Uttar Pradesh (UP) Dominates, and Indeed Is Often
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Chapter - 1 Uttar Pradesh : An Overview ttar Pradesh (UP) dominates, and indeed is often Box 1.1: Salient Demographic and Economic Features U seen to represent, the region described as the “Hindi- of the State speaking heartland” of India. UP’s population is the highest in the country and it is the fifth largest State. 1 Population, (crore) 2001 16.62 On November 9, 2000, 13 districts of the Hill region 2 Geographical area (lakh sq.km.) 2001 2.41 as well as the district of Hardwar in the west were 3 Population density (per sq.km.) 2001 689 reconstituted into the new State of Uttaranchal. At the 4 Forest area (lakh ha.) 2001-02 16.9 moment, UP covers 240928 sq.kms. and accounts for 7.3 5 Culturable waste/usar land (lakh ha.) 2001-02 11.1 percent of total area of the country, while its share in country’s population is 16.2 percent. UP is organized into 6 Fallow land (lakh ha.) 2001-02 16.5 70 districts, 300 tehsils and 813 development blocks. There 7 Cultivated Land (lakh ha.) 2001-02 168.1 are 52028 village panchayats in the State covering 97134 8 Percentage share in total workers (2001) inhabited villages. The majority of UP’s villages are small, 1. Agriculture 66.0 with an average population of around 3194 per panchayat. 2. House hold Industries 6.0 Situated in the Indo-Gangetic plain and intersected 3. Other services 28.0 by rivers, UP has had a long history of human settlement. 9 Percentage share in State Income The fertile plains of the Ganga have led to a high (2002-03) population density and the dominance of agriculture as an economic activity. 1. Agriculture 31.8 As in other parts of India, land is the single most 2. Manufacturing 10.9 important resource. However, per capita availability of 10 Irrigation potential created against land has been declining. It stood at a meagre 0.10 hectare ultimate potential (%) (2001-02) in 2001-02. The average size of land holdings in the State 1. Surface Water 64.3 in 1995-96 was only 0.86 hectare, with nearly three fourth 2. Ground Water 68.9 holdings falling below one hectare. Small land holdings 11 Village connectivity (%) 31.3.02 51.1 continue to be a major obstacle in the development of 12 Village electrified capital formation and growth in agriculture and is one of (%) (Only by L.T. Mains) 2002-03 58.4 the reasons for widespread poverty. Source : Annual Plan GOUP 2004-05 Vol. I (PartI) Page I and After the creation of Uttaranchal, UP’s forest area Statistical Diary 2003 declined from 52 lakh hectares to 16.9 lakh hectares, creating a serious imbalance. Today, even the 5 percent of the total area which is under forest has suffered Classes constituted 35.52 percent and Scheduled Castes extensive environmental degradation. The State is, and Tribes were 24.03 percent. In the reorganised state as however, rich in surface and ground water resources. Over per 2001 census Hindus constitute 80.6 percent of the state’s three-fourth of the sown area is irrigated mostly through population Muslims constitute 18.5 percent and other religious tubewells. UP also has a fairly large canal network. minorities constitute 0.9 percent of the state population. Scheduled Castes and Tribes constitute 21.15 percent and 0.07 Social Profile percent of the population respectively. There are diverse religious and social groups. Traditional social inequalities inevitably affect the According to the 1991 Census, religious minorities formed distribution of economic assets. Deep inequalities across 18.5 percent of the population, Muslims alone accounting gender and social groups thus have a crucial bearing on for 17.7 percent of the population.Scheduled Castes and human development. These have been analysed in some Scheduleld Tribes formed 21.01 and 0.21 percent of the detail in Chapters 6 and 7. undivided State’s population. Estimates of population based on the National Sample Dimensions of Human Development Survey of 1999-00 (55th Round) showed that Hindus A summary of important human development belonging to upper and intermediate castes were 22.73 indicators for 18 major States of the country is given in percent of the State’s