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Design & Size Reduction Analysis of Micro Strip Hairpin Band Pass Filters

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Design & Size Reduction Analysis of Micro Strip Hairpin Band Pass Filters FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT . Design & Size Reduction Analysis of Micro Strip Hairpin Band Pass Filters Hamid Ali Hassan (19861218-T670) January 2015 Master’s Thesis in Electronics Master’s Program in Electronics/Telecommunications Examiner: Dr. Jose Chilo Supervisor: Mr. Zain Ahmed Khan Hamid Ali Hassan Design And Size Reduction Analysis Of Micro Strip HBP Filters Preface During the completion of this task, I have many people to thank who have guided me through this task and period of my professional growth. Foremost, I would like to thank Professor Wendy Van Moer, for accepting and encouraging my idea for working in Microwave Designing. I am thankful to her for providing me the initial assistance and literature to set off. It was because of her assistance in the initial phase of the project that I was able to keep myself motivated for the rest of the period until project completion. I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Jose’ Chilo for help in reassessing my project boundaries. I am grateful to Mr. Zain Ahmed Khan, for the daily supervision of the project and his guidance for writing and organizing the technical report document. He showed patience while I performed the task at my own pace. It helped me creatively during the process. Finally, I would like to thank, Efrain Zenteno, for giving me his time in lab for manufacturing and testing process. Without his direction and effort at the end, it would not have been possible to perform the end task the way it was and should have been performed. iii Hamid Ali Hassan Design And Size Reduction Analysis Of Micro Strip HBP Filters Abstract This thesis presents Design, Measurement and analysis for size reduction of the Coupled line micro strip Hairpin band pass filters (MHBPF’s). Hairpin filters are an interesting topic for microwave designers. These planar circuits are widely used in wireless transceivers and other microwave projects due to an easy design process. The filter design and analysis described in this paper can be used for wireless transceivers as well as for microwave links. Two techniques have been employed for the size reduction and four different filters have been designed. 1st Technique, Conventional Hairpin configuration uses folding of the normal λ/2 resonators into U shape. 2nd technique exploits the cross coupling of the resonators for further size reduction of the filters. From 1st to last design, different properties of micro strip and couple lines have been analyzed, observed, and finally exploited to reach to a more compact solution. Agilent ADS have been used for the simulation process of the initial filters. Further on, AWR Microwave office has been used for the EM simulation part of the project and a detailed analysis for the size reduction with respect to the different properties of the materials used. Since insertion loss method is going to be used for the designs, low pass filter prototypes parameters are used for further conversion to band pass. The loaded Q factor and the mix coupling coefficients between resonators have been calculated from standard empirical equations. FR4 substrate is used for manufacturing process. RogersRO3210 has also been used as a substrate for 3- section design in AWR Microwave Office for the illustration of size reduction with respect to substrate properties. The design with FR4 substrate has been manufactured and tested. The results have been analyzed on Vector Network Analyzer and displayed in results sections. iv Hamid Ali Hassan Design And Size Reduction Analysis Of Micro Strip HBP Filters Abbreviations BPF Band Pass Filters ADS Advanced Design System AWR Applied Wave research IC Integrated Circuits IL Insertion loss RL Return loss TEM Transverse Electro magnetic EM Electromagnetic PCB Printed Circuit Board MoM Method of Moments O.C Open circuit S.C Short circuit FBW Fractional Bandwidth MHBPF Micro strip Hairpin BPF v Hamid Ali Hassan Design And Size Reduction Analysis Of Micro Strip HBP Filters Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................... iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................. iv Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. vi 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Specifications ................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Outline .............................................................................................................................. 4 2 Theory .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Network Analysis ............................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Scattering Matrix................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Short Circuit admittance parameters ..................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Open Circuit impedance parameters ..................................................................................... 6 2.1.4 The transmission (ABCD) matrix ......................................................................................... 6 2.2 Filters theories and concepts ............................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Butterworth (Maximally Flat, Binomial) Response .............................................................. 8 2.2.2 Chebyshev Response............................................................................................................. 9 vi Hamid Ali Hassan Design And Size Reduction Analysis Of Micro Strip HBP Filters 2.2.3 Low pass prototype filters and elements ............................................................................... 9 2.2.4 Steps for designing Filter .................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Some important definitions ............................................................................................ 12 2.3.1 Quality factor (Selectivity factor) Q ................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 Insertion loss ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.3 Quarter Wave Transformer ................................................................................................. 12 2.4 Transmission lines and components ............................................................................... 13 2.4.1 Micro strip ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.1.1 Quasi TEM Approximation........................................................................................................... 14 2.4.1.2 Effective Dielectric Constant, Characteristics impedance and Attenuation .................................. 14 2.5 Coupled lines .................................................................................................................. 15 2.6 Hairpin Filters ................................................................................................................ 17 3 Design Procedure and results .................................................................................. 21 3.1 5-Section Hairpin Filter with 1dB ripple........................................................................ 21 3.1.1 Low pass prototype element design .................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Low pass to band pass conversion of the prototype design ................................................ 22 3.1.3 Lumped elements to ideal micro strip coupled line transformation .................................... 22 3.1.4 Ideal to practical coupled line transformation ..................................................................... 24 3.1.5 Coupled line to hairpin configuration/Planar Circuit design .............................................. 26 3.2 5th order Tapped input Hairpin design in ADS .............................................................. 29 vii Hamid Ali Hassan Design And Size Reduction Analysis Of Micro Strip HBP Filters 3.2.1 Tapped Input analysis ......................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Microwave office Design for 4th order Hairpin filter Exploiting structure Symmetry .. 33 3.4 Effects of varying spacing on Bandwidth and stop band characteristics ....................... 36 3.5 Two resonators Model for coupling and spacing evaluation ......................................... 37 3.6 Design of 3-Section Hairpin
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