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Questions on Human Anatomy
Standard Medical Text-books. ROBERTS’ PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. The Theory and Practice of Medicine. By Frederick T. Roberts, m.d. Third edi- tion. Octavo. Price, cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00 Recommended at University of Pennsylvania. Long Island College Hospital, Yale and Harvard Colleges, Bishop’s College, Montreal; Uni- versity of Michigan, and over twenty other medical schools. MEIGS & PEPPER ON CHILDREN. A Practical Treatise on Diseases of Children. By J. Forsyth Meigs, m.d., and William Pepper, m.d. 7th edition. 8vo. Price, cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00 Recommended at thirty-five of the principal medical colleges in the United States, including Bellevue Hospital, New York, University of Pennsylvania, and Long Island College Hospital. BIDDLE’S MATERIA MEDICA. Materia Medica, for the Use of Students and Physicians. By the late Prof. John B Biddle, m.d., Professor of Materia Medica in Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia. The Eighth edition. Octavo. Price, cloth, $4.00 Recommended in colleges in all parts of the UnitedStates. BYFORD ON WOMEN. The Diseases and Accidents Incident to Women. By Wm. H. Byford, m.d., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the Chicago Medical College. Third edition, revised. 164 illus. Price, cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00 “ Being particularly of use where questions of etiology and general treatment are concerned.”—American Journal of Obstetrics. CAZEAUX’S GREAT WORK ON OBSTETRICS. A practical Text-book on Midwifery. The most complete book now before the profession. Sixth edition, illus. Price, cloth, $6.00 ; leather, $7.00 Recommended at nearly fifty medical schools in the United States. -
MRI-Based Assessment of Masticatory Muscle Changes in TMD Patients After Whiplash Injury
Journal of Clinical Medicine Article MRI-Based Assessment of Masticatory Muscle Changes in TMD Patients after Whiplash Injury Yeon-Hee Lee 1,* , Kyung Mi Lee 2 and Q-Schick Auh 1 1 Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, #613 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, #26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-958-9409; Fax: +82-2-968-0588 Abstract: Objective: to investigate the change in volume and signal in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) after whiplash injury, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to correlate them with other clinical parameters. Methods: ninety patients (64 women, 26 men; mean age: 39.36 ± 15.40 years), including 45 patients with symptoms of TMD after whiplash injury (wTMD), and 45 age- and sex- matched controls with TMD due to idiopathic causes (iTMD) were included. TMD was diagnosed using the study diagnostic criteria for TMD Axis I, and MRI findings of the TMJ and masticatory muscles were investigated. To evaluate the severity of TMD pain and muscle tenderness, we used a visual analog scale (VAS), palpation index (PI), and neck PI. Results: TMD indexes, including VAS, PI, and neck PI were significantly higher in the wTMD group. In the wTMD group, muscle tenderness was highest in the masseter muscle (71.1%), and muscle tenderness in the temporalis (60.0%), lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) (22.2%), and medial pterygoid muscle (15.6%) was significantly more frequent than that in the iTMD group (all p < 0.05). -
Tinnitus and Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Subtypes
TINNITUS AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER SUBTYPES SUSEE PRIYANKA RAVURI A thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DENTISTRY University of Washington 2017 Committee Edmond L. Truelove Peggy Lee Lloyd A. Mancl Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Oral Medicine 1 © Copyright 2017 Susee Priyanka Ravuri 2 University of Washington ABSTRACT Tinnitus And Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Subtypes Susee Priyanka Ravuri Edmond L. Truelove B.S., D.D.S., M.S.D. Oral Medicine OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of tinnitus within a TMD population and to determine an association between the presence of tinnitus and type of TMD diagnoses. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was performed using data from ‘Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) baseline (Validation project) study and follow up (Impact project) study. Self-reported questionnaires for reporting tinnitus and medical history and gold standard diagnoses after clinical examination were used. Log-binomial regression was used to compute risk ratios for tinnitus by TMD subtype and adjusted for patient characteristics. All statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.3 software (SAS Institute), and a two-sided significance level of 0.05 to determined statistical significance (p<0.05). RESULTS: At baseline, 614 subjects met required criteria for TMD diagnosis. Prevalence of tinnitus within sample was 41% (253 of 614). Approximately 80% of TMD subjects received a MPD diagnosis. Tinnitus frequency in the MPD group was 48% (238/495) while subjects without MPD diagnosis the rate of tinnitus was 13% (15 of 119). Using log-binomial regression analysis, the risk ratio for tinnitus was calculated. -
