cref:k. A northern tribu tary of Skykomish Rivet·, about 4 miles below Index, In south cent1·al Snohomish County. (21) Hogb11ck Jlouut11Su. A peak on the Cascade summit, about 30 miles norU1 ot Mount Adams; elevation, a.bout 6,700 feet. (38) lloh. A post office 2 miles trom the mouth of Hoh River, In weslern Jefterson County. (1) Hoh Heml, A promonlOr)• 31/.i m iles no1·th of the mouth of Hoh River. In west central Jefferson County. (1) Roh lodlon Jlet H olnnrn. A town on the ocean front, and on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., l Y.z milea north ot Ilwaco, In southwestern Paciflc County. (4) Hobnnn lU0011tuln. A mountain about 5 miles east of Tenino, in south central Thurston County: elevation, 1.456 reel. (45) Holnu,H. A vlllage 2 Y,i miles south ot Ellensburg, In south ce11tral Kitti tas County. (51) Holme11 nurbor. A bay on the eastern shore of Whidbey Island, between Coupeville and Langley, In central Island County. (1) Hoh<. A station on the Tacoma Eastern Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 26 miles southeast ot Tacoma, In central Pierce County; elevation, 564 teet. (4) B omnn. A station on the N. P. Ry., 7 miles northeast ot Vancouver Junction. In southwestern Clarke County; elevation, 238 feet. (For merly Glenwood). (27) 11'.ome. A village on the west shore of Carr Inlet, north of Lake Bay Post Office, ln northwestern Pierce County. CS) Home VuUey. A station on the S. P. & S. Ry., 5'h miles east of Steven son, In south central Skamania County: elevation, 98 !eet. (2) Roml y Rn1•ld11. Rapids In Columbia River, 6¥., miles below the mouth of Snake River, In Benton and Walla Walla Counties. (32) Rood. A station on the S. P. & S. Ry., 5 miles west ot White Salmon, in southeastern Skamania County; elevation, 101 feet. (4) Hood Cnnnl. A long, narro,v Inlet of the sea, In the western part ot Puget Sound Basin, at the eastern toot ot the Olympic Mountains. (1) Hood Rend. A headland on the west side of Hood Canal, 4 miles south of Port Ludlow, In northeastern J efferson County. (5) Hood Point. A point on the east shore of Hood Canal, In west central Kitsap County. (5) Hood Hport.. A town on the west .side ot Hood Canal, In central Mason County. (1) Hooke r Creek. A headwater of Wllitestone Creek, north of B1·ewster. In south central Okanogan County. (61) H ooke r, Luke. A Jake 1 mile long, about 41/.i miles north of Qullcene, In northeastern Jefferson County. (19) Hoo11e r. A town on the S. P. & S. Ry., and the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 15 mlles southwest ot Lacrosse, In southwestel'n Whitman County; elevation, 1,056 feet. (1) Hope . A post office on the northeast side or Fox Island, In northwestern Pierce County. (2) Hope Jt< hmd. An Island west ot Squaxln Island, In southeaste,·n Mason County. (6) Hope IKlnnd. An Island in the north part of Skagit Bay. between Whld bey and Fidalgo Islands, In southwestern Skaglt County. (5) ao11e Penk. A peak near the eastern end of Yakima Range, in east central Yakima County; elevation, 3,340 Ceet. (65) Ho11eweU. A village 2 miles northwest ot Helsson, In central Clarke County. (27) Hopper'H MIU. A village about 23 m iles northwest or Goldendale, In north central Klickitat County. (37) A Geographic Dictionary of ll'asltington 161 Rtu,1uJnm. This city lies we11l of Aberdeen on Grays Hal'bOI', In the southwestern r,art of Grays Harbor County. It has an area of about 7% square miles. ll la llerved by t"he 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., the N. P. and C. M. & St. P. railways, and a number of ocean ateamers and sailing vessels. It il:i connected with Aberdeen by electric cars. It has a numbet· of large lumber and shingle mllls. The sunound!ng countl'y Is engaged In ship building, whaliJ1g, salmon and clam packing, farming, fishing, and Jogglng. The city had a population ot 11,666 on July 1, 1916, accorcllng to the U. S. Bureau of the Census. (1) Hoqulo,n Rh•er. A l'iVel' about 20 miles Jong, entering Gl'ays Harbor !rom the north, in central Grays Harbor County. (1) Ho,auJnm Riv er, llhldle Foi-k. A trlbuta1·y entering the main stream 2 miles above the mouth of the latter, 111 southwestern Gray~ Harbor County. (54) Hocaulnm Rh·er, \\'eMt J<'ork. A tributary of Middle For!