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The Papers of Sir Thomas Aiskew Larcom

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The Papers of Sir Thomas Aiskew Larcom Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann National Library of Ireland Collection List No. 127 Larcom Papers [MSS 7457-7588, 7590-7683, 7685-7792] (Accession 1011) The personal and administrative papers of Sir Thomas Aiskew Larcom (1801-79), Assistant Supervisor of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland (1828-48) and Under-Secretary of State for Ireland (1853-69), consisting of 337 volumes of letters, pamphlets, memoranda and news cuttings. Compiled by Stephen Ball, Ph.D., Temporary Cataloguer, 2007. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................4 Biography .............................................................................................................................4 Collection .............................................................................................................................4 Arrangement .........................................................................................................................5 Related materials ..................................................................................................................5 Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................6 I. PERSONAL PAPERS ........................................................................................................7 I.i. Personal correspondence.................................................................................................7 I.ii. Offices............................................................................................................................7 I.iii. Science and technology.................................................................................................8 I.iv. Obituaries......................................................................................................................9 II. SURVEYS ..........................................................................................................................9 II.i. Boundary survey............................................................................................................9 II.ii. Ordnance Survey ........................................................................................................10 II.iii. Down Survey.............................................................................................................13 III. POLITICAL AFFAIRS.................................................................................................14 III.i. International affairs ....................................................................................................14 III.ii. Royal family..............................................................................................................16 III.iii. Parliamentary politics...............................................................................................16 III.iv. Vaticanism................................................................................................................18 III.v. Electoral and parliamentary reform...........................................................................19 III.vi. Industrial unrest........................................................................................................20 IV. IRISH ADMINISTRATION.........................................................................................21 IV.i. Irish Executive............................................................................................................21 IV.i.1. Lord Lieutenant...................................................................................................21 IV.i.2. Chief Secretary....................................................................................................22 IV.i.3. Thomas Drummond, Under Secretary ................................................................23 IV.i.4. Civil Service........................................................................................................23 IV.ii. Law and Order...........................................................................................................23 IV.ii.1. Law Courts.........................................................................................................23 IV.ii.2. Constabulary ......................................................................................................24 IV.iii. Education .................................................................................................................27 IV.iv. Social and Economic Policy.....................................................................................30 IV.iv.1. Condition of Ireland ..........................................................................................30 IV.iv.2. Lunatic Asylums & Hospitals ...........................................................................33 IV.iv.3. Poor Law ...........................................................................................................33 IV.iv.4. Board of Works .................................................................................................34 IV.iv.5. Census ...............................................................................................................34 IV.iv.6. Taxation.............................................................................................................35 IV.v. Agriculture and Fisheries ..........................................................................................35 IV.v.1. Agricultural statistics..........................................................................................35 IV.v.2. Cattle disease......................................................................................................35 IV.v.3. Fisheries .............................................................................................................36 IV.vi. Transport and Communications ...............................................................................36 2 IV.vi.1. Transatlantic Cable and Packet .........................................................................36 IV.vi.2. Railways............................................................................................................36 IV.vii. City of Dublin .........................................................................................................37 IV.viii. Land Question........................................................................................................38 IV.viii.1. Landlord and Tenant .......................................................................................38 IV.viii.2. Land sales........................................................................................................40 V. NATIONAL POLITICS..................................................................................................40 V.i. Fenianism ....................................................................................................................40 V.ii. Nationalist movement.................................................................................................44 V.iii. Elections....................................................................................................................47 VI. MISCELLANIOUS TOPICS........................................................................................48 3 INTRODUCTION Biography Thomas Larcom was born at Gosport, Hampshire on 22 April 1801. The son of a naval officer, he studied at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich and was commissioned in the Royal Engineers. In 1824, he joined the Ordnance Survey and in 1826 was transferred to Ireland. Two years later, Larcom was appointed as assistant at the Ordnance Survey headquarters in Phoenix Park. He supervised the compilation of the 6-inch survey maps and encouraged the systematic collection of scientific and historical data on the localities concerned. He was, however, frustrated in his plan to have descriptive memoirs of the survey published. Larcom married Georgina D’Aguilar, the daughter of General Sir George D’Aguilar in 1840. One year later he was appointed as a census commissioner and was responsible for large-scale changes in the collection and classification of statistics. He also served on commissions of inquiry into the state of the Royal Irish Society (1842) and the Queen’s Colleges (1845). When, in 1848, the Irish survey was brought under the control of the Ordnance Survey headquarters in England Larcom was removed from his post. He subsequently held temporary posts with the Board of Works and the Famine Relief and Boundary Reform Commissions before being appointed Under-Secretary for Ireland in 1853, the post having been made non-political and, therefore, a permanent appointment. During his period as Under-Secretary for Ireland Larcom acquired a reputation as a firm yet even-handed official. He used his wide knowledge of Ireland and Irish affairs, acquired during his years as a surveyor, to improve the efficiency of the Irish administration through the collection of copious and accurate information. He initiated and supervised reforms to the poor law and local government, and improvements to the public health system, including the greater provision of medical dispensaries, and the improvement of sewerage works. Larcom also sought to exercise an ever greater vigilance over the Irish people through the efficient use of the Irish Constabulary.
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