New Knowledge Resource for Anatomy Enables Comprehensive Searches of the Literature on the Feeding Muscles of Mammals
RESEARCH ARTICLE Muscle Logic: New Knowledge Resource for Anatomy Enables Comprehensive Searches of the Literature on the Feeding Muscles of Mammals Robert E. Druzinsky1*, James P. Balhoff2, Alfred W. Crompton3, James Done4, Rebecca Z. German5, Melissa A. Haendel6, Anthony Herrel7, Susan W. Herring8, Hilmar Lapp9,10, Paula M. Mabee11, Hans-Michael Muller4, Christopher J. Mungall12, Paul W. Sternberg4,13, a11111 Kimberly Van Auken4, Christopher J. Vinyard5, Susan H. Williams14, Christine E. Wall15 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 2 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4 Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, M/C 156–29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, 5 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America, 6 Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, ’ OPEN ACCESS United States of America, 7 Département d Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 8 University of Washington, Department of Orthodontics, Seattle, Citation: Druzinsky RE, Balhoff JP, Crompton AW, Washington, United States of America, 9 National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, North Carolina, Done J, German RZ, Haendel MA, et al. (2016) United States of America, 10 Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, Muscle Logic: New Knowledge Resource for North Carolina, United States of America, 11 Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America, 12 Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Anatomy Enables Comprehensive Searches of the Berkeley, California, United States of America, 13 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, M/C 156–29, California Literature on the Feeding Muscles of Mammals. -
A Transneuronal Analysis of the Olivocochlear and the Middle Ear Muscle Reflex Pathways
$WUDQVQHXURQDODQDO\VLVRIWKH ROLYRFRFKOHDUDQGWKHPLGGOHHDU PXVFOHUHIOH[SDWKZD\V 6XGHHS0XNHUML Dissertation for the degree of philosophiae doctor (PhD) at the University of Bergen Dissertation date: “There is nothing noble in being superior to your fellow man; true nobility is being superior to your former self.” -Ernest Hemmingway CONTENTS ________________________________________________________________________ 1. Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………..............4 2. Scientific Environment………………………………………………………................6 3. Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………7 4. List of publications……………………………………………………………............10 5. Abbreviations………………………………………………………………….............11 6. Introduction 6.1 Middle ear muscles………………………………………………............13 6.2 Middle ear muscle function……………………………………...............15 6.3 Middle ear muscle reflex…………………………………………...........17 6.4 The descending limb: motoneurons……………………………………...20 6.5 Synapses………………………………………………………………….24 6.6 Clinical applications………………………………...................................28 6.7 Clinical syndromes……………………………………………………….30 6.7 Olivocochlear reflex pathway……………………………………............32 6.8 Reflex interneurons………………………………………………............34 6.9 Transneuronal labeling of reflex pathways………………………............36 7. Study aims…………………………………………………………………….............43 8. Methodology…………………………………………………………….....................45 9. Summary of results 9.1 Study 1. Nature of labeled components of the tensor tympani muscle reflex pathway and possible non-auditory neuronal inputs……………………...49 -
Computed Tomography of the Buccomasseteric Region: 1
605 Computed Tomography of the Buccomasseteric Region: 1. Anatomy Ira F. Braun 1 The differential diagnosis to consider in a patient presenting with a buccomasseteric James C. Hoffman, Jr. 1 region mass is rather lengthy. Precise preoperative localization of the mass and a determination of its extent and, it is hoped, histology will provide a most useful guide to the head and neck surgeon operating in this anatomically complex region. Part 1 of this article describes the computed tomographic anatomy of this region, while part 2 discusses pathologic changes. The clinical value of computed tomography as an imaging method for this region is emphasized. The differential diagnosis to consider in a patient with a mass in the buccomas seteric region, which may either be developmental, inflammatory, or neoplastic, comprises a rather lengthy list. The anatomic complexity of this region, defined arbitrarily by the soft tissue and bony structures including and surrounding the masseter muscle, excluding the parotid gland, makes the accurate anatomic diagnosis of masses in this region imperative if severe functional and cosmetic defects or even death are to be avoided during treatment. An initial crucial clinical pathoanatomic distinction is to classify the mass as extra- or intraparotid. Batsakis [1] recommends that every mass localized to the cheek region be considered a parotid tumor until proven otherwise. Precise clinical localization, however, is often exceedingly difficult. Obviously, further diagnosis and subsequent therapy is greatly facilitated once this differentiation is made. Computed tomography (CT), with its superior spatial and contrast resolution, has been shown to be an effective imaging method for the evaluation of disorders of the head and neck. -
