DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz Island, California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hp1852t Author Gill, Kristina Marie Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz Island, California A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Kristina Marie Gill Committee in charge: Professor Michael A. Glassow, Chair Professor Michael A. Jochim Professor Amber M. VanDerwarker Professor Lynn H. Gamble September 2015 The dissertation of Kristina Marie Gill is approved. __________________________________________ Michael A. Jochim __________________________________________ Amber M. VanDerwarker __________________________________________ Lynn H. Gamble __________________________________________ Michael A. Glassow, Committee Chair July 2015 Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz Island, California Copyright © 2015 By Kristina Marie Gill iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my Family, Mike Glassow, and the Chumash People. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who have provided guidance, encouragement, and support in my career as an archaeologist, and especially through my undergraduate and graduate studies. For those of whom I am unable to personally thank here, know that I deeply appreciate your support. First and foremost, I want to thank my chair Michael Glassow for his patience, enthusiasm, and encouragement during all aspects of this daunting project. I am also truly grateful to have had the opportunity to know, learn from, and work with my other committee members, Mike Jochim, Amber VanDerwarker, and Lynn Gamble. I cherish my various field experiences with them all on the Channel Islands and especially in southern Germany with Mike Jochim, whose worldly perspective I value deeply. I also thank Terry Jones, who provided me many undergraduate opportunities in California archaeology and encouraged me to attend a field school on San Clemente Island with Mark Raab and Andy Yatsko, an experience that left me captivated with the islands and their history. I thank Jan Timbrook for sparking my interest in ancient plant use, and Eric Wohlgemuth for setting me on the right track with California paleoethnobotany. Eric’s guidance, encouragement, and openness in teaching me flotation methods, identifications, and talking about ancient plant use in California have been critical. The field aspect of my research was logistically challenging, and I am grateful to the many people who schlepped themselves, equipment, and samples uphill (both ways) on the steep, rugged slopes of the northern range: 2008 Cal Poly Field Class, Dan Avera, Suzie Black, Kelli Brasket, Henry Chodsky, Aaron Elzinga, Jon Erlandson, Mike Glassow, Tim Gross, Stephen Henneck, Kristin Hoppa, Chris Jazwa, Terry Joslin, Erin King, Amber Marie v Madrid, Dusty McKenzie, Christina Navarro, Sarah (Mellinger) Nicchitta, Jessica Peak, Jenn Perry, Tim Slowik, Michelle Wilcox, and Eric Wohlgemuth. I also want to thank Jay Carlson, David Dewey, John Knapp, and the ProHunt helicopter crew for graciously moving the last ton of soil samples from Diablo Valdez to a location accessible by vehicle. Island research would also not be possible without the amazing crew at Island Packers, who have always graciously transported our equipment and “boxes of rocks” back to the mainland. Thanks especially to Jean Scholes and Captain Dave, whose enthusiasm and knowledge about the Channel region is magnetic. Numerous undergraduate students and volunteers helped me in the lab over the years, and I cannot thank them enough for their hard work, long hours, and attention to detail. I especially want to thank Kelsey Sullivan for her assistance with lithics, Chelsea Buell for her assistance with bone, and three women who assisted with paleoethnobotanical lab work: Jennifer Alvarado, Michelle Wilcox, and my mom, Peggy Gill. I am also grateful to The Nature Conservancy and the UC Natural Reserve System for facilitating this research and providing outstanding opportunities for field scientists. The invaluable conversations, interactions, and friendships I’ve made with various island research scientists and staff contributed greatly to my deeper understanding and appreciation of the unique ecology of the Channel Islands. Thanks especially to: TNC’s Jennifer Baker, Christy Boser, Jay Carlson, David Dewey, John Knapp, Scott Morrison, and John Randall; the UC Reserve’s Brian Guerrero and Lyndal Laughrin; and, Sara Baguskas, Todd Braje, Karen Flagg, Don Hartley, Steve Junak, Ken Niessen, Seetha Reddy, Torrey Rick, and Nicole Swabey. vi This research would not have been possible without the financial support I received