{ of Hooulam River, uniting with the latter at Polson Lancllng In southwestern G1•ays Harbor Cou nt}·. (64) Horllck. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 16 miles norU1west of Ellensburg, In central Kltlltas County; elevation, 1,780 feet. (4) Horn. A station on the S. & I . E. R~·., 2¥., miles north of Palouse, In east central Whitman County; elevation, 2,535 feet. Horn Creek. A northern tributary ot Nlsqually River, southeast of · McKenna, in southweste,·n Ple1·ce County. (25) Horn. 1'he . A aharp e l bow In Yakima River, about J5 miles above Its mou th, in Benton County. (63) Horr Samr. A stallon on the G. N. Rl'·• 4 miles east of Springdale, In south central Stevens County. UorHehend D11y. A small bay on the east shore of Carr lnlet, nort h west of Fox Island, ih northwestet'h Pierce County. (S) Hoi-,rn Hen,·en. A post ofttce 22 m iles southeast of Prosser, in Benton County. (63) J:Ior11e Henveu. A triangulation point In Horse Heaven HIils, in Sec. 17, T. 7 N., R. 28 E., in Benton County; e levation, 1,933 feet. (63) Jfo.-"e"hoe BnNlu. A basin or amphitheatre at the heacl of Stehekln River, at the north end o! Chelan County. (52) U:oueNbOe Full,c. Falls In Col umbia River, near Celilo, Oregon, 12 mlle11 above The Dalles. (32) Hor11uboe Litke . A lake aboul 6 miles northwest of Rlversl -6 162 Bulletin No. 17, lVas hington Geological Survey Ilough ton. A town on the N. P. Ry. (North Bend Branch), and on the east shore or Lake Wa$hlngton. 2 miles south of Kirkland, In northwestern King County. ( 4) Houser. A sLalion on the line o! the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co.. 9 miles west 0£ Pomeroy, in northwestern Garfield County. Hoover. A town In southeastern Benton County, on Columbia River, ancl the S. P. & S. Ry.; elevation, 340 feet. (83) Hownrd. A village in nort hwestern Douglas County, 29 miles north eain oc vVatervllle. ( 4) Hownrd Creek , A small northern tributary of South Fork of Nooksak River, no1·th o! Hamilton, In north central Skagit County. (40) Hownr H urlburt. A station on the G . N. Ry., 4 mlles south of Danville, ln north central Ferry County; elevation, 1,766 feet. (4) Hur..t Cr eek, A small tributary of Clearwater River, from the east, near Clearwater Post Office, In southwestern Jefferson County. (19) H mmm. A town on White Salmon River, about 8 miles north of WbJte Salmon, in southwestern Klickitat County; elevation, about 360 feet. (1) Hyuk, A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., at the east end of Snoqualmie Tunnel, In northwestern Kittitas County. (24) Hyde Point. A point at the east and of McNeil Island, In northwestern Pierce County. (8) H y lebo Creek. A small stream en taring Commencement Bay, from the southeast, near Tacoma, In northwestern Pierce County. (80) H y lebos . A post offlce 5 m iles northeast of Tacoma, in northwestern Pierce County. (2) Icebe rg Point. A point at the sout h end ot l,opez lsland, In south cen tral San Juan County. (6) l ee LukeH, Two small lakes at the headwaters of Entiat Rivel', In the Entiat Mountains, in northern Chelan County. (76) Icicle Creek. A stream beading on the summit or the Cascades, flowing southeast. and joining Wenatc