population, while Other Backward Table 1.1. In terms of per capita income UP ranks 15th just Uttar Pradesh : An Overview 1 above Bihar and Orissa, while in terms of poverty it ranks The juvenile sex ratio is now identified as an 11th, just ahead of Orissa, Bihar, Assam and Madhya important indicator on the status of women in society. Pradesh. UP’s literacy rate is an improvement only from The 0-6 sex ratio (females per thousand males in the 0 to Bihar and Jharkhand. UP’s life expectancy ranks 11th and 6 year age group) is only 916 – making UP’s deficit of girl the infant mortality rate is considerably lower than the children lower than Punjab, Haryana., Gujrat, Maharastra, national average. Rajasthan and Uttranchal. Table 1.1: Selected Human Development Indicators for UP and Other States S.No. States IMR Life Literacy Rate Sex Ratio Per Cap % Persons below Expectancy Total Female 0 to 6 yrs NSDP (Rs)** Poverty Line 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 1998-99 1999-00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Andhra Pradesh 65 63.9 61.11 51.17 978 13993 15.8 2 Assam 75 59.9 64.28 56.03 932 8826 36.1 3 Bihar 62 65.2 47.53 33.57 921 4474 42.6 4 Gujarat 62 63.6 69.97 58.60 921 18815 14.1 5 Haryana 67 67.0 68.59 56.31 861 19716 8.7 6 Karnataka 57 64.4 67.04 57.45 964 15420 20.0 7 Kerala 14 73.3 90.92 87.86 1,058 16029 12.7 8 Madhya Pradesh 87 58.6 64.11 50.28 920 10682 37.4 9 Maharashtra 48 68.3 77.27 67.51 922 20356 25.0 10 Orissa 95 59.9 63.61 50.97 972 8324 47.2 11 Punjab 52 70.9 69.95 63.55 874 21184 6.2 12 Rajasthan 79 62.5 61.03 44.34 922 12348 15.3 13 Tamil Nadu 51 68.4 73.47 64.55 986 17613 21.1 14 Uttar Pradesh 83 63.8 57.36 42.98 898 8633 31.2 Rank of UP (16) (11) (14) (14) (16) (15) (11) 15 West Bengal 51 67.7 69.22 60.22 934 13614 27.0 New States : 16 Chhattisgarh* 79 - 65.18 52.40 990 10056 - 17 Jharkhand* 70 - 54.13 39.38 941 9126 - 18 Uttaranchal* 50 - 72.28 60.26 964 - - India 68 65.4 65.38 54.16 933 14682 26.1 **At Current Prices Source : Col 2- SRS Bulletin, April 2002; Col. 3: RGI (xx); Col. 4-6: Census, 2001, Provisional Results (RGI); Col 7-Economic Survey 2002-2003; Col 3 Economic Survey 2002-2003 Now the final results of census 2001 as well as updated statistics of some of the indicators are available. On the basis of these the updated human development indicators for the major states are being given in table 1.1(a), which shows that the position of U.P. more or less remains unchanged. Human Development Report, Uttar Pradesh 2 Updated Table Table 1.1(a) : Selected Human Development Indicators for UP and Other States S.No. States*** IMR Life Literacy Rate Sex Ratio Per Cap % Persons below Expectancy Total Female 0 to 6 yrs NSDP (Rs)** Poverty Line 2002 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001-02 1999-00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Andhra Pradesh 62 63.9 60.5 50.4 961 17916 15.8 2 Assam 70 59.9 63.3 54.6 965 11024 36.1 3 Bihar 61 65.2 47.0 33.7 942 5445 42.6 4 Gujarat 60 63.6 69.1 57.8 883 20695 14.1 5 Haryana 62 67.0 67.0 55.7 819 24820 8.7 6 Karnataka 55 64.4 66.6 56.9 946 17518 20.0 7 Kerala 10 73.3 90.9 87.7 960 22668 12.7 8 Madhya Pradesh 85 58.6 63.7 50.3 932 12027 37.4 9 Maharashtra 45 68.3 76.9 67.0 913 24248 25.0 10 Orissa 87 59.9 63.1 50.5 953 10021 47.2 11 Punjab 51 70.9 69.7 63.4 798 25652 ** 6.2 12 Rajasthan 78 62.5 60.4 43.9 909 13738 15.3 13 Tamil Nadu 44 68.4 73.5 64.4 942 20315 21.1 14 Uttar Pradesh 80 63.8 56.3 42.2 916 9753 ** 31.2 Rank of UP (16) (11) (16) (16) (12) (15) (11) 15 West Bengal 49 67.7 68.6 59.6 960 17875 27.0 New States : 16 Chhattisgarh* 73 - 64.7 51.9 975 11952 - 17 Jharkhand* 51 - 53.6 38.9 965 - - 18 Uttaranchal* 41 - 71.6 59.6 908 - - India 63 65.4 64.8 53.7 927 17947 26.1 Source:*** Office of the Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Economic Survey 2003-04 l 2001-02 Revised ** To be Revised The development of non-farm sector must be seen as the route for escape from poverty. Higher agricultural productivity is also crucial in rural poverty reduction. UP requires massive investment in human capital. The present report investigates various issues related to the low human development status of UP and suggests methods of change.