from various agencies: the National Science Foundation (BCS 1232523), the Peter Paige Memorial Fund through UC Santa Barbara’s Anthropology Department, the Mildred E Mathias Foundation through the UC Natural Reserve System, and The Nature Conservancy. I thank the Chumash people, especially John Ruiz, Julie Tumamait, and Gil Unzueta, for sharing their wisdom, insight, and perspectives. I am honored to work in their homeland. Finally, I thank my close friends and family, who have supported me in various ways through all aspects of this project. To the archaeology crew, whose friendship and camaraderie I am so grateful for, and with whom I anticipate a dirt-ridden future and good times yet to be had: Amira Ainis, Dana Bardolph, Ethan Bertrando, Kelli Brasket, Amy Gusick, Kristin Hoppa, Laura Hoffman, Allison Jaqua, Chris Jazwa, Terry Joslin, Erin King, Amber Marie Madrid, Dusty McKenzie, Jenn Perry, Tim Slowik, and Michelle Wilcox. To my non-archaeology friends, especially Katie Drexhage, Jessica Peak, and Juanie Storrer, who helped keep me sane and entertained, as well as bringing some biology/botany balance to my life. To my always loving, supportive, and patient family, especially my parents, Dave and Peggy, and my sister Dana. Last but not least, I thank my husband and favorite person to work with on (and off) the islands, Jon Erlandson. vii CURRICULUM VITA OF KRISTINA M. GILL July 2015 Department of Anthropology University of California, Santa Barbara [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. 2015 University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology (Archaeology). Dissertation: Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz Island, California. M.A. 2007 University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology (Archaeology). Thesis: Paleoethnobotanical Investigations in the San Emigdio Hills at Pinwheel Cave: CA-KER-5836 and CA-KER-5837. B.A. 2004 California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, Department of History. Senior Thesis: Historic Cemeteries in San Luis Obispo: What They Reveal About the City and its People Between 1880 and 1930. AFFILIATIONS Society of California Archaeology California Native Plant Society Society for American Archaeology Santa Barbara Archaeological Society San Luis Obispo Archaeological Society Society of Ethnobiology RESEARCH INTERESTS Paleoethnobotany California Archaeology Island and Coastal Adaptations Historical Ecology Cultural Resource Management Historic Preservation Native American Consultation Indigenous Land Management Practices PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS Erlandson, Jon M., Amira Ainis, Kristina M. Gill, Nicholas P. Jew 2012 Filling the Gaps: CA-SMI-274, a 10,500-Year-Old Shell Midden on San Miguel Island. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 33(1):53-60. Erlandson, Jon M., Kristina M. Gill, Torben C. Rick, and Leslie Reeder-Myers 2015 Three Late Paleocoastal Shell Middens on Santa Cruz Island, California. PaleoAmerica 1(1):113-115. viii Erlandson, Jon M., Todd J. Braje, Kristina M. Gill, and Michael H. Graham 2015 Ecology of the Kelp Highway: Did Marine Resources Facilitate Human Dispersal from Northeast Asia to the Americas? Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 10(1):1-20. Gill, Kristina M. 2013 Paleoethnobotanical Investigations on the Channel Islands: Current Directions and Theoretical Considerations. In Human Interactions with the California Channel Islands. edited by Christopher Jazwa and Jennifer Perry. pp, 113-136. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. 2014 Seasons of Change: Using Seasonal Morphological Changes in Brodiaea Corms to Determine Season of Harvest from Archaeobotanical Remains. American Antiquity 79(4):638-654. Gill, Kristina M. and Jon M. Erlandson 2014 The Island Chumash and Exchange in the Santa Barbara Channel Region. American Antiquity 79(3):570-572. VanDerwarker, Amber M., Dana N. Bardolph, Kristin M. Hoppa, Heather B. Thakar, Lana S. Martin, Allison Jaqua, Matthew E. Biwer, Kristina M. Gill 2015 New World Paleoethnobotany in the New Millennium (2000-2013). Journal of Archaeological Research. In Review. EXPERIENCE Co-Principal Investigator June 2013 to Present Historical Dynamics. Co-Principal Investigator for cultural resource services inventories and technical reporting according to CEQA, NEPA, and Section 106 of NHPA. Assistant Coordinator July 2010 to December 2012 Central Coast Information Center (CCIC), California Historical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HEP Letterhead Template
