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Pdf [Accessed: 31/05/2016] VICTIMHOOD AS A DRIVING FORCE IN THE INTRACTABILITY OF THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT: Reflections on Collective Memory, Conflict Ethos, and Collective Emotional Orientations A Thesis by Emad S. Moussa January 2020 A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors Prof. Barry Richards & Dr. Chindu Sreedharan Faculty of Media and Communications This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. 1 IN MEMORY OF MY GRANDPARENTS Moussa and Aisha AND, TO MY GRANDMOTHER Ghefra Ghannam From whom I learned about a vanished homeland 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work would not have been possible without the help and guidance of my supervisors, Prof. Barry Richards and Dr. Chindu Sreedharan. I have benefited immeasurably from their insight and rich academic experience. Nobody has been more important to me in the pursuit of this project than the members of my family. I would like to offer my profound appreciation to my loving wife, Amanda, for her support and extraordinary patience. Somewhat, I also feel obliged to thank my little one, Sanna, who despite her unquenchable curiosity and endless stream of questions, was grownup enough to understand that sometimes daddy needed some quiet time to work on his project. Of course, I would like to thank my parents, whose love and guidance are with me in whatever I pursue. They are the ultimate role models. This acknowledgement would be lacking without mentioning my uncle Dr. Shawki Ghannam, who has always been an inspiration to me and from whom I learned the love of knowledge. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 9 BACKGROUND: PERSONAL NARRATIVE ........................................................................................... 10 PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 14 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 16 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY AND OVERALL APPROACH .................................................................. 17 ASSUMPTIONS AND PERSONAL CONVICTIONS ............................................................................ 17 LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 18 RESEARCH QUESTION(S) ....................................................................................................................... 19 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE .................................................................................................................... 20 KEY TERMS ................................................................................................................................................ 21 TRANSLATION AND TRANSLITERATION ......................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER ONE LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 26 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 27 INTRACTABLE CONFLICT .................................................................................................................... 27 GEO-POLITICAL TO SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRACTORS .................................................. 29 VICTIMHOOD AS A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMIC ........................................................... 32 VICTIMHOOD IN THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN “CONFLICT” ...................................................... 35 Kelman: Negative Identity ............................................................................................................ 35 Volkan: chosen trauma and trans-generational transmission ......................................................... 37 Bar-Tal: collective memory, conflict ethos, and collective emotional orientations ......................... 41 Collective Memory ............................................................................................................. 42 Conflict Ethos .................................................................................................................... 43 Collective Emotional Orientations ..................................................................................... 44 CONCLUSION AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................................... 50 Thesis Visualisation (Fig. a.1.0) ..................................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER TWO VICTIMHOOD: CONCEPTUAL CONUNDRUMS ......................................................................................... 54 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 55 PHILOSOPHICAL CONUNDRUMS ....................................................................................................... 56 POLITICAL CONUNDRUMS .................................................................................................................. 57 Recognition and Status Givers ........................................................................................................ 57 Hierarchal Identification ................................................................................................................. 60 LEGAL CONUNDRUMS .......................................................................................................................... 61 The Legal Victim ............................................................................................................................ 61 The Human Rights Perspective ...................................................................................................... 63 Critiquing the Legal Victim ............................................................................................................ 64 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 66 4 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................... 68 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 69 SECTION ONE: NARRATIVE RESEARCH .......................................................................................... 69 Qualitative Research and Narrative ................................................................................................ 69 Narrative Definition(s) ..................................................................................................................... 70 Narrative Definition in this Work .................................................................................................... 71 Why Narrative Research? ................................................................................................................ 71 What Constitutes Narrative data? ................................................................................................... 72 What Constitutes Narrative ‘data’ in this Work? ............................................................................ 73 Sources of Narrative Data in this Study ......................................................................................... 75 A) Scholarship ............................................................................................................... 75 B) Media ........................................................................................................................ 76 C) Arts, Signs, and Symbols .......................................................................................... 77 SECTION TWO: NARRATIVE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 79 REFLEXIVITY ........................................................................................................................................... 81 Research Positionality ...................................................................................................................... 81 Researcher’s Bias ............................................................................................................................. 82 Implementing Reflexivity ................................................................................................................ 83 RESEARCH VALIDITY AND ETHICS .................................................................................................... 85 CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................................
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