hee River at Leavenworth. In sout.h western Chelan County. (47) lclc·lc Cree k, South 'Fork. (See French C1·eek). Idlewtld, A station on the N. P. Ry., 13 miles southeast of Bellingham, in southwestern Whatcom Cou nty. (25) Ikll r.. 1onc1. A small island In Skagit Bay, south of La.Conner, in south western Skagit County. (5) m o RopldH. Rapids in Snake River, 34 miles above Riparia, in Garfield ancl Whitman counties. (35) IU11lmf Luke, A small lake al the Corks of upJler lributarles o( Illa.bat Creek, In southeastern Skagit Cou nty. (62) Ilw11eo. A town on the north ban'.k of Columbia River, and on the line or the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., In southwestern Pacific County. (1) Imo.1re, A station on the S. P. & :S. Ry.. 5 miles east of Vancouver, In south central Clarke Cou nty; elevation, '17 feet. (Formerly Russell Lanillng.) ( 27) l ntlc pe nden ee. A station on the C. :M. & St. P. Ry., 3 miles !!Outhwest of Rochester, in southwestern Thu,·ston County. (2) Independen ce Creek, A tributary of Chehalis River, from the south west, near the Lewis-Grays Harbor county line. (27) lutleoende nce llJclge. A dlvlcle ea:it of upper Chenuls Creek, north of Mount Rainier, In east central Pierce County; elevation, 5.300 J'eet. (69) Index. A town on the G. N. Ry., and at the forks of Skykomish River, 38 miles east of Everett, In southeastern Snohomish County; eleva tion, 532 feet. (1) Index Creek, A small tributary ot South Fork of Skykomish Rive r. from the south, near Baring, in northeastern King County. (72) l1Hl ex iUount11ln . A mountain immediately south of the town of Index, in southeastern Snohomish County. (Same as ·west Index.) fndlon. A station on the P. C. R. R., between Elliott and Cedar M:oun taln. in west central King County; elevation. 127 feet. A Geographic Dictionary of W a~l,ington 165 ln,llnn. A station on the line o! the 0 .-,v. .R. R. & N. Co., 19 miles south east o! Almota, In southeastern Whitman County. (67) Jn(llnn c o,·e. An embayment on the southeast shore or Shaw Island, opposite Canoe laland. In central San .Tuan County. (6) Indian Creek. A small uppe1· tributary oC White River, In west central Chelan County. (47) Indlnn Creek. A tributary oC lower Hawk Creek, from the east, in north central Lincoln Cou,ny. (4) )Jullnn Creek. A northern headwater of North Fork or Tieton River, east oC Cowlitz Pass, In west central Yakima County. (1) .lndlnn H enry s HnntlJlg Ground. A park on the southwest slope or Mount Rainier, northwest of Longmire, In southeastern Pierce County. (69) Jutlh111 blnod. An island J mile long. in Clark Fork, 8 miles above Dalkena, in south cent1·al Pend Orellle County. (90) .lndlnn Pnn, A pass on the Cascade divide, between headwaters of Sauk and ~ ' hll..e rivers, ln Chelan and Snohomish counties; eleva lion, about 6,000 feet. (72) .lndhm Point. A point on u,e west side of West Sound, opposite West Sound Post Otflce, in central San .Tuan County. (6) Jndlnn Rnpld". Rapids In Columbia River, 2 miles above the mouth ot J'ohn Day River, In south central Klickitat County. (32) 1ndlnn Rh·er. A stream entering Elwha River from the west, about 7 miles from the mouth of the latter, In north central Clallam County, outlet of Lake Sutherland. (19) lndlun Slou g h. A short slough at the south end of Padilla Bay, near Whitney, In western Skagit County. (58) JndJo. A station on the N. P. Ry., 9 miles south of Ellensburg, In south ea!ilern Kittitas County; elevation, 1,392 !eeL (96) Ingolh, Creek. A stream flowing from Mount Stuart eastward to Peshastln Creek, joining the latter 10 miles south of Leavenworth, In south centi-al Chelan County. (78) IngerNoll. A station on the S. & L E. Ry., 1 mile south o! Freeman, In east