    HELIX Environmental Planning, Inc. 7578 El Cajon Boulevard La Mesa, CA 91942 619.462.1515 tel 619.462.0552 fax www.helixepi.com July 7, 2017 Mr. Chris Loughridge CLL-01 CLL-Roselle, LLC 3565 Riviera Drive San Diego, California 92109 Subject: 10325 Roselle Street (Project No. 150566) Cultural Resources Report Addendum Dear Mr. Loughridge: This letter report serves as an addendum to the cultural resources report Archaeological Resources on a Lot on Roselle Street, San Diego, California by G. Timothy Gross (May 2009) and the addendum to that report, prepared by Mary Robbins-Wade of HELIX Environmental Planning, Inc. (HELIX) in January 2015. This letter report was prepared in response to a request from City of San Diego (City) staff that an archaeologist and a Native American monitor assess the current condition of the cultural resources within the project site. The proposed project design has not changed since the 2009 submittal. Site conditions within the project footprint have not changed, and the proposed data recovery plan is still adequate to mitigate potential project impacts, as described below. BACKGROUND The Roselle Street project (project) is located within the significant archaeological and cultural resource site known as Ystagua (CA-SDI-4609). The property is located on Roselle Street in Sorrento Valley, in the City of San Diego, in western San Diego County. The parcel is on the alluvial flats along Carroll Canyon Creek in Soledad Canyon, at the end of Roselle Street, although some of the steep valley wall is included in the eastern portion of the property, as well. On July 23, 2009, the project property was designated by the City’s Historical Resources Board (HRB) as HRB Site #924, Village of Ystagua Area #1.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture Or Adaptation: Milling Stone Reconsidered
    Monographs in California and Great Basin Anthropology NumberS November 2008 AVOCADOS TO MILLINGSTONES: Papers in Honor ofD. L. True Edited by: Georgie Waugh and Mark E. Basgall With contributions by M. E. Basgall, R. L. Bettinger, M. G. Delacorte, T, L,]ones, M. A. Giambastiani, S. Griset, H. McCarthy, C. W. Meighan, W.J. Nelson, W. L. Norton, B. A. Ramos, E. W. Ritter and H. L. Crew, D. H. Thomas, W. J. Wallace, C. N. Warren, G, Waugh, and G.J. West Archaeological Research Center California State University, Sacramento CULTURE OR ADAPTATION: MILLING STONE RECONSIDERED Terry L. Jones Of interest to D. L. True throughout his career was the California Milling Stone Horizon, the artifact complex dominated by handstones, millingslabs, and crude core tools most frequently associated with the early Holocene in southern California. The basic Milling Stone pattern, identified in 1929 by David Banks Rogers in the Santa Barbara Channel and formally defined by Treganza (1950) and Wallace (1955), was brought to the attention of American archaeologists outside of California by Wallace (1954) and True (1958). Over the next 30 years, D. L. True authored a number ofarticles and reports on Milling Stone (Basgall and True 1985; True 1980; True and Baumhoff 1982, 1985; True and Beemer 1982; True et al. 1979) in which he described regional variants and refined the typological definitions ofimportant artifacts. Also during this period, D. L. was not shy about bringing Milling Stone into the seminar room, often forcing theoretically-oriented archaeology students of the 1960s, 70s, and 80s to acknowledge their inability to distinguish artifacts from non-artifacts.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace Erdogu, Burcin How to cite: Erdogu, Burcin (2001) Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3994/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC CULTURES IN TURKISH THRACE Burcin Erdogu Thesis Submitted for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. University of Durham Department of Archaeology 2001 Burcin Erdogu PhD Thesis NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic Cultures in Turkish Thrace ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis are the NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic cultures in Turkish Thrace. Turkish Thrace acts as a land bridge between the Balkans and Anatolia.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resources Technical Report
