Wadi Wurayah National Park Scientific Research Report 2013 – 2015 PROJECT PARTNERS Emirates Wildlife Society-WWF Emirates Wildlife Society-WWF is a UAE environmental nongovernmental organisation established under the patronage of H. H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the ruler’s representative in the Western Region and the chairman of Environmental Agency Abu Dhabi. Since its establishment, Emirates Wildlife Society has been working in association with WWF, one of the largest and most respected independent global conservation organisations, to initiate and implement environmental conservation and education projects in the region. EWS-WWF has been active in the UAE since 2001, and its mission is to work with people and institutions within the UAE and the region to conserve biodiversity and tackle climate change through education, awareness, policy, and science-based conservation initiatives. Fujairah Municipality Fujairah Municipality is EWS-WWFs strategic partner and the driver of the development of Wadi Wurayah National Park. The mission of Fujairah Municipality is to provide the people of Fujairah with advanced infrastructure, a sustainable environment, and excellence in services. Lead Author: HSBC Bank Middle East Ltd Jacky Judas, PhD, Research Manager, WWNP - EWS-WWF HSBC Bank Middle East is one of the largest international banks in the Middle Reviewer: East, and, since 2006, it has been the main stakeholder and financial partner of Olivier Combreau, PhD, consultant EWS-WWF on the Wadi Wurayah National Park project. HSBC Bank Middle East has funded most of the research programmes conducted to date in Wadi Wurayah National Park. EWS-WWF Head Office P.O. Box 45553 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates T: +971 2 634 7117 F: +971 2 634 1220 Earthwatch Institute EWS-WWF Dubai Office Earthwatch Institute is a leading global nongovernmental organisation that P.O. Box 454891 Dubai United Arab Emirates T: +971 4 354 9776 F: +971 4 354 9774 engages communities in environmental projects in more than 40 countries worldwide. Earthwatch Institute is EWS-WWF’s partner in the Water Research and The Water Research & Learning Programme Learning Programme in Wadi Wurayah National Park, drawing on its international P.O BOX 9777 Wadi Wurayah National Park, Fujairah, UAE experience to bring citizen scientists into the field in a safe and useful manner. For information about the programme, please contact: [email protected] www.ewswwf.ae @ews_wwf /ews.wwf wwfuae @ews_wwf Front Cover: © Wouter Kingma / EWS-WWF © Text March 2016 EWS-WWF Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the above mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. All rights reserved © EWS-WWF Other research fields have been investigated. They include assessments of plant biomass, tree characterisation, the description of freshwater invertebrates’ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY populations, the relative abundance of reptiles, bird diversity variations, an owl survey with the discovery of the rare and elusive Omani owl (Strix butleri), rodent In January 2013, Fujairah Municipality and the Emirates Wildlife Society in trapping, carnivore trapping, and radio-tracking. association with the World Wide Fund for Nature (EWS-WWF) signed a three- A system for monitoring large and medium-size mammals has been defined and year agreement to develop the newly created Protected Area into a national park implemented through the deployment of a network of more than 50 camera traps, of international importance, the Wadi Wurayah National Park. The main role of covering most of the area. The initial objective of this network of camera traps was Wadi Wurayah National Park is to conserve natural ecosystems and wildlife as well to assess the status of the endangered Arabian tahr, which persists in the UAE as the cultural values that are characteristic of this region of the Hajar Mountains. in very small and fragmented populations. Three survey years did not yield any One of the first tasks that EWS-WWF undertook was the initiation of a scientific indication of the presence of the species. This strongly suggested that the species and research programme aligned with the management plan in which six major had become locally extinct since 2012 (the date of the last observations). Its conservation targets were identified. These included the freshwater ecosystems, reintroduction should be initiated after the securing of the area and the removal of terrestrial vegetation and habitats, the Arabian leopard, mid-sized carnivores, the main suspected causes of extinction (overgrazing and poaching). endangered ungulates and birds, small mammals and reptiles. Ensuring the sustainability of conservation targets is not possible without the This scientific report provides the main objectives and results for the period of 2013 removal or substantial reduction of the main threats, which also need to be to December 2015. These are articulated around two main themes: the research quantified and monitored. The quantification of most of the threats is yet to be and monitoring programme and the description of the biodiversity in the Protected done. A paragraph (§2.3, p.63) summarises our current knowledge of the threats Area. An important part of the research was conducted in the framework of the and makes indications of the work to be developed. Water Research and Learning Programme (WRLP), a five-year citizen science- based programme (2013-2017) elaborated as a synergic initiative between EWS- With the increase in concern worldwide about the degradation of the environment WWF, Fujairah Municipality, Earth Watch and HSBC, which provides the financial and the unprecedented scale of loss in biodiversity, documenting the biodiversity support. In addition, scientific collaborations were initiated with different research of the park has also become a priority activity. Only comprehensive biodiversity institutions, individual researchers, and universities to contribute to ecological knowledge can lead us to a better understanding of the ecosystem’s functioning. knowledge regarding the park and the description of its biodiversity. Important efforts were made to document the biodiversity of the park. At the end of December 2015, they resulted in the listing of 1,146 species. A comprehensive The guiding principle of the research effort was the development of monitoring botanical survey was conducted from 2013-2014. The Odonata (dragonflies and methodologies and programmes and the identification of relevant bioindicators damselflies) community was surveyed intensively during the visit of distinguished that were representative of the different habitats, taxonomic groups, and food web international specialists. Moths were trapped on a monthly basis from August levels. The goal was to provide the management of the park with sound scientific 2014 to October 2015. Scorpions and spiders also received the particular attention knowledge about the state of the environment. Different criteria were taken into of local and foreign specialists. Last, sightings of all vertebrate species (reptiles, account while determining the indicators. They included the reliability, accuracy, birds, and mammals) were systematically recorded. Although important progress and sensitivity of the measurements in the detection of changes and their costs and has been achieved in the acquisition of WWNP biodiversity knowledge, some more staff requirements (on which the feasibility of monitoring them regularly in the studies need to be developed, particularly those of arthropods or microorganisms long term would be based). that have not been investigated or have been poorly investigated. It does not come Thus, activities involving the participation of HSBC volunteers in the WRLP were as a surprise that many more species are yet to be added to the developed to determine the main bioindicators of the state of the freshwater biodiversity inventory. ecosystems, which are among the main assets of the park. Indicators of the Although these three years have seen important progress in the development quality of freshwater have been investigated well with the regular measurement of monitoring methods and indicators and the description of biodiversity, the of 16 water parameters and the identification of preliminary threshold values. efforts in question should not be interrupted. The success of the environmental Variations beyond these values might provide alerts on possible environmental conservation of the park depends to a significant extent on the continuity of disturbances and stimulate additional field investigations to determine if and how scientific research and the long-term sustainability of monitoring programmes. human management intervention is required. Important work has been conducted on the wild toad and dragonfly populations to assess natural variations in their populations, diversity, abundance, and factors of variation. Different methods have been investigated. They have already yielded interesting results, but additional work is still necessary. The right choices of methodologies, frequencies of sampling, and required field efforts are crucial for the success of a long-term monitoring programme. WADI WURAYAH NATIONAL PARK Scientific Research Report 2013 – 2015 Table of Contents 3 Biodiversity inventory 85 3.1 Flora 87 1 Introduction 12 1.1 Conservation targets and threats in WWNP 13 3.1.1 The purpose of the survey 87 1.2 The purpose of the research and monitoring programmes 15 3.1.2 Methodology 88 1.3 The Water Research and Learning Programme 15