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Resear Research Article zz Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 5, Issue, 11, pp. 3404-3407, November, 2013 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LC LADDER FILTER WITH 3-OTA SIMULATED INDUCTORS *1Manjula V. Katageri and 2Mutsaddi, M. M. 1 Government2 First Grade College, Bagalkot, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACTBasaveshwar Science College, Bagalkot, India Article History: The innovative technique of realising floating inductor using OTA’s as an active element and grounded capacitor for the realisation of the floating inductor was comparitively studied in developing four stage LC ladder low pass Received 14th September, 2013 Received in revised form filters. A comparitive study of 3 OTA’s and grounded capacitor of different configarations, as modified technique of floating inductor in ladder filter applications was studied in comparision with gyrator concept. The response of 18th September, 2013 each stage exhibits the shootng characteristics of the output voltage in respect of filtering characteristic property Accepted 26th October, 2013 with sharp roll off ratio in the modified technique of floating inductor. A comparative study on four stage LC Published online 19th November, 2013 ladder low pass filter using gyrator concept was exhibiting best performance in filtering action which has high frequency application in instrumentation. Key words: LPF-Low Pass Filter, OTA – Operational Transconductance Amplifier, Si-L-Simulated inductor. Copyright © Manjula V. Katageri and Mutsaddi, M. M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION gm adjustable over wide range and is linear Floating inductance simulation is one of the important Excellent mathing between amplifiers technique in analog electronic filter circuit design. Its Linearising diodes applications are found in active filters, oscillators and system Controlled impedance buffers response compensation. Several methods for realization of High output signal to noise ratio. floating inductance simulator have been reported in the literarature (Chitpol Koomgaew et al., 2009; Priyanka Soni The ideal OTA has Zin = ∞, Zout =∞, Band width =∞, Inverting et al., 2011; Neha gupta et al., 2012; Alexender J. Casson et al., input current = Non inveritng input current. The (Fig.1) Shows 2011; Hajek et al., 2006; Wandeev Petchmaneelumka et al., circuit symbol of OTA. The voltage controlled current source 2009; Ananda Mohan 1998). Since OTA is a commercially low is mathematically expressed as Iout = gm (V1 – V2 ), where gm = cost device for easy implimentation in the monolithic form. In (Ibias/2VT), VT is thermal voltage = 26mV at room temperature. this paper 3-OTA based floating inductor circuits (Chitpol (Datasheet, 2004). Koomgaew et al., 2009; Priyanka Soni et al., 2011; Neha gupta et al., 2012) of three configarations are studied. The replacement of conventional inductors by simulated one in passive LC ladder filter,which is well known method of low sensitivity high order filter design. The LC ladder low pass filter (LPF) in respective of four stage using three different simulated inductor circuits consisting of three OTA’S and grounded capacitor as only passive element was studied. The operational transconductance amplifier is a device in which the input voltage controlls the output current. It contains Fig.1. Circuit symbol of OTA the feature of linear controlled transconductance with tunable property of biasing current. The magnitude of inductance can Circuit Discription be electronically varied by changing the external bias current The circuits shown in (Fig. 2. Chitpol Koomgaew et al., 2009) of OTA. LM13600/LM13700 consists of two current (Fig.3. Priyanka Soni et al., 2011), and (Fig.4. Neha gupta controlled transconductance amplifier with different inputs and et al., 2012) are three different 3-OTA based floating inductor push pull outputs.Which has following features simulation circuits. The equivalent impedance of (Fig.1) & *Corresponding author: Manjula V. Katageri (Fig.2) has the dimention of inductance as Government First Grade College, Bagalkot, India. 