    CULTURAL RESOURCE TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE LIBERTY HIGH SCHOOL SITE PROJECT, UNINCORPORATED AREA OF EL CAJON, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA PDS2015-MUP-15-027 Lead Agency: County of San Diego Department of Public Works Contact: Molly Luettgerodt 5369 Kearny Villa Road, Suite 305 San Diego, California 92123 (858) 874-4042 Preparers: Jerry Schaefer, Ph.D., RPA, Principal Investigator Tony Quach Associate Archaeologist ASM Affiliates, Inc. 2034 Corte del Nogal Carlsbad, California 92011 760-884-5757 _____________________ _ Signature Project Prime Consultant: Erin Crouthers REC Consultants 43620 Ridge Park Drive, Suite 220 Temecula, CA 92590 March 2016 PN 24400 NADB Information NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATABASE INFORMATION Author: Jerry Schaefer and Tony Quach Firm: ASM Affiliates, Inc. Client/Project Proponent: Erin Crouthers REC Consultants 43620 Ridge Park Drive, Suite 220 Temecula, CA 92590 Report Date: March 2016 Report Title: Cultural Resource Technical Report for the Liberty High School Site Project, Unincorporated Area of El Cajon, San Diego County, California; PDS2015-MUP-15-027 Type of Study: Phase I Survey Newly Recorded Sites: P-37-034788 Sites with Updated Records: None USGS Quads: El Cajon 7.5-minute USGS Quadrangle Acreage: 6.8 Acre Keywords: El Cajon, California, Historic Period Foundations, P-37-034788 Liberty HS CR Survey i Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATABASE INFORMATION .......................... i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology Activity Pack
    Archaeology activity pack Primary KS2 Stone Age to Iron Age 1 All images and content © Museum of London 2015. This sheet is designed to be edited by teachers. The museum cannot take responsibility for edited content. How does archaeology help us understand what life was like in prehistory? This series of activities looks at how archaeologists record and interpret objects to inform our understanding about life in the past. Pupils will: use clues to sort artefacts into categories consider how and why an archaeologist records accurately where things are found use images of artefacts to think about how groups of objects can give us information about the past suggest reasons why some of our activities leave traces when others do not consolidate prior learning about Stone Age hunter-gatherers understand that there were people living here before London existed. Activity 1 Sort it! Identifying different flint tools Activity 2 The archaeological jigsaw What can we learn from a group of objects? Activity 3 Case study: Three Ways Wharf Hunter-gatherers in Uxbridge Activity 4 Leaving traces Make a Stone Age tool Activity 5 Dig it! Archaeological dig record and field journal worksheets 2 All images and content © Museum of London 2015. This sheet is designed to be edited by teachers. The museum cannot take responsibility for edited content. Activity 1 Sort it! Identifying different flint tools Introduction Begin by showing your pupils a selection of brushes; a toothbrush, a dustpan and brush, a hairbrush, a paintbrush and a floor brush. Ask pupils: What do all these objects have in common? What is each one is used for? Although all the objects are brushes, they are all used to perform different tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • Prehistoric ·Art of the Central Coast of British Columbia ROY L
    CHAPTER 7 Prehistoric ·Art of the Central Coast of British Columbia ROY L. CARLSON glance at any Northwest Coast art book attests firmly to the existence of a highly developed tradi­ A tion of painting and carving wood during the nineteenth century by the ancestors of the Bella Bella and Bella Coola peoples of the central coast of British Columbia. Similarly, examination of the journals of Sir Alexander Mackenzie and George Vancouver carries this tradition backward into the last decades of the eighteenth century. The reading of Mcllwraith's, The Bella Coo/a Indians (1948), or Boas', Mythology of the Bella Coo/a (1900b) and Bella Bella Tales (1932), provides some insights into the meaning of this art in the cultures which produced it. But what of the decades, centuries and millenia which preceded both the early explorers and the later ethnographers? What art was produced Fig. 7:1. Whalebone pendant resembling a rockfish from then? What techniques were employed and what styles the site of Namu dating to about 3,500 years ago. were produced? What was the meaning of this art and what were its historical relationships? This paper is directed toward answering these questions, even though in wood. At the bottom-the beginning of time for this in spite of the considerable archaeological research over part of the world-archaeological evidence comes from the last fourteen years, the data base is still very much a single component at the site of Namu (ElSx 1). The limited. assemblage from the basal levels of this site is a chipped stone industry with relationships to both the Pebble Tool Tradition and the Microblade Tradition (Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • Metate Re-Roughening, Pecking, Or Pounding?
    PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A REPLICATNE STUDY: METATE RE-ROUGHENING, PECKING, OR POUNDING? Dawn M. Reid and Mari A. Pritchard-Parker Department of Anthropology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 ABSTRACT This paper discusses the results of a replicative study on the roughening of milling equipment, specifically metates. The intent of the replication was to ascertain ifdiffering results were achieved when various percussor types were used to re-roughen a metate-like surface. Hammerstones prepared by flaking and unmodified cobbles were utilized. The results obtained in the replication were then compared with archaeological specimens in an attempt to determine more information as to the manufacturing and use behaviors associated with milling equipment. INTRODUCTION ment would be most efficiently accom­ plished with tools of different shapes and Stone metates or grinding stones have sizes, depending upon how much mass one long been a primary food processing tool for is trying to remove and where that mass is many agricultural as well as hunting and located. Where manufacture seeks to re­ gathering societies. Use of these imple­ move a relatively large amount ofmass, re­ ments to reduce both plant and animal ma­ roughening seeks to merely mar the grind­ terial has been well documented. When a ing surface to such a degree that it becomes metate is used in conjunction with a mano useful again. Identifying potential differ­ to grind foodstuffs, sharp edges are sheared ences in the types of tools used in the manu­ off ofthe metate surface and residues from facture and maintenance ofmilling imple­ the material being ground are deposited.
    [Show full text]
  • Glaciation (Oakley, 1950). Variations in the Proposed Beginning Dates
    EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN HAND AMD THE GREAT HAND-AXE TRADITION Grover S. Krantz The hand-axe is both the earliest and the longest persisting of standar- dized stone tools. They present a continuous history of one tool type from the first to the third interglacial periods, a span.of at least 200,000 years and perhaps as many as half a million. Equally remarkable is their geographical range which covers all of Africa, western Europe and southern Asia--fully half of-the then habitable Old Vorld. Aside from differences in the local stone that was utilized, hand-axes from this whole area are constructed on the same plan and show no clear regional typology. Other tool types occur with hand-axes: utilized flakes are found at all levels, and in the later half of the sequence there-are cleavers, ovates, trimmed flakes and spherical stone balls. Throughout the sequence, however, the basic design of the hand-axe continues with its intended formnapparently unchanged. We thus have a continuous record of man's attempts to produce a single type of 'implement over mst of his tool making history. (See Figure 1.) Recent discoveries of fossil man have made it increasingly evident that biological evolution of the human body was also in progress coincident with the development of ancient stone tool types. 'While the exact time of appearance of Homo siens is still in some dispute (see Stewart, 1950 and Oakley., 1957), it is no nowseriously maintained that the earliest tool makers necessarily approximated the modern or even the neanderthal morphologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Stone Age Technology
    World’s Early People DIGGING UP DNA STONE AGE TECHNOLOGY IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Worlds_Early_People_FC.indd 1 2/7/17 11:22 AM 2 Who Lived in the Stone Age? When you think of “old,” what comes to But they helped hominins to thrive. mind? Last year’s shoes? Life before the The first species to make tools is from the Internet? Try a little earlier – 2.5 million genus (category) we call Homo (human). It years earlier! is known as Homo habilis, or “handy That’s about the time some of the first person.” It most likely lived in Africa 1.5 hominins, or humanlike species that walk to 2.4 million years ago. Homo habilis upright, started making tools from rocks. represented a big change. How big? Big Their tools were simple – mainly stones enough that we call its time the Paleolithic split to form a point or a sharp edge. era, or the Old Stone Age. l THE BRAINS ability to make of Homo habilis and use tools. were about Homo habilis’s half the size of tools and brain- present-day human power helped it brains. However, spread. Over the brains of Homo millennia, it habilis were larger adapted, or made than the brains changes that of the hominins helped it survive, to that came before live in regions that it. This may have earlier species had contributed to its found too harsh. d HOMO ERECTUS, or early as 2.5 million communities, hunt “upright person,” years ago, Homo for food, create art, was probably a lot erectus was at its and control fire like Homo habilis, peak about 1.9 for warmth and but taller and thin- million years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title OBSERVING SUBSISTENCE CHANGE IN NATIVE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: THE LATE PREHISTORIC KUMEYAAY Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28m11561 Authors Hildebrand, John Hagstrum, Melissa Publication Date 2021-07-25 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California John A. Hildebrand and Melissa B. Hagstrum, Research in Economic Anthropology, Volume 16, 85-127 (1995). - Author's submission. OBSERVING SUBSISTENCE