central Spokane County; e levation, 2,556 feet. Jnglewoo,J. A station on the N. P. Ry. (North Bend Branch), 7 miles south or Woodlnvllle, In northwestern King County; elevation, 43 feet. (1) Jugrnbnm Glncler. A glacier about 2\4 miles long, northeast of Gibral tar. on the eastern slope of Mount Rainier. (69) Inner Pnl!ls nge. A cha.noel between Salmon Bank an(l Cattle Point, San .Tuan Island, In south central San Juan County. (6) Inter Fork. A northern headwater of White River, north of Emmons Glacier, In east central Pierce County. (69) Inter Ginder. A glacier 1 ¥.i miles long, between Emmons and Winthrop glaciers. on the northeast slope of Mount Rainier. (69) Interior. A station on the line of the 0. -W. R. R. & N. Co., 6 miles southeast of Almota, In south central Whitman County. (4) Jone. A town on the I. & W. N. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 62 miles north west o! Newport, in central Pend Oreille CoUJ1ty ; elevation, 2,095 feet. (1) lone Creek. A trlbuta1·y o! Clark Fork, from the northwest, at Ione. In northwestern Pend Oreille County. (1) 166 Bulletin No. 17, Washington Geological Survey hllrnt Creek. A smaU southern trllbut ary of Carbon River, 4 miles below the end of Carbon Glacier, In east central Pierce County. (69) 11•>.mt Pn"'" A pass at the heacl of Ipsut Creek, near Crater Lake, In east central Pierce County. (69) Irby. A town on the G. N. Ry., 9 miles west of Odessa, in southwestern Lincoln County; elevation, 1,386 feet. (1) lron Creek. A tributary of lower Cispus River, from the south, in south eastern Lewis County. (1) rron lllount111n. A mountain 9 mlles southeast ot Republlc, In central Fer1·y County; elevation, 4,807 feet. (71) Iron ~fom1t11ln. A mountain south of Skagit River, near Hamilton, in central Skagit County; elevation, 4,886 feet. (77) lrou JUountnlJJ. A mountain on the divide between Trout and Howard cr·eeks, northeast of Index, in southeastern Snohomish County; ele vation, 5,341 feet. (72) Iron ~louutnln. A mountain 1 Y., miles northeast of Granite Falls, In central Snohomish Cou nty; elevation. 1,085 !eel. (77) Tron i'llountnJu. A mountain east of Indian Henrys Hunting Ground, on the southwest slope of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County. (69) lrondule. A town on the shore. about 4 miles south of Por·t Townsend, in northeastern Jefferson County. (1) lrYln. A station on the N. P. R)'., 9 miles east of Spokane. In central S1lokane County; elevation, 2,001 feet. (2) 1.,ubell11 Luke . A lake l 'h miles long, 2¥.: mHes south of Shelton, In southeastern Mason County. (2G) blnnd County. This county lies between Admiralty Inlet and the main land on the east, In the northwestern portion of the state. It Is ma.de up of several Islands, the 111,rgeiit being Whldbey and Camano. Their area totals 208 square miles. The country is level and slightly rolling and the shores a.re deeply Indented w ith bays and harbors. The mean annual range of temperature from January to July Is 22° F. The yearly rainfall Is generally about 21 Inches. This county had 6,487 Inhabitants on J uly l, 1916, according to the Census Bureau. Dairying, fruit, and vegetable raising are t he chief occu pations. Salmon flshlng is also an ex tensive lndust 1·y. Langley, the largest town, and Coupeville. the county seat, with Oak Harbor, constitute the more Important towns ot the county. b lnnd Lnke. A lake 3 miles north of Shelton, in central Mason County. (26) blund Nmnber 2. An Island l \,I, m iles long. In Columbla•River, 6 miles below the mouth of Snake River, in east central Benton County. (32) I8Jnnd lln1>ltl>1, Rapids tn Columbia River, about 12 miles above Beverly, In Grant and Kittitas counties. (31) l>thmd Shonl. Rock Islands In