3405 Manjula V. Katageri and Mutsaddi, M. M. Comparative study of LC ladder filter with 3-OTA simulated inductors Zin = = = = SL Vx = (4) L = at gm1 = gm2 = gm3 = gm At Ic = I3 , input impedance can be obtained from Eq.s (1),(2),(3) & (4) at I1 = - Iin & I2 = -Iout Zin = = = = = SL (5) If gm1 = gm2 = gm3 = gm is set , then L = The evalution of inductors from the known values of C and gm suits the value of L obtained from cutoff frequency. EXPRIMENTAL RESULTS LC ladder simulation The passive LC ladder Low pass filter (LPF) with 4 stage is Fig. 2. Paper (Chitpol Koomgaew et al., 2009) 3-OTA based floating shown in (Fig.5) was studied for C = C = C = C = 1nF and inductor A B c D the passive inductance was replaced with active simulated inductance at LA =LB = LC =LD = 1mH. for each three different 3-OTA circuits shown in (Fig.6), (Fig.7) & (Fig.8). Using the tunable property of of bias current of OTA the simulated inductance was 1mH at IBias=50µA and C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 =1nf. The simulated results tested through Protuse professonal 7 software. So that each LC low pass filter gives cutoff frequency of Fc = 159KHz √ = input L1 out1 L2 out1 L3 out3 L4 out4 1mH 1mH 1mH 1mH CA CB CC CD 1nF 1nF 1nF 1nF Fig. 3. Paper (Priyanka Soni et al., 2011) 3-OTA based floating inductor The 3-ota Gyrator type simulated inductor is shown in (Fig.4) Fig. 5. Passive LC Ladder gives best performance due its low sensitivity. The output currents of OTA1 & OTA2 are Then low pass filter characteristics at four output stages was obtained for the three stated different techniques of simulated floating inductance (Fig. 6,7 & 8). The characteristic response of the low pass filter Shown in (Fig.9) exhibits the response of LPF using three OTA based inductor shown in (Fig.2). A family of low pass filter charactristics of Si-L as shown in (Fig.3) was presented in (Fig.10) with a family of curves. Similarly 3-OTA Gyrator inductance simulator for four stage LC Ladder characteristics is shown in (Fig.11). An observation on three graphs reveals the salient features of 3 OTA Gyrator floating inductor application in the design of LPF. Fig. 4. Gyrator type 3 OTA floating inductor The method used in (Fig.3) was found to exhibiting overshoot of voltage near cutoff frequency (Fig.10). The appearance of I1=-gm1Vx (1) this shooting was due to error signal in the design of filter with the deviation in the value of L due to its quality factor. The I2 = gm2 Vx (2) Simulated inductance is not stable near the cutoff value. As its value decreases from calculated ones. The roll off ratio output I3 = gm3 ( V1 – V2 ) (3) voltage is sharp compared to other configarations. 3406 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 5, Issue, 11, pp. 3404-3407, November, 2013 U8:A(AMPBIAS) VALUE=150u U8:B(V-) U1:A(AMPBIAS) VALUE=150u U1:B(V-) U8:A U8:B 1 0 1 1 2 6 1 9 U1:A U1:B 1 0 1 1 2 6 1 9 3 13 input 5 12 3 13 4 14 5 12 4 14 6 7 8 1 6 5 LM13600 1 1 1 LM13600 C2 6 7 8 1 6 5 LM13600 1 1 1 LM13600 1nf C1 1nf U7:A U8:B(V+) 1 2 2 1 1 t u U2:A U1:B(V+) o 1 1 2 1 1 t 3 u o 5 3 4 5 4 8 7 6 LM13600 CB 8 7 6 LM13600 1nf CA 1nf U5:A(AMPBIAS) VALUE=150u U5:B(V-) U3:A(AMPBIAS) VALUE=150u U3:B(V-) U5:A U5:B 1 0 1 1 2 6 1 9 U3:A U3:B 1 0 1 1 2 6 1 9 3 13 5 12 3 13 4 14 5 12 4 14 6 7 8 1 6 5 LM13600 1 1 1 LM13600 C4 6 7 8 1 6 5 LM13600 1 1 1 LM13600 1nf C3 1nf U6:A U5:B(V+) 1 4 2 1 1 t u U4:A U3:B(V+) o 1 3 2 1 1 t 3 u o 5 3 4 5 4 8 7 6 CC LM13600 1nf CD 8 7 6 LM13600 1nf Fig.6. Active LC Ladder using Simulated L of paper (Chitpol Koomgaew et al., 2009) U1:A(AMPBIAS) U1:B(V+) VALUE=150u U3:A(AMPBIAS) U3:B(V+) VALUE=150u U1:A U1:B 1 5 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 U3:A U3:B 1 5 6 1 input 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 14 5 12 3 14 4 13 5 12 4 13 6 7 8 9 0 6 1 LM13600 LM13600 6 7 8 9 0 6 C1 LM13600 1 LM13600 1nF C2 1nF U2:A 1 1 1 2 U4:A 1 1 1 2 U1:A(V-) 3 out1 5 U3:A(V-) 3 out2 4 5 4 CA 6 7 8 CB LM13600 1nF 6 7 8 LM13600 1nF U7:A(AMPBIAS) U7:B(V+) U5:A(AMPBIAS) U5:B(V+) VALUE=150u VALUE=150u U7:A U7:B 1 5 6 1 U5:A U5:B 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 14 3 14 5 12 5 12 4 13 4 13 6 7 8 9 0 6 1 6 7 8 9 0 6 LM13600 LM13600 LM13600 1 LM13600 C4 C3 1nF 1nF U8:A 1 U6:A 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 U7:A(V-) 3 out4 U5:A(V-) 3 out3 5 5 4 4 CD 6 7 8 CC 1nF 6 7 8 LM13600 LM13600 1nF Fig.7.
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