CHANGE IN NATIVE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: THE LATE PREHISTORIC KUMEYAAY John A. Hildebrand and Melissa B. Hagstrum _________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Among hunters and gatherers, how are subsistence strategies chosen and what factors influence adoption of alternative strategies to provision basic subsistence requirements? Under conditions of subsistence stress, how will traditional hunters and gatherers modify these strategies? We examine these questions to understand mechanisms of subsistence stress adaptation and to account for changes in the late prehistoric and historic archaeological record of interior southern California. Several factors may have contributed to subsistence stress during the late prehistoric and historic periods in this part of California. Lake Cahuilla, occupying the Salton Trough in southeastern California, altered the available subsistence resource base as it filled or emptied, depending on the Colorado River's course. From A.D. 700 to 1640, Lake Cahuilla provided lacustrine subsistence resources which disappeared with the lake's complete desiccation after A.D. 1700. A permanent European presence in southern California, beginning in A.D. 1769, restricted native peoples' access to their customary subsistence resources and displaced coastal native populations to more remote mountain regions. What is not known are the ways in which native peoples adapted their subsistence and social patterns to cope with the multiple stresses wrought by these changes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Discoidals of Coastal San Diego County a Thes
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Blanks, Game Pieces, or Sacred Relics? The Discoidals of Coastal San Diego County A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology, Public Archaeology By Joseph D. Woods August 2019 The thesis of Joseph D. Woods is approved: ___________________________________ _____________ Wendy Teeter, Ph.D. Date ___________________________________ _____________ Matthew Des Lauriers, Ph.D. Date ___________________________________ _____________ James Snead, Ph.D., Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii Acknowledgements During the process of writing this thesis, there are many individuals and organizations I would like to thank and acknowledge. I would like to begin with my wife because without her, I would not be here. My committee, whose advice and support was extraordinary. Statistical Research, Inc., Donn, Janet, James, Angela, Scott, and Patrick, whose efforts continued to push me to finish. My parent whose gave me an innate curiosity. The San Diego Archaeological Center and Jessica, who gave me the access to the discoidals and wiliness to help. The Camp Pendleton Cultural Resource Division, Danielle, Kelli, Nina, and Scott, who introduced me to discoidals and were always available to assist and support me. And everyone else who pushed and encouraged me to continue to learn and become a better person. iii Table of Contents Signature Page ii Acknowledgements iii List of Tables v List of Figures vi List of Photos vii Abstract viii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Issue 1 Problem 2 Strategy 3 Chapter 2: Research Context 5 Chronology 5 Ethnohistoric 9 Previous studies of discoidals 9 Status of existing data/collections 11 Chapter 3: Research Design 12 Theoretical Approach 12 Methodology 13 Chapter 4: Data Presentation 25 Chapter 5: Analysis 40 Chapter 6: Discussion 51 Conclusion 54 References 47 Appendices 63 Appendix A – Tables 64 Appendix B – Figures 70 Appendix C – Photos 76 iv List of Tables Table Page 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Investigations at the Oak Flat Site (Ca-Sba-3931) Santa Barbara County, California
    ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE OAK FLAT SITE (CA-SBA-3931) SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA by ESTHER LOUISE DRAUCKER A thesis submitted to the Master of Arts Graduate Program in Anthropology at California State University, Bakersfield, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in ANTHROPOLOGY Bakersfield, California 2014 Copyright By Esther Louise Draucker 2014 Frontispiece: Overview of CA-SBA-3931 (Oak Flat), looking west. The base of the rock feature can be discerned in the center. i ABSTRACT The region occupied by the Chumash of south-central California were divided into sub-groups who occupied different territories and spoke separate, but related languages. The Cuyama sub-group occupied the Cuyama Valley and the surrounding hills and mountains. Branch Canyon leads roughly south from Cuyama Valley and is known to contain prehistoric archaeological sites. The site chosen for this investigation was not previously recorded, but is a large, level area where many artifacts have been found. The area is covered with little other than wildflowers and grasses, but broken groundstone is visible, and an extensive looter’s hole exists, which suggests a possible prehistoric habitation site. Local residents have recovered many artifacts here, including glass beads, indicating occupation during the historic era. The base of a large, square rock feature overlays the prehistoric site. Very little archaeological exploration has been carried out in Cuyama Valley and its surrounding environs. Few site records exist for the valley, although many sites have been recorded for the southern canyons and the potreros at the top of the Sierra Madre Range.
    [Show full text]