Col'Umbla River, 18 m iles below the mouth of. Nespelem River, In Douglas and Okanogan counties. (31) lslnntlttle. A post office on the east shore ot Lopez Island, In southeast ern San Juan County. (4) b>1u1111nh. A town on the N. P. Ry. (North Bend Branch), about 12 miles east of the southern end of Seattle, In cent1·al King County; elevation, 97 feet. (1) JH"n(11111 h Oreek. A small stream entering Sammamish Lake at its southern end, In central King County. (1) A Geographic Dictionary of TV asMngton 167 rve" Penk. A peak on the Cascade summit, about 23 miles nol'th ot Mount Adams, In Lewis and Yakima counties; elevation, about 7,900 teet. (38) Jnc k Creek. A tributary of Icicle Creek, from the south, In southwest ern Chelan County. (47) Jnck "'lnml. A small lslanc1 northeast of Guemes Island, In northwest ern Skagit County. (6) Jnek:Jum, Oree k. A tributary of Skagit River, from the north, at Van Horn, in north c(lntral Skagit Count~·. (40) Jnck,,oo. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 11 miles east or Sta1·buck, in northeastern Columbia County: elevation, 1,057 feet. (4) Jn<'k8oo. A village on the west slc1e of Cowlitz River, 1 ¥.! miles ,.,outh west or Castle Rock, tn west central Cowlitz County. (4) ,Jnck.. on c o,•e. A small bay on the west side of Hoocl Canal, about 7 miles south or Qullcene, In eastern Jefferson County. (6) Jn('ki Jeft'e r11on. A station on the S. & I. JD. Ry., 36 miles southeast of Spo kane, In southeastern Spokane County; elevation, 2,520 feet. (4) Je.1Ie r11ou Oounty. This county Ji,es In the Olympic Peninsula, in the western part of the state, and borders on the Pacific Ocean. Its area is 1,747 square mUes. The central portion of the county con tains the main peaks of the Olympic Range and Is exceedingly rug ged. The western part of the county ls dominated by a broad plateau. The m-ean annual temperature Is 49° F. and the mean annual range from .Tanuary to July is 22° F. The average annual precipitation Is 75 inches. On July 1, 1916, according to the estimate of the Census Bureau, the county contained 9,987 people. Lumbering and fishing are the g,reatest industries of this county, but dairying and stock raising are becoming Increasingly Important. The largest city and county seat is Port Townsend. Other Important towns of tbe county are Quilcene, Port Ludlow, and Chlmacum. J e ffe rHon Ct"eek. A tributary of Hamma B:amma River, from the south west, in north central Mason County. (19) Jeffe r,cou Point. A point on the west shore of Puget Sound, 4 miles south of K ingston, ln northeastern Kltsa1> County. (5) Jeric ho. A station on the C. M. & St. P. Rl·., 7 miles east oC Beverly, In southern Grant Count)•; elevation, aboul 527 !eel. (41) Jerltt1. A station on the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co.. 5 miles south of La ct·osse, In southwestern \\'hltman County; elevation, 1,566 feet. (4) Jerry. A post office in the northeastern part o! Asotin County, 4 miles west of Asotin. (1) Jlm Creek. A small tributary of South Fork of Stilaguamlsh River, from the east, near Arlington, In norlhwestern Snohomish Co!Jnty. (58) Jim Crow Creek. A small northern tributary of Columbia River, at Brookfield, In southwestern Wahkiakum County. (10) Jin, Crow Point. A point on the north shore of Columbia River, west of Brookfield, in southwestern Wahkiakum County. (10) .Joe Creek. A small stream enteri11g the ocean 3 miles south of Mocllps, In west central Grays Harbor County. (5) Joe Lnke. A small Jake at the head of Gold Creek, near lbe summit o( the Cascade$, in norlbwestern Kittitas County. (74) Jolm Day Rn1•lcJN. Rapids in Columbia River, 2 miles below the mouth of John Day River, In south central Klickitat County. (32) John Duy llnpltJH (JUlddle) Rapids In Columbia River. 