The Independent Functions of the Two Heads of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
The Independent Functions of the Two Heads of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle JAMES A. McNAMARA, JR. Department of Anatomy and Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 ABSTRACT Investigations on the role of the lateral pterygoid muscle in mandibular movements have been limited due to difficulties in obtaining con- sistent neuromuscular recordings in human subjects. The rhesus monkey was used as a substitute experimental animal. Thirty-three Macaca mulatta were monitored in 113 electromyographic recording sessions. Two distinct functional patterns were identified from the region of the lateral pterygoid muscle, depend- ing upon the location of the electrodes within this muscle. Through anatomical dissection of areas of electrode placement in 12 animals, the two patterns of activity were related to the inferior and superior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The inferior head acted synergistically with the suprahyoid muscle group in opening movements of the mandible. No activity was noted in closing movements, or in swallowing. In contrast, the superior head was not active dur- ing opening movements. Electromyographic activity of the superior head, an- tagonistic to the suprahyoid muscles, was observed during such closing move- ments as chewing and clenching of the teeth and during deglutition. The superior head presumably positioned or stabilized the condylar head and disc against the articular eminence during closing movements of the mandible, while the in- ferior head assisted in the translation of the condylar head downward, anteriorly, and contralaterally during opening movements. Thus, the two heads of the lateral pterygoid can be considered as two functionally distinct muscles. -
AR 31-14 Wong STYLOID AB
1 Temporal headaches and associated symptoms relating to the styloid process and its attachments Annals Academy of Medicine, Singapore January 1995; Vol. 24; No. 1; pp. 124-128 E. Wong, DDS; G Lee, MD; DT Mason, MD KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE: 1) The styloid process is a thin “spike-like bony process” that is attached to the base of the skull. 2) 5 structures (3 muscles and 2 ligaments) are attached to the styloid process: A)) The styloglossus muscle B)) The stylohyoid muscle C)) The stylopharyngeal muscle D)) The stylomandibular ligament E)) The stylohyoid ligament 3) Trauma (auto accidents, falls, sports injuries, prolonged or excessive mouth opening) can detach any of these 5 structures from the periosteum of the styloid bone. 4) “The detachment of Sharpey's fibers results in the release of noxious chemicals such as kinins, histamines, prostaglandins, etc., which can produce a withdrawal reflex, causing muscle tension, ischaemia, spasm and pain.” 5) Pain transmission from “C” pain fibers induces a host of autonomic responses. [Key Point] 6) These authors have identified 11 common pains and symptoms associated with soft tissue lesions of the styloid process and stylomandibular ligament: A)) Headaches localized in the anterior temporal fossa. This is due to the pain withdrawal reflex and spasm of temporalis muscle fibers. B)) Sore throat and difficulty swallowing in the absence of inflammation. This is due to the pain withdrawal reflex and spasm of all three of the styloid-attached muscles. C)) Pain radiating to the temporomandibular joint and ear. This is due to the pain withdrawal reflex and spasm of the muscles of mastication, particularly the masseter and the medial/lateral pterygoids. -
Jawline Sculpting—Why It's Not All About Filler
Jawline Sculpting—Why It’s Not All About Filler Jolene Edgar Published on Feb 3, 2020 Updated on Feb 4th, 2020 FACE & NECK Seeing an aesthetic procedure all over social media can breed a strange sort of FOMO. (Hey, we’re not immune.) Yet it may be difficult to distinguish for-the- ’Gram fads from truly “Worth It” tweaks. Which is why we’re launching a new series on RealSelf: Everybody’s Doing It. Each month, we’ll explore all sides of an of-the-moment cosmetic procedure, to bring you the uncensored truth about its efficacy and safety so you can decide if it’s right for you. Here, in our latest installment, we’re dissecting jawline sculpting. Is it the new lips? Cheekbones? Butt? I’ve lost track. But according to nearly every beauty outlet predicting 2020 treatment trends at the close of the last decade, the jawline is officially: A Thing. We want it crisp! Razor-sharp! Angular as a Sassoon bob! “The popularity of jawline augmentation is definitely on the rise”—both stateside and abroad, says Dr. Dara Liotta, a board-certified facial plastic surgeon who practices in New York City and Dubai. “People are coming in, specifically, with the goal of making the jawline better, which isn’t something I saw even two years ago. They want a clear step-off between the mandible, or lower jawbone, and the neck underneath—all the way around.” Some attribute the phenomenon to—you guessed it—the selfie effect. Others link the jawline’s ascent to our heightened awareness of facial harmony in the age of optimization. -
Muscles of Facial Expression; Masticatory Muscles; TMJ Joint
