Histological Evidence of Reproductive Activity in Lizards from the APM Manso, Chapada Dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
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Acta Scientiarum http://www.uem.br/acta ISSN printed: 1679-9283 ISSN on-line: 1807-863X Doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i3.9228 Histological evidence of reproductive activity in lizards from the APM Manso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, Brazil Mônica Cassel, Christine Strüssmann and Adelina Ferreira* Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, s/n, Coxipó, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.*Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The construction of dams causes major impacts on fauna by changing or eliminating irreversibly their habitats. The resulting changes lead to deep potential modifications on reproductive biology and population structure of lizards, snakes and amphisbaenas. The reservoir in the Multiple Use Area of Manso (APM-Manso) is located near to Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, in Mato Grosso State. We analyzed comparatively the male gonads of Anolis meridionalis, Colobosaura modesta, Cercosaura ocellata, Cnemidophorus ocellifer, Hoplocercus spinosus, Bachia bresslaui, Mabuya frenata, Micrablepharus atticolus and Tropidurus oreadicus, from APM-Manso, aiming to verify possible changes in the reproductive success according to environmental changes. Before the impoundment A. meridionalis, Colobosaura modesta, Cercosaura ocellata, M. atticolus and T. oreadicus showed up reproductive. However, during the impoundment period they presented changes in seminiferous tubules, evidenced by the absence of spermatids and spermatozoids. B. bresslaui and M. frenata had no differences in the seminiferous tubules before and after the impoundment, being reproductive in both moments. The damming and the formation of the lake of Manso reservoir may have interfered on the reproduction of some lizards species, especially if the reproductive cycle is regulated by the rainfall of the habitat. Keywords: lizards, reproduction, habitat modification, histology. Evidências histológicas da atividade reprodutiva em lagartos da região da APM Manso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil RESUMO. A construção de barragens tem ocasionado grandes impactos sobre a fauna ao alterar ou eliminar seus habitats de forma irreversível. Alterações decorrentes exercem profundas modificações potenciais na biologia reprodutiva e na estrutura populacional de lagartos, serpentes e anfisbenas. O reservatório da Área de Aproveitamento Múltiplo de Manso (APM-Manso) localiza-se próximo ao Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, em Mato Grosso. Foram analisadas comparativamente as gônadas masculinas de Anolis meridionalis, Colobosaura modesta, Cercosaura ocellata, Cnemidophorus ocellifer, Hoplocercus spinosus, Bachia bresslaui, Mabuya frenata, Micrablepharus atticolus e Tropidurus oreadicus, da APM-Manso com o objetivo de verificar se houve alterações no sucesso reprodutivo das mesmas de acordo com as modificações ocorridas no ambiente. Antes do represamento A. meridionalis, Colobosaura modesta, Cercosaura ocellata, M. atticolus e T. oreadicus apresentavam-se reprodutivas. No entanto, durante o período de represamento apresentaram alterações nos túbulos seminíferos evidenciadas pela ausência de espermátides e espermatozóides. B. bresslaui e M. frenata não apresentaram diferenças em seus túbulos seminíferos antes ou depois do represamento, estando reprodutivas em ambos os momentos. O represamento e a formação do lago do Manso pode ter interferido na reprodução de algumas espécies de lagartos, principalmente se o ciclo reprodutivo for regulado a partir da pluviosidade do habitat. Palavras-chave: lagartos, reprodução, modificação de habitat, histologia. Introduction environmental, including the reproductive activity of many species (TUNDISI, 1988). The process of dam construction in many Brazilian rivers has caused large impacts on the fauna by For shallow rivers with large floodplains and changing or eliminating their habitats irreversibly distinct cycles of flood, the ecosystem changes may (RODRIGUES, 1999, 2005). In ecological terms, the be highly significant. The impacts resulting from reservoirs are semi-natural ecosystems and changes in river flow and the natural cycle of intermediate between rivers and lakes (TUNDISI, flooding by modifying the deposition of sediments, 1993). The impoundment of rivers causes the the nutrients supply and succession of vegetation, transformation of the original ecosystem, resulting in have a deep potential impact on reproductive great changes physical, chemical, limnological and biology and population structure of lizards, snakes Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences Maringá, v. 34, n. 3, p. 