1 mile below the mouth of John Day River, In south central Klickitat County. (32) .John Du-y Rnt>ldtc (Ut>t>er) . Rapldls In Columbia River, at the mouth of .John Day River, in south central Klickitat County. (32) John'" Butte. A mountain 14 miles northeast of Mount Adams, near Fish Lake, in southwestern Yakima County; elevation, 5,918 feet. (37) JohW< l8l un d, An islaucl In Washington Sound, east of Stuart Jsland and north of San Juan Island, In northwestern San Juan County. (6) Joht1N P n 11 N. A channel between Johns and Stullrt Islands, in north western San Juan County. (&)" JoflWI Rh,er. A river entering Gr·ays Harbor, from the west, at Mark ham, ln southwestern Grays Harbor County. (54) Johnson. A town on the N. P. Ry., 10 miles south of Pullman, In south eastern Whitman County; elevation, 2,629 feet. Cl) A Geographic Dictionary of Wa11liington 169 J o hm•on Botte . A mountain In Horse Heaven Rills, 9 miles southwest of Kennewick, In southeastern Benton County; elevation, 2,043 reet. (63) Johokon Creek . A small stream entering Washington Harbo1·, from the west, in northeastern Clallam County. (19) .1ohnMon Cr eek. A tributary ot Cowlltz River, from the southeast, at Levris Post Office, In east central Lewis County. (1) .Johnkon Cre ek. A northern tributary or Skookumchuck River, about 7 miles east of Tenino, In south central Thurston County. (45) .John1eon Creek. A tributary or Okanogan River, from the west, at Riverside, In cent1·al Okanogan County. (1) JohnMon Creek. A southwest tributary of Sumas Rlve1·, at Sumas, in no1·thwestem Whatcom County. (79) John,.on Cree k. A small stream entering Columbia River, from the west, near Cohasset, in southeastern Kl ttitas County. ( 4) John1 Judd Cr eek. A small stream on Vashon Islancl, enterlJ1g Quartermaster Harbor from the northwest, In southwestern King County. (SO) Jud.. on Luke. A Jake on the International boundary, about 4- miles west of Sumas, in northwestern Whatcom County. (79) Jug Lnke. A small lake near tJ1e summit of the Cascades, northwest of Cowlitz Pass, in northeastern Lewis County. (38) Jumbo :.Uountuln. A mountain 4 miles south of Darrington, in north central Snohomish County; elevation. 5,806 feet. (77) Juni.bo ~l o untuln. A mountain about 15 miles west of Northport, in northwestern Stevens County; elevation, about 4,500 feet. (16) Jum11-0ff-Joe. A low mountain In Horse Heaven Hills, 7 miles south of Kennewick, in southeastern Bent.on County; elevation, 2,196 feet. (63) JuJ>111-0ft-Joe Luke. A small lake about 4 miles southeast of Valley. In southeastern Stevens County. ( 4) Junction City. A station on the N. P. Ry., 1 mile east o! Cosmopolis. In southwestern Grays Harbor County; elevation, 10 feet. (54) Jllllc tlou Creek. A small tributary of Middle Fork of Hoquiam Rlver, from the northeast, near Polson Landing, In southwestern Grays Harbor County. (54) June Cree_k. A small southern tributary of Carbon River, near Fairfax, In east central Pierce County. (69) J ungle B u tte. A mountain 12 miles southeast ot Mount Adams, east of Klickitat River. In southwestern Yakima County. (37) JunJper Cuuyon. A canyon and Intermittent stream, entering Pine Creek Valley from the north, near Roosevelt. In eastern Klickitat County. (39) .Jm.111,er Cn:uyou. A. canyon with intermittent stream, the western head of Tule Canyon, In northeastern Klickitat County. (8$) JUJ>.l1.1er JUountulu. A ridge about 12 miles northwest of Mount Adams, In northeastern Slrnmania County. (15) ,Juul11er S1,rlug. A spring in Sec. 14, T. 13 N., R. 24 E., on the northern boundary of Benton County. (65) J uuo. A station on the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., 10 miles