Muscles of facial expression; masticatory muscles; TMJ joint Ivo Klepáček Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne born. September 17, 1806, Boulogne, France death 15. September 15, 1875, Paris, Francie Pictures from his book titled Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine 1862 Using electric stimulation he tried to determinate which muscles can be acting in various facial expression. Following his findings, Charles Darwin had published some from his photos in own paper, comparising expressions of the man and animals BRANCHIAL Motor areas V3., VII., STRUCTURES IX.,X.,XI. (their myogenic material probably originate from the occipital myotomes): • Muscles of the I. Branchial arch (V. trigeminus) • Muscles of the II. Branchial arch (VII. V1 facialis) • Muscles of the III. V3 Branchial arch ( IX. X. XI., glossopharyngeus, vagus, accesorius) V2 III. arch: Cranial part: participate in forming of the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles Distal part: forming of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles Head muscles Mm. capitis Mimic (faciales) and Masticatory (masticatorii) Kraissl´s and Langer´s cleavage lines 3D plexiform SMAS superficial (subcutaneous )musculoaponeurotic system net of collagenous Blow out fracture and muscular fibers containing fat cells SMAS type I - thin septal layer containing fat SMAS lobules type I SMAS type deep located II - SMAS with intermingling type II muscular and collagenous fibers Mimické svaly Blow out fracture Mimic muscles Superficial spindle-like or strip-like or round Deep flat • Inside subcutis •No or very thin fascia •No or very thin tendons •Interstitial fibrous tissue •Incorporated into subcutaneous fat •Nervous fibers enter muscle bellies in more than one point (gate) Motor innervation from the facial nerve nervus facialis VII. -
Genioglossus Muscle Is the Largest Extrinsic Tongue Muscle and Upper Airway Dilator
PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Kwan First name: Benjamin Other name/s: Chi Hin Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School Faculty: Medicine Title: Breathing movements of the human tongue and genioglossus measured with ultrasound imaging Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Genioglossus muscle is the largest extrinsic tongue muscle and upper airway dilator. To maintain pharyngeal patency within and between breaths, delicate moment-to-moment coordination of pharyngeal muscles activity and drive is required. Dynamic pharyngeal muscle movement in response to the neural input during sleep/wake states is not clearly understood. This thesis reports a novel ultrasound method to visualise and measure dynamic genioglossus motion in healthy and OSA subjects. In Chapter 2, the method revealed ~1 mm predominantly anterior peak displacement within a 50 mm2 area in the infero-posterior genioglossus in healthy awake subjects during quiet breathing. Motion within this area was non-uniform. The method has good reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.85 across separate imaging sessions. Chapter 3 reported good agreement between ultrasound and tagged MRI in measuring regional tongue motion in healthy and OSA subjects, with an ICC of 0.79. Compared to MRI, ultrasound revealed greater anterior displacement in the posterior tongue (mean difference of 0.24 ± 0.64 mm, 95% limits of agreement: 1.03 to -1.49). Chapter 4 examined influence of respiratory mechanics and drive on genioglossus movement. Inspiration against a resistive load increased posterior genioglossus motion, but it had less anterior and more inferior displacement at the highest inspiratory resistance. -
Benign Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy
Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol 2008;74(5): 790-3. CASE REPORT Benign masseter muscle hypertrophy Daniel Zeni Rispoli1, Paulo M. Camargo2, José L. Pires Jr3, Vinicius R. Fonseca4, Karina K. Mandelli5, Keywords: anxiety, hypertrophy, muscle. Marcela A.C. Pereira6 Summary Idiopathic hypertrophy of the masseter muscle is a rare disorder of unknown cause. Some authors associate it with the habit of chewing gum, temporo-mandibular joint disorder, congenital and functional hypertrophies, and emotional disorders (stress and nervousness). Most patients complain of the cosmetic change caused by facial asymmetry, also called square face, however, symptoms such as trismus, protrusion and bruxism may also occur. The goals of the present investigation were: to report a case of idiopathic masseter hypertrophy, describe its symptoms and treatment. The patient reported bilateral bulging in the region of the mandible angle, of slow and progressive evolution. He did not complain of pain or discomfort, however there was bilateral otalgia, nighttime trismus and stress. In his physical exam we noticed bilateral masseter hypertrophy without local inflammatory alterations. We indicated surgical treatment with an extraoral approach. Complementary tests are indicated when there is diagnostic doubts. Treatment varies from conservative to surgical, and the later depends on surgeon skill and experience. 1 Head of the ENT and Head and Face Surgery Department at Hospital Angelina Caron. 2 Head of the Larynx and Ear Ward of the ENT and Head and Face Surgery Department at HAC. 3 Head of the Otoneurology and Tinnitus Ward of the ENT and Head and Face Surgery Department at HAC. 4 Supervisor of the Pediatric ENT Ward at HAC.