327-334, July-Sept., 2012 328 Cassel et al. and worm snakes (RODRIGUES, 2005). Despite In order to collect the individuals, we used pitfall the importance of the three groups in the traps in the area with direct influence from the environmental changes, we will focus on lizards Multiple Use Area of Manso (14º52'S, 55º48'W), because, apparently, they are considered as good located in the municipality of Chapada dos models for studying various aspects of the cycle and Guimarães, Mato Grosso State. The impoundment present many morphological and behavioral changes period began in November 1999, and our analysis (HEULIN et al., 1997). was carried out with specimens collected before and The testicular cycle is affected by seasonality in during this period, through tracking and rescues. many species (FITCH, 1970). In tropical lizards, the The sites and the collection procedure are detailed cycles are quite varied (VAN SLUYS, 1993). The in Strüssmann (2000). morphological characteristics of the testicles typically vary according to the stage of the annual Table 1. List of specimens examined and the numbers of the sites in Zoological Collection of Vertebrates UFMT. reproductive cycle. There are also changes in the Family Species Number of the lots developmental stage of germ cells, and the amount Polychrotidae UFMT 745, 750, 757, 764, and metabolic activity of the interstitial tissue (DEL Anolis meridionalis 2312, 2316, 2570, 2574 and (Boettger, 1885) CONTE, 1972; WILHOFT, 1963), the changes in 2578 this tissue apparently vary inversely with periods of Gymnophthalmidae UFMT 433, 434, 436, Bachia bresslaui production of germ cells (GOLDBERG, 1970). 1120, 1122, 1124, 1126 and (Amaral, 1935) According to Fawcett et al. (1971), reproductive 1127 UFMT 384, 387, 388, Cercosaura ocellata success is a regular process of biochemistry and 1100, 1108, 2403, 3223, (Wagler, 1830) structural modification of primary cells that result in 3238, 3254 and 3255 Colobosaura modesta UFMT 464, 465, 999, the production of sperm or oocytes. (Reinhardt; Luetken, 1862) 1000, 1003 and 1009 Micrablepharus atticolus UFMT 392, 1076, 1080, The reservoir in the Multiple Use Area of (Rodrigues, 1996) 1082, 1093 and 2426 Manso (APM-Manso) is located near to Chapada Hoplocercidae Hoplocercus spinosus dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State. The Manso UFMT 2415 and 2418 (Fitzinger, 1843) river, where the reservoir was built, is one of the Scincidae UFMT 394, 395, 1045, Mabuya frenata main tributaries of Cuiabá river. Closed in 1047, 1050, 1051, 1052, (Cope, 1862) November 1999, the reservoir flooded, beyond 1053, 2448 and 2449 Teiidae Manso river upstream from the dam, the lower Cnemidophorus ocellifer UFMT 442, 443, 444, stretches of the rivers Casca, Palmeiras (tributaries) (Spix, 1825) 1011, 1014 and 1025 Tropiduridae and Quilombo (tributary of Casca river) with a total Tropidurus oreadicus UFMT 452, 1044 and 2622 area of 427 km² in the maximum height, with a dense (Rodrigues, 1987) drainage network and a steady rain, flowing into the Pantanal of Mato Grosso State (ALHO et al., 2000). The selection of animals for histological analysis This study, using comparative analysis of male was random, and the removal of gonads for the gonads of lizards from the region of the APM-Manso, analysis was done through an incision on the left aimed to verify whether there were changes in the side of the abdomen of the animal; the samples were reproductive success of the species according to the kept in vials with 70% ethanol. For the preparation changes in the environment where these individuals of the slides the material was dehydrated with were situated. Apparently, environmental and/or man- increasing alcohol concentrations. Part of this made factors can influence the reproductive success of material was cleared and paraffin-embedded, and these lizards’ species. another part was included in plastic resin glycol methacrylate type Historesin®. Sections with 5 μm Material and methods for samples embedded in paraffin, and 3 μm to those For the histological analysis of gonads we used included in plastic resin, were stained with toluidine specimens (n = 60) deposited in the Zoological blue 1% and photographed. Collection of Vertebrates from the Federal Results University of Mato Grosso, belonging to six families, nine genera and nine species (Table 1). The Through an analysis of individual species, we animals were collected between August 1998 and observed how each one responded to the environmental May 2001. changes caused by the damming of the Manso river. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences Maringá, v. 34, n. 3, p. 327-334, July-Sept., 2012 Reproductive activity in lizards 329 Anolis meridionalis (Figure 1A and B) presented the A tubules with abundant proportions of spermatogonia and medians proportions of spermatocytes and spermatids. For the spermatozoids, we