west or Thornton, in north central Whitman County; elevation, 1,976 feet. (4) Knche,u, Luke. A lake 6 miles lo·ng and 1 mile wide, north of Easton, In west central KJttltas County; elevation, 2,226 feet. (1) Knhlotu... A town on the S. P . & S. Ry., and the line of the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co., in western Franklin County; elevation, 891 feet. (1) Knl.nloek Creek. A stream entering the sea, 5 miles north of tJie mouth of Queets River. In southwestern Jetterson County. (19) Knlnmn. The county seat of Cowlitz County, on the N. P. Ry., and Co lumbia River; elevation. 21 feet. (1) Knlomu Rh•er. A tributary of Columbia River, from the east, In south ern Cowlitz County. (1) Knmlnk l'llountnln. A mountain 5 miles southwest of Palouse, In east central Whitman County; elevation, 3,650 feet.. (67) Kumllche_. A vlllage al the bead of Skookum Inlet, 6 m iles south of Shelton, In southeastern Mason County. (1) K,urnlku Creek. A small northern tributary of Columbia River, at Stevenson, In south central S!kamanla County. (63) A Geographic Dictionary of 1V ashington 171 K onnk11 Dny. A small bay west of False Bay, in southwestern San Juan County. (6) Knon,,kel. A station on the N. P. Ry., 21 miles east of Auburn, In south central King County; elevation, 845 feet. (4) ICnne. A station on the N. P. Ry., 1 mile north of Prairie, in northwest ern Skagit County; elevation, 270 feet. Konem Point. A point at the west encl of Protection !stand, In north ea11tern Jel'ferson County. (19) Kongle;y. A station on the N. P. Ry., 4: miles north oC Palmer Junctlon, Jn central King County; elevation, 958 feet. (4) (Cnnlk,m Nutlouul l<' orel!II, A forest located In the northeastern part or the state, and extending into Idaho. In Washington It Is all con tained in Pend Oreille County, embracing 258,776 acres. The office of the 11upervlsor Is at Newport. ( 1) -icavow.,10. A town on the Tacoma Easter11 Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 23 miles southeast of Tacoma, In central Pierce County; elevation, 630 feet. (1 > JCn1,ow,.1n L,Lke. A lake about 2¥, miles long, at Kapowsln, In central Pierce Count}•. (25) Korruuln. A 11tatlon on the S. & B. C . .Ry., 17 miles north of Republic, in north central Ferry County. (16) KmcltukuddJh Point. A point on the coast, about 10 miles east of Cape Flatte1·y, In northwestern Clallam County. (5) 1<11ut>1 Creek. A northern tributary of Nlsqually River, southwest of Mount Rainier, In southeastern Pierce County. (69) ICnutz Ghtcler. A narrow glacier, about 31/., m lies long, on the southern slope of Mount Rainier. (69) Kearney Creek. A small tributary ot Newaukum River, from the east, near Alpha, In cenil·al Lewis County. (45) Keeeh ehu•. A station on the C. M. & St. P. RY.. near the north encl of Keechelus Lake, In northwestern Kittitas County; elevation, 2,531 feet. (0 Kee<'he lu1' Loke. A lake 4 miles long, al the head of Yakima River, near Snoc1ualmle Pass, In northwestern Kittitas County; elevation, 2,458 feet. (1) Keller. A town on Sanpoll River, 8 miles from Columbia R iver, in south ern Feny County. (1) Kellett Bluff. A headland at the south end of Henry Island, in wesl cenll·al San JuaJ1 County, (6) K e lle tt Le,lp:e. A rock In Rosario Strait, near the southeastern shore of Lopez Jslancl, in southeastern Sa.n Juan County. (6) K e lley Creek. A tributary of ·Martin Creek, near Cascade Tunnel, in northeastern King County. (72) Reiley Hollow. A small valley with Intermittent stream, entering Wenas Valley from the northeast, In north central Yakima County. (61) u :elly JMlnud. An Island In Clark Fork, at Newporl, on the boundary llne between Washington and Idaho. (90) Kelly,i C reek. A small northerrt tributary of Nlsqually River, 1 mile west of AshCord, In south ce11lral Pierce County. (25) 17~ Bulletin No . 