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TR-552: Propargyl Alcohol (CASRN 107-19-7) in F344/N Rats

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TR-552: Propargyl Alcohol (CASRN 107-19-7) in F344/N Rats NTP TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS STUDIES OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (CAS NO. 107-19-7) IN F344/N RATS AND B6C3F1 MICE (INHALATION STUDIES) NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 September 2008 NTP 552 NIH Publication No. 08-5893 National Institutes of Health Public Health Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FOREWORD The National Toxicology Program (NTP) is an interagency program within the Public Health Service (PHS) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and is headquartered at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIEHS/NIH). Three agencies contribute resources to the program: NIEHS/NIH, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NIOSH/CDC), and the National Center for Toxicological Research of the Food and Drug Administration (NCTR/FDA). Established in 1978, the NTP is charged with coordinating toxicological testing activities, strengthening the science base in toxicology, developing and validating improved testing methods, and providing information about potentially toxic substances to health regulatory and research agencies, scientific and medical communities, and the public. The Technical Report series began in 1976 with carcinogenesis studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute. In 1981, this bioassay program was transferred to the NTP. The studies described in the Technical Report series are designed and conducted to characterize and evaluate the toxicologic potential, including carcinogenic activity, of selected substances in laboratory animals (usually two species, rats and mice). Substances selected for NTP toxicity and carcinogenicity studies are chosen primarily on the basis of human exposure, level of production, and chemical structure. The interpretive conclusions presented in NTP Technical Reports are based only on the results of these NTP studies. Extrapolation of these results to other species, including characterization of hazards and risks to humans, requires analyses beyond the intent of these reports. Selection per se is not an indicator of a substance’s carcinogenic potential. The NTP conducts its studies in compliance with its laboratory health and safety guidelines and FDA Good Laboratory Practice Regulations and must meet or exceed all applicable federal, state, and local health and safety regulations. Animal care and use are in accordance with the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Animals. Studies are subjected to retrospective quality assurance audits before being presented for public review. NTP Technical Reports are indexed in the NIH/NLM PubMed database and are available free of charge electronically on the NTP website (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov) or in hardcopy upon request from the NTP Central Data Management group at [email protected] or (919) 541-3419. NTP TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS STUDIES OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (CAS NO. 107-19-7) IN F344/N RATS AND B6C3F1 MICE (INHALATION STUDIES) NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 September 2008 NTP 552 NIH Publication No. 08-5893 National Institutes of Health Public Health Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 2 CONTRIBUTORS National Toxicology Program NTP Pathology Working Group Evaluated and interpreted results and reported findings Evaluated slides and prepared pathology report on rats (November 17, 2005) M.J. Hooth, Ph.D., Study Scientist W.G. Lieuallen, D.V.M., Ph.D., Chairperson G.P. Flake, M.D., Study Pathologist Pathology Associates, A Charles River Company D.W. Bristol, Ph.D. K.J. Cimon, D.V.M., M.S. J.R. Bucher, Ph.D. Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. L.T. Burka, Ph.D. G.P. Flake, M.D. R.S. Chhabra, Ph.D. National Toxicology Program R.A. Herbert, D.V.M., Ph.D. R.A. Herbert, D.V.M., Ph.D. A.P. King-Herbert, D.V.M. National Toxicology Program G.E. Kissling, Ph.D. D.E. Malarkey, D.V.M., Ph.D. D.E. Malarkey, D.V.M., Ph.D. National Toxicology Program S.D. Peddada, Ph.D. J.C. Peckham, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D. Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. J.H. Roycroft, Ph.D. N. Wakamatsu, D.V.M., Ph.D., Observer C.S. Smith, Ph.D. National Toxicology Program G.S. Travlos, D.V.M. K.L. Witt, M.S. Evaluated slides and prepared pathology report on mice (February 14, 2006) Battelle Toxicology Northwest W.G. Lieuallen, D.V.M., Ph.D., Chairperson Conducted studies and evaluated pathology findings Pathology Associates, A Charles River Company G.P. Flake, M.D. J.A. Dill, Ph.D., Principal Investigator National Toxicology Program D.D. Dietz, Ph.D. S.A. Elmore, D.V.M., M.S. S.L. Grumbein, D.V.M., Ph.D. National Toxicology Program B.K. Hayden, D.V.M., Ph.D. R.A. Herbert, D.V.M., Ph.D. S.J. Harbo, D.V.M. National Toxicology Program R.A. Renne, D.V.M. D.E. Malarkey, D.V.M., Ph.D. D.L. Sly, D.V.M. National Toxicology Program J.C. Peckham, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D. Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. Provided pathology review C.C. Shackelford, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D. Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. M.H. Hamlin, II, D.V.M., Principal Investigator K.J. Cimon, D.V.M., M.S. TherImmune Research Corporation J.C. Peckham, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D. Provided SMVCE Analysis C.C. Shackelford, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D. G.W. Wolfe, Ph.D., Principal Investigator H.S. Seung, M.S. Dynamac Corporation Prepared quality assessment audits S. Brecher, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Propargyl Alcohol, NTP TR 552 3 Constella Group, Inc. Biotechnical Services, Inc. Provided statistical analyses Prepared Technical Report P.W. Crockett, Ph.D. S.R. Gunnels, M.A., Principal Investigator L.J. Betz, M.S. B.F. Hall, M.S. K.P. McGowan, M.B.A. L.M. Harper, B.S. J.I. Powers, M.A.P. D.C. Serbus, Ph.D. 4 CONTENTS ABSTRACT . 7 EXPLANATION OF LEVELS OF EVIDENCE OF CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY................. 12 TECHNICAL REPORTS REVIEW SUBCOMMITTEE........................................ 13 SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL REPORTS REVIEW SUBCOMMITTEE COMMENTS............. 14 INTRODUCTION . 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 23 RESULTS ............................................................................... 35 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS........................................................ 63 REFERENCES........................................................................... 67 APPENDIX A Summary of Lesions in Male Rats in the 2-Year Inhalation Study of Propargyl Alcohol........................................................ 73 APPENDIX B Summary of Lesions in Female Rats in the 2-Year Inhalation Study of Propargyl Alcohol........................................................ 89 APPENDIX C Summary of Lesions in Male Mice in the 2-Year Inhalation Study of Propargyl Alcohol........................................................ 103 APPENDIX D Summary of Lesions in Female Mice in the 2-Year Inhalation Study of Propargyl Alcohol........................................................ 117 APPENDIX E Genetic Toxicology . 129 APPENDIX F Clinical Pathology Results . 135 APPENDIX G Organ Weights and Organ-Weight-to-Body-Weight Ratios . 145 APPENDIX H Reproductive Tissue Evaluations and Estrous Cycle Characterization . 151 APPENDIX I Chemical Characterization and Generation of Chamber Concentrations ............ 155 APPENDIX J Ingredients, Nutrient Composition, and Contaminant Levels in NTP-2000 Rat and Mouse Ration........................................... 165 APPENDIX K Sentinel Animal Program.................................................... 169 Propargyl Alcohol, NTP TR 552 5 SUMMARY Background Propargyl alcohol is used in a variety of chemical manufacturing processes and to protect steel from becoming brittle. We studied propargyl alcohol to determine if it caused cancer in rats or mice. Methods We exposed groups of 50 male and female rats and mice to air containing propargyl alcohol six hours per day for two years. Rats were exposed to concentrations of 16, 32, or 64 parts per million (ppm) of propargyl alcohol in air, and mice were exposed to concentrations of 8, 16, or 32 ppm. Similar groups of 50 animals were exposed to clean air in the same inhalation chambers six hours per day as the untreated control groups. Tissues from more than 40 sites were examined for every animal. Results All groups of animals exposed to propargyl alcohol experienced a variety of lesions in the epithelial tissues of the nose, including hyperplasia, metaplasia, and inflammation. Adenomas of the respiratory epithelium of the nose were observed in male rats and in male and female mice exposed to propargyl alcohol. The rate of mononuclear cell leukemia was also increased in exposed male rats, and the rate of Harderian gland adenomas was increased in exposed male mice. Conclusions We conclude that the increased occurrences of adenomas of the epithelium of the nose in male rats and in male and female mice and of mononuclear cell leukemia in male rats were caused by exposure to propargyl alcohol. An increased occurrence of adenomas of the Harderian gland in male mice may also have been associated with exposure to propargyl alcohol. 6 Propargyl Alcohol, NTP TR 552 7 ABSTRACT Propargyl Alcohol CAS No. 107-19-7 Chemical Formula: C3H4O Molecular Weight: 56.06 Synonyms: Ethynylcarbinol; 1-hydroxy-2-propyne; 3-hydroxy-1-propyne; PA; 1-propyn-3-ol; 1-propyn-3-yl alcohol; 2-propynol; 3-propynol; propynyl alcohol; 2-propynyl alcohol Propargyl alcohol is a commercially available acetylenic and one 125 ppm female died on day 5. Mean body primary alcohol. It is also a by-product in the industrial weights were significantly decreased in 62.5 ppm males synthesis of butynediol from acetylene and formaldehyde and 125 ppm females. Clinical findings in the 125 with copper acetylide as catalyst. Propargyl alcohol is and 250 ppm groups included lethargy, ataxia, abnor- used as a reactant/chemical intermediate, pharmaceuti- mal breathing, and nasal/eye discharge. Right kidney cal intermediate, agricultural chemical intermediate, weights of 62.5 and 125 ppm females and liver weights soil fumigant, corrosion inhibitor, solvent stabilizer, and of 125 ppm females were significantly greater than those polymer modifier.
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