17, Wash.ington Geological Survey I K e h10. This town is located Jn the southwestern part o! Cowlitz CountY, on Cowlitz River, 10 miles no,·th of Kalama. It has an altitude of 26 feet. It has four saw mills and two shingle plants. It is served by the G. N. and N. P. railways and the 0.-·w. R.R. & N . Co. Boats run to Portland and Astoria. The region tributary ls occupied in fruit growing, dairying and general tarmlng. Large amounts ot smelt a1·e shipped from here. The population in 1010 was 2,039. Ke.ndn.1.l. A town on the B. & N. Ry. (C. M. & St. P. Ry.), 11 miles south east of Sumas, in north central ,vhatcom County; elevation, 447 feet. (1) J{e.ndull l'e uk. A mountain 2 miles northeast of Snoqualmie Pass, in northwestern Kltlitas County; elevation, about 5,300 feet. (74.) K enmore.. A station on the N. P. Ry., at the north end o! Lake Wash ington, l.n northwestern King County. (4) K en ned y Cr eek, A stream In Thurston and Mason counties, rising in Ct·ooked Lake and emptying into Totten Inlet. (4) K e nne.wick . This town is located on Columbia River, In east central Benton County. The allltude la 356 feet. The transpo1·tation racLU tles are excellent. It Is on the llnes o! the N. P. and S. P. & s. railways and the 0.-W. R. R. & N. Co. The town has a flour mill, an electric plant, box factory, broom factory, cold storage and bot tling works, grape juice factory, sheet metal works, and a planing mill. Its population In 1910 was 1,219. K e n u y tlnle. A town on the P. C. R. R.. 3 miles north of Renton, In wesl central King County; elevation, 223 feet. (4) K eno,·n, A station on the C. M. & St. P. Ry., 5 miles west or Malden, In north central Whitman County; elevation, 1,980 feet. (4) u :.eot. A town In White River Valley, In the southwestern part of King County, about midway belween Seattle and Tacoma. It has an altitude of 42 feet. Its t1·ansportatlon facilities are excellent, since It Is located on all of the main line railways that serve Seattle and Tacoma. Among !ts industries It has three sawmills, a shingle mill, a wire factory, a milk condensery, and a bed factory. The tributary country is occupied in dairying and farming. The town had a popu lation of 1,908 in 1910. Ker-...,. A village one mile north o! Woodland. in south central Cowlitz County. (27) Kerrll'lton. A station on the N. P. Ry. (terminus or Green River Branch), 19 miles north ot Palmer Jun K e t11e ntver Runge. A range of mountains extending north and south, In northeastern Fert')' County: maximum elevation, about 7,200 feet. (16) K en,ort. A town at the entrance to Liberty Bay, In central Kitsap County. (4) Keystone. A town in the northeast corner of Adams County, on the N. 1'. Ry.: elevation, 1,942 teet. (l) Kt Lllke, A small lake 3 miles west of English station, in northwe,stern Snohomish County. (68) l K l kkJt ut Cou.oty. Tl\ls county lies In the south central -part of the state. with Columbia River ai. Its southern boundary. It has an area of 1,825 square miles. The county Is mountainous In Its west ern part, but the remainder or the section Is made up of rolling plains and p lateaus dissected by n1Jmerous valleys. The mean an nual temperature Is 50 ° F., and the annual range from January to July Is 37° F. The annual rainfall Is generally Jess than 20 Inches. The Indian name which the county bears means "robber." AgrJ culture and horticulture form the main Industries. There Is also some salmon fishing in the river, and a considerable amount of Jum ber·ing. Goldendale is the county seat and largest town. White Salmon, Blckleton, Lyle, Guler, Centerville, GlenwooG Oriz.~r'I I 4.eG 9 2.58 I "295G9 N